sola bottle research on customer insights and price … · 2015-08-23 · sola bottle research on...
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Patrick Peque – ID# 28140 Emeline Mangulabnan – ID # 28702 NDAB602 – BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
R O B E R T D A V I S T u t o r
Business Research Proposal
SOLA bottle Research on customer Insights and price Sensitivity
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROJECT PLAN .......................................................................................................................... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 1
BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................... 2
RESEARCH PROBLEM .............................................................................................................. 2 RESEARCH QUESTION ............................................................................................................. 3
RESEARCH PURPOSE ............................................................................................................... 3
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................... 3 LITERATURE REVIEW (THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK) ................................................ 4
Brand Distinctiveness ................................................................................................................................... 4 Quality of the product ................................................................................................................................... 5 Purchase Motivation for expensive products ..................................................................................... 5 Price Sensitivity ............................................................................................................................................... 5
LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES ................................................................................................ 6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (METHOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK) ................................. 7 The Respondents .............................................................................................................................. 7 Sampling Plan .................................................................................................................................... 8 Fieldwork Period .............................................................................................................................. 8 Responsibilities and Deliverables .............................................................................................. 8 Timing .................................................................................................................................................. 8
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION .............................................................................................. 14 Qualitative Research Analysis .................................................................................................... 15 Quantitative Research Analysis ................................................................................................. 15
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................... 15 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................... 17
Business Research Proposal 1
PROJECT PLAN
Wk1 Wk2 Wk3 Wk4 Wk1 Wk2 Wk3 Wk4
I.)Research)Topic)and)Review)of)LiteratureProject(Plan 13.Mar EmelineAPA(Referencing 16.Mar BothMarketing(Scale(Handbook 20.Mar BothReview(of(related(literature 23.Mar BothTheoretical(Framework 25.Mar BothProduct(Description(and(Scope 25.Mar EmelineII.)Review)Literature)and)Define)the)Research)QuestionsResearch(Problem 25.Mar PatrickResearch(Questions 25.Mar PatrickResearch(Purpose 25.Mar PatrickResearch(Objectives 25.Mar EmelineIdentification(of(Legal(and(Ethical(Issues 25.Mar EmelineDraft(Quantitative(and(Qualitative(Research(Questionnaires 27.Mar PatrickInterview(Guide 27.Mar PatrickIII.)Research)DesignResearch(Methodology 27.Mar PatrickDesign(and(Finalization(of(Questionnaires 2.Apr BothProject(Briefing 2.Apr BothFieldwork(Schedule 2.Apr PatrickIV.)Research)Data)CollectionReview(of(Research(questions BothPractice(Interview/Role(Playing BothActual(Fieldwork BothData(Collection BothProcessing BothTranscripts(for(Qualitative PatrickData(Tabulation(/(Data(Tables(for(Quantitative EmelineV.)Analysis)and)Interpretation)on)Research)DataReport(Writing BothInsights BothVI.)Dissertation)and)Thesis)WritingInitial(presentation(of(results BothRevisions BothFinal(Report Both
On(TrackNeed(attentionNot(on(track
ACCOUNTABILITYMarch AprilSTEPS DEADLINE STATUS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY P&E Solaire Company is a newly established firm in New Zealand offering solar powered products that can help save the environment. This company will introduce a water bottle that uses the sun as its energy source to control the temperature of the water. This research aims to investigate how relevant is water consumption and hydration to the consumers who frequently do outdoor activities and whether they are willing to spend money to buy a water bottle that uses the sun energy to heat up or cold the liquid. This will be an exploratory research to collect data and information to help understand the product’s acceptability and awareness to consumers, positioning and pricing.
Business Research Proposal 2
The primary objective of this review it to determine the affordable price and marketing resources that are required for brand positioning, brand distinctiveness, to know the customer’s insights on sustainable products and if it is important and to know people’s purchase motivation. The research mythologies that will be utilized are Qualitative (Interpretivism) and Quantitative (Positivism). This study aims to understand if the proposed product will be marketable and to determine the prices that are acceptable to the consumers.
BACKGROUND New Zealand is listed as the world’s top destination country to visit and explore. This is according to New Zealand Tourism, “New Zealand remains one of the most popular destinations in the world among travellers from our target market. This is reflected in the number of awards Destination New Zealand has won over the last few years. New Zealand has been voted 'top country' at the 2015 Wanderlust Readers' Travel Awards. (Award Winning New Zealand - Tourism New Zealand, 1999-2010)”. Thus many individuals like to travel around the country. Based on data and statistics, New Zealanders physical activity levels are high. The Health of New Zealand Adults 2011/12 found that more than half of all adults (54 percent) are physically active for at least 30 minutes on five or more days per week, men are more likely (57 percent) than woman (51 percent) to be physically active for at least 30 minutes on five or more days per week and one in eight (12 percent) adults are physically active for less than 30 minutes per week. (Activity Levels in New Zealand / Ministry of Health NZ). These people who frequent outdoor activities drinks water to hydrate, energize and make their body better. An idea of having a water container that is transportable and convenient comes into mind. A bottle that can warm up and cool water that is needed in remote areas where there is no access to electricity. This is where technology comes in by producing a product that is powered by the sun.
RESEARCH PROBLEM As a new company that focuses on solar technology, research are very important in order to understand the need of our target customers and maximize our opportunities by innovating and ensuring we have the right product, for the right customers, at the right time.
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In the situational analysis of our product, we identified several research problems or issues. The problem being addressed in this study is the limited knowledge on solar powered products in New Zealand. The research will deal on product attractiveness/likability, positioning messages, and pricing. We want to know insights from our customers about our unique product, what are their views regarding environmentally friendly and sustainable products, and at what pricing points that our product will have in order to capture the market. We believe that research is a continuous and ongoing process in innovation and this research is important since it is the pivotal study for solar water bottle products and it will fill the knowledge gaps that we have in the situational analysis.
RESEARCH QUESTION What is the product attractiveness of Sola Bottle in New Zealand? The research question will address all aspect of the research problem particularly product likability, positioning, messaging, and pricing. This will set us unique from any other water bottle in the hydration market. The information that we will gather will help us understand the market and successfully launch the product in the future.
RESEARCH PURPOSE The research we are conducting is an exploratory research, which is a research that gathers preliminary information that will help us understand our research problem. The main purpose of this research is to gain people insights on how we can position Sola Bottle in New Zealand market and how would the concept be acceptable to customers. As Stan Sthanunathan, Senior Vice President, Consumer & Market at Unilever says that there’s a big difference between people insights and consumer insights, brand must understand people not consumers. We need to understand what are people lives are all about. Going to people insights as opposed to consumer insights.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To ensure successful commercialization of the Sola Bottle in New Zealand, there is a need to determine the optimum pricing and promotional resources needed to support the positioning of the brand in the portfolio. The objective of the research is to know the acceptance of customers on solar powered water bottle and understanding the concept behind the product
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• To understand the potential value and acceptance of proposed positioning of Sola Bottle
• To capture insights on sustainable products • To validate their understanding on solar technology • To develop understanding on product quality and purchase motivation • To know how important is a sustainable product to the consumers • To know if the end-users are willing to spend money for a non-essential
but convenient product • To determine at what price the respondents believe Sola Bottle is too
expensive for them to decide not to buy the product • To determine at what price the respondents believe Sola Bottle is
attractive enough for them to decide to buy the product • To determine at what price Sola Bottle is too cheap for them to start
questioning the quality of the product The result of this research will us make a decision on setting the right price for Sola Bottle that will allow the most number of customers to take advantage of the benefits the product can offer and at the same time optimize revenue potential.
LITERATURE REVIEW (THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK) There are several works related to the topics we choose particularly on the published data about attractiveness of a particular product, brand distinctiveness, purchase motivation and pricing sensitivity. Most of the marketing scales we have used are from Marketing Scales Handbook by Gordon Brunner which contain description of multi-item scales from scholarly consumer insight research that had been published in the top marketing journals (Brunner, 2013) Brand Distinctiveness To understand how our products are being perceived, we follow the study done by Zhou & Nakamoto in 2007. Based on the study, product familiarity plays a critical role in consumer preferences. He conducted 2 studies pertaining to Incongruity Theory, a theory which predicts that moderate discrepancy may generate a more favorable affective judgement than either highly congruent or extremely incongruent information (Zhou & Nakamoto, 2007). Through this research we will able to know if our product is perceived to be a unique or an enhance product in the market.
Business Research Proposal 5
Quality of the product In the study done by Olshavsky and Miller, they investigated the effects on product ratings of both overstatement and understatement of product quality. Result support common marketing practice in that overstatement resulted in a more favorabe ratings and understatement resulted in less favorable ratings (Olshavsky & Miller, 1972). The questionnaires we used was based from the study conducted by Jo which is based from the Composite Concept Theory (Jo, 2007) Purchase Motivation for expensive products Our research questionnaire on purchase motivation is based from the study done by Franziska Völckner in 2008. The research measures the degree to which a consumer views expensive products/brands as forms of self-reward and purchases them for that reason (Volckner, 2007). This will help understand the customer behavior in purchasing high end products and their motivation of doing it. Adding a particular technology in an existing product would increase their purchase motivation. Price Sensitivity Price is one of the most important factors in consumers and for a new company like P&E Solaire, it is important how we set the price for Sola Bottle considering the new technology, research and development that was put in our products. It is one of the most important factors in products like Sola Bottle. Price a product too low and you may not cover your costs or generate profits. Price the product too high and potential customers never turn into paying customers (Lipovetsky, Magnan, & Polzi, 2011). That’s why the pivotal research that we conduct put emphasis on the price sensitivity of our target market aside from the attractiveness of our product. Insights on how much customers are willing to pay for an innovative product, knowing the price limit that is more profitable and at the same time acceptable to the consumers. Consumer’s sensitivity to price has a significant impact on product innovativeness as most of the product purchase decisions are being made based on price rather than the brand (Al-Mamun, Rahman, & Robel, 2014). We used two (2) approaches on this research. The Van Westendorp and Gabor Granger Model. Both are widely used techniques to measure price sensitivity on a particular product.
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LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES
The gathering of information and data are based on the qualitative and quantitative questionnaires that will be carefully researched, studied and prepared according to the Marketing Scales Handbook written by Gordon C. Bruner II. The respondents who are willing to cooperate in the survey will be given a flyer prior to the actual interview. This is to let them have an initial idea of what the product enquiry is all about. The following are the legal and ethical issues that are going to be considered as stated the article from the Research Association New Zealand.
1. Comply with Rules. Market researchers shall abide by the rules pertaining to all national and international laws.
2. Proper Conduct of Researchers. Proper conduct and respectable behaviour must be observed by the researchers and prevent any harm on the reputation of the study.
3. Protecting the rights of the minors. Special care and attention will give to the respondents who are below 18 years old.
4. Voluntary Cooperation. The respondents’ consent to participate in the research is voluntary. When their agreement to participate is being obtained, sufficient and not misleading information must be the basis of the research on the purpose and nature of the project. They can stop participating anytime during the interview when they feel so.
5. Right of the Respondents. Respect for the individual rights of the Sola-bottle respondents as must be properly observed by the researchers. Their direct cooperation in the survey must not due them any harm. They must well informed of what the context is in the interview and how long will it take to finish the survey.
6. Privacy and Confidentiality. The data and the personal identities of the
respondents that are collected in the market research must only be used in the business research proposal and their personal identification must not be disclosed. The participants must also be assured that there will be no dissemination of research findings.
7. Transparency and Objectiveness. Market researchers must make sure that project plans, objectives and tasks are carefully outlined, executed and noted down for proper documentation, evaluation and interpretation with clarity and fairness. (Research Association New Zealand)
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (METHOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK) A Qualitative (Interpretivism) and Quantitative (Positivism) approach are done in this research. Qualitative research are conducted prior to Quantitative part since the exploratory research we conduct is a new concept of putting solar cells in water bottle, its is important that we gather insights and reactions in the broader perspective first before quantifying any means of numerical definition and validation done in quantitative research approach. The Quantitative/Qualitative Research is conducted via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaires and show cards. The interview will last approximately 30 to 45 minutes. This method will in providing statistically readable results given a minimum sample size of 50 and will provide the numbers and proportion, validate and confirm insights obtained from the qualitative study. Qualitative Research Method For the Qualitative Research, a total of 10 respondents (5 respondents /researcher) will be interviewed with 5 open ended questions. The researcher will take note all important details or transcript of the interview. The researcher will introduce himself/herself and explain the aim of the interview. Making sure that the respondents are aware on the purpose of the research and inform them about the Code of Practice set by Research Association New Zealand. All questionnaires are relevant to the research question that we have identified. Quantitative Research Method A total of 50 respondents (25 respondents/researcher) will participate in this type of research methodology. 20 quantitative questionnaires are asked to the respondents using Likert Type Scale and structured questionnaires with the following breakdown:
Qualitative Quantitative Interviewer A 5 25 Interviewer B 5 25
TOTAL 10 50
The Respondents
Respondent Qualifications: - Male or Female age 20 – 45 years old - Active lifestyle - Respondents were randomly selected from designated territory
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Both qualitative and quantitative research are done in public places with minimal distraction and conducive for interview such as in the park or at the beach.
Sampling Plan
The methodology used in this research is stratified random sample. Male and female should have equal proportions and all age groups must be represented. The limitation of the study is that it has a small sample size and is not representative of the whole New Zealand population.
Fieldwork Period
Qualitative and Quantitative Interviews will run from April 6 to May 1, 2015
Responsibi l it ies and Deliverables After conducting the research, the team is responsible to provide the following:
• Data tables • Transcript of interviews in hard copy (for qualitative study) • Preliminary review data • Full report with executive summary
Timing
Deliverables Date Draft Questionnaires March 20 Finalize & Sign-off questionnaire March 25 Project Briefing March 31 Clearing April 7 Actual Fieldwork/Data Gathering April 8 - 22 Data Processing and Tabulation/Analysis and Report Writing
April 24
Initial Presentation of Results April 27 Revisions April 29 Final Report May 1
Business Research Proposal 9
Quantitative Research Questionnaire CONFIDENTIAL
DEMOGRAPHICS
☐ 18-24 ☐ 35-39 ☐ 55-60☐ 25-29 ☐ 40-44 ☐ 60+☐ 30-34 ☐ 45-54
What is your annual household income?
☐ $30,000 to $49,999☐ $20,000 to $29,999
☐ Retired☐ Undergraduate
☐ Widowed
☐ $100,000 or more☐ $70,000 to $99,999☐ $50,000 to $69,999
☐ $20,000 below
What is your marital status?☐ Single☐ Married/Domestic Partnership☐ Divorced/Separated
What is your employment status?☐ Student☐ Part-time☐ Full-time☐ Self Employed☐ Unemployed
☐ Hispanic/Latino☐ European☐ Others (Pls. specify) _________
What is your highest educational attainment?☐ Doctorate/Professional Degree/PhD☐ Post Graduate. Master's Degree
What is your biological gender?☐ Male
☐ Graduation/Bachelor's Degree☐ Diploma or below
☐ FemaleWhat is your age?
What is your ethnicity?☐ White☐ Maori/Pacific Islander☐ Asian
MAIN QUESTIONNAIRE
Product X • ABC$ is$ a$ new$ company$ based$ in$
Auckland,$New$Zealand.$They$are$the$pioneer$ in$ solar$ powered$ water$bo=le,$Product$X$
• Product$X$is$a$water$bo=le$that$uses$solar$ energy$ and$ convert$ it$ to$electrical$ energy,$ maintaining$ the$temperature$of$your$water$for$longer$periods.$$
• Whether$its$hot$or$cold,$it$can$be$set$to$a$desired$temperature.$
• It$ uses$ Dye$ SensiGzed$ Solar$ Cell$ (DSSC)$ that$ can$ work$ even$ under$ indirect,$diffused,$or$low$light$condiGons.$The$technology$was$based$from$the$principle$of$Photosynthesis.$
• The$power$converted$ from$the$sun$are$stored$ in$ the$unit$ for$ future$use.$No$waste$of$energy$
• It$is$ergonomically$designed,$BPA$free$and$it$is$made$from$recyclable$materials$• It$comes$in$different$colors$and$designs$since$DSSC$are$transparent$• The$design$ is$ patented,$ $ ISO$ cerGfied,$ approved$and$ recommended$by$New$
Zealand$Standards$Authority$• Product$ X$ is$ a$ real$ value$ for$money,$ it’s$ a$ sustainable$ and$ environmentally$
friendly$product$
SHOW CARD 1
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SECTION 1: VIEW ON PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES How understandable the content of this concept?
Not at all understandable
Very understandable
Understanding about the product 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
How credible the content of this concept is compared to other products?
How likely would you buy the product in this concept?
Please indicate how much you agree or disagree in the folowing statements? PERCEIVED VALUE OF SOLAR PRODUCTS
EFFECTIVENESS OF SOLAR POWERED PRODUCTS
Not at all likely
Extremely likely
Content 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Not at all likely
Extremely likely
Product purchase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Strongly Disagree Strongly
Agree
Solar products are expensive 1 2 3 4 5
Solar products cost more than non-solar products 1 2 3 4 5
Solar products are cheaper than non-solar products 1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Strongly
Agree
Solar powered products are effective 1 2 3 4 5
Solar powered products is an alternative energy source 1 2 3 4 5
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BRAND DISTINCTIVENESS
PERCEIVED PRODUCT QUALITY
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
The product described above has excellent quality 1 2 3 4 5 The product described above looks to be reliable and durable 1 2 3 4 5 The product described above will have fewer problems 1 2 3 4 5 The product described above has excellent quality features 1 2 3 4 5 The product described above will give me excellent user experience 1 2 3 4 5
PURCHASE MOTIVATION
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
I sometimes purchase an expensive product primary for my own pleasure 1 2 3 4 5 I spoil myself from time to time with an expensive product because I am worth it 1 2 3 4 5 Buying a high priced product makes me feel good about myself 1 2 3 4 5 If I want to give myself a treat, I sometimes buy an expensive product 1 2 3 4 5
Solar products need a lot of studies to prove in terms of effectiveness 1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Strongly
Agree
This brand is unique from other brands 1 2 3 4 5
This brand is an enhanced features from other brands 1 2 3 4 5
This brand can be easily distinguished from other brands 1 2 3 4 5
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SECTION 2: VIEW ON PRODUCT MESSAGES
Product X Messaging • Product(X(is(the(first(solar(powered(water(bo4le(in(New(Zealand(
• Product(X(generates(energy(for(life.(It(produces(power(from(the(
sun( even( under( indirect,( diffused,( or( low( light( condiAons( and(
maintains(your(water(to(a(designated(temperature(
• Product( X( is( a( sustainable,( environmentally( friendly( product(
made(from(recyclable(materials(
• Provides(access(to(your(water(where(you(want(it(and(when(you(
want(it((
• Product(X(is(a(lightweight(and(easy(to(use(
• Product(X(promote(wellness(and(healthy(lifestyle(
• Product(X(is(convenient(and(suit(your(acAve(lifestyle(
• Product( X( last( longer( since( it( uses( Dye( SensiAzed( Solar( Cells(
(DSSC)(
• Product( X( is( costHeffecAve( and( provides( a( real( value( for( your(
money(
(
SHOW CARD 2
Please indicate how believable the product messages in the following statements?
Not at all believable
Very believable
Product X is the first solar powered water bottle in New Zealand 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Product X generates energy for life. It produces power from the sun even under indirect, diffused, or low light conditions and maintains you water to a designated temperature
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Product X is a sustainable, environmentally friendly product made from recyclable materials
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Provides access to your water where you want it and when you want it 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Product X is lightweight and easy to use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Product X promote wellness and healthy lifestyle 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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Product X is convenient and suits your active lifestyle 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Product X last longer since it uses Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Product X is cost- effective and provides a real value for your money
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
SECTION 3: VIEW ON PRODUCT PRICE At what price would you begin to think product is too expensive to consider? At what price would you begin to think product is so inexpensive that you would question the quality and not consider it? At what price would you begin to think product is getting expensive, but you still might consider it? At what price would you think product is a bargain – a great buy for the money? At each price level how likely would you buy the product in this concept to the existing water bottle in the market on a 7-point scale, where 1 equals ‘not at all likely’ and 7 equals ‘extremely likely’.
Not at all likely
Extremely likely
$200 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
$175 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
$150 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
$125 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
$100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
$75 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
$50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
$25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
$10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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If the product in this concept would be available in the market, how long would it take you to try the product? a. Immediately as soon as it become available b. Immediately as soon as I have money c. Need to know the product review first d. Will wait till the product is on sale e. Will wait till all of my friends uses it f. Wait till someone will give it to me as gift
Qualitative Research Questionnaire
Show Card 1 What do you think about our product concept? Would you buy this product? Why or why not? How important is hydration to you? Would you think this product will add value to your lifestyle? Why or why not? Do you believe that a product with higher price has a good quality? Why or why not? What do you think are the barriers and enablers that will drive the success of this product?
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION Data is becoming a commodity and we can get data from multiple sources. Its not what data is all about but rather what we can do with the data that matters and for this research, we want evidence that matters. Insights can come from anywhere and we need to elevate our research and take it to a new level. It is a powerful information that can change how we see our product and understand our target customers. The goal of our research is to add value with the data we acquire and provoke a transformational action. We think outside the box and
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thinking about our long term strategies for the company and for our product. The data that will be collected and reported using Microsoft Excel and with the help of websites such as Survey Monkey (www.surveymonkey.com)
Qualitative Research Analysis The group will use typology method of qualitative analysis. A typology is a classification system, taken from patterns, themes, or other kinds of groups of data (Lofland & Lofland). Coding or Indexing will also done to analyze the qualitative research to help organized the data gathered. Alan Bryman's 4 Stages of qualitative analysis emphasize the value of coding, indexing, or categorizing in analysis of qualitative research (Bryman, 2008). This is similar to the inductive approach by David Thomas. The primary purpose of the inductive approach is to allow research findings to emerge from the frequent, dominant or significant themes inherent in raw data, without the restraints imposed by structured methodologies (Thomas, 2003).
Quantitative Research Analysis
Quantitative research analysis will emphasize by using tables, percentage, and frequencies based from the data gathered. The price research using Van Westendorp will help us analyze an optimal price and window of opportunity for our product while the Gabor Granger Price Sensitivity approach will measures price and volume sensitivity. These two (2) approaches are important to see if the intended price of Sola Bottle will match market expectations and if there are floor limit when it come to the value of our product.
CONCLUSION People who have an active lifestyle need to drink water to hydrate and restore energy loss after doing outdoor activities. Good hydration is important for health and wellness. This research is aimed to gather information and understanding on product perception, value and acceptability and positioning of Sola Bottle for the market in New Zealand. The result of which will determine the right price that is affordable and value for money. The research questions will give information about the product’s likability, positioning, messaging, pricing and its favorable outcome in the market. The marketing scales used are based from Marketing Scales Handbook by Gordon
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Brunner which contains description of multi-item scales from scholarly consumer insight research that had been published in the top marketing journals (Brunner, 2013). A Qualitative (Interpretivism) and Quantitative (Positivism) approach will be conducted in this research. The qualitative approach uses the topology method which will classify the data, subject and information gathered in the survey. To analyze and understand these results coding, indexing or categorizing will be used. On the other hand, the quantitative survey will examine its inputs by using tables, percentage, and frequencies based from the data gathered which shall decide the product pricing and opportunity in the market.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Zhou, K., & Nakamoto, K. (2007, February 23). How do enhanced and unique features affect new product preference? The moderating role of product familiarity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , 53-‐62. Jo, M.-‐S. (2007, May). Sould a quality sub-‐brand be located before or after the parent brand? An application of Composite Concept Theory. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science , 184-‐196. Volckner, F. (2007, September 25). The Dual Role of Price: Decomposing Consumers' Reactions to Price. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , 359-‐377. Lipovetsky, S., Magnan, S., & Polzi, A. (2011). Pricing Models in Marketing Research. Intelligent Information Management (3), 167-‐174. Al-‐Mamun, A., Rahman, M., & Robel, S. (2014). A Critical Review of Consumers' Senstivity to Price: Managerial and Theoretical Issues. Journal of Interventional Business and Economics , 2 (2), 1-‐9. Thomas, D. (2003). A general inductive approach for qualitative data analysis. University of Auckland, School of Population Health, Auckland. Research Association New Zealand. (n.d.). Retrieved March 27, 2015, from www.marketing.org.nz: https://www.marketing.org.nz/Privacy Brunner, G. (2013). Marketing Scales Handbook (Vol. 7). Fort Worth, Texas, USA: GCBII Productions. Olshavsky, R. W., & Miller, J. A. (1972). Consumer Expectations, Product Performance, and Perceived Product Quality. Journal of Marketing Research , 9. Lofland, J., & Lofland, L. Typological Systems: Analyzing social settings (3rd ed.). California, Belmont. Bryman, A. (2008). Social Research Methods (3rd ed.). Oxfort: Oxford University Press. Award Winning New Zealand -‐ Tourism New Zealand. (1999-‐2010). Retrieved March 29, 2015, from Tourism New Zealand: http://www.tourismnewzealand.com/about-‐us/award-‐winning-‐new-‐zealand/
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Activity Levels in New Zealand / Ministry of Health NZ. (n.d.). Retrieved March 29, 2015, from www.health.govt.nz: http://www.health.govt.nz/your-‐health/healthy-‐living/food-‐and-‐physical-‐activity/physical-‐activity/activity-‐levels-‐new-‐zealand Research Association New Zealand. (n.d.). Retrieved March 27, 2015, from www.marketing.org.nz: https://www.marketing.org.nz/Privacy