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COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGYASSGINMENT NO: 01SUBMITTED TO: SIR MEHMOOD HUSSAINSUBMITTED BY: ZAHRA SHAHID (32712)CALSS AND SECTION: B.B.A 3(D)SUBMISSION DATE: 17/02/2014

Social ScienceSocial science is defined as the study of society and of the relationship of individual members within society, including economics, history, political science, psychology, anthropology, and sociology.Social Science and its relationship with History, Anthropology, Social Psychology, Economics, Political ScienceDifferent social sciences deal with the different aspects of the social life of man. Accordingly, History, Anthropology, Social Psychology, Economics, Political Science, etc. study the various facets of the same reality, i.e. the social milieu. Naturally, these social sciences are then very much interrelated.Sociology, as social science, has joined the family of social sciences very recently. It was born at a time when there was no other social science to study the human society in its entirety with all its complexity.It is more difficult to distinguish sociology from the various social sciences, because the same content or area of investigation is sometimes studied by different social sciences with different degrees of emphasis. Further, some of the relationships between sociology and other social sciences have been matters of controversy. For example, there are some thinkers, like Comte, Spencer, Hobhouse, who would say that sociology is the basic or the sole social science and all the others are its subdivision There are others like Giddings who would argue that sociology is not the sole science, not the mother of other social sciences, but only their common sister. Some others regard sociology as a specialized science of social phenomena; as specialized in its interests as are economics and political science.Again, some sociologists profess to see the closest relations between sociology and psychology on the one hand, and sociology and anthropology on the other. Still some others say that sociology and history are more interrelated than others.In the field of social sciences interdisciplinary approach is gaining more currency today. Understanding of one social science requires some around of understanding of the other. Further, sociology as a young science, has borrowed many things from other sciences. In return, it has enriched other sciences by its highly useful sociological knowledge. In this context, it becomes essential for us to know the interrelation between sociology and history, economics, political science, anthropology, social psychology and education.RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY AND OTHER SOCAIL SCIENCES ON BASIS OF DIFFERENCE.SociologyHistory

1. Sociology is interested in the study of present with all their complexity.

1. History deals with the past events of man. It is silent regarding the present

2. Sociology is relatively young social science. It has very short history of its own.

2. History is an age-old social science. It has a long story of 2000 years or even more.

3. Sociology is an analytical science.

3. History is descriptive science.

4. Sociology is generalizing science.

4.History is an individualizing science

SociologyPolitical science

1. Sociology is a science of society.1.political science is a science of state and government

2. Sociology studies all kind of societies organized as well as un organized.

2. Political science studies only the politically organized societies.

3. Sociology has a wider scope.Sociology studies man as fundamentally a social animal3. Political science has narrower field.

4. The approach of sociology is sociological. It follows its own methods in addition to the scientific methods in its investigations.

4. Political science is a special social science because it concentrates only on the human relationships which are political in character.

5. Sociology studies man as fundamentally a social animal.

5. Political science studies man as a political animal.

6. Finally sociology is quite young. It is not even two centuries old.

6. Political science is an older science comparatively. It has centuries of history.

SociologyPsychology

1. Sociology studies society and social groups.

1. Psychology studies behavior of individual in society. Its focus of interest is individual and not the society as such

2. Sociology analysis social processes.

2. Psychology concerned with behavior of individuals.

3. Sociology studies society form sociological point of view.

3. Psychology studies the individuals behavior form the view point of psychological factors involved.

SociologyEconomics

1.Sociology studies all kind of social relationships

1. Economics deals with only those social relationships which are economic in character.

2. Sociology is general social science.

2. Economics is a special science.

3. Sociology is a science of recent emergence.

3. Economics has attained an advanced degree of maturity.

SociologyAnthropology

1.Sociology is the study of modern civilized and complex societies.

1.Anthropology concerns with un civilized and non literate societies

2.Sociologist study the institutions marriage, family or processes such as change, social mobility.

2. Anthropologist study human primitive cultures.

3.Sociologist studies small as well as large societies.

3. Anthropologist usually concentrate on small societies.

4. Sociology makes use of observation, interview, social survey, questionnaires and other method of techniques in its investigations.

4. Anthropologist directly go and live in the communities they study. They make use of direct observations and interviews.

Social processes social processes are the ways in which individuals and groups interact, adjust and readjust and establish relationships and pattern of behavior which are again modified through social interactions.Types of social procesess1. Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal communication is the process of communicating by sending and receiving wordless messages.2. ExchangeSocial exchange theory argues that people form relationships because they determine that it is in their best interests to do so.3. CooperationCooperation is the process of two or more people working or acting in concert.4. ConflictSocial conflict is the struggle for agency or power within a society to gain control of scarce resources.5. CompetitionCompetition is a contest between people or groups of people for control over resources.6. Stereotypes in Everyday LifeA stereotype is a belief about a group of individuals that people apply to any given individual deemed to be part of that group.7. Personal SpacePersonal space is the region surrounding people that they regard as psychologically their own.8. Eye ContactEye contact develops in a cultural context and different gazes have different meanings all over the world.9. Applied Body LanguageBody language is a crucial part of social interaction.