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This booklet contains the abstracts and the administrative data from the socio-economic projects in the energy, transport

and environment field funded under the Fifth Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development

(1998-2002) and some initial projects funded under the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006). The projects included

are the most relevant examples in relation to the following key issues:

> Modelling and Scenarios;

> Direct and External Costs;

> Policy Instruments and Governance;

> Social Acceptability and Human Behaviour.

The most recent projects, especially those under the Sixth Framework Programme, are cross-cutting and therefore cover

several of the above. The intention is to provide general information for as wide a public as possible within the scientific

community.

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Directorate-General for Research EUR 213282005



EUROPEAN COMMISSION

REC 4 5200 Socio Ec Projects 22/03/05 19:33 Page 1

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Foreword

S O C I O - E C O N O M I C P R O J E C T S I N E N E R G Y, T R A N S P O R T A N D E N V I R O N M E N T

European Union Research is often perceived as technology-driven. However, we have to

understand that its economic, social and environmental components are equally important, having

proven to be supportive both to policy formulation and policy implementation by providing scenarios,

forecasts, quantitative assessments and indicators that are generated by models.

Economic and social research has a long tradition in energy, transport and environmental fields from a scientific

stand-point as well as in terms of policy support. The latest policy developments in the Climate Change debate at

the global and EU level illustrate the prominent role research plays in promoting science-based policy-making while

at the same time it is evident that there are knowledge gaps and uncertainties which still need to be addressed by

scientific and socio-economic research and technological development.

Over the last few years EU research activities have contributed to filling these gaps and developing further

quantitative and qualitative socio-economic tools. Models such as PRIMES, POLES, SCENES and GEM-E3 have been

further enhanced in order to better respond to the new policy needs and the latest scientific advances for use in

support of recent energy, transport and Climate Change policies. The NEMESIS model has also been strengthened

in order to assess the impact on growth and employment of the future Framework Programme. The EXTERNE

project has generated external costs that have been used to support environment and health-related policies.

EU funding for this research area is justified by its European added value and its public interest component.

Economic and social research in the development of EU policies is prevalent and necessary. Its operational

contribution should be preserved and further developed in future research activities. The projects presented in

this brochure demonstrate its usefulness and necessity.

Achilleas Mitsos,Director-General, DG Research

3


Introduction


This booklet contains the abstracts and the administrative data from the socio-economic projects funded under

the Fifth Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (1998-2002) and some initial

projects funded under the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006).

This publication follows a previous one called “Socio-economic Projects in Energy and Environment” (EUR 19886),

but also includes projects from the transport research area in the spirit of the Sixth Framework Programme which

groups together under the same priority “Sustainable Energy Systems”, “Sustainable Surface Transport” and

“Global Change and Ecosystems”. This overall priority entitled “Sustainable Development, Global Change and

Ecosystems” - complemented by the “Scientific Support to Policies” Priority - covers projects that look both at

concrete short- and medium-term problems to be solved as well as the development of longer-term potential

scenarios.

The two publications together are not exhaustive but present a broad range of projects in these areas. The majority

of the projects presented here are from the Fifth Framework Programme, with several projects funded in the first

few calls for proposals of the Sixth Framework Programme. The most relevant examples of projects in relation to

the following key issues were selected:

> Modelling and Scenarios

> Direct and External Costs

> Policy Instruments and Governance

> Social Acceptability and Human Behaviour

The most recent projects, especially those under the Sixth Framework Programme, are cross-cutting and cover

therefore several of the above-mentioned issues.

This publication is intended to provide general information on EC socio-economic research and results to both the

scientific community as well as a wider audience including public sector, non governmental organisations and

business stakeholders.

5


R&D for SD Modelling R&D for sustainable development 12

TranSust Modelling the Transition to Sustainable Economic Structures 13

MINIMA SUD Methodologies for Integrating Impact Assessment in the Field of Sustainable Development 14

ProPaCC Packaging And Promotion Of Community Climate Change Socio-Economic,

Energy, and Technology Research 15

MOSUS Modelling Opportunities and Limits for Restructuring Europe towards Sustainability 16

MIRAGES Macro-modelling of interdependencies and R&D to assess greenhouse

gas emissions control strategies 18

TiGrESS Time-geographical Approaches to Emergence and Sustainable Societies 19

HarmoniCA Harmonised Modelling Tools for Integrated Basin Management 20

SAPIENTIA Systems Analysis for Progress and Innovation in Energy Technologies for Integrated Assessment 21

MIDAIR Greenhouse Gas Mitigation for Organic and Conventional Dairy Production 22

VLEEM 2 Very Long Term Energy-Environment Model Phase 2: Assessment of energy RTD strategies

for sustainability 24

DYN-GEM-E3 The Dynamics of Innovation and Investment and its Impact on Policy Design in

Energy and Environment for a Sustainable Growth in Europe 25

NEMESIS-ETC New Econometric Model for Environment and Strategies Implementation for

Sustainable development/Endogenous Technical Change 26

Cascade Mints Case Study Comparisons and Development of Energy Models for Integrated Technology Systems 27

GREEN-X Deriving Optimal Promotion Strategies for Increasing the Share of Res-E in

a Dynamic European Electricity Market 28

WETO H2 World Energy Technology Outlook-2050 29

PLANELEC-FUS Potential role of fusion in long-term electricity scenarios worldwide:

a quantitative evaluation with a least cost electric generation model 30

TIMES FUS Potential contribution of fusion to global long-term energy environment scenarios:

a quantitative assessment by means of technology rich multi-regional partial equilibrium models 31

EXPEDITE EXpert-system based PrEdictions of Demand for Internal Transport in Europe 32

THINK UP Thematic network to understand mobility prediction 33

IASON Integrated Appraisal of Spatial economic and Network effects of

transport investments and policies 34

TIPMAC Transport infrastructure and policy: a macroeconomic analysis for the EU 35

DATELINE Design and Application of a Travel Survey for European

Long-distance Trips Based on an International Network of Expertise 36

ETIS-LINK, ETIS-BASE, ETIS-AGENT European Transport policy Information System 37

TRANS-TOOLS TOOLS for TRansport forecasting ANd Scenario testing 38

Contents


MODELLING AND SCENARIOS

6


SusTools Tools for Sustainability: development and application of an integrated framework 40

RED Review of Externalities Data 42

AQUALIBRIUM European Water Management Between Regulation and Competition 43

METHODEX Methods and Data on Environmental and Health Externalities: Harmonising

and Sharing of Operational Estimates 44

ESPREME Estimation of willingness-to-pay to reduce risks of exposure to heavy metals

and cost-benefit analysis for reducing heavy metals occurrence in Europe 46

EXTERNE-POL Externalities of Energy: Extension of accounting framework and Policy Applications 48

DIEM Dissemination and Discussion of the ExternE Methodology and Results 49

ELCGRID-FUS Possible contribution of fusion base load power to future electricity grids 50

R&DVAL-FUS Net Present Value of fusion: cumulative R&D costs and long-term revenues 51

MAXIMA Dissemination of external costs of electricity supply – Making electricity

external costs known to policy-makers 52

EXWASTE-FUS Review of environmental impacts and external costs of fusion in scenarios including

the full closure of the cycle 53

RECORDIT Real Cost Reduction of Door-to-door Intermodal Transport 54

UNITE UNIfication of accounts and marginal costs for Transport Efficiency 55

MC-ICAM Implementation of Marginal Cost Pricing

in Transport – Integrated Conceptual and Applied Model Analysis 56

IMPRINT-EUROPE Implementing Pricing Reform in Transport – Effective Use of Research on Pricing in Europe 57

Contents


DIRECT AND EXTERNAL COSTS

7


POPA-CTDA Policy Pathways to Promote the Development and Adoption of Cleaner Technologies 60

Sustainability A-Test Advanced Techniques For Evaluation Of Sustainability Assessment Tools 62

RISCOM II Enhancing transparency and public participation in nuclear waste management 64

Demos Democratic Participation in Urban Governance 65

MANTRA-East Integrated strategies for the management of transboundary waters

on the Eastern European fringe – The pilot study of Lake Peipsi and its drainage basin 66

EUROMARKET Water liberalisation scenarios An empirical analysis of the evolution of

European water supply and sanitation sectors 68

INNESTO Instruments and networks for developing logistics towards sustainable territorial objectives 69

REGIONET Thematic Network: Strategies for Regional Sustainable Development.

An integrated Approach beyond Best Practices 70

HOMESERVICES Benchmarking Sustainable Services for the Housing Sector in the City of Tomorrow 71

LASALA / Local Evaluation 21: Local Agenda 21 self-assessment for local authorities on-line

LASALA-ONLINE 72

PAYT Variable rate pricing based on pay-as-you-throw as a tool of urban waste management 73

RELIEF Environmental relief potential of urban action on avoidance

and detoxification of waste streams through green public procurement 74

TOOLSUST The involvement of stakeholders to develop and implement tools

for sustainable households in the city of tomorrow 75

EURENDEL Technology and Social Visions for Europe’s Energy Future – A Europe wide Delphi Study 76

CDMEDI Promoting and financing clean development mechanism renewable energy

projects in the Mediterranean region 77

SUSTELNET Policy and Regulatory Roadmaps for the Integration of Distributed Generation

and the Development of Sustainable Electricity Networks 78

HyNet A Platform for Hydrogen Energy in Europe 79

RISKGOV Comparative analysis of Risk Governance for Radiological and

Chemical Discharges of Industrial Installations 80

ERICA Environmental Risk from Ionising Contaminants: Assessment and Management 81

SESSA The European Regulation Forum on Electricity Reforms 82

BOB Benchmarking of Benchmarking 83

BEST Benchmarking European Sustainable Transport 84

SPECTRUM Study of Policies regarding Economic instruments Complementing

Transport Regulation and the Undertaking of Physical Measures 85

SUMMA SUstainable Mobility, policy Measures and Assessments 86

HEATCO Developing harmonised European Approaches for Transport Costing and Project Assessment 87

TRANSFORUM Scientific forum on transport forecast validation and policy assessment 88

Contents


POLICY INSTRUMENTS & GOVERNANCE

8


HarmoniCOP Harmonising Collaborative Planning 90

KASSA Knowledge Assessment and Sharing on Sustainable Agriculture 92

ACCEPTH2 Public Acceptance of Hydrogen Transport Technologies 94

EVATECH Information requirements and countermeasure evaluation

techniques in nuclear emergency management 95

FARMING Food and Agriculture Restoration Management Involving Networked Groups 96

PUBLICAWA-FUS A long-term strategy for raising public awareness of fusion

and providing feedback to the fusion R&D community 97

AWASTUD-FUS Awareness of energy systems and fusion in schools across Europe 98

FOCUSGR-FUS Fusion and public risk perception in German speaking countries:

empirical evidence from inclusive deliberative methods 99

CROSS-CUTTING

I.Q. TOOLS Indicators and Quantitative Tools for Improving the Impact Assessment Process for Sustainability 102

INSEA Integrated Sink Enhancement Assessment 104

MULTAGRI Capitalisation of Research Results on the Multifunctionality of Agriculture and Rural Areas 106

UGIS Urban Development Programmes, Urban Governance, Inclusion and Sustainability 108

PROMPT New means to Promote Pedestrian Traffic in Cities 109

SUREURO SUREURO - sustainable refurbishment Europe 110

NEEDS New Energy Externalities Developments for Sustainability 112

PROPOLIS Planning and Research of Policies for Land Use and Transport for Increasing Urban Sustainability 114

Accronyms index 115

Contents


SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR

9


MODELLING AND SCENARIOS



Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe Lisbon strategic objective for the European Union to “become the most competitive and

dynamic knowledge based economy in the world capable of sustainable growth” necessitated

analysis tools for the people in charge of economic policies. The project objectives were:

> To describe sustainable development scenario with the NEMESIS econometric model> To define policy instruments that allow predefined goals to be reached> To assess the cost of sustainable development policies.

Emphasis was placed on the role of R&D, innovation and knowledge diffusion in reaching goals

of sustainable development. The usual set of sustainable development indicators was extended

to technological variables and the European Econometric Model was extended to the USA and

Japan as two major innovative countries. An attempt was made to assess the cost for Europe of

sustainable development policies without any USA commitment, for in this case, other countries

would be penalised because the R&D trajectory of the major innovative countries is not adapted

to sustainable development.

Description of WorkThe work was divided into four main tasks. The first consisted in defining all the concepts and

their measurement useful in obtaining research, defining on the one hand, sustainable

development indicators, and the other, building the database for the USA and Japan. Three

different types of indicators were defined:

> Economic, such as per capita GDP, employment and unemployment rates, economic growth

and rate of competitiveness > Scientific, such as R&D expenditure, stock of knowledge and knowledge externalities > Environmental, such as emission level and concentration of CO2, NOX SOX and other

greenhouse gases.

The second task was devoted to extending the NEMESIS model, i.e. developing endogenous

growth mechanisms to the USA and Japan in NEMESIS models, then reshaping the environmental

module to ensure the coherency between endogenous technical change based on R&D decisions

and econometrically estimated at a sectoral level (top down approach) with a bottom up

approach based on R&D Available Technology insertion and learning curves for consumption

of energy. Finally new developments were integrated into the whole model and validated using

analytical simulations. Once validation had been completed, a base line scenario was defined

for twenty years incorporating projection for exogenous variables taking into account all the

new developments in international negotiations, to determine a baseline forecast and finally

assess the sustainable development indicators. The final task involved implementing scenarios

for sustainable development, defining policy instruments and assessing the costs for reaching

sustainable development scenarios.

Expected Results> Updating of NEMESIS econometric model and extension to the USA and Japan> New integration of Endogenous Technical Change in NEMESIS environmental module> Better understanding of mechanisms for R&D, innovation and diffusion of knowledge,

that might be involved in sustainable development> Description of scenarios of sustainable development, at a detailed sectoral level

for sixteen European countries and the USA and Japan> An assessment of related policy instrument costs

Modelling R&D for sustainable development (R&D for SD)

M O D E L L I N G A N D S C E N A R I O S

CONTRACT: EVG1-CT-2002-00084EC CONTRIBUTION: €436,440STARTING DATE: 01/03/2003DURATION: 24 months

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Nikolaos CHRISTOFORIDESPhone: +32 2 29 90695Fax: +32 2 29 50656e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORMr Paul ZAGAMECentrale Recherche S.A.Lab. Erasme, Ecole Centralede ParisGrande Voie des VignesF-92295 - CHATENAY-MALABRYPhone: +33 1 45565004Fax: +33 1 45565449e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> Bureau Fédéral du Plan,

Brussels, Belgium> Centre d’Observation

Economique, Paris, France> National Technical

University of Athens,Greece

12


Modelling the Transition to Sustainable Economic Structures (TranSust)

Objectivesand Problems to be solved

This project aims to identify and build up a network of excellence that provides a

communication platform for researchers interested in modelling the transition to sustainable

economic structures.

Hardly any of the currently available models can claim that they have fully incorporated the

essential elements needed to provide a coherent and comprehensive analysis of the policy

options for the transition to sustainable economic structures.

The project is designed to evaluate the current state of modelling in the framework of this

innovative economic paradigm, to bridge the gap between new developments – as the

interaction of technological change and stocks of capital – relevant for sustainability and their

implementation in models, and to identify and stimulate future research tasks in modelling from

a sustainability perspective.

Description of WorkTranSust provides a communication platform for researchers interested in modelling the transition

to sustainable economic structures. Based on the experience with existing models the following

issues are addressed:

> sharing of information about existing models in a peer review:

The theoretic frameworks on which the major available models are based are compared. In

order to prepare a future modelling framework, the strengths and weaknesses of existing

models in addressing issues of sustainability are identified.

> assessing the comparative advantages of various model designs:

Based on a list of policy issues, the ability of the available models to handle these tasks are

investigated. Strengths and limitations of available models with regard to specific policy

questions thus become visible.

> identifying research tasks for modelling sustainable economic structures:

The reliability and sensitivity of different models with respect to a few crucial features are

tested. Among other things, this involves looking at technological change, risk perception

and co-benefits. Recent contributions from economic theory, in particular on technological

change and capital theory, are analysed for their potential to improve the modelling of

the transition to sustainable economic structures.

Expected ResultsThe project activities are expected to provide guidelines as to which economic structures

are able to support Union policies that generate economic welfare without creating

burdens on social, economic, and environmental resources.

CONTRACT: EVG3-2002-00507EC CONTRIBUTION: € 294,419STARTING DATE: 01/02/2003DURATION: 36 months

http://www.transust.org


COORDINATORStefan P. SCHLEICHERAustrian Institute ofEconomic Research (WIFO) and University of GrazArsenal, Object 20A-1103 VIENNAPhone: +43 676 591 3150Fax: +43 1 798 9386e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> Zentrum für Europäische

WirtschaftsforschungGmbH, Germany

> Institute for EnvironmentalSystems Research (USF),

> University of Osnabrueck,Germany

> Kiel Institute of WorldEconomics (IfW), Germany

> Fondazione Eni EnricoMattei (FEEM), Italy

> Energy Research Centre ofthe Netherlands (ECN)

> Institute for EnvironmentalStudies (IVM), The Netherlands

> Lodz Institute for Forecastingand Economic Analyses(LIFEA), Poland

> Centro de EstudiosEconómicos Tomillo S.L.(CEET), Spain

> Cambridge Econometrics (CE),United Kingdom

> Centre International deRecherche sur l'Environnementet le Développement (CIRED),France

13


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe main scientific objectives of MINIMA-SUD are: defining measurable sustainability indices

covering widely disparate sustainable development concerns, identifying common instruments

that can be used to promote sustainability in different domains, modelling the complete path

from instrument application to impact on the sustainability indicator using large models,

devising direct and indirect ways of measuring costs of implementation of policies, quantifying

the risks attached to the efficacy of the application of instruments using stochastic models,

building a decision support tool capable of exploring policy priorities in a quest of minimising

risks and maximising the economic, environmental, energy, health and physical environment

benefits derived from their implementation, and finally carrying out policy exploration and

devising systematic methods of exploring options in a multi-objective stochastic environment.

Description of WorkA wide range of sustainable development indicators are included, covering most of the key areas

such as climate change, health concerns, pressure on natural resources, transport congestion, social

exclusion and regional imbalances. More traditional economic performance indicators are also

included in order to constrain the exploration to economically efficient solutions. Then,

appropriate policy instruments for influencing sustainability indicators are defined, most of them

relating to fiscal measures, standards and R&D actions.

An essential element is to provide tools for representing the entire chain from instrument to

indicator, for each key sustainability area. The analytical chain provides the expected impacts of

a given application of an instrument. This is achieved through the use of large-scale models that

are designed to perform a wide range of analytical tasks.

As a next step, the costs of applying specific instruments are evaluated. This is essential for policy

integration exercises, as it provides the coefficients used on the “budget” constraint.

Stochastic modelling finally provides the probability distributions of the impacts of instruments

on the sustainability indicators. The main result provides the variance co-variance elements for

these impacts.

Impact analysis is conducted by introducing a series of “shocks” on the instruments using the

large models and the stochastic module in order to provide impacts as required for the policy

integration tool.

At the heart of the approach lies the construction of a tool for policy integration. The tool

offers a large number of possibilities for policy exploration by enabling the construction of

pay-off curves. In the presence of divergent policy mixes, “compromise” solutions are

obtained by using rules and methods developed for multiple criteria optimisation.

Expected ResultsThis project demonstrates a methodology opening the way to meaningful integration in

the difficult field of sustainable development. The policy tool developed performs

integrated policy analysis in a novel way for this type of issue and allows for the

exploration of options under real-world conditions and uncertainties, in order to arrive

at realistic policy mixes of regulatory and economic instruments applied in the pursuit

of sustainability objectives.

Methodologies for Integrating Impact Assessment in theField of Sustainable Development (MINIMA SUD)


CONTRACT: EVG3-2001-00027EC CONTRIBUTION: €620,376STARTING DATE: 1/11/2002DURATION: 24 Months


COORDINATORProf. Pantelis CAPROSInstitute of Communicationsand Computer Systems ofNational Technical Universityof AthensE3M -Lab9, Iroon Politechniou str GR-15773 AthensPhone: +30 210 7723641Fax: +30 210 7723630e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> Zentrum für Europäische

WirtschaftsforschungGmbH, Germany

> International Institute forApplied Systems Analysis,Austria

> VITO, Mol, Belgium> Équipe de Recherche en

Analyse des Systèmes etModélisation Économique,France

> Oxford University, UnitedKingdom

> Association pour leDeveloppement desRecherches aupres desUniversites de Grenoble,France

14


Packaging and Promotion of Community Climate ChangeSocio-Economic, Energy, and Technology Research(ProPaCC)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedIn order to address the issue of climate change policy in both the EU and third countries in the

Kyoto context it is necessary to provide input from climate research, in particular the research

that is supported by the European Commission (EC). A number of research projects have been

carried out under the Fifth Framework Programme between 1998 and 2002, addressing issues

related to the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. The objective of the project Packaging

and Promotion of Community Climate Change (ProPaCC) is to structure this research according

to issues mentioned in the Kyoto Protocol. This information about the relevant projects will be

stored in a database (ProPaCC-database) and made available for interested stakeholders via an

internet platform (located at: http://www-iip.wiwi.uni-karlsruhe.de/propacc).

The planning of the EU and Asia workshops will be carried out within the first year. The EU

workshop has the aim to disseminate information about EC research projects in the Kyoto context.

This is mainly done by informing stakeholders about the ProPaCC website where the information

about relevant EC projects is accessible. A second objective is to stimulate discussion about open

issues and the need for further research in that field. Another workshop, to be conducted in Asia,

will bring additional benefit to the ProPaCC project. This workshop aims to disseminate the

information about EC research projects within the Asian regions. Especially flexible mechanisms

shall bridge the gap between interests of the EU and Asian countries in the Kyoto context.

Description of WorkThe project is divided into five workpackages:

Workpackage 1: Construction of the ProPaCC database and implementation of specific Web

pages aimed at diffusing this knowledge database on the Internet. Determination of crucial

criteria to identify relevant EC projects (carried out within the Fifth Framework Programme) that

should be included in the database.

Workpackage 2: Integration of the selected EC projects into the ProPaCC database. Classification

of these projects according to Kyoto relevant issues.

Workpackage 3: Presentation and discussion of the relevant information for the EU climate

change stakeholders (EU workshop).

Workpackage 4: Export of EC research know-how in the field of climate change to Asia.

Organisation of a workshop related to the export of information and to the implementation

of climate policy instruments.

Workpackage 5: Elaboration of synthesis and suggestions for future community research in

the field of climate change.

Expected ResultsThe first major outcome of the project will be the construction of a coherent package of all

relevant EC research activities during the Fifth Framework Programme. This package takes

the form of a knowledge database, structuring EC research according to the issues mentioned

in the Kyoto Protocol. The database provides a brief description of the objectives, approach,

results (if available) and main conclusions of the selected research activities.

The promotion and potential utilisation of climate research in both the EU and Asia will

be the second major outcome of the project. Two workshops (one in the EU and one

in Asia) will be organized in 2004 to address particularly the role of flexible mechanisms

in the climate change policy and their implications for the industry in the EU. Finally,

the conclusions of the workshops and the selection of relevant EC research projects

will be used in order to identify suggestions for future EC priority research in the

context of the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol.


http://www-iip.wiwi.uni-karlsruhe.de/propacc

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Per BACKE-HANSENPhone: +32 2 29 68923Fax: +32 2 29 52097e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATOROtto RENTZFrench-German Institute forEnvironmental Research/Institute for IndustrialProductionUniversity of Karlsruhe(Technische Hochschule)Hertzstrasse 16PF 6980D-76187 KARLSRUHEPhone: +49 721 6084460Fax: +49 721 758909e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur

Förderung derAngewandten Forschunge.V., Munich, Germany

> Energy Research Centre ofthe Netherlands, Petten,The Netherlands

> Risoe National Laboratory,Roskilde, Denmark

> Centre for EnergyEnvironment ResourcesDevelopment, Bangkok,Thailand

15


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThis MOSUS project aims to integrate three major themes of European policies within a

macroeconomic, multi-sectoral framework representing the interrelation of economic, social

and environmental domains. These policy themes are:

> Sustainable development,

> Competitiveness and social cohesion in the knowledge-based society and

> Globalisation and international trade.

The 4 key objectives and targets of this project are:

1. Assessing and quantifying the European use of resources (scale), including “ecological

rucksacks” induced by international trade.

2. Formulating and evaluating sustainability scenarios, linking economic performance with

resource use and environmental deterioration.

3. Refining environmental indicators to assess resource productivities, material and energy

intensities and labour intensities of resource use for the EU.

4. Elaborating policy strategies and actions that reconcile long-term economic development,

international trade and environmental protection.

Description of WorkBased on an existing economic model, this project will develop and apply an integrated ecological-

economic simulation model in order to quantify the interrelations between socio-economic

driving forces and the state of the environment. The analysis will be done within a multi-country,

multi-sectoral macroeconomic framework, including trade flows within Europe as well as

between Europe and all other economically relevant parts of the world. The model will be the

first such tool to directly integrate comprehensive bio-physical data (material and energy flows

as well as land use data) in European and global simulations up to the year 2020 and put them

in relation to structural indicators of social and economic developments.

The work will be carried out in four phases and eight work packages. In Phase 1 (months 1-9,

WP 1) the socio-economic factors will be identified, which are most relevant and responsible

for causing environmental changes. Scenarios will be formulated, which consider key

environmental policy instruments, as listed, for instance, in the 6th Environment Action

Programme of the European Union. Phase 1 will also identify the details of necessary

adaptations of the existing economic model. Note, that WP 1 will last until about month 21

to allow for iterations on scenarios. In Phase 2 (WP 2 and 3), ranging from about month 7-

19, the model will be extended according to the requirements identified in Phase 1 in order

to provide the integrated economic-environmental simulation model. In Phase 3 (months

16-26, WP 4) the model developed in Phase 2 will be used to quantify the current use of

natural resources by European economies and to simulate the scenarios formulated in

Phase 1. In Phase 4 (months 23-36, WP 5, 6 and 7) the scenario results will be evaluated

with regard to their consequences in all three dimensions of sustainability, according to

the principles laid out in the “Sustainability Reporting Guidelines on Economic,


CONTRACT: EVG1-CT-2002-00083EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,250,000STARTING DATE: 01/03/2003DURATION: 36 months

http://www.mosus.net

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Nikolaos CHRISTOFORIDESPhone: +32 2 29 90695Fax: +32 2 29 63024e-mail: nikolaos. [email protected]

COORDINATORMr Günther FISCHERInternational Institute forApplied Systems AnalysisLand Use Change ProjectSchlossplatz 1A-2361 LaxenburgPhone: +43 2236 807292Fax: +43 2236 71313e-mail: [email protected]

Modelling Opportunities and Limits for RestructuringEurope towards Sustainability (MOSUS)

16


Environmental, and Social Performance”, published by the Global Reporting Initiative in

2000. This analysis will deliver best policy measures and actions for contributing towards

sustainability in Europe. Results and recommendations will be disseminated in publications,

through CD-ROMs, and will be presented and discussed in workshops with stakeholders from

civil society. The project co-ordination (WP 8) will operate throughout the entire duration of

the project (months 1-36) and will include regular co-ordination meetings with the members

of the MOSUS management board as well as external scientific and societal advisors.

Expected ResultsSpecific expected results of MOSUS:

> the project will deliver a comprehensive and consistent database on environmental inputs to

European economies as well as to all other economically important countries/regions in the

global economy

> by attributing environmental inputs to final demand categories, disaggregated by countries

and sectors, the project will quantify the physical basis of European economies, including the

indirect flows arising from national and international linkages of production and trade

> analysis of the economic driving forces on material flows and land use in the economies

considered in the simulation model, thus clarifying and quantifying the interrelations in the

“socio-economic driving forces-pressures-environmental impact” chain

> the project will quantify the relation of resource use indicators to socio-economic aggregates

such as GDP and employment, i.e. indicators for resource productivity and labour intensity of

resource use as well as its relation to important emission indicators

> best policy measures will be validated, which will stimulate innovative technologies and

management practises towards higher resource productivity, which is a precondition for

reconciling competitive economic development and continuing economic growth on the one

hand and environmental protection requirements on the other hand

> the model will deliver country specific policy suggestions in particular for Eastern Europe and

indicate development paths, which avoid the type and scale of environmental problems,

which today are faced in many countries of Western Europe

PARTNERS> Department of Geography and

Environment, LSE, London,United Kingdom

> Centro de Investigacao eEstudos de Sociologia, Lisbon,Portugal

> Cendes, National Laboratoryfor Engineering andIndustrial Technology,Lisbon, Portugal

> Sustainable Europe ResearchInstitute, Vienna, Austria

> Gesellschaft fürWirtschaftlicheStrukturforschung mgH,Osnabrück, Germany

> Chair of Theory andAnalyses of EconomicSystems, University of Lodz,Poland

> Institute for SustainableDevelopment, Warzsaw,Poland

> Environment Center,Charles University Prague,Czech Republic

> Austrian Institute forEconomic Research, Vienna,Austria

> Center for InternationalClimate and EnvironmentalResearch, Oslo, Norway

> Centro de InvestigacaoSobre EconomiaPortoguesa, Lisbon,Portugal

17


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe new strategic goal for European countries “to become the most competitive and dynamic

knowledge-based economies in the world capable of sustainable developments” initiated the

imagining of new scenarios for the future in which education, R&D and technological

knowledge would play a reinforced role. The objective of the project is to assess, in terms of

greenhouse gas emissions, R&D, competitiveness, growth, employment, quality of goods and

welfare, market-based environmental policies and R&D policies and then to build prospective

scenarios which comply with the Kyoto agreement and which maximise criteria such as growth,

employment, competitiveness, quality of goods and welfare. To do this new theories on technical

progress and growth have to be taken into consideration.

Description of WorkThe main bulk of the work is based on the use of two Energy-Environment-Economy models: a

General Equilibrium one, GEM-E3, and an econometric one, NEMESIS. These two models are both

detailed sectoral models, but based on two different methodologies: Computable General

Equilibrium with calibration on a base year for the first one, and Econometric for the second,

which is very detailed (30 sectors). These two approaches provide for a better framework of the

reality of phenomena. To assess such policies with the academic requirements of today, it is

necessary for the production bloc to incorporate new developments on endogenous R&D,

innovation of process, policy, quality and spillovers of technological knowledge between activities.

The production bloc incorporates all (for GEM-E3) or partly (for NEMESIS) these properties, but

they must be recalibrated to harmonise their properties in order to have fully comparable results.

The work is organised in the following way:> preparation, including new calibration of endogenous R&D production module and R&D

externalities in both models

> definition and building of a common baseline scenario for the two models

> implementation of price policies (taxation, subsidies, and tradable permits) for greenhouse

gas emissions in the two models for the EU Kyoto compliance. Analysis of results focussing

on R&D, competitiveness and growth, externalities and driving out effects of environmental

policies. Results in terms of quality indexes and welfare for GEM-E3

> implementation of generic of specific R&D policies (subsidies to private R&D) analyses of

results on greenhouse gas emissions, growth and employment. Analyses of driving out

effects and technological spillovers

> building of new sustainable growth scenarios in compliance with the Kyoto Protocol and

which optimise some criteria such as growth, welfare, employment, quality of goods, etc.

Expected ResultsThe innovative character of the proposition lies in the production bloc of the two models

that incorporate new mechanisms derived from new theories on technical progress and

growth (endogenous R&D, innovation of process and quality effect, technological and

knowledge spillovers). The policy cases studied were designed to identify the best policies

in the areas of R&D and inter-sectoral diffusion of technological innovations in the

presence of environmental constraints: they will give new guidance for future medium-

long term E.C. policies in the area of employment, economic growth and environment.

Macro-modelling of interdependencies and R&D toassess greenhouse gas emissions control strategies

(MIRAGES)


CONTRACT: EVG3-CT-2001-80002EC CONTRIBUTION: €293,544STARTING DATE: 1/05/2002DURATION: 18 Months


COORDINATORProf. Paul ZAGAMECentre d’observationEconomique27 Avenue de FriedlandF-75008 ParisTel: +33 1 45565004Fax: +33 1 45565449

PARTNERS> Bureau Fédéral du Plan,

Brussels, Belgium> Société Européenne

d’Economie, Paris, France

18


Time-geographical Approaches to Emergence and Sustainable Societies (TiGrESS)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedTime-Geographical methods provide ways to explore the effects of spatial and temporal

constraints on the behaviour of individuals and to understand how qualitatively new socio-

economic structures emerge at higher scales as a result of individual activity. The ability to

explore and understand the emergence of new and potentially unexpected structures and

dynamics in society will be crucial to Europe’s success in becoming a sustainable society. Time-

Geographical methods are unusual in their emphasis on three obvious truths: the corporeality

of the human condition, that humans live in a geographical space–time that constrains their

actions, and that they are purposive.

The TiGrESS project will evaluate the usefulness of Time-Geographical methods for understanding

the relationships between environmental change and social-economic driving factors. Three

focussed case studies will be undertaken to look at problems of demographics and water resource

planning (along the M11 corridor in the UK), the dynamics of the European urban network (the

whole of Europe) and sustainable agriculture and land-use planning (around Madrid).

Description of Work> A generic tool will be developed for evaluating and analysing the Time-Geographical data. This

software tool, the TiGrESS Proof of Concept System, will be developed by the Consortium and

used to receive, summarise, visualise and explore data from both simulation experiments and

empirical studies. The TiGrESS system will be designed for dual use: both as a means of visualising

data in real-time and for post-processing using dynamic maps and statistical summaries in an

interactive environment.

> The TiGrESS system will be used to undertake three case studies to produce policy-relevant

information and to identify potential pathways to sustainable development through the

examination of a range of relevant multi-sectoral and strategic issues affecting the study areas.

> The impact upon individual researchers of using Time-Geographical methods to explore the

dynamics of environmental change through the socio-economic drivers will be evaluated.

Using accepted elicitation methods, a portfolio of data will be collected consisting of verbal

protocols, process tracing, and pre- and post-process testing to study the development of

scientists’ knowledge bases and conceptual maps.

> We will publish and disseminate the results in a series of four high quality scientific monographs,

one for each case study and one synthetic volume. Relevant regional and national government

decision-makers will be involved as end-users for the results of each case-study.

Expected ResultsTime-Geography is an open area of research in socio-natural science and the development

of integrated tools for Time-Geographical analysis will be a major contribution to European

research in the area of sustainable development. The increasing mobility of populations

within and between countries, globalisation and the pressing concerns of environmental

change and sustainability all cry out for the development of integrated tools that allow

us to make sense of spatio-temporal data. The success of our project under Generic

Action 7.3 will be measured in terms of the way the TiGrESS System makes helpful

insights available to colleagues in a range of policy-relevant fields.

The TiGrESS system will be of generic applicability and the consortium proposes to

use it extensively themselves and to promote its use within ERA and beyond.

CONTRACT: EVG1-CT-2002-00081EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,695,366STARTING DATE: 01/02/2003DURATION: 36 months

http://www.tigress.ac

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Daniel DEYBEPhone: +32 2 29 86656Fax: +32 2 29 50656e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORProf Nick WINDERDepartment of ArchaeologyUniversity of Newcastle uponTyneNE1 7RU Newcastle Upon TyneUnited KingdomTel: +44 191 222 3557Fax: +44 191 222 7112e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> School of Engineering and

Computer Science, ExeterUniversity, United Kingdom

> Research Institute forKnowledge Systems,Maastricht, TheNetherlands

> Departamento de MedioAmbiente, Facultad deCiencias, UniversidadEuropea de Madrid, Spain

> David Lock Associates Ltd,Milton Keynes, UnitedKingdom

> Université de Paris I,Sorbonne, France

> Centre National de laRecherche Scientifique, Paris,France

> Department of EnvironmentalScience and Technology,Imperial College, London,United Kingdom

> School of Water Sciences,Cranfield University, UnitedKingdom

19


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe WFD provides a European policy basis for water management and the elaboration of

policies for river basins. It prescribes the development of river basin management plans focusing

on clearly defined objectives. The preparation of such plans is a difficult and complex task,

since it involves various types of integration and collaboration: the integration of different

physical domains in water management such as hydraulics and ecology; the integration of

socio-economics and physics such as economic water demand and water availability;

collaboration with various stakeholders, policy development and the public; etc. Furthermore

the variety in physical properties, socio-economics, management etc. throughout Europe results

that each basin has its own unique characteristics and makes the development of basin

management plans all but straightforward.

Due to these factors an increasing need is felt for guided use and methodologies of harmonised

high quality computer based tools (ICT-tools) supporting the design of river basin management

plans and the implementation of the WFD. Current water management systems often lack

possibilities for integrated sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, an important necessity when

comparing scenarios for management strategies and identifying factors leading to the success or

failure of alternative policy measures. The consequence is that an integrative water management

focused on whole river basins and considering simultaneously all water users and natural, socio-

economic and legal-political conditions in such basins is not common and consistent throughout

the EU.

Description of WorkThe overall objective of the large scale concerted action 'HarmoniCA' is to create a forum for

unambiguous communication, information exchange and harmonisation of the use and

development of ICT-tools relevant to integrated river basin management, and the

implementation of the WFD.

HarmoniCA is a concerted action, meaning the project's innovation is based on reviewing,

elaborating and synthesising available knowledge, resulting in new insights, achieving a common

understanding of problems, methods and solutions.

Though much of the work involves ICT-tools, HarmoniCA is not about ICT-tools as such:

HarmoniCA is about harmonisation and guidance on proper development and use of ICT-tools

in the light of effective and efficient development of integrated river basin management

plans and the implementation of the WFD.

Expected/Final ResultsThe communication, information exchange and harmonisation are geared towards the

development of a widely accepted, flexible, harmonised modelling toolbox, including ICT-

tools, guidance and methodologies, which can be applied by the various stakeholders in

river basins. HarmoniCA will deliver a framework for harmonising ICT-tools and guidelines

for integrated river basin management.

Harmonised Modelling Tools for Integrated Basin Management (HarmoniCA)


CONTRACT: EVK1-CT-2002-20003EC CONTRIBUTION: €3,792,405STARTING DATE: 01/10/2002DURATION: 60 months

http://www.harmoni-ca.info

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Panagiotis BALABANISPhone: +32 2 29 53630Fax: +32 2 29 52097e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORDr. Wim DE LANGERIZA - Institute for InlandWater Management andWaste Water Treatment,HoofdafdelingWatersystemen; AfdelingLandelijke ZakenZuiderwagenplein 2NL-8200 AA LelystadPhone: + 31 320 298738Fax: + 31 320 298508e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> University of Osnabrück,

Institute of EnvironmentalSystems Research,Osnabrück, Germany

> Geological Survey ofDenmark and Greenland,Department of Hydrology,Copenhagen, Denmark

> Ghent University, Biomath,Ghent, Belgium

> Potsdam Institute forClimate Impact Research,Globaler Wandel undNatürliche Systeme, Potsdam,Germany

20


Systems Analysis for Progress and Innovation in EnergyTechnologies for Integrated Assessment (SAPIENTIA)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedSAPIENTIA deals with technology dynamics and the impact of R&D actions on technological

developments. It employs methodologies based on energy systems analysis in order to capture

all the key interactions. Building on previous research on power generation technologies, it

extends to cover non-power technologies and to address sustainable development concerns

and indicators. It analyses both medium and longer-term technology prospects and, in this way,

expands the number of R&D options considered. Going beyond modelling energy technology

dynamics, the project involves the construction of an R&D decision support tool capable of

performing portfolio analysis in the face of multiple “traditional” and sustainable development

objectives. This tool permits the interconnection of impacts of R&D actions and takes into account

their uncertain nature. Methodologies are developed to enable its interactive use by non-expert

decision-makers.

Description of WorkThe project involves the identification of candidate technologies and the collection of technical-

economic and R&D expenditure data concerning them, in many cases using innovative indirect

methods. Using such data it estimates ‘learning by experience’ and ‘learning by research’ relations

that will be incorporated into all the analytical tools used in the project. Appropriate measurable

sustainable development indicators covering the areas of energy CO2 emissions, climate change,

health concerns, pressure on natural resources, transport congestion, measures of social exclusion

and regional imbalances are identified and the energy models are extended so as to incorporate

the whole chain from R&D actions on specific technologies to impacts on these indicators. In order

to cover longer-term analysis, the horizon of world energy models is extended. Such extensions

involve re-designing model mechanisms. A stochastic model incorporating all the changes to the

large-scale models in a reduced form is developed within the project enabling the measurement

of uncertainties and their interconnections. This model is used for providing the essential

stochastic input to the decision support tool.

The stochastic together with the large-scale models are applied to perform extensive experiments

in the form of R&D “shocks” and after suitable analytical treatment the results are used to

provide the essential parameters of the decision support tool. This tool is then used for carrying

out “real life” R&D portfolio exploration.

Expected ResultsSAPIENTIA delivers a rich set of data and analysis on key energy technologies and the interplay

involving energy and RTD policy, sustainable development and technological improvement.

The project deliverables include analytical results on R&D priorities, portfolio allocation and

innovation policy, energy and emission developments (for the EU and the World), and

analytical quantified results illustrating mechanisms of induced technological progress.

SAPIENTIA assists policy makers and stakeholders in understanding the potential of R&D

in addressing sustainable development concerns within an integrated assessment

framework.

CONTRACT: ENK6-CT-2002-00615EC CONTRIBUTION: €540,600STARTING DATE: 01/10/2002DURATION: 24 months

http://www.E3MLAB.NTUA.GR/SAPIENTIA.html

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Domenico ROSSETTI diVALDALBEROPhone: +32 2 29 62811Fax: +32 2 29 94991e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORPantelis CAPROS andNikolaos KOUVARITAKISICCS-NTUA E3M-LAB42 Patission streetGR-10682 AthensPhone: +302 10 772 36 41Fax: +302 10 772 36 30e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria> CNRS/IEPE, Grenoble,

France> ECN, Petten, The Netherlands> IER, Stuttgart, Germany> PSI, Villigen, Switzerland> KUL, Leuven, Belgium

21


Objectives and Problems to be solvedAs part of the post-Kyoto process, greenhouse gas mitigation options within agriculture must

be explored. MIDAIR aims to identify region and system specific, cost-effective GHG mitigation

measures and strategies for organic and conventional dairy production in Europe.

When the MIDAIR project was planned, a description of GHG emissions from dairy production

did not exist at the level of resolution needed to complete this analysis, and therefore the first

phase of MIDAIR was designed to provide this information. In the second project phase, region

and system specific models of dairy production were investigated to identify cost-effective

mitigation measures and strategies. Both experimental and modelling work were essential to

achieve these goals.

Current recommendations for GHG mitigation within agriculture focus on technical measures

with a single-gas approach. This strategy is, however, not able to predict side effects on other

GHG species or other environmental side-effects, nor does it necessarily identify the most cost-

effective solutions since it addresses individual sources rather than the entire production system.

The model approach was therefore expected to provide an improved basis for practical and

policy-oriented decisions concerning greenhouse gas mitigation.

Description of WorkThe work of MIDAIR was organised in two phases: Phase 1 was to quantify current GHG emissions

from representative model dairy farms under organic and conventional management for five

different regions across Europe. Experimental studies of methane and nitrous oxide emissions

were conducted to provide supportive data and with respect to emission factors, and for validation

of model results. In phase 2 different scenarios for GHG mitigation were then explored based

on region-specific model parameters, and the effects of different mitigation options were

evaluated. Targeted process studies investigated the mitigation potential of specific management

practices. Mitigation measures were used to develop mitigation recommendations which also

take socio-economic and environmental side-effects into account. GHG mitigation measures are

currently discussed with reference to single-gas species, technical feasibility and costs on a

European scale. To date, no study has integrated environmental side effects on other GHG

species or atmospheric pollutants. MIDAIR aimed to characterise technical, management-related

and systemic mitigation measures by their overall GHG mitigation efficiency, environmental

trade-offs and socio-economic implications, and intended to recommend efficient and cost-

effective strategies on a farm and region level.


CONTRACT: EVK2-CT-2000-00096EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,598,631.50STARTING DATE: 01/05/2001DURATION: 36 months

www.ie-leipzig.de/midair.html


COORDINATORAchim WEISKEInstitute for Energy andEnvironmentTorgauer Strasse 116D-04347 LeipzigTel: +49 341 2434419Fax: +49 341 2434433e-mail:[email protected]

Greenhouse Gas Mitigation for Organic andConventional Dairy Production (MIDAIR)

22


Expected ResultsA significant output of the MIDAIR project is that farm-level GHG emissions are strongly

related to the N surplus of the production, irrespective of whether farm management is organic

or conventional. The N surplus reflects livestock density and thus the intensity of the production

system. This points to extensification as an effective GHG mitigation strategy to reduce the

emissions per area, which would also be in compliance with the recent CAP reforms that seek

to de-couple subsidies and production volume, but a general extensification would also reduce

the agricultural production, and the results indicate that farm N use efficiency is a good indicator

of GHG emissions per milk or meat production. An increase in farm N use efficiency can be

obtained through a closer N cycle on the farm and by increasing productivity of animals and

crops.

These options for better management will also reduce GHG emissions. The MIDAIR project has

presented an integrated analysis of C and N cycling as influenced by management, and it has

provided experimental verification for emission factors used in the description of model farms.

The approach has proved to be valuable for evaluating the impact of mitigation strategies at the

farm level and on a regional scale. MIDAIR identified region and system specific, cost-effective

GHG mitigation measures and strategies for organic and conventional dairy production in Europe.

Scenarios with different technical, management-related and system-oriented changes in dairy

production were explored and related to abatement costs, socio-economic barriers and

environmental side-effects. Cost-effective GHG mitigation recommendations at the regional and

dairy production level were elaborated. The GHG mitigation potentials for all dairy regions in

Europe were quantified by up-scaling and agronomic, environmental and socio-economic

consequences of complete or partial adoption were assessed.

PARTNERS> Institute for Energy and

Environment, Leipzig, Germany> Danish Institute of

Agricultural Sciences, Tjele,Denmark

> Silsoe Research Institute,Bedford, United Kingdom

> Institute of Grassland andEnvironmental Research,North Wyke, United Kingdom

> Agrifood Research Finland,Jokioinen, Finland

> Netherlands EnergyResearch Foundation,Petten, The Netherlands

> Institute of Agricultural andEnvironmental Engineering,Wageningen, The Netherlands

> Research Centre of AnimalProduction, Reggio Emilia,Italy

> French Institute ofAgricultural andEnvironmentalEngineering, Rennes,France

> Institute of Plant Nutrition,University of Bonn,Germany

> Federal AgriculturalResearch Centre,Braunschweig, Germany

> Chalmers University ofTechnology, Trollhättan,Sweden

> Federal Research Institutefor Agriculture in AlpineRegions, Gumpenstein,Austria

> Inst. Agric. Environ. EnergyEngineering, University ofAgricultural Sciences, Vienna,Austria

> GAIA Environmental Researchand Education Centre,Goulandris Natural HistoryMuseum/Gaia Center, Kifissia,Greece

> Inst. Soil Biology, Czech Acad.Sci,. Ceske Budejovice, CzechRepublic

> Institute of Energy Economicsand the Rational Use of Energy,Stuttgart, Germany

23


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe discussions held among EU experts in preparation for the 6th Framework Programme, as

well as the research priorities indicated by the Congress of the World Energy Council, clearly

show both the necessity to enlarge the time horizon of prospective studies up to 2100, and

the necessity to revisit the usual modelling tools for this purpose.

The VLEEM project has been designed to meet these challenges, combining two methodological

innovations: a back-casting approach and a re-foundation of the energy-environment modelling

structures. Up until now, it has produced an analytical and conceptual framework, a skeleton

model and a validation of the approach on preliminary case-studies.

The objectives of the second phase are

> to enhance the overall VLEEM system according to a wider definition of sustainability

> to produce a comprehensive, fully documented and user friendly model,

> to assess actual energy RTD issues in relation to current energy-environment policies.

Description of WorkThe work programme is built around five main work packages:

1) Enhancement and extension of the conceptual and analytical framework of the demand sub-

model: sustainability criteria, economic growth, future transport system, economic exchanges

and energy trade among world regions and improvement of the data system.

2) Development of the DACES module for long-term conventional energy demand-side and

supply-side technologies, coupling with the VLEEM framework and with the calibration of the

POLES model for mid-point (2050).

3) Further assessment of new and innovative technologies already considered in VLEEM,

assessment of additional new and innovative technologies related to energy demand and

supply, accounting for endogenous technological learning (ETL).

4) VLEEM mathematical and software development towards a comprehensive computerised

model, with a user friendly front-end.

5) Assessment of energy RTD strategies, consistent with on-going and foreseeable energy-

environment policy options. This work package will include the “bridging” work between

VLEEM, POLES and DACES-2050.

Expected ResultsThree main results are expected from the project:

> a series of monographs on new and innovative energy technologies likely to contribute to

sustainability

> a computer model in which all the theoretical and methodological innovations developed

in the VLEEM project with regards to very long-term modelling will be formalised

> a report highlighting opportunities, challenges and strategies in energy RTD towards

sustainability in the very long-term

The exploitation of these results will take three forms:

> development of a Website which will make available all deliverables from the project:

report, data accesses, literature, etc.

> participation of VLEEM consortium partners in events (seminars, conferences, working

groups, networks, etc) dealing with similar questions

> organisation of events where the key messages from VLEEM results for national

and EU stakeholders in energy RTD policy design and implementation (joint

conference with SAPIENTIA, national seminars, etc.) will be delivered.

Very Long Term Energy-Environment Model Phase 2: Assessment of energy RTD strategies

for sustainability (VLEEM 2)


CONTRACT: ENG1-CT-2002-00645EC CONTRIBUTION: €558,317STARTING DATE: 1/10/2002DURATION: 24 Months

http://www.vleem.org


CoordinatorBertrand CHATEAUENERDATAAvenue de Vignate, 2F-38610 Gieres/GrenoblePhone: +33 4 76 42 25 46Fax: +33 4 76 51 61 45e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Max Planck Institut,

Garching, Germany> ECN, Petten,

The Netherlands> FZJ, Jülich, Germany> VPL, Klagenfurt, Austria> UU, Utrecht, The Netherlands

24


The Dynamics of Innovation and Investment and itsImpact on Policy Design in Energy and Environment for aSustainable Growth in Europe (DYN-GEM-E3)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedThis project seeks to improve the modelling of the dynamics of innovation and investment in

an applied general equilibrium model and to evaluate its impact for the design of energy and

environmental policies. The endogenous process of innovation will be enhanced to cover a

greater variety of processes and their pathways. A vintage approach for capital, combined with

a 'perfect foresight' dynamic framework, will be introduced for a more correct evaluation of

the transition costs and of the implications of time flexibility in policies in terms of cost/benefits.

Alternative policy options for issues high on the EU agenda will be explored with the expanded

model.

Description of WorkOn the modelling side, the dynamic framework of investment decisions will be developed. It

focuses on the vintage of capital and on the intertemporal dimension. A vintage approach for

capital, assuming putty-clay factor substitution will be implemented allowing a better

representation of the substitution possibilities between production factors, embodied and

disembodied technical change and the penetration of new technologies. For the intertemporal

dimension of the model, a ‘perfect foresight’ dynamic framework will be implemented. It will

allow the transition costs to be measured (inter-sectoral adjustments and inter-regional) which

can be significant relative to long-term gains, especially for energy and environment-related

issues involving policy interference over longer time periods. Another aspect in model

development concentrates on a further endogenisation of technical change. The question of

biased versus neutral technical progress will be explored and the importance of disembodied

technical change. For the electricity sector, for which an engineering representation of the

production process is implemented, a more micro-economic approach will be explored. Learning

curve relationships will be introduced in the model in order to capture better the dynamics of

technical progress. On a more general level for the development of mutually coherent

technologies, the impact of learning on a global level will be explored by modelling the choice

of research projects. The uncertainty linked to the outcome of research projects will be taken

into account.

On the policy side, the project will explore what are the lessons from these developments in

terms of policy design by comparing the outcomes for a certain number of policies under the

different specifications. Moreover, the model with the new specifications will be used to look

at specific issues on the EU agenda (energy efficiency, renewables, climate change and R&D).

Expected ResultsThe GEM-E3 model has been frequently used in the past by the project partners for policy-

oriented research activities. The new model developments will widen the scope for

interesting issues and therefore the range of potentially interested organisations. The

multi-purpose nature of GEM-E3 (national, EU-wide, world wide applications, endogenous

innovation, alternative assumptions about expectations of agents, new instruments, etc.)

makes it an appropriate tool for the evaluation of policies in many domains, also outside

energy and environment. The results of the project will be published in academic

journals and presented at international and national workshops and conferences

(including national and international organisations/authorities).


www.gem-e3.net

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Domenico ROSSETTI diVALDALBEROPhone: + 32 2 29 62811Fax: + 32 2 29 94991e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORStefan PROOST and Denise VAN REGEMORTERKULNaamsestraat, 69B-3000 LeuvenPhone: +32 16 326 801Fax: +32 16 326 910e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> PSI, Villigen, Switzerland> ICCS-NTUA, Athens, Greece> UM-MERIT, Maastricht, The

Netherlands> ZEW, Mannheim, Germany> CRSA/ERASME, Châtenay-

Malabry, France

25


Objectives and Problems to be solvedRecent results of theoretical and empirical modelling suggest that recognising the endogenous

nature of technological change (ETC) modifies the impact of energy-related policies on both

environment and economy. With an analysis of ETC a new perspective is given on the potential

importance of environmental policy instruments. Models with ETC have only recently emerged

as the appropriate way to address sustainability questions; for this reason they require major

development to allow for a proper analysis of energy-related policies and technological

transitions. The project will develop new insights for technological change in different families

of applied models: econometric, general equilibrium and technico-economic ones. The aim is to

develop and obtain an econometric model with endogenous technical progress, and to review

and compare different approaches with general equilibrium models in order to develop a new

method grounded on top-down and bottom-up analysis.

Description of WorkThe project will use different approaches in order to develop insights into how to encourage

technological transformation towards non carbon emitting production and growth: endogenous

technical progress in econometric models, in applied general equilibrium models, bottom up

technological approach etc. The study will be illustrated by case studies.

The NEMESIS model is built on the former E3ME model Database, which showed some weaknesses

and needs improvement leading to a re-estimation of the model.

Nowadays the economic mechanisms of the neo-keynesian model are no longer in compliance

with the new macro-economic synthesis; ETC mechanisms must be incorporated and the supply

side of the model must be adapted.

The NEMESIS model will be improved to evaluate energy case studies, particularly the abatement

of CO2 emissions for all agents, and the electricity production sector which represents a

substantial part of CO2 emissions.

Taking into account the existing work already achieved in technico-economic and applied

general equilibrium models (DEMETER, FUND, RICE, etc.) and with a view to analysing the

robustness of policy recommendations, a detailed comparison of results of different models

will be made, especially for evaluating the impacts of clean technologies and of environmental

policies.

Expected ResultsThis project analyses the strategic socio-economic consequences of generic policy-induced

technological change: to what extent can market opportunities be created, for example, in

the form of the utilisation of existing niche markets or the conception of new ones? What

is the improvement of competitiveness of non-carbon technologies? These questions will

include a detailed assessment of current and future energy production cost targets, as

well as the market size, pricing and potential sales of new environment-friendly electricity

technologies, (expressed in terms of a reduction of pollutants and greenhouse gas

emissions).

New Econometric Model for Environment and StrategiesImplementation for Sustainable development/Endogenous Technical Change (NEMESIS-ETC)


CONTRACT: ENG2-CT2001-00538EC CONTRIBUTION: €960,978STARTING DATE: 01/01/2002DURATION: 30 Months

http://www.nemesis-model.net

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Domenico ROSSETTI diVALDALBEROPhone: +32 2 29 62811Fax: +32 2 29 [email protected]

COORDINATORPaul ZAGAMECRSA/ERASMEEcole Centrale de ParisGrande voie des vignesF-92295 Châtenay-MalabryPhone: +33 1 41 13 13 Fax: +33 [email protected]

PARTNERS> BFP, Brussels, Belgium> CCIP, Paris, France> ICCS/NTUA, Athens, Greece> CESI, Milano, Italy> VU/IUM, Amsterdam, The

Netherlands> FEEM, Milano, Italy> Uni-HH, Hamburg, Germany

26


Case Study Comparisons and Development of EnergyModels for Integrated Technology Systems (Cascade Mints)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedHydrogen Technologies are perhaps the only generic technology that can transform the whole

energy system. Most detailed energy models until now treat hydrogen as one of the options

but are generally inadequate in simulating a potential complete transformation towards a

hydrogen-based economy. This project aims at providing such modelling capability in view of

analysing the technology dynamics in conjunction with appropriate policies, notably R&D efforts

that could facilitate such a transformation. By means of model-based scenarios the timing, extent

and possible obstacles to such a transition are identified while its likelihood is assessed.

Another aim of the project is to use a wide range of models under harmonised conditions in

order to derive robust conclusions on the extent to which policies fostering the development

and deployment of hydrogen and fuel cells, CO2 capture and storage, renewables and nuclear

energy can contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on imports.

Description of WorkExisting models are extended and radically re-designed so as to describe all possible configurations

of a hydrogen economy including all demand categories where fuel cells can be used as well as the

different options for producing, distributing and storing hydrogen from different primary sources.

The models are used to analyse scenarios assuming favourable trajectories for the technical and

economic characteristics of hydrogen-related technologies (both on the demand and supply side).

Special attention is placed on technology clusters where particular breakthroughs may produce

cumulative effects. Technology dynamics mechanisms are incorporated into the models to enable

them to perform R&D policy simulations (increase in R&D effort produces improvements leading

to higher technology adoption and hence to further improvements through experience gained

in a virtuous learning circle). Stochastic modelling is undertaken to allow a systematic assessment

of the likelihood of different paths towards a hydrogen-dominated energy system.

In analysing the robustness of responses to policies a wide range of detailed energy-economy-

environment models are used. Some harmonisation of assumptions is achieved early in the

project in order to generate broadly comparable reference cases, against which the impact of

policy scenarios is evaluated for each model. The scenarios are carefully designed to enable their

full and identical implementation in as wide a range of models as possible. Results are

subsequently compared, differences explained and a synthesis is elaborated identifying key

policy conclusions.

Expected ResultsThe modelling work on hydrogen will result in a set of extended detailed energy models

capable of a thorough analysis of the prospects of a hydrogen economy both in the medium

and the longer term covering EU countries and the World. In addition it will produce a set

of coherent and quantified visions of future energy system configurations and measures

of the risks associated with them. These results will be useful to policy makers and other

stakeholders concerned with the prospects of the hydrogen economy, especially those

involved in the definition of R&D strategies. It is expected that partners will use the

analytical tools developed in the project to carry out further studies at industry, national

and international level.

The main outcome of model result comparisons will be synthesised in policy reports

addressing the potential role of technologies in promoting sustainable development.

These reports will be published in order to enhance the communication between

model experts and policy-makers and build consensus among main model results.

CONTRACT: SSP6-CT-2003-502445EC CONTRIBUTION: €952.050STARTING DATE: 01/01/2004DURATION: 36 months

http://een.web.psi.ch/projects/cascademints.html

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Domenico ROSSETTI diVALDALBEROPhone: + 32 2 29 62811Fax: +32 2 29 94991e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORProf. Pantelis CAPROS andNilolaos KOUVARITAKISICCS/NTUAE3M-LAB42 Patission streetGR-10682 AthensPhone: +302 10 772 36 41Fax: +302 10 772 36 30e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> ECN, Amsterdam,

The Netherlands> LEPII-EPE, Grenoble, France> IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria> IPTS, Seville, Spain> PSI, Villigen, Switzerland> ZEW, Mannheim, Germany> DLR, Stuttgart, Germany> IER, Stuttgart, Germany> ERASME, Châtenay-Malabry

Cedex, France> IEA, Paris, France> U.S. DOE/EIA, Washington,

USA> RITE, Kyoto, Japan> NRCAN, Ottawa, Canada> NIES, Tsukuba, Japan

27


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe core objective is to facilitate a significantly increased RES-E generation in a liberalised

electricity market with minimal costs to the European citizen. To identify the most important

strategies, the dynamic toolbox GREEN-X will be developed. Related objectives are:

> to find a set of efficient and sustainable dynamic instruments integrating strategies for RES-E,

CHP generation, DSM activities and GHG-reduction

> to address / include major stakeholders and decision-makers in the development process of

the toolbox GREEN-X

> to disseminate the toolbox and the results to key stakeholders and policy-makers

By disseminating the toolbox and the results of this project to policy-makers and various

stakeholders, acceptance of an EU-wide promotion system will be improved.

Description of WorkThe main product of this project will be a computer-based toolbox containing the following

features:

> a database, allowing dynamic changes and calculating potential and costs of RES-E supply, CHP

production, efficiency improvement and fuel switching in the electricity sector as well as the

corresponding GHG reductions

> a dynamic computer model linking and simulating different scenarios between RES-E, CHP,

demand-side activities and GHG-reduction. The output will allow the following results for the

EU as a whole and for individual Member States for each specified year

• electricity generation of RES-E, conventional electricity, and CHP production

• impacts of simulated strategies on generation costs and profits for generators

• impact of selected strategies on total costs and financial benefits or disadvantages for EU

citizens

The analysis will be conducted in a dynamic framework, allowing changes of strategies and

scenarios over time.

Expected ResultsThe core result is to provide and disseminate essential information with respect to RES-E

deployment, CHP, rational use of electricity and GHG reduction to various stakeholders. The

main results will be:

> a detailed action plan for policy makers aiming to integrate RES-E with other EU-related

objectives such as energy efficiency and climate change abatement. These

recommendations will be derived for each country and for the EU as a whole

> recommendations for various stakeholders to derive economically efficient portfolios

in liberalised electricity markets under the constraints of RES-E development and GHG-

reduction

To facilitate the information and strengthen the decision process, the toolbox GREEN-

X will be available via the internet.

Deriving Optimal Promotion Strategies for Increasing theShare of Res-E in a Dynamic European Electricity Market

(GREEN-X)



http://www.green-x.at/

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Glyn EVANSTel: +32 2 29 65047Fax: +32 2 29 60621e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORReinhard HAASVienna University ofTechnology, Energy EconomicsGroupGusshausstrasse 27-29/373-2A-1040 ViennaTel: + 431 588 013 73 52Fax: + 431 588 013 73 97e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> IT Power Ltd., Chineham,

United Kingdom> KEMA Nederland B.V.,

Arnhem, The Netherlands> Risø National Laboratory,

Roskilde, Denmark> CSIC, Madrid, Spain> FHG, Karlsruhe, Germany> Wienstrom GmbH, Vienna,

Austria> EGLAG, Dietikon, Switzerland> EREC, Brussels, Belgium

28


World Energy Technology Outlook-2050 (WETO-H2)

Objectives“World Energy Technology Outlook-2050” is a co-ordination action whose final objective is

to present a world energy/technology outlook for the period up to 2050. In addition to the

elaboration of the long-term baseline projections, WETO-H2 assesses various technological

breakthroughs likely to occur in the next 50 years in a context of a high value of carbon, and

evaluate two European strategies toward sustainability: a hydrogen economy and a reduction

by a factor 4 of the CO2 emissions related to energy for Europe. The project relies mainly on

the POLES model, a global sectoral model of the world energy system.

Description of workThe work is divided into three main tasks

> Production of a world energy/technology reference case to 2050

This task involves first the extension of the POLES model to address in a relevant manner energy

issues up to 2050. It involves the preparation of the reference case to be entered into the POLES

model: i.e. demographic trends, GDP, oil and gas reserves, relevant policies (e.g. energy taxation).

Finally, a mean-variance portfolio optimisation is applied to assess the EU-25 reference electricity

mix, as produced by the POLES model for financial “risk-reward” efficiency

> Analysis of technological breakthroughs and trajectories in a context of high carbon value

This task aims at identifying technological breakthroughs likely to occur in the next 50 years in

the context of high carbon value, and at assessing with POLES their impact on the energy system

evolution and related CO2 emissions

> Evaluation of two EU energy strategies toward sustainability

The purpose of this task is to evaluate two strategies towards sustainability, involving

technological breakthrough: the first strategy aims at implementing a widely based hydrogen

economy throughout Europe in the next 50 years; the second one so-called “factor 4” strategy,

aims at reducing the CO2 emissions related to energy by a factor 4 in 2050 as compared to 1990.

Expected results and exploitation plansThe WETO-H2 report will be largely disseminated and a conference on long-term

energy/technology outlook, relevant for CO2 emissions analysis, will be organised. The

publication and the conference are dedicated to: providing immediate key information on

energy and CO2 issues in the main regions of the world, for those, in the European institutions

and in EU national Governments, in charge of energy policy and international negotiations

on greenhouse gases; disseminating the results towards all the sectors of the European

economy concerned by international energy and global environmental issues; and serving

as a reference for international organisations and institutions outside Europe in the debate

on sustainable development.

CONTRACT: SSP6-CT-2003-501669EC CONTRIBUTION: €394,000STARTING DATE: 01/01/2004DURATION: 24 months

29


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe objective of the research is to explore the global potential of fusion power plants and to

quantify their advantages and drawbacks. The problem is to build consistent multi-regional

global electric market scenarios for the horizon 2100, including fusion as an energy supply

option.

Description of WorkVarious types of scenarios are envisaged – including business as usual and prescriptive scenarios

– considering technical, economical, and environmental as well as social aspects.

Forecasting over more than 20 years, which is interesting for the use of fusion technologies,

implies the use of robust scenario methods. Identifying the dominant trends of electric market

development in the past, understanding the determinants factors and extrapolating them in the

future helps obtain robust projections. Trends are identified for each world region. Long-term

considerations on energy intensities are used to express the reduction of electricity consumption

growth rates due to technological progress in the future. Explorative and normative scenarios

are defined in order to explore different demands, primary energy resources and costs, generation

technologies and mitigation policies.

The research makes use of the PLANELEC/PRO software, developed by LASEN/EPFL. It determines

the generating expansion plan, which adequately meets electricity demand at minimum cost while

respecting constraints given by the user, such as CO2 emissions. When comparing alternate

expansion patterns, the objective function to be minimized is the present value of total costs,

including investment cost, operation cost, maintenance and fuel cost. PLANELEC/PRO uses

probabilistic simulation to estimate generating system production cost and dynamic programming

to determine the optimal expansion pathway. The allocation of natural resources to satisfy the

constraint of the demand will be based on recent systemic approaches in order to allow

technologies which may not be economically optimal to be taken into account in the energy

supply scenarios, and particularly electricity supply.

Fusion technologies are defined as candidates and compete with other technologies under

environmental and resource constraints. The problem with this approach is that several

unknown parameters have to be quantified, such as plant availability statistics or maintenance

characteristics and cost.

Expected ResultsThe research will make available to EFDA Associates and electric sector analysts long-term

global and multi-regional electric generation scenarios in order to evaluate the potential

of the fusion option in comparison with other complementary or competing new

technologies.

Potential role of fusion in long-term electricity scenariosworldwide: a quantitative evaluation with a least cost

electric generation model (PLANELEC-FUS)


CONTRACT: TW2/4-TRE-FESA-A3EC CONTRIBUTION: €40,000STARTING DATE: 01/01/2003DURATION: 20 Months

www.efda.org

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER GianCarlo TOSATOPhone: +49 89 3299 4194Fax: +49 89 3299 4197e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATOREdgard GNANSOUNOUSwiss Federal Institute ofTechnology of Lausanne(LASEN/EPFL)CH-1015 LausannePhone: +41 21 693 06 27Fax: +41 21 693 28 63e-mail:[email protected]

30


Potential contribution of fusion to global long-term energy environment scenarios: a quantitative assessment by means of technology rich multi-regional partial equilibrium models (TIMES-FUS)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe project has three main objectives:> to build a new multi-regional global model of economic equilibrium, responsive to energy

technology innovations, domestic and international trade energy policies, climate changemitigation and environment objectives

> to quantify cost and benefits of a large set of energy demand and supply technologies(including fusion) as well as policies by exploring global long-term energy environmentscenarios through energy models; analyses are intended to explore the interplay of key factors,such as economic development, energy security, global environment protection, availabilityof cheap fossil resources, competition for investment in infrastructure and innovation

> to build in the EFDA Associates permanent capabilities of running large technology-orientedpartial equilibrium economic programming models, which provide decision-makers and thepublic at large with independent alternative scenarios

Description of WorkAs in the previous analyses of the fusion technology as part of the energy system, this researchmakes use of the MARKAL/TIMES methodology, which is used by the secretariat of theInternational Energy Agency in Paris, by the Energy Information Administration in Washington,and in around fifty countries across the world. The work starts from improved versions of thesoftware and more powerful input/output data management systems; the software iscommercially available, including regular maintenance.

The multi-regional global long-term energy technologies model built in this research will > have a time horizon of 2100,> be of partial economic equilibrium (intra- and inter-temporal),> represent endogenous trade of energy-emission commodities,> encompass the whole energy system, including end uses,> represent explicitly hundreds of energy technologies,> include technology learning effects,> detail energy flows with 30 or more commodities> calibrate energy markets and emissions to statistical values

The model will be distributed to the Associations and, in a secondary stage, to selected externalgroups, who propose other supply options – such as fission, renewables, fossil and CO2 sequestration,etc. – or alternative energy distribution approaches – such as the hydrogen second grid, distributedgeneration, fuel cells, etc. The research groups will explore common scenarios starting from a setof homogenous base assumptions. Common policy analyses will be carried out using the samescenarios. Each group will analyse special policies and options by building different scenarios withthe same multi-regional model, according to their domestic needs. Several smaller single regionglobal or local models will be built and used for simpler policy analyses.

Since this is a research project, the initial program will be fine-tuned and updated duringthe execution to take into account the most promising research lines and the achievementsof concurrent projects.

Expected ResultsBy the conclusion of the research, the EURATOM associations (see above) and other relevantEuropean groups will have the availability of a large and detailed energy model – whichin practice is a large database – for further independent analyses. The reports on scenariosand on the impact of different energy environment and R&D policy options will be ofgreat value for decision makers and the research community.

CONTRACT: TW2/3-TRE-FESA-AnEC CONTRIBUTION: €320,000STARTING DATE: 01/01/2003DURATION: 24 monthswww.efda.org

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER GianCarlo TOSATOPhone: +49 89 3299.4194Fax: +49 89 3299.4197e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORThomas HAMACHERInstitute of Plasma Physics -Max Plank GesellschaftBoltzmannstr. 2, D-85748Garching bei MuenchenPhone: +49 89 3299.1469Fax: +49 89 3299.2183e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain> ENEA, Roma, Italy> IER, University of Stuttgart,

Germany> IPP, Garching bei Muenchen,

Germany> OEAW, Technical University

of Graz, SchiedelFoundation, Austria

> ORDECSYS, Geneva,Switzerland

> UKAEA, Culham, UnitedKingdom

31


Objectives and Problems to be solvedEXPEDITE aimed at generating forecasts for passenger and freight transport for Europe for

2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020, showing which policies can be effective to reach substitution from

road and air transport to other modes, and identifying market segments that are sensitive to

policy measures. EXPEDITE interacted with the THINK-UP Thematic Network.

Description of WorkEXPEDITE reviewed national and international transport models, presented the base-year (1995)

data, defined a Reference Scenario for 2020 and intermediate years, defined policies to be

simulated, and carried out runs with existing models (the SCENES European model and a number

of national models for passenger and freight transport). On the basis of this, two new models

were created: the EXPEDITE passenger transport meta-model and freight transport meta-model.

Expected/Final ResultsResults of runs with the meta-models and SCENES models for the Reference Scenario and different

policies were analysed and showed the effectiveness of policy measures and on (in)sensitive

market segments.

Freight Transport:

Over 1995-2020, under Reference Scenario assumptions, the number of tonnes lifted in the study

area will increase by 44% (lorry +39%) and tonne-kilometrage by 79% (lorry +89%). A higher

growth is predicted for the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC), for long distance

transport and for general cargo.

Freight 'Good Value' policies for a shift away from road:

Most effective:

> Intermodality

> Interoperability

> Harmonisation of inspection and control

> Harmonisation of the rules on speeding

> Maximum Speed Limits

> Vignette, Eco-points, Kilometre charge

Passenger Transport:

Over 1995-2020 for the bulk of usual daily travel (trips up to 160 km) the number of tours

(round-trips from home) will grow by 5% (car driver +22%) and passenger-kilometres will

increase by 10% (car driver +24%) – with a much higher growth in CEEC. Long distance travel

(>160 km) increases much faster (car, train and especially air) than shorter distance transport.

Passenger 'Good Value' policies for a shift away from road:

Most effective:

> Congestion and road pricing

> Parking Policies

EXpert-system based PrEdictions of Demand for InternalTransport in Europe (EXPEDITE)


CONTRACT: 2000-AM.10816EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,705,045STARTING DATE: 01/05/2000DURATION: 30 Months

http://www.rand.org/randeurope/hcgprojects/expedite/index.htm

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Keith KEENTel: +32 2 29 63469Fax: +32 2 29 65372e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORGerard DE JONG STICHTING RAND EUROPENewtonweg 1NL- 2333 CP LeidenTel: +31 715245151Fax: +31 715245191e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Stratec S.A, Bruxelles,

Belgium> Universita Degli Studi di

Napoli Federico II, Italy> Transek AB, Solna, SE> Institute of Transport

Economics, Oslo, Norway> Consultino and Sales

Heusch/Boesefeldt GMBH,Aachen, Germany

> iC consulenten ZT GmbH,Wien, Austria

> Institut für Verkehrsplaning,Transporttechnik, Strassen-,und Eisenbahnbau, Zürich,Switzerland

> Heusch BoesefeldtVerkehrsconsult GMBH,Lorrach, Germany

32

Next best:

> Congestion and road pricing

> Infrastructure tariffs

> Cost internalisation

> Fuel Price increase

Next best:

> Cost internalisation

> Maximum Speed Limits

> Fuel Price increase


Thematic network to understand mobility prediction(THINK UP)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe THINK-UP thematic network aimed to draw together results on transport demand

forecasting and scenario building and to discuss and compare the methodologies used, the

underlying hypotheses and the results obtained.

THINK-UP involved a network of transport experts from many different sectors: policy makers,

service providers, users, and researchers. Through small workshops and larger seminars the

themes of the project were discussed and taken forward. The project considered in particular

the issues of passenger and freight transport markets, the institutional context and policy

variables, and issues concerning prediction tools and trend estimation. It addressed classification

of policy objectives and variables, validation of segmentation of transport markets and the

review of European modelling results and specification.

Description of Work> Organisation of clusters on the use of modelling tools, analysis of passenger and freight

transport, definition of policy measures, and opening of Europe

> Organisation of specialised workshops on these different topics open to researchers, operators

and decision makers

> Organisation of bilateral meetings with different national administrations, in the form of visits

to different national administration

> Website and dissemination.

Expected/Final Results> Definition and updating of a common “reference scenario” for Europe, EU members and CEEC

countries, including socio-economic variables and transport policy variables (external variables,

although the qualification of “external” depends also upon the model used)

> Traffic projections with distinction between international, national and regional traffic, for

passengers and freight (basis for projections: O-D basis, regions to regions with modal split

corresponding to the reference scenario)

> Build a bridge between national systems and with European information systems to ensure

an exchange of consistent information and data in terms of transport variables, policy

options and scenarios per segment of the market, for both passengers and freight

> Confronting European projections with national projections mainly for international flows

> Transport sensitivity to policy measures in particular as regards modal split -including sea

transport, and for rail, different operating systems

> Focus on international flows including intercontinental flows, internal flows of EU, and

relations to CEEC countries and Mediterranean countries on major routes; assignment

on the European TEN networks

> Updating and dissemination of results through the website

> Platform for discussion of results, feedback to research and dialogue with other

thematic networks.

CONTRACT: 2000-TN.11236 EC CONTRIBUTION: €850,403STARTING DATE: 01/05/2000DURATION: 30 monthsHome web page:http://www.netr.fr/think-up

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Keith KEENTel: +32 2 29 63469Fax: +32 2 29 65372e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORChristian REYNAUDNouveaux Espaces deTransport en Europe(Application Recherche) 99 bis avenue du GénéralLeclercF-75014 ParisTel: +33 6 22570436Fax: +33 1 45475606e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> Universität Karlsruhe,

Germany> The Interdisciplinary Centre

for Comparative Researchin the Social Sciences,Wien, Austria

> NEA Transport Researchand Training, Rijswijk, The Netherlands

> Network of EuropeanTransport Researchers,Villemoisson-sur-Orge,France

33


Objectives and Problems to be solvedIASON aimed at:

> improving the understanding of the impact of transport policies on short- and long-term

spatial development in the EU, such as regional economic development, accessibility, network

effects, land use impacts.

> developing a unified assessment framework for the European level, integrating the network,

the regional economic and macro-economic impacts studied in the IASON, TIPMAC and

TransEcon cluster of projects regarding socio-economic Impacts of transport investments and

policies and network effects.

Description of WorkIASON developed:

1. Rules for cost-benefit analysis of transport projects and policies, including an overarching

assessment framework and approaches to measure network and socio-economic effects.

2. New and improved methods to carry out evaluations: a Spatial Computable General Equilibrium

model (CGEurope) and the improved SASI model, which work on the basis of the new IASON

spatial database (covering the whole of EU-25 at a high level of detail).

3. Guidance on the suitability of the methods for answering various appraisal questions (such as

the economic value of projects and policies, spatial distribution of benefits, impacts on

cohesion).

4. Case studies into the socio-economic and network effects of measures proposed in the EU White

Paper on the Common Transport Policy, related to the revision of the TENs and Transport

Charging.

5. A comparison of results of the case studies with similar calculations using other models and

approaches, from the TIPMAC (macro-economy/transport linkages) and TRANSECON (ex post

measurements) projects.

Expected/Final ResultsThe results address the following policy-related questions:

> Does implementation of the Trans-European networks (TEN) improve cohesion?

> How is welfare gain distributed spatially in Europe from TENs implementation?

> How does TENs implementation improve the accessibility of regions in Europe?

> How does Social Marginal Cost Pricing (SMCP) implementation impact the local economy

of regions in Europe?

> Will implementation of SMCP policy induce modal shift?

> What is the spatial economic welfare gain from TINA Network implementation?

IASON contributed directly to developing the Commission's policy on trans-European

transport networks, by forecasting the regional economic impacts of TEN projects

(effects of TEN investments on welfare distribution, accessibility and indirect economic

linkages).

Integrated Appraisal of Spatial economic and Networkeffects of transport investments and policies (IASON)


CONTRACT: GRD1-2000-AM.25351 EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,412,474STARTING DATE: 01/04/2001DURATION: 33 months

http://www.inro.tno.nl/iason

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Catharina SIKOWTel: +32 2 29 62125Fax: +32 2 29 54349e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORLori TAVASSZY Netherlands Organisation forApplied Scientific Research(TNO)Schoemakerstraat 97NL-2600 JA DelftTel: +31 15 2696899 Fax: +31 15 2696854e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Network of European

Transport Researchers,Villemoisson-sur-Orge, France

> Universität Karlsruhe,Germany

> University of Leeds, United Kingdom

> Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany

> Universität Dortmund,Germany

> Rijkuniversiteit Groningen,The Netherlands

> NEA Transport Research andTraining BV, Rijswijk, The Netherlands

> WSP CIVILS Ltd, London,United Kingdom

> TRANSMAN Consulting forTransport System ManagementLtd, Budapest, Hungary

> Free University Amsterdam, The Netherlands

> Technical Research Centre ofFinland, Espoo, Finland

34


Transport infrastructure and policy:a macroeconomic analysis for the EU(TIPMAC)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedTIPMAC combined transport modelling with macroeconomic modelling to study the indirect

macroeconomic impacts of transport infrastructure investment and transport pricing policies

in the EU.

The study focused on Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) infrastructure projects and

transport pricing policies, using the EC White Paper ‘Fair Pricing for Infrastructure Use’ as a

starting point.

Tipmac interacted with the IASON and TransEcon projects, within the cluster on socio-economic

impacts of transport investments and policies and network effects in the EU.

Description of WorkTipmac undertook two parallel analyses using contrasting methodologies and models at the

leading edge of EU analysis, employing state-of-the-art techniques and knowledge of industrial

and consumer behaviour.

In one analysis, the SCENES transport network model was linked to the E3ME macroeconometric

model.

In the other, the ASTRA system dynamics model studied similar scenarios.

For TIPMAC and IASON, common scenarios were defined to provide common model input

assumptions. All scenarios were revenue neutral, Social Marginal Cost Pricing (SMCP) charges in

the SMCP and SMCP+TEN-T scenarios being offset by reductions in personal income tax.

Expected/Final ResultsSMCP adoption showed both impacts on the transport sector and very significant macroeconomic

impacts. The large scale of the revenues makes the accompanying fiscal policy very important.

Given the very large scale of these changes, the E3ME/SCENES model showed considerable

dynamic macroeconomic impacts in the SMCP scenarios, with considerable increases in GDP and

employment from the Business as Usual (BAU) in the SMCP scenarios. The ASTRA model also

showed increases in GDP. ASTRA and SCENES/E3ME produced fundamentally similar results, both

regarding GDP changes and employment changes. The Fuel Tax + TEN-T scenario showed small

macroeconomic impacts. The differences between the SMCP scenarios with and without fast

completion of TEN-Ts were small for both models.

The results for changes in employment by country were similar to those for GDP. The

SCENES/E3ME model showed large changes for the SMCP and the SMCP +TEN-T scenarios

(employment increasing by 3.3% and 3.5%). Overall changes in CO2 emissions across the

EU were very small for all scenarios.

TIPMAC innovated significantly in transport policy analysis by combining a full

macroeconomic model with a detailed analysis of the transport sector, and comparing

the ASTRA and E3ME dynamic macroeconomic models. Efforts in developing common

scenarios enabled to assess a range of macroeconomic results from different models.

CONTRACT: GRD1-2000-25347EC CONTRIBUTION: €789,382STARTING DATE: 01/05/2001DURATION: 31 months

http://www.camecon.co.uk/services/projects/Tipmac/Tipmac_project.htm

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Marion LE LOUARNTel: +32 2 29 95750Fax: +32 2 29 55843e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORJonathan KÖHLER Cambridge Econometrics Covent GardenCambridge CB1 2HSUnited KingdomTel: +44 1223 460760 Fax: +44 1223 464378 e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> Universität Karlsruhe,

Germany> WSP Civils LTD, London,

United Kingdom> TRT Trasporti e Territorio,

Milano, Italy> Netherlands Organisation

for Applied ScientificResearch, Delft

> Niezalezny Osrodek badanEkonomicznych, Lodz,Poland

35


Objectives and Problems to be solvedLong-distance passenger travel, which takes up a large proportion of the passenger transport

sector, has been the domain of individual countries and their institutions. Up to now, just a

few Member States carried out passenger mobility surveys but using different methodologies

and definitions that rendered international comparisons very difficult if not impossible. Before

the DATELINE project, there had been no unified attempt to capture long-distance travel in a

homogenous way, creating a harmonized database applicable in all countries of the European

Union. In order to be able to plan the future more effectively, it is necessary to provide a

homogenous basis on which planning can take place.

Description of WorkThe DATELINE project developed a harmonized methodology for a pan-European survey and

carried out a first survey testing this methodology.

1. DATELINE developed common definitions and survey methods and worked out compatible

questionnaires to be used in the EU-15 Member States and Switzerland.

2. DATELINE organized the first pan-European passenger mobility survey using the newly

developed methodology. Travel information from about 86 000 individuals was collected. The

sample might be too small for detailed analyses, but it gives already interesting results on a

more aggregated level (e.g. national or European). The data provides valuable information

about travel patterns of European citizens, the modes of transport they choose, their reasons

for traveling, the number of journeys, the average distance and duration of journeys, etc.

Final ResultsThe methodology and the experiences collected during the survey are well documented in the

project’s deliverables. The survey results have been fed into a database and an origin-destination

matrix has been built.

In addition, the project created a website (http://cgi.fg.uni-mb.si/elmis/) containing all the

information about the project, a synthesized presentation of the project’s results and a software

(ELMIS) that allows to extract data and to make analyses in a user-friendly way.

Design and Application of a Travel Survey for EuropeanLong-distance Trips Based on an International Network

of Expertise (DATELINE)


CONTRACT: 2000-AM.10016EC CONTRIBUTION: €3,976,694STARTING DATE: 01/04/2000DURATION: 39 months

http://cgi.fg.uni-mb.si/elmis/

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Frank LAURENTPhone: +32 2 29 96915Fax: +32 2 29 55843e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORErhard ERL,Socialdata Institut für Verkehrs-und Infrastrukturforschung GmbHPostfach 70 16 29D-81316 MünchenTel: +49 89 71 08 1Fax: +49 89 71 64 20e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Helsinki University of

Technology, TransportationEngineering, Helsinki,Finland

> Institut Socialdata i SverigeAB, Uppsala, Sweden

> Ministerie van Verkeer enWaterstaat, Directoraat-Generaal Rijkswaterstaat,Adviesdienst Verkeer enVervoer, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

> Peter Davidson Consultancy,London, United Kingdom

> POLIEDRA-Centri diConoscenza e Formazione delPolitecnico di Milano, Italy

> Statistics Netherlands, Heerlen> TIS.PT, Consultores em

Transportes, Inovaçao eSistemas, Lisboa, Portugal

> TRIAS Consulting SA,Thessaloniki, Greece

> Universität für Bodenkultur,Institute for Transport Studies,Wien, Austria

> University of Maribor, CivilEngineering Informatics Centre,Slovenia

> University of Newcastle uponTyne, United Kingdom

36


European Transport policy Information System(ETIS-LINK, ETIS-BASE, ETIS-AGENT)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedAlthough the basis of good policy is good information, the general situation regarding

transport data in Europe is one of fragmentation of datasets and sources, missing data, lack

of standardization/harmonization between datasets and duplication of information collection

(making it difficult to identify, access and use available data). Currently there is no single source

of data giving policy-makers a reliable picture of EU transport sector developments.

The European Transport Policy Information System (ETIS) aims to support policy-makers by

providing them with access to information gathered from various sources which has been

appropriately validated, harmonized and aggregated.

ETIS aims to facilitate development, monitoring, and assessment of transport policy and of in

transport sector developments, and progress towards policy goals of the EU and the Member

States. ETIS will realize these objectives by improving both the quality and quantity of information

available to policy and decision makers.

Description of WorkETIS-BASE, ETIS-AGENT and ETIS-LINK are jointly responsible for completing a pilot version of

ETIS in 2005. ETIS-BASE collects, validates, harmonizes and aggregates data for developing a

reference database covering EU25, Switzerland and Norway; ETIS-AGENT develops a user-friendly

policy-driven software environment to store and update the data in the reference database,

while allowing analysis and reporting of the database information; ETIS-LINK facilitates

coordination of the projects and interaction with relevant transport sector stakeholders. A

Steering Group of experts from governments, industry and research monitors and guides the

process.

Expected/Final ResultsETIS will provide a reference database with indicators, data variables and meta-data; a software

environment for accessing and using this reference database; and guidelines for harmonizing

data collection and validation, information sharing and future ETIS exploitation.

ETIS will be useable by analysts and policy-makers to support their information needs. The ETIS

pilot will focus on information needs regarding Trans-European Transport Network policies.

CONTRACT: GTC2-33058 - GMA2-32051 - GMA2-52035EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,533,093- €1,663,722 - €1,125,214STARTING DATE: 01/08/2002 -01/12/2002 - 01/02/2003DURATION: 36 - 33 - 24 months

http://www.etis-eu.org

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Anna PANAGOPOULOUTel: +32 2 29 67894Fax: +32 2 29 54349e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORS ETIS LINK:Adnan RAHMAN RAND EuropeTel: +31 71 5245180Fax: +31 71 5245191e-mail: [email protected] BASE Ming CHENNEA Transport research andtrainingTel: +31 70 3988460Fax: +31 70 3954186e-mail: [email protected]:Antonis RAMFOSIntrasoft International S.A.Tel: +30 210 6859701Fax: +30 210 6859166e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS of the ETIS projects> Stichting RAND Europe,

Leiden, The Netherlands> NEA Transport Research and

Training, Rijswijk, TheNetherlands

> Intrasoft International,Luxembourg

> AGILIS SA, Athens, Greece> AJI Europe, Sèvres, France> Axmann Geoinformation,

Gänserndorf, Austria> Eidgenössische Technische

Hochschule Zürich,Switzerland

> Istituto di Studi perl’Integrazione dei Sistemi,Roma, Italy

> MDS Transmodal Limited,Chester, United Kingdom

> MKmetric Gesellschaft fürSystemplannug MbH,Karlsruhe, Germany

> National Technical University ofAthens, Greece

> Nouveaux Espaces de Transporten Europe (ApplicationRecherche), Paris, France

> The Interdisciplinary Centre forComparative Research in theSocial Sciences, Wien, Austria

> University of Karlsruhe, Germany> Technical Research Centre ofFinland, Espoo, Finland

37


Objectives and Problems to be solvedTransport policy-makers use results of models amongst others to forecast transport and assess

outcomes of different policy scenarios. Unfortunately, from a European policy-making

perspective, there are a number of problems with current transport models.

The latest state-of-the-art research in developing and combining pan-European models will be

further developed and refined by parties with extensive experience in this field. TRANS-TOOLS

is a logical extension of previous modelling exercises such as performed in the IASON, TIPMAC

and SCENES projects and the TEN-STAC study. TRANS-TOOLS will enable to organise the strategic

European tools on a ‘Common Modelling Platform’ to allow an efficient use of such tools and

a smooth integration of these with national dimensions.

Description of WorkThe European network-based transport model will be based on the ideas consolidated in the

modelling experience of the consortium partners; features of currently available EU models will

be added, based on EC policy needs.

The SCENES model approach will provide appropriate suggestions for the treatment of passenger

transport and the interaction of local and long distance traffic; the VACLAV transport network

will be a suitable basis for to develop an efficient transport assignment model; the NEAC model

will provide information describing freight transport; SCENES will constitute a reference for the

treatment of intermodal transport, as well as SLAM for logistics.

TRANS-TOOLS’ innovations regard:

> New set up of a demand/supply model

> Intermodality for passenger/freight

> Inclusion of intercontinental flows (mainly for freight)

> Full coverage of Central and Eastern Europe (Accession countries and countries bordering the

enlarged EU)

> Integration of the new Member States at a level similar to those of EU-15

> Feedback infrastructure development-economy (as the issue of indirect effects on the

economy and on network level is important, especially where investment has substantial

influence – notably for new Member States)

> Logistics/freight chain explicitly included

> Coupling method with local traffic (to address congestion effects on long-distance traffic)

> Approach resulting in a software modelling tool on network level

Expected/Final Results> Model specification and calibration results

> TRANS-TOOLS software, complete with user and technical documents

> Three transport scenarios for 2010, 2020 and the longer-term

> Final conference on project results


CONTRACT:TREN/04/FP6SSP/S07.31816/502644EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,199,998 STARTING DATE: 01/10/2004 DURATION: 24 months

http://www.inro.tno.nl/transtools/index.html

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Marion LE LOUARNPhone: +32 2 29 95750Fax: +32 2 29 55843e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORArnaud BURGESSNetherlands Organisation forApplied Scientific Research(TNO)Schoemakerstraat 97 PO Box 6060NL-2600 JA DelftPhone: +31 15 2696903Fax: +31 15 2696854e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> NEA Transport Research

and Training, Rijswijk, TheNetherlands

> TRT Trasporti e Territorio,Milano, Italy

> Universität Karlsruhe,Germany

> Christian-AlbrechtsUniversität Kiel, Germany

> Joint Research Centre,Sevilla, Spain

> Technical University ofDenmark, Lyngby

> Istituto di Studi perl’Integrazione dei Sistemi,Roma, Italy

TOOLS for TRansport forecasting ANd Scenario testing (TRANS-TOOLS)

38


DIRECT AND EXTERNAL COSTS



Objectives and Problems to be solvedUsing the best elements of life cycle analysis, sustainability indicators, impact pathway analysis,

risk analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and multi-criteria analysis (MCA), an integrated approach

will be developed that can be applied in a coherent manner to a wide range of policy issues.

The objectives are:

1) develop an integrated approach to assess, in a consistent and comprehensive manner, the

numerous complex tradeoffs involved in environmental policies. This approach will use

elements of life cycle analysis, sustainability indicators, impact pathway analysis, risk analysis,

cost-benefit analysis, and multi-criteria analysis (MCA)

2) test this approach with 2 case studies, to evaluate the environmental and socio-economic

consequences of possible policies in the EU: reducing impacts of nitrate fertilizer, and examining

the options for treating waste

3) involve the stakeholders (via e-mail and workshops) to determine weighting factors for the

MCA and disseminate the results

4) implement the approach in Eastern Europe

Description of WorkThe study, by a multidisciplinary team with a long experience in working together on

environmental problems, will begin by reviewing the advantages and limitations of several tools

commonly used for the appraisal of environmental policy – life cycle assessment (LCA), impact

pathway analysis (IPA), life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), risk analysis (RA), cost-benefit analysis

(CBA), sustainability indicators, and multi-criteria analysis (MCA). Problems that may arise in their

use will be identified.

Based on this review an integrated framework will be developed that can be applied in a coherent

manner to a wide range of policy issues. The key steps are: (1) for each policy option under

consideration, define system boundaries and perform LCA; (2) quantify physical impacts and

external costs (using IPA results of the ExternE project series, making new calculations as

necessary; (3) obtain data on abatement costs; (4) make indicative estimates of induced costs,

using partial-equilibrium analyses; (5) perform a CBA, comparing the quantified costs and

benefits of the policy options; (6) perform a MCA with the main steps:

> choice of criteria

> multiobjective programming to take into account the main system constraints (natural,

economic, technological or legislative)

> use stakeholder input to determine weighting factors for the criteria

> evaluation of policy choices

Tools for Sustainability: development and application ofan integrated framework (SusTools)

D I R E C T A N D E X T E R N A L C O S T S


http://www.asirabl.com/sustools.htm

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Marialuisa TAMBORRAPhone: +32 2 29 50312Fax: +32 2 29 50656e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORDr Ari RABLAssociation pour la Rechercheet le Développement des Méthodes et processusIndustrielsEcole Nationale Supérieuredes Mines de Paris -Centre EnergétiqueBoulevard Saint-Michel 60F-75272 ParisPhone: +33 1 40 51 91 52Fax: +33 1 46 34 24 91e-mail:[email protected]

40


The key idea of the integrated approach is to assess costs and benefits (CBA), based on a

combination of LCA and IPA, supplemented by stakeholder involvement and MCA to take

into account impacts that could not be monetized. The proposed framework will be tested

with two case studies, to evaluate the consequences of possible policies in the EU, at EU and

local level:

> Examining the options for treating waste that remains after source reduction and recycling

> Reducing the impacts of nitrate fertilizer in view of sustainable agriculture

The framework will also be implemented and tested in four countries of Eastern Europe: Bulgaria,

the Czech Republic, Poland and Romania.

Expected ResultsMajor expected results are publishable reports on

> The methodology of the integrated approach

> The guidelines for using the integrated approach

> The application to each of the two case studies

> The report on stakeholder involvement

> The implementation in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Poland and Romania

> The dissemination of results to stakeholders.

PARTNERS> Laboratory of Industrial and

Energy Economics, NationalTechnical University of Athens,Greece> Department of Economics and

International Development,University of Bath, UnitedKingdom> VITO, Mol, Belgium> Dr Mike Holland, Reading,

United Kingdom> Environment Center, Charles

University Prague, CzechRepublic

> Institut VivendiEnvironment, Paris, France

> Department HybridSystems and Management,Institute of Control andSystem Research, Sofia,Bulgaria

41


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe final objective of the project is to evaluate the state-of-the-art on externalities research

and the level of knowledge achieved so far on the general issue of external costs, based on

an extensive review of literature and documentation in Europe and in other parts of the world.

These studies would highlight the way that external costs analysis has been used, the way that

uncertainties have been dealt with, and differing views on valuation. A major outcome of the

project is a database containing externalities data drawn from all relevant sources identified

and analysed.

This accompanying measure promotes a wider and successful uptake of the external cost

accounting approach within policy and the decision making processes.

More specific scientific, technical and socio-economic objectives are:

> to highlight best practice in the calculation and use of external costs data

> to assess the extent to which externalities data can be used across a variety of important policy-

relevant areas of environmental analysis, including some areas where it is yet to be widely

applied

> to identify the main areas where externalities analysis needs to be refined

Description of WorkThe work involved first the collation of externalities data to identify and bring together research

and policy studies that developed or used environmentally related external costs analysis. Then,

externalities data were reviewed and organised both by sector and burden and their applications

in studies of various sectors were assessed. The context of each analysis was described and where

possible, views of stakeholders on the usefulness of the analysis gathered. A review of key

problems in externalities analysis and in the calculation and application of externalities data

including the assessment of uncertainties complemented the analysis. Finally, an externalities

database was developed. The ultimate objective was to develop a computerised searchable

database storing data collected. In view of the assessment of the state-of-the-art on the

externalities studies outside the European Union, contacts were made with key analysts, policy

makers and organisations outside the EU to discuss the use of externalities. A workshop with

key stakeholders was held to disseminate the findings of the study.

Expected/Final ResultsThe main results from the project include the gathering of externalities data, a review of

data and applications, identification of a quality control mechanism and critical issues and

database implementation. The workshop aimed at disseminating the findings of the project,

in particular among policy-makers. RED was certainly a significant step forward in

facilitating access to date on externalities and harmonising existing data. It will therefore

help decision-makers to take informed decisions on the basis of quantitative data and

make a wider use of marked based instruments as stated in the EU Strategy of Sustainable

Development. RED will be further extended and developed in an FP6 project called

METHODEX to cover additional areas and enhance the “benefit transfer” exercise.

Review of Externalities Data (RED)



http://www.red-externalities.net


COORDINATORIng. Andrea RICCIIstituto di Studi perL’Integrazione dei SistemiVia Flaminia 21I-00196 ROMEPhone: +39 06 3212655Fax: +39 06 3213049e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> CENERG, Ecole Nationale

Supérieure des Mines deParis, France

> Electrowatt-Ekono OY,Espoo, Finland

> Dr Michael Holland,Reading, United Kingdom

42


European Water Management Between Regulation and Competition (AQUALIBRIUM)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedPrivate sector participation in water management generates controversy in the public. Above

all, controversy questions effect the possibility of the identification of potential risks and dangers

with regard to a liberalisation of water markets (e.g. a reduction of quality standards, increasing

consumption, the regional rule, neglect of the costly wastewater treatment) and the design and

implementation of technological modernisation and information, participation of customers as

well as the factor of user awareness and acceptance of new developments in this sensitive sector.

In addition to this, strategies of water management have to consider a broad variety of tensions

within socio-economic terms, like, for example, the tension between urban and rural environment,

agricultural and industrial production, central and decentralised organisation of supply and

disposal services, productive and reproductive (household) economic conditions. Sustainable water

management has therefore to take into consideration this variety in regard to the relevant legal,

institutional and constitutional circumstances of the different countries.

The purpose and overall objective of the AQUALIBRIUM project has been to elaborate a comparative

study of national strategies for private sector involvement in the water sector in 15 EU member

states in the light of the recent situation of the current debate and national strategies on this issue.

Description of WorkAQUALIBRIUM collected data and information on the current debate and national strategies for

public-private partnership in respect to fundamental ideological positions, actor-specific perspectives,

the pros and cons in discussion, recently taken initiatives and experiences. Secondly, it organiSed

the assessment and evaluation of the a.m. national strategies with the aim to outline advantages

and drawbacks, devise best practices and identify topical issues and knowledge deficits.

Expected/Final ResultsAQUALIBRIUM has provided a multi-dimensional “map” of the current debate and the state of

affairs in public-private partnership in water management covering all Member States of the

European Union.

Benefits and impacts of the project are expected in two directions: On the one side, a secondary

data analysis is intended to give a detailed theoretical disputation of water management with

regards to private sector participation in terms of sustainability on the EU level. Referring to

this, the survey of primary data information with the help of expert interviews provided an

overview with concrete information about the state-of-the-art in practical terms on the spatial

and institutional level and its connections to private households and consumers concerns on

a country level. An expert conference and an extended consultation of the consortium

offered an immediate exchange between both work areas, the theoretical disputation and

the state-of-the-art in practical realisation.

Furthermore, by assembling representatives of various institutions, organisations and

countries in the research process, AQUALIBRIUM represented a starting point for a

thematic European network of water management experts in the field of public-private

partnership and provided a consistent contribution to the development of methods for

unbiased in-depth analysis of private sector participation in water management.

The publication of the outcome of the projects “Aqualibrium- European Water

Management between Regulation and Competition” (ISBN 92-894-6428-3) is

available on the following website: http://www.oieau.fr/aqualibrium/

CONTRACT: EVK1-CT-2001-80003EC CONTRIBUTION: €296,655STARTING DATE: 1/1/2002DURATION: 12 months

http://www.aqualibrium.de/en/main.htm

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Giuseppe BORSALINOPhone: +32 2 29 94061Fax: +32 2 29 52097e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORProf. Dr. Meinolf DIERKESNexus Institut FuerKooperationsmanagementUnd InterdisziplinaereForschung, Knesebeckstrasse 1-2D-10623 BerlinPhone: + 49 303 1809511Fax: + 49 303 1809512e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS > Office International de

l’Eau, Limoges, France> Instituto de Direction y

Organization de Empresa,Alcalà, Spain

> Fundacion AGBAR,Barcelona, Spain

43


Objectives and Problems to be solvedIn order for economic activity to be sustainable, it is essential that environmental and social

externalities are taken into account. Indeed, ‘getting the prices right’ is one of the key indicators

of EC sustainability strategy.

Major advances have been made in recent years in the analysis of externalities, particularly

through DG Research’s ExternE Project. This project has involved a large and multi-disciplinary

team of experts, providing sustained input for over ten years. The project has advanced a

methodology combining life cycle analysis (LCA) and ‘the impact pathway approach’, for assessing

externalities in the energy and transport sectors. The approach evaluates environmental or social

effects in terms of physical impacts and then goes on to quantify these impacts in economic costs.

The ExternE approach and results have seen very widespread use across Europe in policy making.

The methodology has been widely used by DG Environment in looking at cost-benefit analysis

of proposed EU legislation. Finally, the environmental costs have started to be used in

internalisation strategies, i.e. to correct prices to account for externalities, through the design

of taxes, charges or subsidies.

This project will make a major contribution to the development and wider use of externalities in

sectors other than transport and energy. This responds to the increasing recognition that

externalities in other sectors (agriculture, industry and waste) have received little attention to

date. The study also deliberately looks at the extension and transferability of externalities to the

enlarged EU. Finally, it has a focus to improve socio-economic policy tools for sustainable impact

assessment, and particularly for externality applications, to help to increase the consistency and

robustness of decision-making.

The project has two key aims.> Firstly, to extend a consistent externalities approach into agricultural, industrial, waste and other

sectors, based on the ‘best practice’ used in the transport and energy areas

> Secondly, to provide a ‘toolbox’ to allow policy makers to use a consistent and harmonised

approach for externality numbers in all areas, ensuring transferability and uncertainty are taken

into account

The objectives of the project are toAdvance best practice in external cost assessment, and extend the ExternE analysis to

agriculture, industry, waste and other sectors.

Specific objectives of the work-plan are:

> to provide an inventory and critical review of existing externality studies in the sectors of

agriculture, industry, waste and other non-transport and energy applications

> to harmonise the methodologies in these sectors, ensuring consistency with existing best

practice approaches and methodologies in the transport and energy sectors, and for the first

time providing an integrated and common methodology for all areas of economic activity

> to undertake additional analysis to improve the methodologies for new sectors and

demonstrate their applicability in a policy context with case studies in the agricultural,

waste and industrial sectors. Where possible, this will use existing research models.

Note for agriculture, this will include analysis of external benefits

> to assess the transferability of the results and data, including application to new

member states. To this end, the research team includes a number of partners from

these countries


CONTRACT: GOCE-CT-2003-505368EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,200,000STARTING DATE: 01/01/2004DURATION: 30 months

www.methodex.org

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Marialuisa TAMBORRAPhone: + 32 2 29 50312Fax: + 32 2 29 50656e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORPaul WATKISSAEA TechnologyEnvironment, Policy GroupHarwell Business Park DidcotOX11 0QJUnited KingdomPhone: +44 870 190 6592Fax: +44 870 190 6327e-mail: [email protected]

Methods and Data on Environmental and Health Externalities: Harmonising and Sharing

of Operational Estimates (METHODEX)

44


> to engage policy-makers to maximise the usefulness of the study output (data and tools

for externality assessment). The study will seek input from policy-makers on how to improve

the access to, and usefulness of, these methods and data through workshops and through

the development of a policy toolbox for using the data.

> to identify the major gaps in current knowledge that limit application of high quality

externality studies for these new sectors and put forward research recommendations to fill

these gaps

> to make the key information in the new sectors available in the RED (Review of Externalities

Data) database (www.red-externalities.net), developed for DG Research

> to develop a ‘toolbox’ for policy analysis using externalities, that will facilitate future application

of good quality externalities work. This will include key areas of development in areas of

uncertainty and global warming. It will provide guidelines for presenting the results of particular

studies in standardised format

> To disseminate the results to stakeholders by electronic communication and by convening

workshops with interested parties

Expected ResultsThe strategic impact of this project arises through the harmonisation of tools for quantifying the

external costs across a wide range of sectors. It has been noted by members of the project team

that fundamental errors are still being made in externalities analysis, undermining the wider

credibility of the analysis.

A better understanding of external costs will serve to hasten the rate of environmental

improvement where such analysis is applied. In the absence of such methods the decision making

process comes down to the subjective judgement of those whose responsibility it is to reach

decisions, who in many cases may have limited knowledge of the environmental and social

problems that need to be addressed. A numeric perspective on the relative magnitude of different

effects provides a more structured basis for debate.

By providing a mechanism for improving the quality of analysis of environmental impacts and

costs, the decision making process in this area will become better informed. By standardising

the externalities approach, the methods should also become better established across Member

States, which will in turn facilitate more effective debate on developing legislation, planning

applications and so on.

The outputs of this work will be useful to policy makers, analysts and researchers in relation

to agriculture, industry, waste management and various other fields.

The study involves a number of innovative aspects:

> it gathers data and will harmonise externality estimates in the areas of agriculture, industry

and waste (i.e. non-energy and transport externalities)

> it will develop recommended consistent approaches and demonstrate these with case

studies for these new sectors

> it will develop specific tools to aid analysts derive future estimates, and to develop a

better understanding of the estimates that already exist

> it will identify the gaps in knowledge in these new sectors and make, and prioritise,

research recommendations to make the analysis of externalities analysis into these

new fields more complete

The project will contribute to the development of standards, policies and

regulations through dissemination of good practice in externalities assessment.

PARTNERS> Association pour la Recherche

et le Developpement desMethodes et Processusindustriels (ARMINES), Paris,France

> Univerzita Karlova V Praze,Prague (CUEC), CzechRepublic

> E-Co Tech AS, Oslo, Norway> Michael Holland, Reading

(EMRC), United Kingdom> Institut fuer

Energiewirtschaft undRationelleEnergieanwendung (IER),Universität Stuttgart,Germany

> Institute of OccupationalMedicine (IOM), Edinburgh,United Kingdom

> Istituto di Studi perl’Integrazione dei Sistemi(ISIS), Rome, Italy

> University of Bath, UnitedKingdom

> Universität Hamburg,Germany

> Uniwersytet Warszawski,Warsaw, Poland

> Clean Air Action Group,Budapest, Hungary

45


Objectives and Problems to be solvedHigh concentrations of heavy metals (HM) in the environment (air, water and soils) have been

the cause of concern for many years, as HM can have significant harmful effects on ecosystems

and human health. Recent studies carried out for the EC have identified potential risks due to

HM exposure of the European population and underlined the need for comprehensive policy

action. In this context, it is vital for policy makers to know the options to reduce HM emissions,

the impacts this will have both on HM concentrations along the full impact pathway, and finally

the costs and benefits of different options, in order to establish effective and efficient measures

to achieve the air quality targets for HM as identified e.g. by the World Health Organisation

(WHO). To this end, a comprehensive analysis covering all key heavy metals (Hg, Pb, As, Ni, Cd

and Cr), all relevant sources and their release paths through all environmental media (chemical

transformation and transport, deposition to different surfaces and accumulation in water and

soils) has to be carried out.

This analysis needs to comprise both a detailed assessment and compilation of state-of-the-art

emission control options (technical measures as well as behavioural changes) and their costs and

models and tools to conduct a sophisticated cost-benefit analysis.

The project aims to develop methods and tools to support European environmental policy making

in the specific case of reducing the harmful impacts of heavy metals. Heavy Metals (in particular

mercury, cadmium, chrome, nickel, lead and arsenic) from various sources contribute to ambient

concentrations in air as well as to the accumulation in water and soils, thus leading to the exposure

of the European population to HM levels causing a variety of adverse health effects. As the

problem spans different environmental media (air, water and soil) and at the same time has a

transboundary scope due to the transport and dispersion of HM emissions to air across the

hemisphere, it is vital to take a cross-media and trans-national approach. This is of particular

importance, as effective policies to reduce HM emissions in a harmonised way across Europe will

need to be integrated and targeted to find efficient and effective bundles of abatement measures

to achieve an overall optimal policy mix. To achieve this, the proposed project will conduct an

in-depth systems analysis to identify key sources, analyse and model dispersion, chemical

transformation and transboundary transport with state-of-the-art models. Furthermore, by

coupling chemical transport models (CTMs) with sophisticated water and soil models, the full

impact pathway of HM in the environment can be assessed. The assessment is completed by

conducting cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses (CEA/CBA) taking into account e.g. the

willingness-to-pay of European citizens and latest findings on the quantification of external

effects. In the context of the project, a feasibility study to assess macro-economic models to

identify potentials for their application in the context of heavy metal abatement strategies

will be carried out as well. This integrated and comprehensive assessment of the identified

abatement strategies finally leads to detailed results to aid the design and implementation

of European HM control strategies. In the course of the project, preliminary results – as far

as they are available according to the project workplan – will be made available to the EC

DG Environment to support the drafting of the Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution in early

2005.


CONTRACT: SSP1-CT-2003-502527EC CONTRIBUTION: €892,078STARTING DATE: 01/01/2004DURATION: 36 months

http://espreme.ier.uni-stuttgart.de

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Marialuisa TAMBORRAPhone: +32 2 2950312Fax: +32 2 2963024e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORProf Rainer FRIEDERICHIER - Department TFUUniversität StuttgartHessbrühlstr. 49aD-70565 StuttgartPhone: +49 711 78061-0Fax: +49 711 7803953e-mail: [email protected]

Estimation of willingness-to-pay to reduce risks of exposure to heavy metals and cost-benefit analysis for

reducing heavy metals occurrence in Europe (ESPREME)

46


Description of WorkThe approach takes into account the latest research findings on pollution and impacts from

heavy metals in Europe, such as the EC position papers on Ambient Air Pollution by As, Cs and

Ni Compounds (Working Group On Arsenic, Cadmium And Nickel Compounds – European

Commission 2000) and on Ambient Air Pollution by Mercury (Working Group on Mercury –

European Commission 2001). Furthermore, the results of a study from ENTEC (2001) on the

Economic Evaluation of Air Quality Targets for Heavy Metals are taken into consideration. In

order to assess the damage of heavy metals from their sources to environmental and health

impacts in the long term, the project takes into account the accumulative, time-integrated

impact of heavy metals by identifying critical loads and limits of concentration of heavy metals

in different environmental media. This is done through the compilation of detailed emission

inventories for all relevant heavy metals (base year 2000 and scenario for 2010), improving the

quality of the current datasets in terms of resolution (temporal, spatial and substance) and

accuracy, and applying the well established chemical transport model (CTM) from the EMEP MSC-

E to model dispersion of HM in air and deposition to water and soils. In order to model exposure

of HMs for humans, animals and plants, a sophisticated water and soil model is applied. To identify

emission reduction strategies, cost-benefit (CBA) and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) are carried

out. On the one hand, options and measures are identified to reduce the occurrence of negative

impacts from environmentally or epidemiologically harmful heavy metals, the costs of their

implementation and related aspects are analysed in detail, and scenarios for achieving compliance

with air quality limit values for HM are designed. These abatement options are assessed as to

their performance with regard to cost-effectiveness to achieve the targets, and used to evaluate

abatement costs vs. avoided damage costs from reduced levels of HM in a comprehensive CBA.

Finally, a comprehensive integration of technological and micro/macroeconomic approaches to

account for both the effectiveness of measures (including technologies and behavioural changes)

and the efficiency in terms of costs is required for a truly integrated assessment of costs and

benefits. Up to date, such an integrated framework bringing together state-of-the-art models

and including latest results on the monetary valuation of damages has not been established for

the assessment of heavy metal abatement. Hence, in a last step, a feasibility study will be

conducted which shall assess the ability of currently available macroeconomic models to evaluate

the effects of heavy metal abatement strategies.

Expected Results> Inventory datasets for the six heavy metals in the study

> An analysis of abatement options for the heavy metals

> Maps showing the concentration of heavy metals in the atmosphere and at ground level

> Assessment of available models and databases for their ability to analyse the macro-

economic effects of heavy metal abatement strategies

PARTNERS> NILU Norsk institutt for

luftforskning, Kjeller, Norway> Institute of Occupational

Medicine, Edinburgh, UnitedKingdom

> Institute for Ecology ofIndustrial Areas, Katowice,Poland

> IVL Swedish EnvironmentalResearch Institute Ltd,Stockholm, Sweden

> Meteorological SynthesizingCentre, Moscow, RussianFederation

> Consiglio Nazionale delleRicerche, Rome, Italy

> Czech HydrometeorologicalInstitute, Prague, CzechRepublic

> Etzel Müszaki SzolgáltatóBt, Budapest, Hungary

> NILU Polska, Katowice,Poland

47


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe project has four principal objectives:

1) improving and extending the methodology of ExternE, by updating epidemiology and monetary

valuation, making new sensitivity studies, and extending the scope to analyse energy supply

security and developing a new approach, based on multi-criteria analysis, for impact categories

that have defied quantification so far. The results of ExternE are reviewed by experts

2) providing an assessment of new technologies for power production, residential heating, and

transport

3) implementing the methodology in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland to determine the

external costs of energy production and of transport in these countries

4) involving policy-makers and stakeholders in the dissemination of the results, using two-way

communication via an internet site and e-mail

Description of Work1) The dose-response functions for health impacts and the monetary values of ExternE are updated

to take into account the world-wide research published in recent years. The scope of ExternE

is extended by estimating external costs due to the risk of energy supply disruptions. A further

extension is made towards quantifying impact categories for which monetisation has remained

elusive (visibility, damage to monuments of cultural value, etc) or is intrinsically problematic

(nuclear proliferation, risks of terrorism, etc). For this purpose an approach based on

MultiCriteria Analysis (MCA) is developed. It is close in spirit to real life decision-making and

enables intangible aspects that are difficult to translate into monetary terms to be ranked.

2) A life-cycle externalities analysis is carried out for new technologies such as fuel cells, (including

the impacts of hydrogen production), “clean coal” (e.g. integrated gasification), renewables,

hybrid and fuel cell vehicles and many others. Residential heating is also analysed.

3) The ExternE methodology is implemented in accession countries of Eastern Europe to

determine the external costs of electricity and transport.

4) Stakeholder involvement is solicited by electronic communication (internet site and e-mail).

Comments on the results of ExternE are solicited with standardised questionnaires, to

facilitate responses by the stakeholders and the interpretation of these responses. Policy-

makers are consulted, to make sure that they get the type of information they need (e.g.

many policy applications need typical values rather than site specific values).

Recommendations are developed for appropriate typical values.

Expected ResultsThe methodology of ExternE is improved and validated, and its scope extended (to energy

supply security and other impact categories that have not yet been considered). The majority

of new technologies for power production, residential heating, and transport are evaluated.

The methodology is implemented in Eastern Europe. A permanent internet site for ExternE

is created. In addition to the usual dissemination activities of publications and presentations

at workshops and conferences, the stakeholders and policy makers are involved in the

dissemination, using two-way communication via internet site and e-mail. Thus the

project can improve the taking into account of external costs in environmental policy

decisions in the EU, at all levels (local, regional, national and EU).

Externalities of Energy: Extension of accounting framework and Policy Applications (EXTERNE-POL)


CONTRACT: ENG1-CT-2002-00609EC CONTRIBUTION: €349,581STARTING DATE: 1/10/2002DURATION: 24 months

http://www.externe.info/index.html


COORDINATORAri RABL ARMINES 60, Boulevard St-MichelF-75272 Paris CedexPhone: +33 1 40 51 91 52Fax: +33 1 46 34 24 [email protected]

PARTNERS> IER, Stuttgart, Germany> VITO, Mol, Belgium> NTUA, Zografou Campus,

Greece> Bath, Bath, United

Kingdom> CUP, Szentendre, Hungary> PSI, Villigen, Switzerland> ENSMP, Paris, France> MEERI, Krakow, Poland

48


Dissemination and Discussion of the ExternEMethodology and Results (DIEM)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedExternE provides a method for estimating the external costs of energy conversion and

transport. DIEM opens up the ExternE user network and methodology to a wider audience. It

has the following specific objectives:

1) to organise expert workshops to discuss and review the major sources of uncertainty – dose-

response functions and monetary values – with the major experts in these fields to come to

conclusions on which functions/values to use according to current best knowledge

2) to disseminate the recent ExternE methodology and results from workshops in the light of

new developments, to harmonise the methods used as far as possible and disseminate these

to the users of the methodology

3) to build up a permanent ExternE Internet page that contains information about methodology

and existing results

4) to make the methodology and the results more widely known to stakeholders and policy

makers and provide a forum for discussions

Description of Work1) Two workshops are organised, one for dose-response relationships for impacts on human

health and one for monetary valuation of externalities from energy and transport. The major

experts in the respective fields are invited to discuss and review the currently used

relationships/values and to come to conclusions on which relationships/values to take according

to current best knowledge and which to take for sensitivity analyses.

2) In another workshop the information about new developments in the methodology is

exchanged, the usefulness of these developments is discussed and – as far as possible – the

methods used for estimating external costs are harmonised. Participants of this workshop are

teams, which are actively involved in carrying out external cost calculations.

3) A new, permanent web site for ExternE is established. This web site forms the backbone of

the dissemination activities, providing information on methodology and results.

4) A workshop for stakeholders and policy makers is organised to make the methodology and

the results more widely known and to provide a forum for discussing expectations and

reservations. These groups are sometimes still not sufficiently aware of the methodology

and how to use it for their purposes. Furthermore some may have encountered difficulties,

either in practical terms or with the acceptance of the methodology. There is therefore a

need and benefit to focus on making the ExternE methodology more accessible to potential

users and making its strengths more apparent.

Expected ResultsThe ExternE methodology for estimating external costs of energy conversion and transport

is harmonised and disseminated to teams carrying out external cost calculations and to

the public. Stakeholders’ and policy-makers’ awareness and acceptance of the

methodology are increased. To do so, expectations from and reservations towards the

methodology are discussed, as well as the possibilities of the methodology including

advantages and problems. This helps to encourage specific policy applications at EU

level, as well as in countries, regions and at other levels both inside and outside

the EU.

CONTRACT: ENK6-CT-2002-80652EC CONTRIBUTION: €149,991STARTING DATE: 01/11/2002DURATION: 18 Months

http://www.externe.info/diem.html


COORDINATORRainer FRIEDRICH and PeterBICKELUniversitaet Stuttgart - IERHessbruehlstrasse, 49aD-70565 Stuttgart Phone: +49 711 780 61 12 Fax: +49 711 780 39 53e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> ARMINES/ENSMP-CENERG,

Paris, France> University of Bath,

Claverton Down, UnitedKingdom

> VITO, Mol, Belgium> E-CO Partners as, Oslo,

Norway> IOM, Edinburgh, United

Kingdom

49


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe objective of this study is to analyse under what conditions and at what cost as a long-

term projection, the network would be able to supply reliable and stable electricity at all times

of the day and for every demand. The aim is to identify stable and least/low cost settings of

the electric network for the future, when large base load units such as fusion power plants will

supply electricity to the net, together with numerous distributed power plants (fuel cells) and

intermittent sources (wind and solar). The scope of this study will be concentrated on the EU.

Description of WorkThe research begins with the complete model of the European net in use by the Union for the

Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE). Making use of the DIgSILENT software tool

developed by the Department of Electrical Engineering of Rostok University, a refined model of

the future European electricity network will be developed. The existing model of fusion plants,

which is still preliminary, will be strongly enhanced in this research by a module that represents

the time dependence of the reaction of the plasma, the heat release by the “blanket” and the

“divertor” in a scale comparable to the time functions of the grid. Models of other technologies

such as coal, gas, fission, wind and PV plants already exist. The model of a solar thermal plant is

going to be developed.

The simulations will take into account the present background of an increasing liberalisation of

the electricity market, which is already driving power suppliers to new philosophies for dispatching

and power plant use which might be stretched even more in the long-term. Fusion has to fit in

the newly developed strategies.

Expected ResultsAs a result of the analysis of future European electric grids the possible role of fusion and of a

large number of intermittent electricity sources or distributed production, such as wind and solar

PV, should be assessed. In fact in a sustainable perspective, large centralised base load plants

should be supplementary to distributed and intermittent sources. The results of the studies can

provide information for technology development, especially with respect to plasma control and

blanket design.

Possible contribution of fusion base load power to future electricity grids (ELCGRID-FUS)


CONTRACT: TW2/3-TRE-FESA-AEC CONTRIBUTION: €26,000STARTING DATE: 01/01/2003DURATION: 24 months

www.efda.org


COORDINATORThomas HAMACHERInstitute of Plasma Physics -Max Plank GesellschaftBoltzmannstr. 2D-85748 Garching beiMuenchenPhone: +49 89 3299 1469Fax: +49 89 3299 2183e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Department of Electrical

Engineering, RostokUniversity, Germany

50


Net Present Value of fusion: cumulative R&D costs and long-term revenues (R&DVAL-FUS)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe study aims to identify the combinations of fusion power plant concepts and speed and

intensity of fusion research, development and deployment, which maximise the net present

value of fusion as an energy supply option.

The economic case is not immediately obvious, in part because of the significant time between

the investment in R&D and the expected return in energy supply. On the one hand it has been

argued in the past that returns expected only after several decades are reduced so substantially

by discounting that the investment cannot be worthwhile; on the other hand it is argued that

the future benefits are so large that almost any amount of expenditure today is worthwhile. A

true economic assessment must take account of both the discounting of future benefits and also

a realistic assessment of the size of those benefits.

Description of WorkFirstly the fusion development process is broken down into key stages associated with decision,

construction and successful operation of the main components of a fusion development

programme, ITER, IFMIF, DEMO, etc. The movement from one key stage to the next is represented

by a set of probability ranges and distributions, which are linked to internal technical/management

development and to external events, such as global economic failure or positive developments

in other energy systems which might stop the programme.

The model of the future energy market that is used is based on the many other studies that exist

rather than on new modelling. Also the cost of electricity and the possible contribution of fusion

to the electricity supply mix are introduced in a probabilistic way, allowing ranges with a specified

probability distribution.

The whole problem is then solved using a Monte Carlo technique to investigate different paths

through the development and implementation of fusion power. The results are given as

probability distributions. The results depend on discount rates.

Expected ResultsAs a result the study will determine the implications of the power plant conceptual studies for

the value of fusion as an energy option, including calculating the Net Present Value (NPV) of

fusion research, development and deployment.

The output will include determining a probabilistic description of fusion's introduction into

the energy market, as a function of assumed speed and intensity of development and

deployment, using the PPCS power plants as reference points. This will further allow the Net

Present Value of fusion development and deployment to be determined under a range of

assumed conditions.

The model can in future be used to optimise the development path and enumerate the

value of bringing forward aspects of the development, or the whole programme, to an

earlier date, even at the expense of increased cost or risk. It is already clear that delays

in decision-making, which are included in the model, have a large impact on the

calculated NPV.

CONTRACT: TW3/4-TRE-FESA-CEC CONTRIBUTION: €20,000STARTING DATE: 01/01/2003DURATION: 20 months

www.efda.org


COORDINATORIan COOKUKAEA FusionCulham Science Centre Abingdon OX14 3DBUnited KingdomPhone: +44 1235 466441Fax: +44 1235 466435e-mail: [email protected]

51


Objectives and Problems to be solvedQuantification of externalities from electricity production has made considerable progress,

however, internalisation of external costs has not been implemented broadly, due to lacking

information on the concept and its application as policy aid. Even though the Impact Pathway

Approach (IPA) developed in ExternE is accepted as the best way to calculate energy external

costs, results show considerable uncertainties and variations with different basic assumptions

in certain areas. The scientific task of reducing uncertainties is currently addressed in several

projects; identifying the assumptions to be used for decisions however requires consensus with

stakeholders. The main objective of this project is to translate and present the concept of

externalities, the quantification approach and results outside the scientific community.

Furthermore, a discussion of pros and cons between representatives from energy industry, policy

and NGOs will be initiated with the aim of reaching a consensus on methodology and values.

Description of workIn the first step a concept for internalisation of external costs of electricity production is developed

and optimal internalisation strategies are identified. Then, external cost values as required by

the internalisation instruments are calculated with the Impact Pathway Approach, based on the

latest scientific knowledge. This includes the synthesis and comparison of existing results on the

external costs of energy in Europe, also in the new Member States. In two workshops with

stakeholders from NGOs, policy and energy industry the approach, the values and the

internalisation instruments are presented and pros and cons as well as possible reservations

towards the concept and specific results are discussed. Based on the discussions, arguments to

overcome reservations are exchanged and suggestions for converging opposing standpoints are

made by explaining the underlying calculation process and justifying specific assumptions used.

Thus prepared, a third workshop is held with the aim of reaching consensus as far as possible.

Issues on which no consensus can be reached are documented, and implications of diverging

views on values as well as conclusions and decisions are explored. These “final” values and

strategies are disseminated to policy makers and to the public. Main dissemination activity is a

large symposium with politicians and other stakeholders.

Expected results and exploitation plansMAXIMA will provide an accepted scientific methodology for implementing electricity external

costs into European policy and will provide a consensual set of external cost estimates.

This will be disseminated to stakeholders and the public by conference presentations,

publications (among others on the Internet) and by a large symposium for presenting the

validated concept and results to policy-makers.

Dissemination of external costs of electricity supply - Making electricity external costs known

to policy-makers (MAXIMA)


CONTRACT: SSP6-CT2004-502480EC CONTRIBUTION: €585 909STARTING DATE: 1/5/2004DURATION: 18 Months

http://www.externe.info

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Domenico ROSSETTI DI VALDALBEROPhone: +32 2 296 28 11Fax: +32 2 299 49 91e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATOR:Prof. Dr. Rainer FRIEDRICHInstitut fuer Energiewirtschaftund RationelleEnergieanwendung, Universitaet Stuttgart, Hessbruehlstr. 49a D-70565 StuttgartPhone: +49 711 78061 12Fax: +49 711 7803953e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS: > ARMINES, Paris, France> University of Bath, Bath,

United Kingdom> CESI, Milano, Italy> ESD, Wiltshire, United

Kingdom> GLOBE Europe, Brussels,

Belgium> HELIO, Paris, France> University of Strathclyde,

Glasgow, United Kingdom> WWF, Brussels, Belgium> EdF, Chatou, France

52


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThis research intends to re-evaluate in physical as well as in monetary terms the externalities

associated with the decommissioning, restoration of site and recycling of material from future

nuclear power plant concepts, including fusion.

The externalities of electric power plants including fusion have been compared so far through

the impact pathway methodology, following the rules established by the ExternE project of the

European Commission. However, that exercise has been difficult, because emissions dispersions

impacts and damage are different and their final conversion to monetary values not always well

founded. This project aims at more robust analyses by limiting the comparison to technologies

with impacts and damage commensurable in physical units, not only in monetary values.

Description of WorkThe activity will firstly concentrate on the collection of data of mass, volumes and radiation

activity related to waste from a selected number of future nuclear power plant concepts. Among

them will be: the ITER experimental reactor and its first order extrapolation to a commercial fusion

power plant (water cooled) and a representative of generation III nuclear reactors which will be

available in 15-20 years time (advanced EPR). In the longer term (30 or more years) a couple of

helium cooled fusion power concepts and a couple of promising concepts suggested for the

development of generation IV nuclear reactors will be considered.

The research will then analyse radiation doses and environmental impact from the plants under

different recycling options – permanent waste disposal without recycling, with simple material

recycling and with complex material recycling. Emissions, damage, direct and external costs of

different technologies will be evaluated through the usual impact pathway methodology.

In this research project, activities will be updated during execution to take into account the most

promising research lines. The monetary evaluation of externalities will be benchmarked with

the ExternE values calculated in the previous studies of SERF (Socio-Economic Research in Fusion).

Expected ResultsAs a result of the study trade-offs between direct and external costs of different technologies

and options will give insight about optimal fusion power plant designs when environmental

impacts are considered. The resulting evaluations should provide the fusion research

community and more broadly energy analysts with material to consider fusion as a candidate

for electricity generation when the next generation IV (or V) nuclear reactors will enter the

market. The study should also provide pointers for improving the methodology to compare

and evaluate externalities.

CONTRACT: TW3/4-TRE-FESA-CEC CONTRIBUTION: €48,000STARTING DATE: 01/10/2003DURATION: 14 months

www.efda.org

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Giancarlo TOSATOPhone: +49 89 3299 4194Fax: +49 89 3299 4197e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORRiitta KORHONENVTT ProcessesPL 1602, FIN-02044 VTT,HelsinkiPhone: +358 9 456 5799Fax: +358 9 4567026e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> TEKES-VTT Energy,

Helsinki, Finland> VR-Studsvik Eco & Safety

AB, Nykoeping, Sweden

Review of environmental impacts and external costs offusion in scenarios including the full closure of the cycle(EXWASTE-FUS)

53


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe ultimate objective of RECORDIT was to improve the competitiveness of intermodal

transport in Europe – notably through the reduction of cost and price barriers that currently

hinder its development – while respecting the principle of sustainable mobility.

Achieving this goal will generate direct benefits in terms of:

> reducing the negative environmental impacts, as well as health and accident risks associated

to the transport activity

> increasing the quality of life (less congestion, reduced barriers to the use of space) and, in

general, enabling better working conditions and safety for those involved in the transport of

goods

Description of WorkThe RECORDIT project:

> Designed a comprehensive methodology for the calculation of real (internal + external) costs

of intermodal freight transport and for understanding cost formation mechanisms.

> Validated this methodology through its application to three meaningful European corridors.

> Analysed current charging and taxation systems to understand price formation mechanisms.

> Carried out a cost comparison for intermodal and all-road alternatives.

> Assessed current imbalances and inefficiencies.

> Developed a decision support module to foster generalisation.

> Identified and analysed technical and organisational cost reduction options.

> Formulated recommendations on public policies and business actions to reduce real costs and

to internalise external costs.

Expected/Final ResultsThe RECORDIT contribution was twofold:

> on the one hand, it identified priority areas where intermodal costs could be reduced through

a better organisation of services and a more effective and systematic use of efficient

technologies;

> on the other hand, it supported the EU pricing reform, whereby users are expected to pay

for the full costs arising from the production of the transport services, through the

incorporation in prices of the so-called negative externalities generated by those services

(environmental damages, congestion costs, accident risks, etc.).

The project also delivered an interactive software enabling to estimate the costs (internal

and external) of freight transport services along any intermodal or all-road corridor.

Real Cost Reduction of Door-to-door IntermodalTransport (RECORDIT)


CONTRACT: GRD1-1999-AM.11047EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,492,426STARTING DATE: 01/01/2000DURATION: 30 months

http://www.recordit.org

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Catharina SIKOWPhone: +32 2 29 62125Fax: +32 2 29 54349e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORAndrea RICCI Istituto di Studi perl’Informatica e i SistemiVia Flaminia 21I-00196 RomaPhone: +39 06 321 26 55Fax: +39 06 321 30 49e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Universität Stuttgart,

Germany> Zentrum für Europäische

Wirtschaftsforschung,Mannheim, Germany

> Gruppo Clas, Milano, Italy> TETRAPLAN A/S,

Copenhagen, Denmark> Cranfield University,

Bedford, United Kingdom> Ecole nationale des ponts et

chaussées (LATTS), Paris,France

> Netherlands Organisationfor Applied ScientificResearch, Delft

> National Technical Universityof Athens, Greece

54


UNIfication of accounts and marginalcosts for Transport Efficiency (UNITE)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedFair and efficient pricing of transport infrastructure use is a fundamental aspect of a sustainable

transport policy that takes account the full social costs and benefits of transport. UNITE supplied

policy-makers with the framework and state-of-the-art cost estimates to progress this policy.

Core objectives included:

1. developing pilot transport accounts for all modes, for the EU15 and additional countries;

2. providing a comprehensive set of marginal cost estimates relevant to transport contexts

around Europe;

3. delivering a framework for integration of accounts and marginal costs, consistent with public

finance economics and the role of transport charging in the European economy.

Description of WorkFirst, the overall UNITE methodology was established and the accounts approach and marginal

cost methodology created. These provided fundamental inputs into the integration of approaches.

In the second phase, emphasis moved towards the implementation of the accounts and marginal

cost methodologies, with parallel work on integration of approaches – with substantial

methodological development for both the accounts and the marginal cost approaches.

The final phase addressed future strategies to further develop core aspects of the project, and

results consolidation.

Expected/Final ResultsKey outputs included:

> theoretical development of alternative frameworks for the integration of transport accounts

and marginal cost estimates

> empirical results on the transport and economy-wide outcomes from alternative integration

approaches

> pilot transport accounts for 18 countries (EU-15, Estonia, Hungary and Switzerland), years

1996, 1998 and 2005, all significant passenger and freight modes

> guidance on future approaches to the development of transport accounts

> methodology advancing the state-of-the-art in marginal cost estimation

> empirical estimates of marginal costs for key cost, benefit and revenue categories, various

contexts around Europe, a wide range of passenger and freight modes

> guidance on transfering marginal cost estimates to new contexts

CONTRACT: GRD1-1999-AM.11157EC CONTRIBUTION: €3,247,275STARTING DATE: 01/01/2000DURATION: 33 months

http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/unite


COORDINATORProf. Chris NASHInstitute for transport studies,University of LeedsWoodhouse Lane LS2 9JT LeedsUnited KingdomPhone: +44 113 343 5325 Fax: +44 113 343 5334 e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Deutsches Institut für

Wirtschaftsforschung e.V.,Berlin, Germany

> NEI B.V., Rotterdam, TheNetherlands

> Katholieke UniversiteitLeuven, Belgium

> TIS.PT, Consultores emTransportes, Inovaçao eSistemas, Lisboa, Portugal

> Universität Karlsruhe, Germany> Swedish National Road and

Transport Research Institute,Borlänge, Sweden

> Universität Stuttgart,Germany

> Ecole nationale des ponts etchaussées (LATTS), Paris, France

> Herry Consult GmbH, Wien,Austria

> Universidad de Las Palmas deGran Canaria, Spain

> Istituto di Studi per l’Integra-zione dei Sistemi, Roma, Italy

> JP Transplan Ltd, Helsinki, Finland> Stratec S.A, Bruxelles, Belgium> Systema Systems planning &Management Consultants SA,Athens, Greece

> Government Institute forEconomic Research (VATT),Helsinki, Finland

> Ecoplan, Economic Research andPolicy Consultancy, Bern, Switzerland

> INFRAS, Zürich, Switzerland> Ekono Energy Ltd, Helsinki, Finland

> Linköping University, Sweden

55


Objectives and Problems to be solvedMC-ICAM addressed policy reform in pricing, aiming at

(i) defining optimal (full, first-best) end states in the short, medium and long term compared

to current situations – for all main passenger and freight modes, covering both urban and

interurban issues, and taking account of relevant technological, institutional and national

contexts

(ii) Determining the necessary or optimal (second-best) implementation steps – in terms of

recommendations for actual pricing measures (policy packages) and for modal and

geographical priorities

(iii) Carrying out in-depth modal level analyses (urban, interurban road, rail, air, water) of the

current pricing and other regulatory issues, and of the barriers to marginal cost pricing in

different mode

Description of WorkMC-ICAM examined optimal implementation (or transition) paths from a low pricing situation to

a situation with socially optimal pricing, in which users bear the full marginal social cost of their

activities. The optimal path is determined by the relative strength of technological, institutional,

acceptability of other barriers and constraints as well as decisions concerning the use of pricing

revenues. MC-ICAM evaluated the different paths by examining how they affect social welfare

over time, the technological/institutional changes which they generate/require, and the political

support for marginal cost pricing which they induce over time.

To complement theoretical analysis, selected geographic areas were examined, providing both

descriptive studies (of institutions, attitudes, acceptability, etc.) and numerical estimates of

optimal implementation policies. Policy recommendations on how to implement marginal cost

pricing were produced.

Expected/Final ResultsFor comprehensive synthesis and comparison, key results of the urban and interurban case

studies were presented in parallel, and discussed under five headings (key dimensions of

pricing):

> impacts of pricing system as a function of its scope

> optimal prices in phased implementation

> impacts of differentiation

> impacts of the use of revenues

> long-term impacts through land use

Implementation of Marginal Cost Pricingin Transport – Integrated Conceptual

and Applied Model Analysis (MC-ICAM)


CONTRACT: GRD1-2000-AM.25475 EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,771,871STARTING DATE: 01/04/2001DURATION: 27 months

http://www.mcicam.net


COORDINATORDr Esko NISKANEN / Prof.Chris NASHInstitute for transport studiesUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLS2 9JT LeedsUnited KingdomPhone: +44 113 343 5325 Fax: +44 113 343 5334 e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> Free University Amsterdam,

The Netherlands> Katholieke Universiteit

Leuven, Belgium> Netherlands Organisation


> Institute of TransportEconomics, Oslo, Norway

> ADPC SPRL, Rixensart,Belgium

> University of Tel Aviv, Israel> Research Centre of the

Athens University ofEconomics & Business,Greece

> Technische UniversitätDresden, Germany

> Swedish National Road andTransport Research Institute,Borlänge

> Istituto di Studi per l’Integra-zione dei Sistemi, Roma, Italy

> University of Antwerp, Belgium> Budapest University of

Technology and Economics,Hungary

> WSP Civils Ltd, London, UnitedKingdom

> The Hebrew University ofJerusalem, Israel

> Strafica Ltd, Helsinki, Finland

56


Implementing Pricing Reform in Transport – Effective Useof Research on Pricing in Europe (IMPRINT-EUROPE)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedThis Thematic Network is aimed at:

(i) bringing together policy-makers, operators, researchers and other stakeholders in order

to promote the implementation of fair and efficient transport prices

(ii) organising high profile, international seminars where the needs of policy-makers and the

findings of research were synthesised and debated

(iii) producing high quality reports summarising research and putting forward recommendations

on how to implement the required pricing reforms

Description of WorkIMPRINT-EUROPE served as a link between research and policy development and implementation,

with the aim to assist the implementation of pricing reform in transport based on marginal cost

principles. This was done both by drawing on the findings of previous and new research under

the 5th Framework Programme and by learning from the experience of the small number of

countries which have implemented pricing reforms based on marginal cost pricing.

Through active dissemination, the IMPRINT-EUROPE network has striven to ensure that the results

of research and policy debates come to be known and used by the wider transport policy-making,

operating and research communities across Europe. Through the consortium and the network

members and experts, IMPRINT-EUROPE brought together the key issues and state-of-the-art in

the field of implementation of pricing reform in transport.

The following seminars were organised in the course of the project:

> Seminar 1: “Key Requirements for Implementing Pricing Reform in Transport"

> Seminar 2: "Implementing Reform in Transport Pricing: Identifying Mode-Specific Issues”

> Seminar 3: "Implementing Reform in Transport Pricing: Constraints and Solutions. Learning

from Best practice"

> Seminar 4: "Implementing Pricing Policies in Transport: Phasing and Packaging”

> Seminar 5: "Charging for Heavy Goods Vehicles"

> Seminar 6: "Implementing pricing policies in transport – With special regard to NAS

countries"

> Final Conference

Expected/Final ResultsThe key areas in which IMPRINT-EUROPE reached conclusions regard:

> Measurement of marginal social cost

> Impacts, acceptability and phasing of pricing reform

> Key Issues for Newly Associated States

> Priorities for action

> Priorities for future research

CONTRACT: GTC1-2000-AM.28034EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,278,710STARTING DATE: 01/04/2001DURATION: 36 months

http://www.imprint-eu.org


COORDINATORProf. Chris NASHInstitute for transport studiesUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLS2 9JT LeedsUnited KingdomPhone: +44 113 343 5325Fax: +44 113 343 5334 e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> Istituto di Studi per

l’Integrazione dei Sistemi,Roma, Italy

> Forschungs- undAnwendungsverbundVerkehrssystemtechnik,Berlin, Germany

> Netherlands Organizationfor Applied ScientificResearch, Delft

> Government Institute forEconomic Research (VATT),Helsinki, Finland

> Budapest University ofTechnology and Economics,Hungary

57


POLICY INSTRUMENTS AND GOVERNANCE



Objectives and Problems to be solvedInnovation in cleaner production systems is recently regarded as one of the main economic

multipliers of the 21st century and a central instrument in decoupling economic growth from

environmental degradation. Still, it is acknowledged that there is much to be done to transit

from concept to implementation, in both the development of a new technological stock and

policies that encourage innovation towards cleaner integrated technologies. In the promotion

of the development, adoption and use of cleaner integrated technologies it is of primary concern

to know with clarity the structure and weight of incentives and disincentives and the capacity

of diverse economic and social actors to engage in environmental innovations.

There are some European Community policies already promoting new environmental

technologies in a variety of ways. But much of the potential of environmental technologies is

not realized because of different barriers that hinder their use. The Commission is developing a

comprehensive Action Plan to address the barriers that hinder the wider diffusion of

environmental technologies and to promote their development and use. POPA-CTDA is intended

to give critical input to the design of the European Environmental Technologies Action Plan

(ETAP) in the priority sectors outlined in the Gothenburg European Council: Transport, Agriculture,

Energy and Industry.

The aim of POPA-CTDA is to assess the issues driving and barriers slowing the development and

uptake of cleaner technologies across the energy, agricultural, transport and industrial sectors of

the economy. POPA-CTDA will clarify what are the barriers impeding progress of cleaner

technologies and what policy initiatives, and additional research tasks, are needed to address

these barriers. The output of this policy targeted research will be of particular use to policy makers

looking for new tools and insights into how to encourage innovation and use of cleaner

technologies and hence help in the practical implementation of sustainable development. This

POPA-CTDA proposes to explore the drivers, barriers and policy context for cleaner technologies

in each of the sectors, complemented by an in-depth analysis of 8 technology-specific case studies.

Description of WorkThe overall aim of POPA-CTDA is to contribute to the design of comprehensive and integrated

environmental and technology policies to promote pro-environment innovative behaviours in

firms across EU Member States and New Member Countries. Although the identification of

drivers and barriers is of primary importance to POPA-CTDA, once they are soundly identified,

strong emphasis will be placed in policy design. The work will involve:

1. mapping, measuring and prioritising the barriers hampering and drivers fostering the

development and use of new environmental technologies.

2. integrating the sources and drivers of firms’ environmental innovative behaviour in a

single and testable model in order to test hypothesis of causality between barriers, drivers

and propensity to innovate and actual past innovative behaviours.

3. simulating the most likely policy mix targeted to abate current barriers in order to foster

innovative behaviours in firms.

4. assessing the cost effectiveness of selected technologies and proposed policy measures.

5. exploring the likely generic effects of cleaner integrative technologies on the eco-

European industry in the sectors of interest of POPA-CTDA.

6. submitting to expert critical analysis of POPA-CTDA insights on barriers to

technological uptake and development, policy recommendations to address these

barriers and suggestions for the research agenda.

Policy Pathways to Promote the Development and Adoption of Cleaner

Technologies (POPA-CTDA)

P O L I C Y I N S T R U M E N T S A N D G O V E R N A N C E

CONTRACT: SSPI-CT-2003-502487EC CONTRIBUTION: €882,178STARTING DATE: 01/01/2004DURATION: 24 months

http://www.popa-ctda.net

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Nikolaos CHRISTOFORIDESPhone: +32 2 29 90695Fax: +32 2 29 63024e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORDr Carlos MONTALVOInstitute of Strategy,Technology and PolicyTNONetherlands Organisation forScientific Applied ResearchSchoemakerstraat 97PO BOX 6040NL-2600 JA DELFTPhone: +31 152695490Fax: +31 152695460e-mail: [email protected]

60


7. developing and disseminating practical working recommendations on policy initiatives,

changes in policies and, where relevant, methods and process of policy making that will

encourage greater uptake of cleaner technologies and greater pro-active efforts at

innovation / development of cleaner technologies.

8. developing and disseminating suggestions for new initiatives needed to complement the

existing research agenda on cleaner technology development and uptake.

9. providing the basis for the development of a new statistical system of behavioural indicators

(mainly for business activities) at a European level that would enable the long-term monitoring

of environmental and innovation policies implementation outcomes.

The analyses will combine extensive survey work into the reasons behind innovation and business

engagement in technology development and uptake, with stakeholder and expert consultation.

The analysis will differentiate between countries and industrial, economic and regulatory settings.

Conclusions on required policy instruments will distinguish between national and sectoral

differences and consider the possibilities as well as limitations of transferring policy measures

from one country or case study to another. Special effort will be placed on the design of policy

measures that define new environmental and technology policy pathways to tackle barriers that

hamper the development and diffusion of cleaner technologies. This will be done in a interactive

fashion with a broad range of stakeholders from the EU-15 and the new Member Countries.

Expected ResultsThe outcomes of POPA-CTDA will offer an additional paradigm of policy making by taking an

approach of constructive conflict resolution. Most environmental problems have as a main feature

a conflict between the individual interest in the short-term with the societal and individual

interest in the longer-term. In this respect innovation towards the development or adoption of

cleaner technologies could be a risky endeavour that could often play against the interest of

those firms engaging on it, as the risk of failure is high. By addressing the sources of this conflict

the policies designed as a result of POPA-CTDA will aim to induce behavioural change instead

of trying to regulate the behaviour of actors.

Further potential impacts cover the increased understanding of the barriers to clean integrative

technologies. Recommendations for, and subsequent implementation of key policy

recommendations should lead to a greater uptake of clean technologies, where otherwise end-

of-pipe solutions or indeed no solutions would have been in place (e.g., had there been

insufficient evidence of benefits or inappropriate policies). This is more likely to lead to

significant growth in win-win investments that offer economic benefits as well as

environmental benefits and fewer trade-offs between economic and environmental objectives.

The use of clean technologies should also lead to more environmental media-integrated

solutions to pollution control and hence help implement the agreed philosophy of integrated

pollution prevention and control. Finally there should be greater resource use efficiency by

tackling the environmental challenge during the production process (directly within sector

choice of technology or indirectly through household choice of better products), helping

decouple economic growth from resource use and pollution.

Finally, POPA-CTDA should prove valuable in helping the EU Member States to implement

the sustainable development strategies as well as helping meet targets. For example,

addressing barriers to clean technologies in the transport and energy fields, whether

in industry or household choices, should offer a necessary support to existing policies

and measures to implement the Kyoto protocol and meet the EU and national

greenhouse gas reduction targets.

PARTNERS> Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur

Förderung der AngewandtenForschung, Munich, Germany> Oesterreichische Akademie

der Wissenschaften, Vienna,Austria

> The Regional EnvironmentalCentre for Central andEastern Europe, Szentendre,Hungary

> Institute for EuropeanEnvironmental Policy,London, United Kingdom

> Göteborg Universitet,Sweden

> Joint Research Centre of theCommission of theEuropean Communities

61


Objectives and Problems to be solvedTo realize progress towards the ambitions on Sustainable Development, the EU and others

should set wise objectives and make sure that the implementation is taken care of in an

effective way. This requires proper policies and a consistent implementation process. To make

equitable decisions on which policies to develop and to review the progress made towards the

sustainable development goals, tools (i.e. methodologies, models, approaches and appraisals)

are needed that support strategy development, ex-ante sustainability impact assessments as well

as policy reviews.

The strategic objectives of the project are:1. to provide a consistent and peer-reviewed appraisal of the potential of common and emerging

tools (i.e. methodologies, tools, approaches and appraisals) for sustainable development related

assessments in support of the various stages of policy

2. to make the appraisal of the tools vis-à-vis key aspects of sustainable development

3. to provide and apply a common framework for the evaluation of the tools

4. to increase insights in how the various scientific tools relate to the requirements of participation

and consultation

5. to disseminate the results widely among assessment practitioners as well as users

6. to identify important and promising issues for targeting subsequent research

7. to build on the considerable knowledge with regard to integrated environment assessment

that is available among the members of the European Forum for Integrated Environment

Assessment (EFIEA) and in international organisations

Description of WorkThe project consists of 5 work packages (WPs).

The first 6 months in the project will be used to prepare a short draft description and analysis

of applications of all tools based on a literature review. “Preliminary tool overview and

evaluation papers” on all tools will be prepared, including a first evaluation of the different

tools for different policy questions in the areas of climate change, water and agriculture &

land-use based on a literature review and expert knowledge inside and outside the consortium.

This phase will also include an evaluation of how far predictions of past applications of tools

have been in line with outcomes of different policies (degree of fitness). Special emphasis

will be paid to modelling and simulation tools and monetary assessment tools. The literature

evaluations will focus on three areas: climate change, water and Agriculture & land-use.

In the first 3 months a smaller Design and Integration and Synthesis (I&S) group will identify

the key aspects of sustainable development that should be addressed by modern assessments

and against which the various methodologies and the results of phase 2 will be evaluated.

In the second phase of the project a case study on agriculture and land-use will be

undertaken, by applying a selection of tools to the case study. The exact case study

definition and method used to apply these tools to the case study will be defined in

phase 1.

Advanced Techniques For Evaluation Of Sustainability Assessment Tools

(Sustainability A-Test)


CONTRACT: GOCE-CT-2003-505328EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,300,000STARTING DATE: 01/03/2004DURATION: 30 months

http://www.sustainabilityA-test.net


COORDINATORDr Marjan VAN HERWIJNENVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1087NL-1081HV AmsterdamPhone: +31 20 5989594Fax: +31 20 4449553e-mail:[email protected]

62


In the third phase the “I&S team” will compare and combine the results from the first two

phases and make a “tool-by-tool” appraisal of all methods. This will result in:

> an overview of the different methodologies that can be used in assessments related to

sustainable development

> a comparison between the different methodologies in terms of what they can best be used

for, considering content (for example time horizon) as well as practical aspects (for example,

resources required)

> a conceptual framework of the relation between the different tools and concepts

The I&S team will also take a fresh look at the initial vision of the key aspects of SD as defined

in the first phase, and refine it where necessary.

The resulting framework helps us understand how the methodologies relate to each other and

what types of questions they can or cannot answer. Conceivably it will also be used to discuss the

combination of methodologies in complex assessments, serving different decision contexts.

Dissemination activities will ensure that the results are spread as widely as possible.

Expected ResultsThe outcome will be an overview and evaluation framework of methodologies, models, approaches

and appraisals (the “toolbox”), and give better insights in how these different tools are defined

and how they relate to each other. This will be presented in an evaluation matrix, showing which

tools can be part of which methods or approaches to measure and assess the three pillars of

sustainable development (SD) and strategy definition, with focus on state of the art modelling

and simulation tools, monetary assessment tools and stakeholder analysis and modelling.

The measurable end result that is aimed at will be a framework that gives:

1. an overview of the different possible sustainable development assessment tools

2. the pros and cons of each tool under different circumstances; (including a description of what

tool, method or form of appraisal can be best used in which circumstances; what a tool or

method can deliver and what it cannot deliver, comparison of costs, time horizon etc.)

4. an analytical evaluation framework of the relation between the different tools and concepts

5. adjusted and partially combined tools for improved decision support for sustainable

development assessment and strategy definition. The evaluation hinges on two basic questions:

> whether the application of a given method or tool, as part of assessments, can address

the various key aspects of sustainable development (for example, irreversibility), and

> whether a given method or tool, as part of assessments, matches the information

requirements of the various policy processes to be supported (for example, timeliness

or country-level breakdown)

After this project there will be deeper insights for policy-makers and those carrying out

sustainability impact assessments, what tools they can use best in decision-making or

assessment processes, given the available resources and the desired scope of the process.

This can clearly improve the quality of the decision-making or assessment process and

thus improve sustainability assessments and the sustainable development strategy

definition.

PARTNERS> University of East Anglia,

Tyndall Centre for ClimateChange Research, UnitedKingdom> Universität Osnabrück-Institut

für Umweltsystemforschung,Germany

> Institute for RuralDevelopment Research,Goethe University Frankfurt,Germany

> Rijksinstituut voorVolksgezondheid en Milieu,The Netherlands

> Czech EnvironmentalInstitute, Czech Republic

> Potsdam Institute forClimate Impact Research,Germany

> Joint Research Centre, Italy> Stockholm Environment

Institute, Sweden> Universiteit Maastricht,

ICIS, The Netherlands> Unversität Kassel, CESR,

Germany> Universitat Autonoma de

Barcelona, ICTA, Spain> Ecologic, Institute for

International and EuropeanEnvironment Policy,Germany

> Fondazione Eni EnricoMattei, FEEM, Italy

> Wuppertal Institut fürKlima, Umwelt und EnergieGmbH, Germany

> Institute for EnvironmentalScience and Management,University of Latvia

> University of Twente, TheNetherlands

> University of BritishColumbia, Canada

63



Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe project represents a major effort in five countries to promote the development of a“European approach” to public participation and trustworthy decision processes in the areaof nuclear waste management. It uses a methodology for integrating scientific, proceduraland organisation aspects within a consistent framework for improved transparency. The projectprovides a “map” of values in performance assessment, a review of dialogue processes andhearing formats, a diagnosis of organisational structures and an understanding of theorganisational impact on transparency. Possibilities and limitations of the Internet as a meansfor communication on social issues in the context of large industrial projects is also highlighted.A series of workshops give ample opportunities to communicate approaches, methods andresults across the European Union.

Description of WorkSome eleven organisations (including waste management organisations, regulatory bodies,universities, utilities, consultants) from five European countries have participated in the project.Each of the participating countries are at different stages in the decision-making process forselecting disposal facilities and this has enriched the project through the diversity of contexts.The RISCOM model, which has previously been applied in Sweden and to a limited extent in theUnited Kingdom, is at the heart of the project and has been used to evaluate transparency indecision-making, in particular with respect to technical and scientific issues, normative issues andauthenticity. A number of different approaches or procedures for achieving effective publicparticipation and transparency have been analysed and some experimentally tested. An evaluationhas been made in each of the three countries (France, Sweden and the United Kingdom) of howstructural and organisational issues within the national nuclear waste management system (ie,both within and between organisations) affect transparency. The findings, while specific to thecountries and organisations evaluated, will have broader relevance. Particular attention is givento value laden issues in performance assessments to enable a better distinction to be drawnbetween what are facts and values. Greater clarity on this matter has the potential to promotemore effective communication between all parties when evaluating and drawing conclusionsfrom the results of performance assessments. Workshops were held periodically as the projectprogressed to enable timely exchange and feedback with end users and others actively engagedin these issues.

The approach being adopted by the project is unique in integrating substantive, procedural andorganisational issues within a consistent framework for improved transparency. It has the potentialto make a substantial contribution to identifying what is needed to achieve more transparentand trustworthy decision processes, both in the area of waste management and more generally.

Expected ResultsThe results of the project will be disseminated through published reports and a website:

(http://www.karinta-konsult.se/RISCOM.htm).

The project provides a “map” of values encountered in performance assessment, a review ofdialogue processes and hearing formats, diagnosis of organisational structures andunderstanding of the organisational impact on transparency, consensus statements from agroup of key actors, production and evaluation of a school website. Recommendations willbe made on procedures and strategies for improved dialogue processes, hearing formatsand performance assessment. The project has six work packages: Public values andperformance assessment (WP-1); Organisation field study (WP-2); Team Syntegrity meeting(WP-3); Dialogue processes (WP-4); Hearing formats (WP-5); and Workshops (WP-6).

Enhancing transparency and public participation innuclear waste management (RISCOM II)

CONTRACT: FIKW-CT-2000-00045EC CONTRIBUTION: €799,821STARTING DATE: 01/11/2000DURATION: 36 months

http://www.karinta-konsult.se/RISCOM.htm

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Neale KELLYPhone: +32 2 29 56484Fax: +32 2 29 54991e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORMagnus WESTERLINDSwedish Nuclear PowerInspectorateP.O. Box 6048SE-10658 StockholmPhone: +46 8 6988684Fax: +46 8 6619086e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> Swedish Radiation

Protection Institute,Stockholm, Sweden

> Karinta Konsult HB, Taeby,Sweden

> Electricité de France, Paris,France

> IRSN, Fontenay-aux-Roses,France

> United Kingdom Nirex Ltd.,Chilton, United Kingdom

> The Environment Agency ofEngland and Wales, Bristol,United Kingdom

> Posiva Oy, Helsinki, Finland> Nuclear Research Institute

Rez A.S., Prague, CzechRepublic

> Galson Sciences Ltd.,Oakham, United Kingdom

> University of Lancaster,Lancaster, United Kingdom

64


Democratic Participation in Urban Governance (Demos)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe Demos Project links city councils and research organisations in seven European countries

in innovation on citizen participation in local government. Demos responds to concerns about

citizen apathy and mistrust of government, and to opportunities to revitalise local democracy.

Cities across Europe recognise the need for innovative mechanisms for devolved, participatory

local governance but past experience shows there are no easily-applied models which can

engender productive local participation in governance in all municipalities. The record in many

cities has been one of initial enthusiasm for devolved governance followed by failure to achieve

practical, sustainable outcomes. These recurring failures have resulted in disinterest and even

cynicism about governance on the part of citizens, and a discrediting of the concept of devolved

participation amongst politicians and officers in local governments.

Demos participants believe that healthy local democracy is the foundation of democratic

participation at all levels, including that of the European Union and the project actively contributes

to key EU policies on governance, urban issues, sustainable development and social inclusion.

Description of WorkDemos seeks to foster understanding of effective options for enhanced citizen participation in

urban governance by piloting and assessing a range of practical initiatives ranging from

decentralised, neighbourhood-based initiatives to city-wide e-governance. Up until now research

has not widely assisted local municipalities in breaking the cycle of failed initiatives described

above. Research has tended to be carried out in a disinterested or neutral observer model,

commenting on failed initiatives at a time when it is too late to constructively influence those

initiatives. Demos takes an action research approach to provide continual assessment of pilot

actions tested in the partner cities and constructive feedback and training. Dissemination of the

replicable learning resulting from the project is designed to contribute to the development of

European policy and practice.

Expected/Final ResultsThe Demos website includes a database and report of Good Practice in Citizen Participation in

Local Government along with reports detailing the conceptual framework, and an assessment

framework of indicators of achievement in citizen participation in municipal governance.

Guidelines for pursuing innovations in local governance will be showcased at the project’s

final conference to take place in June 2004.

www.demosprojectconference.org.


http://www.demosproject.org

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Brian BROWNPhone: +32 2 29 63628Fax: +32 2 29 50656e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORMs Sara THIAMPCity of Edinburgh Council,Department of CorporateServices12 St Giles StreetEdinburgh EH1 1PTUnited kingdomPhone: +44 1314693835 Fax: +44 1314693933 e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> City of Utrecht Council, The

Netherlands> Aberdeen City Council,

United Kingdom> City of Turku Council,

Finland> ENA Chios SA, Island of

Chios, Greece> Krakow City Council, Poland> City of Antwerpen Council,

Belgium> Stadt Solingen, Germany> Heriot-Watt University,

Edinburgh, United Kingdom> Stichting Verwey-Jonker

Instituut, Utrecht, TheNetherlands

> University of Turku, Finland> University of the Aegean,

Chios, Greece> Katholieke Hogeschool

Mechelen, MEMORI ResearchInstitute - Mechelen, Belgium

> Eurocities, Brussels, Belgium> Convention of Scottish Local

Authorities, United Kingdom> Deutscher Städtetag, Germany

65


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe aim of the project was to analyze and develop strategic planning methodologies and

scientific tools for the integrated water management in transboundary watersheds located

on the existing and future borders of the European Union. In accordance with the EU Water

Framework Directive the project has developed recommendations for institutional mechanisms

and policy instruments for decision making on water management of transboundary

watercourses and international lakes located on the fringes of the European Union

Several lakes and rivers cross the boundaries between countries. Management of transboundary

waters is complicated since there is not one government to manage international waters and

bordering states may have different languages, cultures, as well as different water management

legislation and institutional structures. The number of agreements on transboundary waters in

Europe is approximately 160 and shows an increasing trend. The special importance of building

cooperation on transboundary waters through development of trust, personal contacts, and

understanding has been fully recognized.

Description of WorkThe MANTRA-East project will improve the scientific approaches and strategies for the integration

of ecological, socio-economic, information and policy aspects of water management, particularly

emphasizing eutrophication and nutrient-related environmental problems in the Eastern

European fringe areas. The research program was structured according to four different modules:

> Module 1 “Ecological Status and Strategic Nutrient Tools”

> Module 2 “Environmental Information for Policy- and Decision makers”

> Module 3 “Policy Instruments and Institutional Mechanisms”

> Module 4 “Integration, synthesis and end-user participation”

and benefited from knowledge and expertise coming from a number of different disciplines.

Lake Peipsi, the largest international lake in Europe, was selected as a first pilot region. It is

shared by one EU-accession state (i.e. Estonia) and one non-EU state (i.e. Russia), and thus of

high relevance for the future environmental management of transboundary waters on the

European fringe. Vistula Lagoon was selected as the second pilot region because it is one of

the largest international estuarine basins in Europe. It is shared by one “new Member State

(i.e. Poland) and one non-EU state (i.e. Russia).

Integrated strategies for the management of transboundarywaters on the Eastern European fringe - The pilot study of

Lake Peipsi and its drainage basin (MANTRA-East)



http://www.mantraeast.org

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Hartmut BARTHPhone: +32 2 29 56452Fax: +32 2 29 52097e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORDr. Per STALNACKEJORDFORSK - Centre for Soiland Environmental Research1432 AasNorwayPhone: +47 649 48100Fax: +47 649 48110e-mail:[email protected]

66


Expected/Final ResultsThe MANTRA-East actions/activities and expected outcome were:

> improve the scientific approaches and strategies for the integration of ecological, socio-

economic, information and policy aspects of water management, with an emphasis on

eutrophication and nutrient-related environmental problems

> scientifically evaluate and improve upon approaches and strategies for the management of

transboundary lake and river basins on the Eastern European fringe

> develop strategies for effective transboundary water management under conditions of

transition and uncertainty including the management of environmental issues in border regions

of the enlarged EU

> evaluate the WFD criteria and work out a set of informative parameters, which could be used

in ecological status assessment of lake and river basins located on the Eastern European fringe

> evaluate and assess the riverine and lake response of nutrient loads to large-scale decreases in

anthropogenic activity as well as the future consequences of such changes

> improve upon and stimulate the development of models that are suitable for the analysis of

nutrient fluxes at the river basin scale

> perform the first comprehensive pan-European study of the role and use of environmental

information within transboundary water region

Details and final reports can be found on the website of the project.

PARTNERS > Royal Institute of Technology,

Stockholm, Sweden> University of Tartu, Estonia> Utrecht University, The

Netherlands> Estonian Agricultural

University> Russian State

HydrometeorologicalUniversity

> Przedsi_biorstwo Badan IDoradztwa Gomor SP Z O.O.,Gdansk, Poland

> Institute of Hydro Engineering- Polish Academy ofSciences, Gdansk

> Sea Fisheries Institute,Gdynia, Poland

> Institute for Inland WaterManagement and WasteWater Treatment, Lelystad,The Netherlands

> Center for TransboundaryCooperation, Tartu, Estonia

> Linkoeping University,Sweden

> Tallinn Technical University,Estonia

67


CONTRACT: EVK1-CT-2002-00113EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,620,259STARTING DATE: 01/01/2003DURATION: 36 Months

http://www2.epfl.ch/mir/page18246.html


COORDINATORProf. Wim VAN VIERSSENInternational Institute ofInfrastructural, Hydraulic andEnvironmental Engineering,Ihe-Delft Management andInstitutions Dept.Westvest 7, NL-2601 DA DelftPhone: +31 15 2151701Fax: +31 15 2122921e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Water Institutions and

Management CompetenceCentre MIR, EPFL - SwissFederal Institute forTechnology BatimentOdyssea, Ecublens,Lausanne, Switzerland

> Université Catholique deLouvain, Louvain-La-Neuve,Belgium

> ECOLOGIC - Institute forInternational and EuropeanEnvironmental Policy, Berlin,Germany

> Université de Paris VIIIVincennes à Saint-Denis, SaintDenis, France

> Ecole Nationale du GénieRural, des Eaux et Forets,Montpellier, France

> Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain> Università Commerciale “Luigi

Bocconi”, Milano, Italy> Delft University of Technology,

The Netherlands> University of Birmingham, United

Kingdom> International Institute for

Infrastructural, Hydraulic andEnvironmental Engineering, Delft,The Netherlands

Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe consortium will address a main issue which has not yet been analysed at an European

level, i.e., the possible and even likely liberalization of the water sector. Without taking a pro-

or an anti-liberalisation position, this research will look at the implications of this liberalisation

process in economic, ecological, social, legal, and institutional term studying the likelihood,

the nature, and the forms water liberalisation may take in Europe in the foreseeable future.

It will provide recommendations for local, national and European policy-makers, as well as for

water professionals, on how to manage such a process.

Description of WorkThe project will contribute, from an empirical point of view, to better water management by

providing an in-depth case-study of the European water market in the U.K., France, Germany,

Italy, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. EUROWATER -Institutional Mechanisms

for Water Management in the Context of European Environmental Policy – tackled, in a somewhat

comparable way, similar issues under the third Framework Programme (1990-1994).

The project would also aim at providing a new theoretical understanding of the interactions

between the water supply and sanitation sector’s dynamics, the enterprises’ behaviours and

strategies, and the emerging regulatory activities. More precisely, this research project wants to

offer a better understanding of the three dynamics and their interactions both from an empirical

and from a theoretical point of view. Trying to report, for example on:

> How the enterprises’ strategies and behaviour affect the sectoral dynamics and structure (e.g.,

concentration processes), as well as regulation and the behaviour of the regulators

> How the evolution of the water supply and sanitation sector influences the enterprises’, as

well as the regulators’ behaviour at various levels (national, local, EU) – sectoral dynamics

> How legislation and subsequently regulation drives the enterprises’ strategies and behaviour

and subsequently the sectoral dynamics

Expected/Final ResultsThe results of this research will constitute a first step towards understanding the current

dynamics that are transforming the water sector nowadays. Environmental, financial and even

institutional pressures are moving the water sector towards a more market-based approach,

which will lead to important implications in economic, ecologic, social, political, organisational,

institutional and legal terms. This study will crystallize the potential choices national and in

particular EU policy-makers will have to make in order to establish a more comprehensive

and integrated water management policy.

Moreover, the current de facto and possible de jure liberalisation of the European water

sector is a sensitive thus potentially ‘politicised’ issue. The research project will contribute

to “depoliticize” the issue and highlight the underlying logic and problems encountered

with the liberalization of water services. During the fourth phase of this project interviews

and feedback consumer groups will be collected. Dissemination towards consumers will

essentially be done with general public conferences and through newspaper articles.

Finally, this research also aims at providing a new theoretical design for the study of

international political economy and in particular the role of transnational

corporations in liberalization policies.

Water liberalisation scenarios: An empirical analysis ofthe evolution of European water supply and sanitation

sectors (EUROMARKET)


68


Instruments and networks for developing logisticstowards sustainable territorial objectives (INNESTO)


http://www.districtlogistics.net


COORDINATORDr Filippo STRATIStudio Ricerche SocialiVia G.B. Amici 20I-50127 FIRENZEPhone: +39 055 5000606Fax: +39 055 5002202e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Province of Arezzo, Italy> Roskilde University,

Denmark> EURES, Freiburg, Germany> NEA, Rijswijk, The

Netherlands> Grupo Entorno, Sevilla,

Spain

Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe present logistics restructuring process is dominated by macro-strategies imposed by larger

companies and logistics operators, which have led to negative impacts in a number of industries

and geographical areas. The INNESTO project is focused on developing innovative territorial

solutions through the integration of different disciplines and interests with the participation

of key stakeholders: organisational efficiency (small and medium sized enterprises), quality of

services (logistics and transport operators), spatial planning (public authorities) and quality of

life (social communities).

The overall goal is to improve the quality of life in a specific local context and optimise the

connection between networks of local production and markets of consumption. This is achieved

by meeting the following specific objectives:

> To provide a common theoretical and operational framework for Sustainable District Logistics

(the SDL approach) in order to reduce logistics costs (economic, social and environmental),

integrating the concepts of Sustainable Development, Governance, Corporate Social

Responsibility within business and district planning

> To develop new ICT-based technical and social tools for supporting local capacity and strategic

decisions

> To test these tools in different territorial areas to demonstrate their efficiency in adding value

to local diversities and resources

> To exchange experiences and to disseminate the results to a wider European audience.

Description of WorkA number of methodologies are integrated within the SDL approach, e.g. SQM (Sustainable

Quality Management) analysis, scenario workshop development, participatory involvement of

local stakeholders, networking and communication exchange between study sites, decision

support framework.

Expected ResultsExperimenting with the SDL approach and tools, the research teams developed hypotheses of

innovative actions in five local case studies. These are 1) energy production from biomass and

urban waste (Vega de Guadalquivir, Spain); 2) global and local logistics of small and medium

sized enterprises (Viborg, Denmark); 3) cross-border inter-modal (waterways, rail and road)

co-operation between public and private sectors (Trier / Luxembourg – Germany); 4) virtual

networks between independent transport companies to increase transport efficiency

(Northern Brabant, The Netherlands); 5) an integrated “Sustainable accessibility plan”

(Casentino Valley, Italy). An extensive set of indicators has been created to evaluate long-

term logistics perspectives.

Stakeholders have participated in specific groups aimed at developing a Local Context

Analysis (Local Advisory Group), a District Logistics Analysis (Local Project Group) and to

identify development visions and paths (Local Scenario Workshop).

An Internet-based system (SDL.development) is put in operation to implement the

INNESTO analysis methods. A Communication Platform has been used to favour ongoing

mutual information among the INNESTO partners along with the project web site

accessible to the generic public.

At the end of the project, dissemination as well as tool development will continue

through a European SDL Network and the related European SDL Charter, which

will be launched by a final European Conference in Italy in June 2004. 69


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe overall objective of REGIONET was to provide an integrated and interdisciplinary approachto support the implementation of sustainable development in regions across Europe.

Description of WorkOne key activity within REGIONET was the organisation of workshops on regional sustainabledevelopment:

Workshop 1: “Regional Sustainable Development: The Role of Structural Funds”, 9-11 September2002, Seggau, AustriaThe main aim was to elaborate on the experiences made in the regions with sustainabledevelopment and how this has been promoted through the Structural Funds.

Workshop 2: “Regional Sustainable Development: Strategies for Effective Multi-levelGovernance”, 29-31 January 2003, Lillehammer, NorwayThis workshop critically assessed the conceptual nature and current reality of decision-makingfor regional sustainable development in Europe.

Workshop 3: “Regional Sustainable Development: Evaluation Methods and Tools”, 11-13 June2003, Manchester, United KingdomThe objective was to compare existing evaluation methods, tools and indicators for the purposeof fostering regional sustainable development.

Workshop 4: “Regional Sustainable Development: Results of the REGIONET Project”, 14-16 January2004, Brussels, BelgiumThe final workshop synthesised and integrated knowledge gathered in the course of the wholeREGIONET project and tried to establish regional partnerships.

Expected ResultsGenerally, there is an extremely varying way of defining and understanding of what sustainabledevelopment means on the regional level in Europe. The individual needs for development ona sub-national level determine to a large extent the shape of policies and programmes in theregions when they are translated into action.

The ecological dimension of sustainable development is overwhelmingly stressed in theperformance of RSD in the regions. The economic and social dimensions of sustainabledevelopment figure less prominently on the regional efforts for RSD.

Moreover, the understanding of RSD refers largely to rural areas. Agglomerations and big city-regions are missing even though they are the most critical spatial setting for sustainabledevelopment issues.

The workshops showed that RSD in Europe needs new forms of management on the regionallevel. It is, however, still open for discussion what these new management units should looklike. The LEADER action groups are one good example of how a policy tool has a directimpact on the formation and new constellations of actors or new development networks.

The accession countries show a very heterogeneous structure when it comes to the question ‘whois the region’. The range of recipients of EU development aims and programmes vary fromregional voluntary groups of actors with specific development aims to national governments.

The topic of evaluation methods and tools also brought some important conclusions.An integrated framework should link together different evaluation methods and toolswith other dimensions of the policy process. The ideal of an integrated framework islikely to remain out of reach in the sense that no one method or tool can deal withall possibilities at all levels in a large organisation. However, it is possible to envisagean integrated framework which is like a connected set of tools rather than one

tool which can do any job.

Thematic Network: Strategies for Regional SustainableDevelopment. An integrated Approach beyond Best

Practices (REGIONET)



www.iccr-international.org/regionet


COORDINATORDr Ronald J. POHORYLESThe Interdisciplinary Centrefor Comparative Studies inthe Social SciencesSchottenfeldgasse 69/1A-1070 ViennaPhone: +43 1 5241393Fax: +43 1 5241393200e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> CURE, University of

Manchester, UK> Institute for Ecological

Economy Research (IOEW),Germany

> Graz University ofTechnology, Austria

> ProSus, University of Oslo,Norway

> Széchenyi István Universityof Applied Sciences,Hungary

> Polish Academy of Sciences,Poland

> University of Tours, France> University of Trento, Italy> University of Thessaly,

Greece> Bulgarian Academy of

Sciences, Bulgaria> CIR, France> University of Economics,

Prague, Czech Republic> University of Lisbon, Portugal> Centre for the Enterprises and

the Environment (CEMA),Catalonia, Spain

> South East Regional Authority,Ireland

70


Benchmarking Sustainable Services for the HousingSector in the City of Tomorrow (HOMESERVICES)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedThis project focuses on how to reduce environmental burden, create jobs, and make companies

more competitive by replacing products with services that fulfil the same needs of the consumer.

Previous studies show that consumers must be able to use such services (e.g. car sharing) as

conveniently as products owned by themselves. Therefore, the project concentrates on the

conditions necessary for providing these services directly at home. Studies show that co-operative

marketing strategies of housing organisations and service providers must be applied in order

to develop convenient and cost-efficient services.

Therefore, the principal actors in this field are the:

l. housing sector

2. service providers, and

3. users themselves

Description of WorkThe main objective of this project is to stimulate the introduction of sustainable services, which

are provided directly at the client’s home. These services are called homeservices in this project.

The HOMESERVICES project is focused on:

1. describing the present situation of technical, social, knowledge or mobility-oriented services

which are or may be provided directly at home by the housing sector or any other institution

2. analysing the environmental, economic, and social effects of these services

3. analysing the tenants’ attitudes towards these services

4. evaluating representative housing pilot projects in the participating cities in order to analyse

which factors facilitate or hinder the development of innovative buildings with a broad set

of services

5. analysing the services’ obstacles and promoting factors

6. benchmarking the housing sector and other suppliers as providers of services, based on the

balanced scorecard approach

7. comparing 12 European cities

8. developing an ideal scenario

9. creating a service catalogue and carrying out workshops with possible providers and other

actors in order to guarantee the dissemination of results

Expected/Final ResultsWe assume that a market for services directed towards households and individuals exists,

but that it has to be accessed through innovative concepts. Due to the proximity to the

residents, the housing sector may play a key role in promoting sustainable services by

> initiating these services

> offering these services in co-operation with small and medium-size service providers, and

> creating the structural framework for offering these services


http://www.sustainable-homeservices.com

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Vincent FAVRELPhone: +32 2 29 93710Fax: +32 2 29 50656e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORDr Christine JASCHRechte Wienzeile 19/5A-1040 ViennaPhone: +43 1 5872189Fax: +43 1 5870971e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> National Laboratory for

Engineering and IndustrialTechnology (INETI), Lisbon,Portugal

> Institut fuerZukunftsstudien undTechnologieberwertungGmbh (IZT), Berlin,Germany

> Helsinki School ofEconomics, Department ofManagement, Helsinki,Finland

> Prospektiker S.A., InstitutoEuropeo de Prospectiva yEstrategia, Zarautz, Spain

> Interfacultaire VakgroupMilieukunde UVA b.v(IVAM), Amsterdam, TheNetherlands

71


Objectives and Problems to be solvedAfter more than ten years in which local authorities across Europe have been leading planning

processes, developing policies and implementing projects for local sustainable development,

research and tools for evaluation have become necessary. For the 2,000 local authorities that

have expressed their commitment to sustainable development by signing the Aalborg Charter,

this can only be realised through self-evaluation. It needs to be based on standardised, research-

backed tools that integrate the perspective of both the local authority and stakeholder

organisations.

Description of WorkThe LASALA project developed a framework for self-evaluation of Local Agenda 21 processes

which was used by more than 150 local authorities. It constituted the first scientific evaluation

of Local Agenda 21 processes on a European, comparative level. The LASALA-online Accompanying

Measure established Local Evaluation 21 as on-line, easy-to-access platform for self-evaluation.

The self-evaluation is based on a set of criteria derived from the Public Administration Evaluation

Model which were adapted for the topic of sustainable development. They also take into account

the Aalborg Charter commitments and the European Common Indicators. They are assessed

through 2 questionnaires aimed at the local authority and stakeholder organisations. A web site

(www.localevaluation21.org) provides easy access as well as a software for automatic processing

of input and generation of feedback reports.

Expected/Final ResultsLocal Evaluation 21 is a free, fully automated on-line facility which delivers analyses on processes

and progress in the field of local sustainable development to public authorities, policy makers

and researchers on local, national and EU levels.

Local Evaluation 21 provides an evaluation framework for local authorities to self-assess their

activities in the field of local sustainable development and to benchmark their responses against

the results of other cities. Through feedback reports with individual analysis and

recommendations, local authorities can identify successes and areas requiring further work.

This will enable them to improve their understanding of governance and decision-making

processes and to focus their sustainability efforts.

Local Evaluation 21 also provides a valuable information source on prerequisites for the

successful promotion of sustainable urban development policies as well as the identification

of general trends and changing dynamics of the local sustainability scenario.

In order to ensure wide exploitation, Local Evaluation 21 is available in 20 European

languages. It has been developed in close cooperation with major European local

government networks and the European Sustainable Cities and Towns Campaign. National

promoters and local authorities have been involved in piloting and promoting the tool

within all European Union countries.

Local Evaluation 21: Local Agenda 21 self-assessment forlocal authorities on-line (LASALA/LASALA-ONLINE)



http://www.localevaluation21.org


COORDINATORStefan KUHNICLEI - Local Governments forSustainable Development European SecretariatUrban Governance - LocalAgenda 21 TeamLeopoldring 3D-79098 FreiburgPhone: +49 761 36 892 0Fax: +49 761 36 892 69e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Northumbria University,

Sustainable Cities ResearchInstitute, Newcastle UponTyne, United Kingdom

> Abo Akademi University,Institute for ComparativeNordic Politics andAdministration, Abo(Turku), Finland

> Universidade Nova deLisboa, Faculdade deCiencias de Technologia daQuinta da Torre,Departamento de Ciencias eEngenharia do Ambiente,Lisboa, Monte Caparica,Portugal

> The Regional EnvironmentalCentre for Central and EasternEurope, Szentendre, Hungary

> Focus Lab Srl, Modena, Italy

72


Variable rate pricing based on pay-as-you-throw as a tool of urban waste management (PAYT)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe project addresses the environmental concerns of waste-caused pollution and secondary

materials utilisation, by increasing our knowledge of the effectiveness and suitable design of

variable rate pricing as a policy option for reducing household discards, particularly those

destined for final disposal. Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) substitutes flat rates and is meant to act

as an incentive to households to divert an increased portion of its discards away from traditional

disposal to recycling.

The project aims to create new working relationships between urban centres that have

experimented with PAYT and cities who indicate that they are considering this scheme, and

between the research sector and users to insure the issues addressed correspond to user needs.

In combination with the tools that will be provided to decision makers the project is expected

to become a catalyst to achieve a breakthrough in sustainable organised waste management

schemes based on the polluters’ responsibility to pay for the environmentally benign disposal.

Description of workThe work is divided into two essentially parallel research lines: one focused on the potentials of

Pay-As-You-Throw by mainly synthesising available knowledge in order to establish the general

framework, limits of feasibility and applicable steering mechanisms with regard to

implementation; the other is directed at the analysis of user needs and the problems encountered

in examples of PAYT already implemented. The objective is to define workable solutions that

may become the basis for recommendations to decision makers and the subject of demonstrations.

Expected/Final ResultsDeliverables include the analysis of user concerns and needs compiled in a document called

“What decision makers want to know about PAYT” and the consolidation of corresponding

findings of the research translated into a guidebook for urban decision-makers and stakeholders

involved.

Impacts expected from this project may therefore take a wide spectrum. With the review of

available knowledge and experience a comprehensive overview on the state-of-the-art,

problems encountered and main factors with regard to the implementation of PAYT in

European cities will already be provided in an early stage of the project.


http://web.tu-dresden.de/intecuspayt/

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Viorel VULTURESCUPhone: +32 2 29 64684Fax: +32 2 29 50656e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORProf. Bernd BILITEWSKITechnische UniversitaetDresden, Institute for WasteManagement andContaminated SitesTreatmentPratzschwitzer Str. 15D-01796 Pirna Phone: +49-351530021 Fax: +49-351530022 e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> National University of

Ireland, Department of Civiland EnvironmentalEngineering, Cork, Ireland

> Intecus Gmbh, Dresden,Germany

> University of EconomicsPrague, Department ofEnvironmental Economics,Prague, Czech Republic

> Institut fuer OekologischeRaumentwicklung E.V,Department of BuildingEcology, Dresden, Germany

> Aristotle University OfThessaloniki, Department ofMechanical EngineeringSchool of MechanicalEngineering, Thessalonki,Greece

> Universitat Pompeu Fabra,Political Sciences and Sociology,Barcelona, Spain

> Danwaste Consult A/S,Koepenhagen, Denmark

> Commission of the EuropeanCommunities, Institute forProspective Technological Studies,Sevilla, Spain

73


Objectives and Problems to be solvedPublic procurement in Europe adds up to some 12% of total GNP. It therefore offers a big

potential for promoting sustainable production, closing material cycles and avoiding waste.

Despite the strategic potential, the innovations triggered in the economy still appear to be

marginal.

Description of WorkThe project can roughly be divided into a scientific phase and a more implementation-oriented

phase. The first phase will develop the methods and carry out assessments and calculations, while

the second phase will develop, discuss and implement policy recommendations.

The scientific phase will start with an international survey on national approaches, which is

followed by in-depth surveys on the city partners.

The implementation phase will start with the development of draft policy recommendations and

tools. Recommendations for urban environment policies, product policies and trade and internal

market policies will be addressed at a European level. Draft European purchasing guidelines for

specific product groups will be provided to the purchasing communities. A specific tool will be

developed in the form of a “code of orientation” addressing the legal dilemma of internal market

rules which are blind to environmental criteria.

Expected/Final ResultsThe project will improve the current situation on the scientific side by delivering methods,

calculations and of course urgently needed data. Additionally, Status Reports and Priority

Assessments will be published for the six partner cities from different parts of Europe.

Within the project, recommendations for European and local policies will be derived. Strategically,

joint purchasing power will achieve not only marginal changes but also shifts on the supply-side

of the market toward sustainability. The project will assist this by developing a “Cities for Green

Purchasing Campaign”. For this a manual on green purchasing will be written together with

an ambitious agenda to set the results in action.

Outside the project, the results on methods and calculations will enable scientists all over

Europe to make their own surveys on potentials for certain authorities and certain product

groups. Local authorities will be able to benefit from the experiences of the six participating

cities and their status reports.

Environmental relief potential of urban action on avoidance and detoxification of waste streams through

green public procurement (RELIEF)



http://www.iclei.org/ecoprocura/relief/

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Viorel VULTURESCUPhone: +32 2 29 64684Fax: +32 2 29 [email protected]

COORDINATORChristoph ERDMENGERInternational Council forLocal Environment Initiatives- European Secretariat, Eco-Procurement ProgrammeLeopoldring 3D-79098 FreiburgPhone: +49 761 368 920Fax: +49 761 368 9249e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> Vrije Universiteit

Amsterdam, Vereniging,Institute for EnvironmentalStudies, The Netherlands

> InteruniversitaeresForschungszentrum fuerTechnik, Arbeit und Kultur,Graz, Austria

> Center for EnvironmentalStudies, Budapest, Hungary

> Miskolc City of County Rank,Miskolc, Hungary

> International Council forLocal Environment InitiativesCanada, Toronto

> International Council forLocal Environment InitiativesAsia Pacific Secretariat, Tokyo,Japan

> Kolding Kommune, Kolding,Denmark

> Technische UniversitaetDresden, FakultaetWirtschaftswissenschaften,Dresden, Germany

> Dk-Teknik Energi & Miljo,Environment Department Lca,Soeborg, Denmark

> Technische Universitaet Wien,Institute for Public Finance andInfrastructure Policy, Wien, Austria

74


The involvement of stakeholders to develop and implement tools for sustainable households in the city of tomorrow (TOOLSUST)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedWith the aim to contribute to sustainable consumption behaviour in cities, Toolsust has three

main objectives:

1. Describe the present situation for households in selected European cities – Frederikstad (N),

Groningen (NL), Padua (IT), Guildford (UK) and Södermalm (SV) -– and discuss which part

households and consumers play in the strategies of sustainable European cities, and the

involvement of stakeholders in this process.

2. Analyse the possibilities and tools for significant short term changes, linked to three elements:

the significance of environmental and consumer information, the consequences for quality

of life, and the importance of participation in the decision-making process for all stakeholders.

3. Involve relevant stakeholders in the discussion of the potential and need for long term changes

in household behaviour within the framework of factor four and related to the process of

European Sustainable Cities.

Description of WorkToolSust has concentrated on the following important consumer activities:

> Use of energy within households

> Recycling of glass, paper, textiles, toxic waste and organic waste

> Shopping behaviour of organic and local food and eco-labelled products

> Transport related to shopping behaviour.

First, a qualitative and quantitative picture of the environmental situation in the five cities

considered was drawn. Qualitative interviews with local stakeholders were combined with a

quantitative consumer survey.

Then a quantitative household metabolic approach to the environmental impact of consumption,

focusing on both direct and indirect energy-use in various types of households in the five cities

was developed.

The next step concentrated on possibilities for short-tern changes in three of our cities; linking

the changing potentials to consumer information (Fredrikstad), quality of life (Padua) and

participation (Guildford).

Finally, the focus was put on potentials for long-term changes within a back-casting approach.

Stakeholders in all five cities are involved in drawing positive images of the future.

Final ResultsThe environmental impact of household consumption in European cities was analysed on

the basis of statistical data at local and national level, quantitative consumer survey and

qualitative interviews with stakeholders and consumers.

Toolsust contributed substantially to the discussion about household metabolism on the

basis of which the EAP-model to measure the environmental impact of consumption at

the city level was developed and applied.

Green household budget, an internet-based information tool for short-term changes

in consumption pattern was developed and tested.

The back-casting approach was developed as a tool for long-term changes in the

environmental impact of consumption.


http://www.toolsust.org


COORDINATOREivind STØNational Institute ForConsumer ResearchPo Box 1731325 LysakerNorwayPhone: +47 67599870Fax: +47 67531948e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Universita degli Studi di

Padova, Department ofSociology, Padova, Italy

> University of Surrey,Department of Psychology,Guildford, United Kingdom

> University of Groningen,Center for Energy andEnvironmental Studies,Groningen, Netherlands

> Defence ResearchEstablishment,Environmental StrategiesResearch Group, Stockholm,Sweden

75


Objectives and Problems to be solvedEURENDEL assesses long-term developments in energy technologies, their potential and

expected impacts. The perspective taken integrates a technology push with a social pull

approach embracing a time horizon of 30 years. The liberalisation of the energy sector, the

increasing amount of transnational research as well as rapid technology developments challenge

today's innovation systems and demand a greater integration and cohesion into EU-wide

innovation strategies. EURENDEL employs a Union-wide Delphi survey to cover the need for

reliable information on long-term trends and developments. Thus the project provides

orientation knowledge and technical foresight to promote a sustainable European energy sector.

Description of WorkThe core of EURENDEL is a Europe-wide Delphi survey with two rounds of expert consultations.

The Delphi method is an appropriate approach not only to gain a consensual-based technological

foresight, but also to integrate technological, social and economic perspectives of sustainable

development. According to these two main focus points, EURENDEL simultaneously examines how

social requirements and technological developments exert influence on the speed, thrust and

centre of innovation. The knowledge gathered allows an analysis of both what might happen in

the future and what has to be done to secure long-term competitiveness and enhanced quality

of life. In a first step, the state-of-the-art of energy technology development in the EU Member

and Accession States is defined. Future relevant issues are identified in expert interviews. In

contrast to this technological push perspective, a social pull approach is endorsed, by analysing

socio-economic trends. Concerns and opportunities regarding social developments are gathered

in a “Futures Workshop” to extract future social demands. The most important issues are

accentuated as Delphi statements. They provide the basis for a standardized questionnaire, which

is mailed to 2,000 European experts. The data gathered is analysed and subsequently returned

to the participants for re-evaluation. A thorough evaluation of both rounds is conducted to assess

the major European-wide technological trends, social requirements, challenges and possible

solutions.

Expected ResultsA consensual and systematic assessment of future energy technology developments on an EU

level including the expected range of diffusion, chances and constraints is carried out.

EURENDEL provides orienting knowledge and technical input to the European Union

considerations with respect to installing an appropriate framework which promotes a

sustainable development of the energy sector. Additionally, it advances a better

understanding of the dynamics and determinants of technological development in different

energy environments. It supports enterprises in their efforts to develop customised products

and gives industrial and municipal decision makers a basis of information for energy related

planning. During the survey process all findings are open to public access on the project

web-site. In a series of national and European wide workshops, the results of the survey

are disseminated and a lively discussion on appropriate measures to strengthen the EU

innovation system is promoted.

Technology and Social Visions for Europe’s Energy Future- A Europe wide Delphi Study (EURENDEL)


CONTRACT: ENG1-CT-2002-00676EC CONTRIBUTION: €435.584STARTING DATE: 1/10/2002DURATION: 24 Months

http://www.izt.de/eurendel/

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Domenico ROSSETTI di VALDALBEROPhone: + 32 2 296 28 11Fax: + 32 2 299 49 91e-mail: domenico.rossetti-di-valdalbero @cec.eu.int

COORDINATORTimon WEHNERTIZTSchopenhauerstrasse 26D-14129 BerlinPhone: + 49 30.80.30.88.13Fax: + 49 30.80.30.88.88e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> BREC/IBMER, Warsaw,

Poland> UCLB-IEFE, Milano, Italy> PROSPEKTIKER, Zarautz,

Spain> RISOE, Roskilde, Denmark

76


Promoting and financing clean development mechanismrenewable energy projects in the Mediterranean region(CDMEDI)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe objectives of CDMEDI are to elaborate a CDM user’s guide for the implementation of CDM

projects using renewable energy projects in the Mediterranean region and to organise a high

level Euro-Mediterranean conference on how to implement and finance such projects in the

region in order to largely disseminate the user’s guide and the results of the CDMED (contract

ENG2-CT1999-00001) and the MED2010 (contract ENK5-CT2000-00307) projects. The final

objective is to support the development of renewable energy projects in the Southern and

Eastern Mediterranean region through the CDM and help European countries to achieve their

Kyoto targets. This will contribute to sustainable development both in the Northern and in the

Southern Mediterranean region.

Description of WorkCDMEDI is structured along four main work packages and the related deliverables. The first work

package deals with the analysis of the ways to implement and finance CDM projects using

renewable energy technologies in the Mediterranean region. A user’s guide is elaborated and

largely disseminated to the relevant actors.

A two-day high level Euro-Mediterranean conference will be organised at the end of the project

in order to present the user’s guide, the results of the CDMED and MED2010 projects and to

promote the implementation of CDM projects in the Mediterranean region. A Steering Committee

is set up with representatives from European and Mediterranean organisations, Ministries and

energy companies. This Committee has an active role in the preparation and the follow-up of

the Conference.

In parallel, a stakeholders dialogue is initiated with several European and Mediterranean

ministries in charge of environment and energy (Italy, Tunisia, etc.), energy companies (EDF,

ENEL, etc.), European associations (EURELECTRIC, etc.) and Mediterranean associations

(MEDENER, etc.).

Expected ResultsThe expected results of the CDMEDI project are the elaboration and widespread dissemination

(also with a website) of a CDM user’s guide for the implementation of CDM projects using

renewable energy projects in the Mediterranean region and the organisation of a high level

Euro-Mediterranean conference on how to implement and finance such projects in the region.

This would allow the implementation of CDM projects using renewable energy technologies

in the Mediterranean countries, in accordance with the objectives of the European Union,

the Mediterranean countries and the Kyoto commitments.

CONTRACT: ENK6-CT-2002-80645EC CONTRIBUTION: €119,439STARTING DATE: 01/12/2002DURATION: 12 months

http://www.ome.org/cdmedi/PDF/abstract.pdf


COORDINATORGiuseppe Maria SFLIGIOTTIand Houda ALLALOME7 rue SoutraneF-06905 Sophia AntipolisPhone: +33 4 92 96 66 96Fax: +33 4 92 96 66 99e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> ENEL GREENPOWER, Rome,

Italy> ANER, Tunis, Tunisia

77


Objectives and Problems to be solvedTechnological developments and EU targets for RES penetration and GHG reduction are

decentralising the electricity infrastructure and services. However, no initiative exists to consider

the opening up and regulation of distribution networks to ensure effective participation of

RES and DG in the internal market. This project provides the analytical background and

organisational foundation for a regulatory process that satisfies this need. The main objective

of the SUSTELNET project is to develop regulatory road maps for the transition to an electricity

market and network structure that creates a level playing field between centralised and

decentralised generation and network development, and facilitates the integration of RES,

within the framework of the liberalisation of the EU electricity market.

Description of WorkThe project is divided into two parts. The first, analytical part identifies the long-term historical

and future technical, socio-economic and institutional dynamics that shape the European

electricity supply systems and markets. This increases the understanding of the structure of the

current European electricity sector and its socio-economic and institutional environment. The

underlying patterns identified in this way provide the boundary conditions and levers for policy

development to reach long-term RES and GHG targets (2020-2030 time frame). A review of

selected Member States (MS) and Newly Associated States (NAS) regulatory regimes and an

analysis of their impact on the integration of DG and RES are made on a system level.

In the second phase, criteria are defined for the development of electricity policy and network

regulation. MS and NAS regulatory regimes are benchmarked against these criteria and a prioritisation

and agenda for regulatory changes is established. Finally, a policy and regulatory road map is defined

that sets out the regulatory steps that need to be undertaken to achieve medium to long-term RES

and GHG goals and which will offer guidance in harmonisation issues and the relative role of the

EU as well as individual MS and NAS regulation and policy-making over time.

To deliver a fully operational road map a regulatory process is initiated throughout this project.

This process will bring together MS and NAS electricity regulators and policy-makers, distribution

and supply companies, as well as representatives from other relevant institutions. Thus it ensures

a good connection with current industry, regulatory and policy practice, creates ‘buy in’ from

the relevant actors and thereby enhances the feasibility of implementation. The actors in the

regulatory process will review, debate and augment the proposed regulatory road map in

sound board meetings and workshops. The contributions from these meetings and workshops

will be processed into the final version of the regulatory road map.

Expected ResultsThe SUSTELNET project will result in:

> criteria, guidelines and rationales for electricity policy and regulation

> benchmarking of current MS/NAS electricity policy and regulation against these criteria

and guidelines

> roadmaps for the design and implementation of electricity policy and regulation for

selected EU MS/NAS in order to promote a transition to a sustainable electricity

supply infrastructure and market structure

> an outline and agenda for a continued regulatory process

Policy and Regulatory Roadmaps for the Integration of Distributed Generation and the Development of

Sustainable Electricity Networks (SUSTELNET)


CONTRACT: ENK5-CT2001-00577EC CONTRIBUTION: €998,000STARTING DATE: 14/01/2002DURATION: 30 months

http://www.sustelnet.net/

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Glyn EVANSPhone: +32 2 29 65047Fax: +32 2 29 64288e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORMartin J.J. SCHEEPERSECNP.O. Box 37154NL-1030 AD AmsterdamPhone: +31 224 56 44 36Fax: +31 204 92 28 12e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> University of Warwick,

Coventry, United Kingdom> Öko-Institut, Freiburg,

Germany> FEEM, Milano, Italy> Tech-Wise A/S, Fredericia,

Denmark> IZES, Saarbrücken, Germany> Enviros, Prague, Czech

Republic> KAPE, Warsaw, Poland> MAKK, Budapest, Hungary> EGU Power Research

Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia> ECON Centre for Economic

Analysis, Copenhagen,Denmark

78


A Platform for Hydrogen Energy in Europe (HyNet )

Objectives and Problems to be solvedHyNet’s goals are to advise the EC on hydrogen energy related research through a consortium

of interested and relevant stakeholders from industry, institutes and the regions as well as to

disseminate the progress to the public via an Internet page and a European product, services

and expert database.

As hydrogen will become the universal sustainable energy carrier and fuel in future energy

systems widely based on renewables, many technological, socio-economic and policy research

topics are affected. Issues range from hydrogen production, infrastructure including transport,

distribution and storage, as well as safety, transition scenarios and taxation to dissemination,

education and training.

Description of WorkThe task of changing unsustainable patterns of development in European energy systems (growing

dependency on imported fossil fuels, increasing energy consumption and deteriorating air quality)

has long been a challenge. There is therefore an urgent need to enlarge and diversify the energy

supply using clean and renewable sources and to increase the efficiencies and cost effectiveness

of energy conversion technologies. The goal of achieving sustainable energy systems is one of

the priorities of current European research.

Hydrogen has long been considered the important universal energy carrier and storage medium

to endorse the use of cleaner and reliable energy sources. As hydrogen is a gaseous energy carrier

in ambient conditions technical and economic challenges have to be overcome to make it a

widely used energy carrier alongside electricity.

The introduction of hydrogen energy will be an enormous task. The infrastructure build-up will

require an effort comparable with the installation of the transport and distribution network for

natural gas in the 60s and 70s. When the vision was stated by the High Level Group on Hydrogen

in Fuel Cells (HLG) in June 2003 the hydrogen infrastructure implementation plan needed to be

developed in detail. An important part of it will be the R&D plan to utilise efficiently the

available financial resources and expertise throughout Europe.

Expected ResultsHyNet will contribute as a consensus platform by pulling together the European expertise in

research to find answers to the questions raised by the gaps and needs analysis. To focus the

R&D efforts towards realistic commercial goals in favour of an economically, socially and

environmentally sustainable phase-in of hydrogen energy, industry has committed its active

participation in this definition phase towards a common European approach.

CONTRACT: ENK6-CT-2001-20537EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,072,609STARTING DATE: 01/01/2002DURATION: 36 months

www.HyNet.info

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER William BORTHWICKPhone: +32 2 29 65025Fax: +32 2 29 55697e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORUlrich BUENGERDaimlerstrasse 15D-85521 OttobrunnPhone: +49 89 608 110 42Fax: +49 89 609 97 31 e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS:> L-B-Systemtechnik GmbH,

Ottobrunn, Germany> BMW AG, München,

Germany> Bp International Ltd.,

Mottershead, UnitedKingdom

> Consejo Superior DeInvestigaciones Cienttificas,Zaragoza, Spain

> Linde AG, München,Germany

> Messer Griesheim GmbH,Krefeld, Germany

> Norsk Hydro ASA, Oslo,Norway

> Raufoss ASA, Raufoss,Norway

> Shell Hydrogen, Amsterdam,The Netherlands

> TechnischerÜberwachungsverein Norde.V., Hamburg, Germany

> TÜV Süddeutschland e.V.,München, Germany

> Vandenborre TechnologiesN.V., Turnhout, Belgium

79


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe objective of RISKGOV is to improve the governance of radiological risks related to public

exposure to environmental radioactive discharges from nuclear installations. For this purpose,

the project will pay special attention to innovative approaches concerning quality, legitimacy,

efficiency and practicability of the decision-making processes on risk within the governance of

hazardous activities in Europe.

Building on the results of the TRUSTNET European Concerted Action on risk governance,

RISKGOV will:

> Analyse the elements determining the quality of governance systems for radiological risks

associated with environmental discharges from nuclear installations

> Compare them with the elements determining the quality of governance systems of chemical

risks associated with environmental discharges from non-nuclear installations

> Provide guidance and operational recommendations from this analysis for the improvement

of existing governance systems for radiological risks.

Description of WorkThe research is being carried out by an interdisciplinary team of six organisations from France,

Sweden and UK. A common interdisciplinary framework for analysis has been developed based

on the conclusions of TRUSTNET, a project carried out under the auspices of Euratom FP4. This

framework provides the basis for analysing a number of case studies. These have been chosen to

identify and characterise the key elements for determining the quality of the decision-making

processes related to the assessment and management of risk at the local, national and European

levels. A common interdisciplinary assessment of the systems of risk governance will be performed

based on a comparative analysis of the different case studies. It will include an international and

“inter-sectorial” (radiological and chemical risks) comparison. This comparative analysis will:

> Refine, as necessary, the common interdisciplinary analysis framework

> Examine the underlying causes of success and failure in risk governance and lessons to be

learned for the future governance of discharges from industrial installations

> Lead to the development of operational guidance on how governance systems for radiological

risks could be improved

Expected ResultsThe results of the project will be disseminated through published reports and a website

(www.riskgov.com).

The results are expected to:> Contribute to resources being used more safely, effectively and efficiently by promoting

the development of decision-making and information systems which are characterised

by openness and trust

> Promote more efficient protection through the involvement of stakeholders in both

decision-framing and decision-making

> Contribute to improved acceptability of decisions through governance process that

better involve stakeholders, thereby enhancing openness, accountability and

mutual learning

Comparative analysis of Risk Governance forRadiological and Chemical Discharges of Industrial

Installations (RISKGOV)


CONTRACT: FIKR-CT-2001-00168EC CONTRIBUTION: €395,549STARTING DATE: 01/10/2001DURATION: 30 months

http://www.riskgov.com/


COORDINATORThierry SCHNEIDERCEPNRoute du Panorama 18F-92263 Fontenay-aux-RosesPhone: +33 1 46 547 659Fax: +33 1 40 849 034e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> Mutadis, Paris, France> IRSN, Fontenay-aux-Roses,

France> Health and Safety

Laboratory, Sheffield,United Kingdom

> University of Westminster,London, United Kingdom

> KTH, Stockholm, Sweden

80


Environmental Risk from Ionising Contaminants:Assessment and Management (ERICA)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe objective of ERICA is to provide an integrated approach to scientific, managerial and

societal issues concerned with the effects of radiation on the environment, with emphasis on

biota and ecosystems. The project builds on the achievements of the FASSET project (carried

out under the auspices of Euratom FP5), which provided a basic framework for the assessment

of the impact of radionuclides on the environment.

Description of WorkThe objectives of the ERICA project will be fulfilled through the development of a user-friendly

assessment tool with risk characterisation methodologies coupled with communication strategies

aimed at decision-making. This involves filling gaps in scientific data, expansion of the current

radiation effects database, and extrapolation issues, e.g. from known effects on individuals to

effects on populations. The tool will be tested and applied to a series of case studies and supported

by stakeholder interaction. The development of science-based managerial guidance, including

methodologies for stakeholder involvement in assessments, will be based on a number of meetings

with end-users representing a wide range of different interests in the protection of the

environment from radiation.

Emphasis will be placed on disseminating the progress of the work through continuous interaction

with end-users. A workshop will be organised towards the end of the project to demonstrate to

end-users how the integrated approach developed within this project can be practically applied

within a European dimension.

The research and development will be carried out in four main work packages:

> Supply of an assessment tool which will enhance the quality and robustness of the assessment

methodology

> Supply of risk characterisation methodologies for ecologically meaningful estimates of risk

> Supply of managerial guidance together with stakeholder involvement to support the

protection of the environment from ionising radiation

> Application, testing and refinement of the assessment methodologies based on their

application to case studies on various ecosystems.

Expected ResultsERICA will further develop and enhance the framework for assessing the impact of radiation

on the environment developed within the FP5 project, FASSET. This framework will largely

underpin the scientific and technical basis for standards for protection of the environment

which are under development by various national and international organisations.

CONTRACT: FI6R-CT-2003-508847EC CONTRIBUTION: €1.500.000STARTING DATE: 01/03/04DURATION: 36 months


COORDINATORCarl-Magnus LARSSONSwedish Radiation ProtectionAuthorityDepartment of WasteManagement andEnvironmental ProtectionS-7116 Stockholm Phone: +46 8 729 72 52Fax: +46 8 729 71 08e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Svensk

KaernbraenslehanteringAB, Stockholm, Sweden

> Facilia AB, Bromma,Sweden

> Sodertorn UniversityCollege, Huddinge, Sweden

> Norwegian RadiationProtection Authority, Oslo,Norway

> CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain> Environment Agency,

Bristol, United Kingdom> University of Liverpool,

Liverpool, United Kingdom> Natural Environment

Research Council, Swindon,United Kingdom

> Westlakes ScientificConsulting Ltd., Moor Row,United Kingdom

> British Nuclear Fuels,Warrington, United Kingdom

> Radiation and Nuclear SafetyAuthority, Helsinki Finland

> IRSN, Clamart, France> GSF - Forschungszentrum fürUmwelt und Gesundheit,Neuherberg, Germany

> The Agricultural University ofNorway, Aas, Norway

> Electricité de France, Paris, France

81


Objectives and Problems to be solvedSESSA aims at contributing to the development of a sustainable European energy system and an

appropriate regulatory framework for EU through research in economics and economic engineering.

In addressing these topics SESSA will put electricity at the core of European energy sustainability. All

relevant regulations, including RTD energy policies, will be addressed in the perspective of making

the energy internal market a success and a corner stone of sustainability. Only a robust, coherent and

harmonised regulatory framework can ensure workable and fruitful interactions between the various

parts of energy systems and RTD both at the Member States' and the EU level.

The SESSA objectives are: to improve the existing knowledge on the ongoing regulations and

policies, to develop and compare benchmarking methodologies, to make proposals for the

implementation of the best practices in the EU, to gather and facilitate interaction between high

level academics and decision-makers.

Description of WorkSESSA will organise five conferences: Refining market design; Addressing market power and

industry restructuring for consumers benefits; Ensuring EU energy enlargement to new Member

States; Harmonising effective regulation; Investing for sustainability.

The SESSA leading institutions organise five academic workshops and five stakeholder conferences

on these topics. The academic workshops are devoted to the review and analysis of existing and

proposed regulatory policies. The stakeholder conferences will give to decision makers like industry

and consumer representatives or national regulatory bodies the opportunity to express their views

on these topics. Prior to each workshop, SESSA Experts provide a report with their contribution on

a specific topic. After each conference and workshop a report will be written, which will include the

relevant contributions and conclusions. For all five specific topics, SESSA will benchmark national

experiences, identify best practices in EU and abroad and draw guidelines for their implementation.

The outcome of the several specific conferences and workshops will be disseminated through

two final conferences and a final report.

On one hand, the SESSA participants will make a critical review of the considered practices, the

results of the benchmark analysis, the studies that will be performed on specific regulatory

schemes and the proposals for novel approaches and their implementation. On the other hand

they contribute to the exchange of experiences and the dissemination of the results at the

conferences and workshops.

Expected Results and Exploitation PlansSESSA will assess electricity reforms and policies and will identify what are the best practices

in the EU (and abroad) in regulating for sustainable energy. By assembling more than 20

research teams and 40 stakeholders from 16 different countries, generating research reports

and stakeholders interaction and consensus, SESSA will help collecting data, documents

and case studies on the actual regulations and policies including RTD regarding energy

sustainability in the EU-25 and abroad (notably Norway, Switzerland and USA). It will

deliver an extensive benchmarking in this area and recommendations before the

opening of European electricity markets to all domestic customers

The European Regulation Forum on Electricity Reforms(SESSA)


CONTRACT: SSP6-CT2004-502479EC CONTRIBUTION: €472,000STARTING DATE: 1/4/2004DURATION: 18 months

www.sessa.eu.com

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Domenico ROSSETTI DIVALDALBEROPhone: +32 2 296 28 11 Fax: +32 2 299 49 91 e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATOR:Jean-Michel GLACHANT Ecole des Mines de Paris60 Boulevard Saint Michel,F-75272 ParisPhone: +33 140911864Fax: +33 140911865e-mail [email protected]

PARTNERS: > Ecole des Mines de Paris,

Paris, France> University of Hull Business

School, Kingston-upon-Hull,United Kingdom

> Department of AppliedEconomics, Cambridge,United Kingdom

> Department ofInternational Economics,Berlin, Germany

> Institute of Economics,Bergen, Norway

> Instituto de InvestigacionTecnologica, Madrid, Spain

> Center for OperationsResearch and Econometrics,Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

82


Benchmarking of Benchmarking (BOB)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedBOB aimed to assess how performance measures and benchmarking can support the

development and implementation of a European sustainable transport policy (towards

improved quality, efficiency, safety and sustainability of the European transport system).

Description of WorkBOB is the “laboratory” of BEST – a thematic network on benchmarking.

BEST created a forum of experts to promote knowledge on best practices in the transport sector,

identifying best practice state-of-the-art, examples of successful benchmarking in transport, a

methodology and criteria to apply benchmarking, and the value of benchmarking for policy.

The results of the BEST workshops were tested practically in the three BOB case studies on rail

passenger transport, road safety and airport accessibility, and conclusions and recommendations

were drawn.

Expected/Final ResultsThe main outcomes of each pilot project were:

> railways case on passenger transport

In the rail pilot, the effectiveness of services was evaluated through a benchmark indicator

on “punctuality”. This was used both to compare the performance of a railway service on a

time base and to compare the performance, in the form of best practices, of railway services

involved in the pilot. The performance of railway services was made transparent, and ways

to improve services identified.

> road safety case

The main challenge of the road safety pilot was to benchmark non-quantitative entities

like road safety and policy. Within “prospective” and “retrospective” perspectives, the

quantitative benchmark indicator “Casualties per billion vehicle/km” was used. The

resulting Road Safety Transition Curve sets out how road safety evolves from nearly entirely

retrospective road safety policies and fairly high casualty rates towards more prospective

policies and lower casualty rates.

> airport accessibility case

This pilot focused on the public Access System to airports. To benchmark accessibility,

the Modal Split of Passengers (MSP) indicator was defined. MSP describes the share of

public transport in the total travel to and from an airport. The higher the MPS score,

the more sustainable the transport flow is thought to be. MSP can also be used to define

“best practices” (e.g. how to increase the MSP value by improving airport operations

and/or airport public transport facilities).

CONTRACT: 2000-AM.10031EC CONTRIBUTION: €808,381STARTING DATE: 01/06/2000DURATION: 36 months

http://www.bestransport.org/cadrebobwhat.html

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Marian IBARRA GILPhone: +32 2 29 54507Fax: +32 2 29 55843e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORAd ROSENBRANDNEA Transport Research andTrainingSir Winston Churchilllaan 297P.O. Box 1969NL-2280 DZ Rijswijk Phone: +31 70 39 88 388Fax: +31 70 39 54 186e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Organisation Gestion

Marketing, Bruxelles,Belgium

> Centre d’Etudes sur lesRéseaux, les Transports,l’Urbanisme et lesconstructions publiques,Lyon, France


> Erasmus UniversityRotterdam, The Netherlands

> Ingenieria y Economia delTransporte SA, Madrid, Spain

> Forschungs- undAnwendungsverbundVerkehrssystemtechnikBerlin, Germany

> Warsaw University ofTechnology, Poland

> University of Antwerp,Belgium

83



Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe objectives of the BEST project were to:

> develop the potential of benchmarking at a European level in the field of transport

> provide a European framework for benchmarking in the transport sector

> raise awareness on techniques and benefits of transport benchmarking

> compare European benchmarking projects with those in other regions of the world

> organise conferences on key issues for transport benchmarking

> produce recommendations to the European Commission on the development and application

of benchmarking in fields covered by transport policy

> provide input to the BOB “sister” project (three practical benchmarking pilots)

Description of WorkThe structure and activities of the network were based on the following approach:

> series of six conferences addressing specific benchmarking topics

> recommendations: findings and conclusions of the conferences were used to produce

recommendations to the European Commission on how to maximise the potential benefits of

benchmarking in implementing sustainable transport policies in Europe

> links to BOB: BEST provided input to the three BOB pilots; in turn, their results were fed into

BEST

> dissemination activities: project brochure, regular newsletters, website, presentations at

relevant events, articles in a range of publications

Expected/Final Results> creation of a comprehensive network of transport policy makers and other stakeholders

> increased awareness of the potential of benchmarking in the transport sector

> increased understanding of the use of benchmarking in relation to policy

> production of new material about benchmarking

> recommendations to the European Commission

> comprehensive website on transport benchmarking

> increased benchmarking activities in Europe

> development of an innovative approach to conferences

For each conference, a conference report and set of recommendations were produced. The

first report and set of recommendations focused on the state of the art of benchmarking in

all sectors; the second focused on the art of benchmarking in the transport sector; the third

on criteria and indicators; the fourth on methodology; and the fifth on benchmarking policy.

The final report and recommendations were based on the material of the whole BEST

project and reached overall conclusions on the potential and role of benchmarking in

the area of European sustainable transport policy.

Benchmarking European Sustainable Transport (BEST)

CONTRACT: 2000-TN.10011 EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,311,275STARTING DATE: 01/05/2000DURATION: 36 months

http://www.bestransport.org/cadrebest.html

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Marian IBARRA GILPhone: +32 2 29 54507Fax: +32 2 29 55843e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORYves MATHIEU Organisation GestionMarketingAvenue d’Auderghem 92B-1040 BruxellesPhone: +32 2 737 9680 Fax: +32 2 737 9699 e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> NEA Transport Research

and Training, Rijswijk, TheNetherlands

> Centre d’Etudes sur lesRéseaux, les Transports,l’Urbanisme et lesconstructions publiques,Lyon, France

> Erasmus UniversityRotterdam, The Netherlands


> Ingenieria e Economia deltransporte SA, Madrid, Spain

> Forschungs- undAnwendungsverbundVerkehrssystemtechnikBerlin, Germany

> Warsaw University ofTechnology, Poland

84


Study of Policies regarding Economic instrumentsComplementing Transport Regulation and theUndertaking of Physical Measures (SPECTRUM)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedSPECTRUM aims to develop a theoretically sound framework for defining combinations of

economic instruments, regulatory and physical measures in reaching the broad aims set by

transport and other relevant policies:

> developing a theoretically sound framework to analyse trade-off between policy objectives

and identify optimal combinations of instruments to achieve them

> analysing and assessing transport packages, providing quantified evidence on the use of

alternative instruments in managing capacity and likely practical impacts. Fitting individual

instruments in a policy, defining their degree of intensity under various constraints

> generalisation – synthesis of evidence and transferability of alternative transport management

packages and their wider social impact

> providing guidance and recommendations helping policy-makers to achieve a better balance

between different, often conflicting objectives

Description of WorkThis multi-dimensional problem (urban/inter-urban, transport/wider policy objectives,

passengers/freight, all modes, high/low level impacts, broad range of transport instruments) was

structured in three areas.

> developing an overall high level framework for determining operational indicators for

objectives, treating the various dimensions of equity, assessing policy measures in a consistent

way, considering their transferability and identifying integration, synergy, complementarity and

substitution attributes

> two parallel ‘analysis and assessment’ Work Areas addressed the interurban and urban contexts,

forming packages of instruments from reviewing individual measures’ impacts. Case studies

explored the empirical outputs of the packages. Assessments of the impacts then fed back to

the high level framework, forming the final comprehensive framework (with results from a

theoretical study of synergies and impact measurement guidance)

Expected/Final Results> framework for analysing trade-off between objectives and identifying optimal combinations

of instruments, based on welfare economics and cost-benefit analysis (impacts for equity,

freight, passengers, safety and externalities)

> analysis and assessment of transport packages. Quantified evidence on the use of

alternative instruments in managing urban or inter-urban capacity and likely practical

impacts of different approaches

> generalisation: synthesised evidence; transferability of alternative transport

management packages and their wider social impact (for range of contexts including

similar/non-similar sites and accession countries)

> guidance and recommendations linked to identified EU policy priorities, including

suggestions for complementing and substituting economic measures with regulation

and other instruments

CONTRACT: GMA2-2000-32056EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,894,166STARTING DATE: 01/09/2002DURATION: 36 months

http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/projects/spectrum/index.html


COORDINATORDr Susan GRANT-MULLERUniversity of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies 36-38 University Road, L52 9JT Leeds, United KingdomPhone: +44 113 343 5357Fax: +44 113 343 5334e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Antwerp University,

Belgium> Oxford University,

United Kingdom> Technical Research Centre

of Finland, Espoo, Finland > Technische Universität

Wien, Austria> Universidad de Las Palmas

de Gran Canaria, Spain> Budapest University of


> Katholieke UniversiteitLeuven, Belgium

> Istituto di Studi perL’Integrazione dei Sistemi,Roma, Italy


> Gdansk University, Poland

85



Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe conflicting demands on transport should be accommodated by policy-makers by balancing

the positive and negative impacts of transport.

The SUMMA project supports policy-makers in doing so by helping to develop more efficient

and effective transport policies that cater to the need for mobility while reducing the adverse

impacts of transport to acceptable levels.

SUMMA aims to operationalise the concepts of sustainable development and sustainable mobility

in the transport sector, and to define policy measures to improve its sustainability, by defining

and determining indicators and threshold values for economic, environmental and social impacts

of transport.

Specific objectives include:

> Assessing the scale and scope of the problems of sustainability in the transport sector

> Defining and operationalising sustainable mobility and transport

> Developing a system of indicators for monitoring sustainable transport and mobility

> Assessing policy measures in the EC White Paper on European Transport Policy, as well as policy

measures that can be used to promote sustainable transport and mobility in regions and cities.

Description of WorkFirst, SUMMA develops a system of indicators for monitoring developments in the transport

sector that are important for the sustainability of the transport sector. Policy-makers can use this

system for proactively deciding when and where policy action is needed.

Second, SUMMA operationalises the concept of sustainability so that it can be used to assess the

impacts of various policies on the sustainability of transport and mobility.

Third, SUMMA will provide policy makers with a consistent framework for making trade-offs,

where appropriate, among the economic, environmental and social components of sustainability,

an inherent part of choosing from among different policies.

Finally, SUMMA will provide policy makers with an assessment of policy options for promoting

sustainable transport and mobility.

The work is structured along five steps:

1. setting the context for defining sustainable mobility and transport

2. developing indicators for sustainable transport and mobility

3. Preparing the building blocks for analysis: calibrating, modifying and linking the models

4. Analysing and assessing policies

5. Disseminating results.

Expected/Final ResultsOperational working concepts of sustainable mobility that can be used for transport

policy and modal policy planning and definition.

Indicators and target values for the three elements of sustainability.

Dissemination material (including website, newsletters).

SUstainable Mobility, policy Measures and Assessments(SUMMA)

CONTRACT: GMA2-2000-32061EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,344,548STARTING DATE: 01/11 2002 DURATION: 28 months

http://www.summa-eu.org/


COORDINATORAdnan RAHMAN Stichting RAND EuropeNewtonweg 1NL-2333 CP LeidenPhone: +31 71 5245151Fax: +31 71 5245191e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Kessel & Partner Transport

Consultants, Freiburg,Germany

> Gaia Group Oy, Turku,Finland

> Universität Stuttgart,Germany

> Transport & MobilityLeuven, Belgium

> Synergo, Zürich,Switzerland

> SUDOP PRAHA A.S., Prague,Czech Republic

86


Developing harmonised European Approaches forTransport Costing and Project Assessment (HEATCO)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedTo establish in Europe a widely accepted and harmonised set of guidelines for the strategic

environmental and economic impact assessment of EU transport projects and policies, in

particular to:

> develop a set of harmonised guidelines for project assessment and transport costing on the

EU level regarding Value of time and congestion, Value of accident risk reduction, Costs from

health impacts and other nuisances due to pollutants and noise, Wider economic effects,

Infrastructure costs, General cost benefit analysis (CBA) aspects. After analysing the national

assessment practice in EU-25 countries, agree common definitions and consistent valuation

methods. The framework will be based on welfare economics and CBA

> help achieve convergence of national guidelines in an international framework by organising

interaction with policy makers and other relevant stakeholders

> conduct surveys for selected impacts, covering main gaps in monetary valuation identified in

the analysis of existing practice, through contingent-valuation studies in countries with different

geographical, cultural and traffic conditions

> demonstrate the assessment framework by applying it to selected TEN transport infrastructure

projects and comparing results with those of existing CBAs

Description of WorkBased on previous developments (e.g. EUNET), review and analyse current project assessment

practice in the EU-25 countries. Compare existing practice (in assessing the value of time and

congestion, accident risk reduction, health impacts and nuisances from pollutant and noise

emissions, infrastructure costs) to theoretical and empirical evidence from the literature.

Harmonise guidelines in interactive cycles involving EU-25 representatives. Conduct surveys to

address the main gaps in monetary values and transferability/comparability of values between

countries. Apply the harmonised guidelines to 3 TEN transport infrastructure projects, illustrating

differences to existing CBA evaluations.

Expected/Final ResultsA set of harmonised guidelines for project assessment and transport costing on the EU level

in the areas of Value of time and congestion, of accident risk reduction, Costs from health

impacts and from other nuisances due to pollutants and noise, Wider economic effects,

Infrastructure costs and General CBA aspects.

CONTRACT: FP6-2002-SSP-1-502481 EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,299,837 STARTING DATE: 29/02/2004 DURATION: 27 months

http://www.ier.uni-stuttgart.de/public/en/organisation/dept/proj_desc.php?pid=267


COORDINATORRainer FRIEDRICH Universität Stuttgart (Institutfür Energiewirtschaft undRationelleEnergieanwendung)Keplerstrasse 7D-70174 StuttgartPhone: +49 711 780 61Fax: +49 711 780 39e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Budapest University of


> COWI AS, Kongens Lyngby,Denmark

> E-CO Tech a.s, Oslo, Norway> Ecoplan, Economic Research

and Policy Consultancy,Bern, Switzerland

> Universidad de Las Palmasde Gran Canaria, Spain

> HERRY Consult GmbH, Wien,Austria

> Istituto di Studi perL’Integrazione dei Sistemi,Roma, Italy

> University of Leeds, UnitedKingdom

> National Technical Universityof Athens, Greece

> SUDOP PRAHA a.s, Prague,Czech Republic

> Netherlands Organisation forApplied Scientific Research, Delft

> University of Bath, UnitedKingdom

> Statens väg- ochtransportforskningsinstitut,Linköping, Sweden

87


Objectives and Problems to be solvedAssessment tools supporting the transport policy decision-making process, developed both

at European and national levels, need to be checked against:

> Scientific consistency, according to Common Transport Policy (CTP) objectives

> Availability, consistency and harmonisation of data needed

> Appropriateness in matching users and stakeholders’ needs

> Increased good governance

> Relevancy as regards general EU objectives

> Inclusiveness.

TRANSFORUM will facilitate this process by:

1. establishing a scientific forum of experts;

2. facilitating the forum in a consensus-based assessment and validation of results both from

national and European research projects;

3. developing recommendations to ensure compatibility and convergence between tools used in

transport policy assessment at European and national levels, and identifying best practices;

4. disseminating project results and encouraging their uptake.

Description of WorkTRANSFORUM focuses on transport policies dealing with interurban and international mobility

of goods and passengers. It will screen and discuss project-results dealing with support to policy-

making, such as indicators for monitoring, scenarios, models and assessment techniques,

integrating the environmental, regional, spatial, safety, quality of life and socio-economic impacts

of transport policies.

TRANSFORUM will organize several forum sessions, and a virtual E-forum for on-line discussions,

thus bringing together scientists, policy-makers and stakeholders.

Expected/Final ResultsThe TRANSFORUM results will be threefold:

> support and “critical facilitation” of on-going FP5/6 projects (scientific validation of results

and confrontation of results with the requirements of potential end-users)

> best practice recommendations, and descriptions of approaches to ensure

compatibility/convergence between methods/models used in policy assessment

> recommendations for the future of policy impact assessment methodologies

The validation will result in a commonly accepted, transparent set of transport policy

assessment ‘tools’. These will be attractive to use because they have been looked at from

the end-user's point of view and agreed as being the best available in the current state

of advancement of knowledge. This should help national and European policy-makers

to match their proposals more closely to the expectations of society, facilitate the

convergence of the objectives of diverse Administrations and Organizations, and

promote the implementation of CTP.

Scientific forum on transport forecast validation and policy assessment (TRANSFORUM)


CONTRACT: FP6-2002-SSP-1-502002 EC CONTRIBUTION: €899,657STARTING DATE: 15/02/2004 DURATION: 36 months

http://www.transforum-eu.net


COORDINATORJan VAN DER WAARDMinisterie van Verkeer enWaterstaat, Directoraat-Generaal Rijkswaterstaat,Adviesdienst Verkeer enVervoer (AVV)Boompjes 200PO Box 1031NL-3000 BA, RotterdamPhone: +31 102825767Fax: +31 102825642e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> Technical Research Centre

of Finland, Espoo, Finland> Universidad Politécnica de

Madrid, Spain> Netherlands Organisation


> Centre for Research andTechnology - Hellas,Thessaloniki, Greece

> TRL Limited, Wokingham,United Kingdom

> Centrum dopravníhovv́zkumu, Brno, CzechRepublic

> Institut National de Recherchesur les Transports et leurSécurité, Arcueil, France

> CETE Lyon, Bron, France

88


SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR



Objectives and Problems to be solvedStakeholder and public participation (in the following referred to as PP) in river basin

management planning is a prerequisite for the successful implementation of the European

water framework directive. A successful implementation implies that environmental objectives

are achieved in an economically efficient and socially beneficial fashion. However, the scientific

knowledge base regarding understanding and design of multi-scale stakeholder and public

participation processes of social learning is quite fragmented. One has recognised as well for

years the presence of a huge gap between outcomes of integrated models and river basin

management practice, but there has been little success in bridging the gap. Too often information

is seen as objective input into decision-making, ignoring issues such as uncertainty and implicit

policy choices. Rarely is information and are information tools seen as a means to promote and

inform discussions between stakeholders and thus foster social learning. An improved

understanding of processes of social learning is a prerequisite to implement novel management

strategies and to bridge the science policy gap.

Description of WorkThe overall objective of the HarmoniCOP project is to increase the understanding of participatory

river basin management in Europe. To do so the following specific objectives have been

formulated:

> preparation of a “Handbook on public participation (PP) methodologies”

> provide insight into social learning in a multi-phase multi-level context

> increase our understanding of the role of information and information tools

> compare and assess national PP experiences and their background

> involvement of national and subnational governments and major stakeholder groups

> the project will make an important contribution to interdisciplinary research by closing

knowledge gaps that currently exist in the scientific understanding of stakeholder

participation, the importance of social learning for river basin management and the role of

ICT tools. The innovative aspect of the research can be summarised as follows:

• it will be the first to give a comprehensive overview and analysis of the state of the art in

participatory RBMP in Europe, using a social-learning perspective

• it will be the first to address the scale issue in PP and RBMP in a systematic way

• it will be the first to approach information and information tools as a means for social

learning in participatory RBMP

• it will be the first to do all this while considering the different national contexts –

cultural, geographical, institutional and legal

• the methodologial approach is based on case studies and action research in a number

of selected basins encompassing a wide range of environmental and institutional

settings

Harmonising Collaborative Planning (HarmoniCOP)

S O C I A L A C C E P T A B I L I T Y A N D H U M A N B E H A V I O U R


http://www.harmonicop.de


COORDINATORProf. Rainer KUNZELUniversitat Osnabrück,Institut fürUmweltsystemforschung, FB 6Albrechtstr. 28, D-49069 OsnabrückPhone: +49 541 9694100Fax: +49 541 9694969e-mail: [email protected]

90


Expected/Final ResultsThe handbook on PP will provide a base for the development of improved integrated models

and decision support tools. Users will be developers of integrated management models and

decision support tools in both academia and business, river basin management authorities and

consortia who will find guidance on how to design a stakeholder process for developing a river

basin management plan. This will support the implementation of the public participation

provisions of the Water Framework Directive. The project will lead to the accumulation of

human (build up of individual expertise) and social capital inherent in the network of researchers

and stakeholder groups.

PARTNERS> Ecole Nationale des Ponts et

Chaussées, Marne la Vallée,France

> University of Alcala, Alcala deHenares Comunidad deMadrid, Spain

> Ecologic - Institute forInternational and EuropeanEnvironmental Policy, Berlin,Germany

> Centre National duMachinisme Agricole, duGénie rural, des Eaux et desForêts, Montpellier, France

> WRC PLC, Swindon, UnitedKingdom

> Delft University ofTechnology, The Netherlands

> Budapest University ofTechnology and Economics,Budapest, Hungary

> Autonomous University ofBarcelona, Sant Cugat DelValles, Spain

> Katholieke UnversiteitLeuven, Research andDevelopment, Louvain,Belgium

> University of Maastricht,The Netherlands

> Università degli Studi diUdine, Italy

> Colenco Power EngineeringLtd, Baden, Switzerland

> Stichting WaterloopkundigLaboratorium, Delft, TheNetherlands

> Institute for Inland WaterManagement and WasteWater Treatment, Lelystad,The Netherlands

91


Objectives and Problems to be solvedIn particular during the second half of the 20th century, much of the research both on farm

tests and extension operations was conducted to develop alternative agricultural practices,

technologies and approaches in order to build up sustainable agriculture. Most of these

initiatives and investigations were in North and South America and Australia where conservation

agriculture covers over a million hectares. Many scientific research papers already confirm its

positive effect on-farm and off-farm economic, social and environmental effects and much

scientific research is currently in progress throughout the world in order to refine agro-ecological

systems by improving their resilience, profitability and dissemination conditions.

In spite of these trends, conventional agriculture is still dominant in the EU countries where

agricultural land covers about half of the territory. In numerous situations, negative impacts on

the environment resulting from current European farming practices are recognized and some

degradation forms quantified (ECAF). In recent decades, certain measures taken in the framework

of the CAP or national policies tentatively contributed to tackling these environmental

degradation issues.

Agro-ecological systems and technologies are still poorly adopted in Europe. A recent cross analysis

of the attitude of farmers and experts in 6 EU member states and Switzerland towards no-tillage

systems emphasized an existing contradiction between research results and the opinion of experts

and farmers. It clearly showed the lack of knowledge of EU farmers and experts compared with

US farmers and experts participating in the study.

The overall objective of KASSA is to build up a comprehensive knowledge base assembling

international experience on sustainable agriculture and emphasising pathways, conditions and

challenges to be considered by European stakeholders (farmers, researchers and policymakers)

in order to improve agricultural sustainability in Europe. KASSA will make it possible to learn

from past and ongoing research activities and technology implementation to identify gaps,

scope for the collaboration of potential stakeholders and the major social, cultural, technical

and economic issues. This will lead to bringing to the fore the major research questions to be

addressed, and the practical learning and capacity building conditions to support agricultural

sustainability strengthening in Europe and Southern countries.

Description of WorkKASSA will be achieved through an inventory and analysis of experience and results on

sustainable agricultures, the synthesis and sharing of lessons learned in Europe and Southern

countries and gap analysis and fill-in. KASSA will be built on 3 successive tasks each followed

by a validation meeting:

1. comprehensive inventory, assessment and critical analysis of existing knowledge on

sustainable agriculture

2. learning from local/regional past and ongoing experience

3. refining findings

An external panel of experts will contribute to the critical analysis and validation of

KASSA results before their final delivery. The prospects for sustainable agriculture in

Europe will be addressed at the time of the closing international conference. KASSA

results and findings, recommendations and the major future research actions will be

delivered at that time.

Knowledge Assessment and Sharing on Sustainable Agriculture (KASSA)


CONTRACT: GOCE-CT-2004-505582EC CONTRIBUTION: €750,000STARTING DATE: 01/09/2004DURATION: 18 months


COORDINATORFrancis FORESTPhone: +33 4 67 61 56 41Fax: +33 4 67 61 60e-mail: [email protected] Dr Rabah LAHMER Phone: +33 4 67 61 75 69Fax: +33 4 67 61 71 60e-mail: [email protected] de CoopérationInternationale en RechercheAgronomique pour leDéveloppementAvenue AGropolis- TA 74/09F-34398 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5

PARTNERS> Institut National de la

Recherche Agronomique,France

> Fondation Nationale pourune Agriculture de Conser-vation des Sols, France

> Royal Veterinary andAgricultural University,Denmark

> Justus-Liebig-Universität,Giessen, Germany

> Centre for AgriculturalLandscape and Land UseResearch, Institute of Soil,Germany

> Norwegian Crop ResearchInstitute

> Environmental NetworkLimited, United Kingdom

92


Expected ResultsKASSA intends to use inventories, assessment, cross analysis, refinement and the sharing of

findings on sustainable agriculture research results and practical lessons in order to achieve

the following:

> reinforce the capacity of the European Research Area (ERA). It will provide major new relevant

and on-site based research items and approaches contributing to agriculture, the environment

and the sustainability of natural resources. This might help ERA to play an effective role as

interface between societal needs and policy requirements

> enhance the knowledge and initiative capacity of European farmers and extensionists. It will

provide reliable practical information that might help to match new, profitable economic

strategies and the adoption of new technologies for the combined sustaining of agricultural

activity and protecting the environment and natural resource

> increase awareness and promote the commitment of NGOs, farmer organisations and the

private sector through free, easy access to a website information system on sustainable

agriculture (knowledge and prospects)

> contribute refined relevant key information that may help policymakers to develop and

implement a new agricultural and environmental policy that matches the requirements of

sustainable development

Moreover, KASSA's achievements will provide an updated, state-of-the-art view of sustainable

agriculture in Europe and other countries. This will provide a reliable basis for the development

of new concepts and site-specific technological strategies for sustainable resources management.

The information assembled will form a reference database of great interest for land-use modelling

purposes; it will give the European scientific community an opportunity to initiate the setting

up of a comprehensive logical and conceptual framework aimed at collecting and formatting

biophysical and socio-economic patterns in support of policy-making.

The results will be widely disseminated beyond the EU and participating countries and research

teams. In addition to the reports released (publications, CD-ROM), easy access to information

will be provided on a web site, in an appropriate format directly meeting the requirements of

stakeholders: farmers and extensionists, researchers, civil society representatives and

policymakers. The project Central Coordinator will operate and update this web site beyond

the project duration.

In the context of globalisation, European countries undoubtedly have an interest in

contributing to the development of global/local solutions aiming at agricultural and

environmental sustainability, food security and safety, poverty alleviation and economic and

social viability. Developing an interconnected initiative, KASSA will mobilise substantial

European and Southern research capacity as well as CGIAR(1) programmes. This should lead

to the identifying of fundamental processes, factor interactions and resulting impacts that

will jointly benefit agriculture in Europe and in Southern countries. Gap identification may

enable progress in knowledge and strengthen technological innovation and expertise

capacity in support of agricultural viability as well as Europe-South solidarity in addressing

challenging issues.

(1) Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research

> Estonian AgriculturalUniversity, Estonia

> Research Institute of CropProduction, Czech Republic

> National Scientific Centre“Institute for Soil Science andAgrochemistry Research”,Ukraine

> Consejo Superior deInverstigaciones Cientificas,Spain

> Universitat de Lleida, Spain> Instituto Tecnologico

Agrario de Castilla y Leon,Spain

> Instituto Nacional deInvestigación y TecnologicoAgraria y Alimentaria,Spain

> Instituto Tecnico y deGestion Agricola S.A., Spain

> Institut National de laRecherche Agronomique,Morocco

> Centro InternazionaleCrocevia, Italy

> National AgriculturalResearch Foundation,Greece

> Centro Internacional deMejoramiento de Maiz yTrigo, Mexico

> Centre for Advancement ofSustainable Agriculture,India

> Vietnam AgriculturalScience Institute, Vietnam

> Instituto Agronomico doParana, Brazil

> Fundacao de Apoio aoEnsino, Pesquisa e Extensão,Brazil

> Universidade Federal deGoias, Brazil

> Embrapa-Centro nacional dePesquisa de Trigo, Brazil

> Asociation de Productores deOleaginosas y Trigo, Bolívia

> Asociación Argentina deProductores en SiembraDirecta, Argentina

93


Objectives and Problems to be solvedHydrogen fuelled buses are being tested in selected cities world-wide, with a view to achievingfull commercialisation. However, the successful introduction of these vehicles will depend notonly on technical maturity, but also on public acceptance of hydrogen fuel and technologies.While there is strong industrial and political interest in the introduction of hydrogen vehiclesto the market, a belief among many experts persists that the wider public might not accepthydrogen fuel for safety reasons.

In this context, the overall aim of the project is to support the future introduction of hydrogen-fuelled buses (HBs) by conducting a systematic evaluation of public perceptions, values, andintended and actual use of HBs. This evaluation will permit an assessment of both the publicacceptability and the economic viability of HBs. The research will be carried out through detailedsurveys of public perceptions and economic preferences which will be conducted both ‘before’and ‘after’ high-profile HBs demonstration projects held in five cities: London, Munich,Luxembourg, Perth (Australia) and Oakland (USA).

Public perceptions and acceptance of hydrogen technologies will be critical to the success of theseHB demonstration projects. However, there have been very few comprehensive studies intoeconomic values and public perceptions of fuel cell and/or hydrogen-fuelled vehicles. Most researchassessing the potential for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the transport market has only looked atthe strict technical and financial feasibility of the technology and not at its wider economic impact.

The project will address this lack of data by evaluating public perceptions and acceptance of hydrogenvehicles, especially fuel cell buses, and measuring economic preferences towards the use and uptakeof these vehicles. The study will also assess how knowledge, perceptions, values and use vary acrossdifferent population segments within each city and across the populations of the five cities.

Description of WorkHB demonstration projects will be held in many cities; the project is based on five of these: London,Munich, Luxembourg, Perth (Australia) and Oakland (USA). The London and Luxembourg studieswill assess the influence of the EC-funded Clean Urban Transport for Europe (CUTE) project,developed under Framework Programme 5. This demonstration project is introducingDaimlerChrysler Citaro buses with Ballard fuel cells and compressed hydrogen fuel into each ofthose cities (as well as 8 other cities within the EU). The Munich study will assess the effect ofthe H2 ICE project being run in Ottobrunn, while the Perth study evaluates a similar bus to theCUTE project but funded by the Western Australian Government. The Oakland study will assessthe effect of a fuel cell bus project using Van der Hool buses and UTC fuel cells.

Expected resultsThis project has been conceived as a means of contributing towards the long-term strategicobjectives of introducing hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles into vehicle markets. The projectconcentrates entirely on buses, as these are considered to be the most appropriate vehicletype for early demonstration projects for two reasons. Their set routes and large size meanthat the reduced vehicle range associated with H2 vehicles and the current lack of significantrefuelling infrastructure is less problematic for buses than for other vehicle types; and manypeople will travel on each HB, thus gaining first hand experience of hydrogen vehicles.

In developing a detailed understanding of public perceptions and values of HBs, the projectwill contribute towards an understanding of how best to develop, present, and ultimatelymarket hydrogen vehicles and technologies. The integration of the results into policydesign will assist with the achievement of specific policy objectives. The results of theproject will therefore become a useful tool for stakeholders wishing to enhance marketopportunities for this new generation of cleaner and quieter vehicles.

Public Acceptance of Hydrogen Transport Technologies (ACCEPTH2)


CONTRACT: ENK5-CT-2002-80653EC CONTRIBUTION: €350,000STARTING DATE: 01/01/2003DURATION: 30 Months

http://www.accepth2.com/

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Joaquin MARTIN BERMEJOTel: +32 2 29 58332Fax: +32 2 29 64288e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORDavid HARTTel: +44 20 7594 9300Fax: +44 20 7594 9334e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> ICSTM, London, United

Kingdom> LBST, Munich, Germany> USAAR, Saabrucken,

Germany> Institute of Transport

Studies, UC Davis, SanFrancisco, USA

> The Department ofTransport, Perth, Australia

> Murdoch University, Perth,Australia

NB: Only the first 3 of these 6partners are EC funded

94


Information requirements and countermeasure evaluation techniques in nuclear emergency management (EVATECH)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedEVATECH has been established to enhance the quality and coherence of response to nuclear

emergencies in Europe by improving the decision support methods, models and management

processes in ways that take into account the needs and concerns of the different parties

involved. Specific objectives are: to develop the countermeasure evaluation subsystems (ESY)

included in RODOS and ARGOS systems; to help the decision-makers judge the relative merits

of different strategies through the provision of better tools; to survey, document and compare

emergency management processes and duties of the parties involved in several countries and

find practices which could be shared; to define the information needs of a variety of users of

decision support systems within the emergency management process; to deepen insight on value

judgements which are brought into play by different stakeholders; to develop methods for

stakeholder involvement in exercises and emergency planning which will enhance public

confidence and understanding with regard to nuclear emergency management.

Description of WorkThe project has been divided into four work packages:

> development and improvement of software for the evaluation subsystem and its integration

specifically into the RODOS and ARGOS decision support systems. The software will first be tested

in a test environment and later in the workshops in work package 4

> processes of management of nuclear emergencies will be surveyed in four participating

countries. Modern process modelling techniques will be used to produce a generic process

model for emergency management; this will then be used to describe emergency management

arrangements in the UK, Belgium, Germany and the Slovak Republic

> generic methodologies will be developed for carrying out decision making workshops and

experts from all participating countries will be trained to facilitate national workshops

> scenario-focused decision-making workshops will be arranged in each participating country

using a common accident scenario. The workshops will be attended by a diverse range of

stakeholders in emergency management

Expected ResultsFull documentation of the evaluation subsystem will be provided. Emergency management

processes in several countries will be documented and modelled with recommendations on

good practice. A training seminar for facilitators of decision-making workshops will be

arranged and template methodologies for conducting the workshops will be documented.

Seven national workshops will be arranged and the results of the decisions in comparable

emergency situations will be reported.

CONTRACT: FIKR-CT-2001-20193EC CONTRIBUTION: €595,983STARTING DATE: 01/12/2001DURATION: 36 months

http://www-iip.wiwi.uni-karlsruhe.de/forschung/technik_html/projekte/evatech/evatech_projekte.htm


COORDINATORRaimo MUSTONENSTUK - Radiation and NuclearSafety AuthorityP.O. Box 14, SFFI- 00881 HelsinkiPhone: +358 9 759 884 92Fax: +358 9 759 884 98e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> University of Manchester,

Manchester, UnitedKingdom

> National RadiologicalProtection Board, Chilton,United Kingdom

> ForschungszentrumKarlsruhe, Karlsruhe,Germany

> University of Karlsruhe,Karlsruhe, Germany

> Bundesamt fürStrahlenschutz, Salzgitter,Germany

> Danish EmergencyManagement Agency,Birkeroed, Denmark

> VUJE Trvana Inc., Trnava,Slovak Republic

> Belgian Nuclear ResearchCentre, Mol, Belgium

> Institute of Atomic Energy,Otwock, Poland

95


Objectives and Problems to be solvedFARMING aims to set up a network of stakeholder working groups in 5 Member States,

involving more than 50 individual stakeholders, to assist in the development of robust and

practicable strategies for restoring and managing agricultural land and food products,

contaminated by radioactive material, in a sustainable way.

Wide-scale contamination of the food-chain following a nuclear accident could have

considerable consequences for European farming and food industries. Accidental releases of

radioactivity do not respect national boundaries and subsequent contamination of the food-

chain is likely to affect several Member States. The need for good lines of communication

between countries is therefore imperative, as has been highlighted by the BSE crisis, problems

with dioxin-contaminated animal feed and foot and mouth disease.

Description of WorkStakeholder groups have been established in the UK, France, Finland, Belgium and Greece based

on prior experience with a group in the UK.

These groups will:

> establish lines of communication between those organisations which, in the event of a nuclear

accident, would be involved in decisions on the need for intervention in agricultural systems

in the medium to long-term, and their implementation

> provide a forum for the dissemination of relevant information on agricultural countermeasures

> debate and judge the practicality of various countermeasure options, as part of pre-accident

planning, and to distil the implications for government and the agriculture and food industries;

and to identify where further work is required

Participation in the stakeholder groups is diverse and includes governmental and non-

governmental organisations, the farming and food industries, retailers, consumers, etc. Each

group acts autonomously in its own national context but experience is shared through regular

exchange where pan-European issues addressed.

Expected ResultsThe practicality of restoration strategies will be debated at a senior level and in a European

context, taking into account regulatory views, social and political factors and industrial

constraints. This will promote the level of authoritative advice given to government at various

levels and enhance the credibility of information communicated to members of the public.

A series of reports will be produced to consolidate principal findings from a European

perspective. A website (www.ec-farming.net) has been established which has proved an

efficient communication mechanism both inside and outside the project. A workshop will

be organised in the final year of the project to describe state-of-the-art restoration

strategies and to advertise the existence of the stakeholder network.

Food and Agriculture Restoration Management InvolvingNetworked Groups (FARMING)


CONTRACT: FIKR-CT-2000-20064 EC CONTRIBUTION: €299,890STARTING DATE: 26/10/2000DURATION: 48 months

http://www.ec-farming.net/

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Neale KELLYPhone: +32 2 29 56484Fax: +32 29 54991e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORAnne NISBETNational RadiologicalProtection Board (NRPB)ChiltonDidcotOxon OX11 0RQUnited KingdomPhone: +44 1235 822 761Fax: +44 1235 833 891e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Inst. Nat. Agr. ISP/INAPG,

Paris-Grignon, France> STUK, Helsinki, Finland> CEN/SCK, Mol, Belgium> University of Ioannina,

Greece

96


A long-term strategy for raising public awareness offusion and providing feedback to the fusion R&D community (PUBLICAWA-FUS)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe goal of this research is to find out effective ways of raising public awareness on fusion in

the long-term. The objective is to build a bridge between the fusion community and the public

at large, through the techniques of Socio Economic Research using as a bi-directional

communication channel the communication of the results of previous Socio-Economic Research

on Fusion (SERF).

SERF studies completed so far have been of the utmost importance to demonstrate the attractive

features of fusion power. The problem is to find effective ways to maximize their impact by

communication their contents and main messages to international energy and environmental

specialists, who can incorporate this information in energy studies of a broader scope.

Description of WorkIn the energy world, the focus shifts towards long-term thinking. The time span of scenario

studies is extending: from several decades to as long as a century. While fusion did not come into

the picture in earlier scenario studies, it certainly should play a role in the longer time span

studies. Since research programs in the coming decades will shape the energy world for the larger

part of the century, a closer collaboration with the energy world in general is needed.

Furthermore, making sure that comments and opinions coming from outside the fusion

community reach the fusion Research, Development and Deployment community could enhance

the effectiveness of fusion RD&D. This feedback from various sources can be used to adjust the

focus of fusion studies.

The study will selectively collect and prepare the material and the information contained in the

SERF reports in a way that is understandable and useful to the groups mentioned above. The

work entails the collection of reports on fusion and its socio-economic advantages produced

across the world, the dissemination of the main messages and findings, within and outside the

fusion community, to international energy and environmental conferences and meetings, and

the preparation of an extended analysis of feedbacks to the fusion community from outside.

Expected ResultsThe final result of the activity should be to diffuse between energy environment and economic

specialists the knowledge of the fusion option and of its characteristics. A second and symmetric

result of the task inside the fusion R&D community will be a better knowledge of the

drawbacks of fusion in its present concept as perceived from outside and hints to focus future

R&D activities in order to answer, if necessary, the concerns raised.

CONTRACT: TW4-TRE-FESA-CEC CONTRIBUTION: €116.000STARTING DATE: 01/07/2003DURATION: 16 months

www.efda.org


COORDINATORNiek Lopez CARDOSOFOM - Institute for PlasmaPhysics RijnhuizenP.O. Box 1207NL-3430 BE NIEUWEGEINPhone: +31 30 609 69 99Fax: +31 30 603 12 04e-mail: [email protected]

97


Objectives and Problems to be solvedSocio-economic Research in Fusion (SERF activities) have shown so far that fusion power plants

may become an important producer of base load electricity at the end of the century under

favourable circumstances. The allocation of large R&D investments for fusion would greatly

benefit from support of decision makers and public opinion. Therefore it is important to ensure

the inclusion into consideration of fusion by relevant international energy – environment

organizations and in public debates.

Objective of this task is to ensure the inclusion into consideration of fusion research in general

and of ITER sitting in particular by different groups of high school students in selected countries

involved into ITER program (Austria, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Spain) and, for

Spain and France, involved into the proposal for an ITER site.

The problem of this experimental social science research is to understand the effectiveness of

the tools used so far to teach energy related problems and solutions to high school students and

to provide hints that improve the communication of the rationale for large R&D investments on

new energy options, such as fusion.

Description of WorkThe starting point is the school information kit “Couldn’t be without it!” prepared by EFDA in

the framework of EIROFORUM, bearing the title: “Energy, Powering Your World”. It is now

available in English, French, German and Italian.

The following steps are envisaged:

> to open a “working group” inside the EFDA website

> to contact high schools in each of the involved countries, where the effectiveness of the toolkit

will be assessed

> to circulate questionnaires among students and teachers in order to evaluate the awareness

of short and long-term energy problems in general and of the need to develop new and better

technologies, such as fusion

> by convening a meeting of representatives from the schools, to debate the issue and to

compare the most important findings in each class / school results

Expected ResultsThe study will provide guidance to improve the effectiveness for students and teachers of

the new issue of the school information kit “Couldn’t be without it!”. Furthermore it will

suggest more effective ways to communicate to young generations the energy environment

economic problems we face today and the rationale for carrying out large RD&D efforts

in the field of new energy technologies.

Awareness of energy systems and fusion in schoolsacross Europe (AWASTUD-FUS)


CONTRACT: TW3-TRE-FESA-CEC CONTRIBUTION: €32,000STARTING DATE: 01/06/2003DURATION: 10 months

www.efda.org

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Giancarlo TOSATOPhone: +49 89 3299 4194Fax: +49 89 3299 4197e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORGaetano BORRELLIENEA, CR CasacciaVia Anguillarese 301I-00060 Santa Maria diGaleria (Roma)Phone: +39 06 3048 4018Fax: +39 06 3048 4925e-mail:[email protected]

98


Fusion and public risk perception in German-speakingcountries: empirical evidence from inclusive deliberativemethods (FOCUSGR-FUS)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe objective of this research is to evaluate public risk perception of several energy, safety

and environment related issues, such as global climate change, biodiversity and long-term

energy supply such as fusion, carrying out focus groups in German speaking countries. The

central problem is to identify which attitudes influence the perception of fusion most and how

they are related to the other issues. This research broadens the experimental analyses of public

opinion on fusion conducted among others in Italy (Porto Torres) with the European Awareness

Scenario Workshops technique and in France (Cadarache) with focus groups.

Description of WorkThe task carries out social activities and empirical research on the public perception of fusion in

comparison to:

> other (present and future) energy sources

> other emerging technologies (gene technology in medicine, drug production, agriculture, food

production), and

> certain areas of high public interest and risk awareness of both natural and man-made origin

(climate change, biodiversity, land use, urbanisation, transportation) including the

corresponding public attitudes towards risk and novelty

The perception of an innovation as being novel can affect the way related risks are perceived

and vice versa. Underlying attitudinal factors could be as important for novelty as for risk

perception. In risk perception they modulate basic patterns like severity, familiarisation, sensibility,

and naturalness or situation related patterns like voluntarism, controllability, equity, and thrust

in authorities. Especially regarding the long-term aspect of energy supply security the study will

combine research on public risk perception and communication with specific cultural value

patterns and the intense debate on sustainable development.

Since the guiding principle “sustainability” is much more general than the risk approach, the

novelty concept will be added to the concept of risk. In this way participants will have a chance

of evaluating and comparing losses against benefits. Possible hazards should be discussed in

relation to possible benefits. Risk reductions should be discussed including possible secondary

benefits (resolving a risk situation could be a chance to gain secondary benefits).

The study will involve different stakeholder groups and interested parties. The empirical

research will be carried out through three different social techniques: qualitative interviews,

Risk Perception and Novelty Questionnaire, Focus Groups.

Expected ResultsThis study identifies and investigates independent variables, which influence perception

and in turn possible future social amplifications of risks. For example, the risk of unreliable

energy supply in the future, being it primary energy or electricity, is dependent on decision-

making processes of today. In public, energy supply security is mostly understood as a

phenomenon of limited oil and gas reserves present and corresponding energy price

volatilities. The research will investigate how risk perception and energy supply security

are related to electricity, in view of future fusion’s contribution. It will be found out

as well how exogenous factors impact future risk perceptions. Finding underlying

attitudinal factors may allow to infer how the public could react if energy supply

security should decrease in the future.

CONTRACT: TW4-TRE-FESA-CEC CONTRIBUTION: €48,000STARTING DATE: 01/01/2004DURATION: 12 months

www.efda.org

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Giancarlo TOSATOPhone: +49 89 3299.4194Fax: +49 89 3299.4197e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORWolfgang KROMPOEAW / IRRTuerkenschanzstrasse 17/8A-1180 Vienna, AUSTRIAPhone: +43 1 427722 111Fax: +43 1 4277 9221e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> IRR of the University of

Vienna, Austria> IIASA, Laxenburg. Vienna,

Austria> ICCR, Vienna, Austria> Centre for Energy Policy

and Economics, Zurich,Switzerland

99


CROSS-CUTTING



Objectives and Problems to be solvedInterlinkages between the different domains of European policies are not yet well understood

and to a large degree not utilised. The improvement of policy coherence can be achieved by careful

evaluation of the effects of these policies. The estimates of economic, environmental and social

impacts inside and outside the EU of each policy proposal can help the policy makers in identifying

likely spill-overs – good and bad – into other policy areas and in taking them into account.

Against this background, the Impact Assessment (IA) procedure was introduced by the European

Commission with its Communication on Impact Assessment (COM(2002)276final). The

Introduction of IA responds to both the Göteborg commitments of the European Commission

to implement the EU Strategy of Sustainable Development and its Laeken commitments to

promote better law-making.

The I.Q. Tools project aims to support the process of ex ante policy appraisal in the European

Commission, in particular the process of IA. The tool to be developed by the project will allow

desk officers to assess the potential effects of policy initiatives on the economic, environmental

and social dimensions of sustainability and the significance of these impacts. It will consist of a

quantitative modelling component and a qualitative tool.

Against this background, project objectives are to:

> improve and link existing tools for desktop use in the screening/scoping phase of SIA. IQ TOOLS

synthesises the two streams: an I-Tool (with I for indicators) with electronic checklists including

the whole range of indicators and a Q-Tool (with Q for quantification) including a model for

quantitative assessment of basic impacts

> make both parts of I.Q. TOOLS available for desk-top use, i.e. for use of desk officers in the

Commission. I.Q. Tools will be implemented in a web-based version

> test the software for selected European policy initiatives

Description of WorkThe main outputs of the project will be:

Manual of best practices

Experiences with policy appraisal tools will be reviewed at the European level, for selected

Member States and for other countries, on the basis of IAs that were carried out in 2003 and

2004. In-depth case studies will be carried out for the European IAs on Joint

Implementation/Clean Development Mechanism, Trans-EuropeanNetwork (TEN), railway

liberalisation, sugar directive, services in the internal market and unfair commercial practices.

List of impacts

A list of priority impact areas will be provided. An impact inventory will also provide

information about the character of these impacts, if and how they are measured, and what

data is available. The list should help desk-officers to identify and structure the impacts

associated with a given policy proposal. I.Q. Tools will provide a decision-support tool for

IA. The specific decision-support tool will be a web-based desktop software which uses

the impact list as described above for a practical appraisal of Community policies. This

constitutes Part I of the I.Q. Tool (I for Indicators and Impacts). The project consortium

intends to use the IASTAR methodology as developed by the Joint Research Centre

of the European Commission (www.jrc.es/projects/iastar) as a starting point.

Indicators and Quantitative Tools for Improving the Impact Assessment Process

for Sustainability (I.Q. TOOLS)

C R O S S - C U T T I N G

CONTRACT: SSP1-CT-2003-502078EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,232,998STARTING DATE: 01/01/2004DURATION: 24 months

www.zew.de

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Marialuisa TAMBORRAPhone: +32 2 29 50312Fax: +32 2 29 50656e-mail:[email protected]

COORDINATORKlaus RENNINGSCentre for EuropeanEconomic ResearchPO BOX 103443D-68034 MannheimPhone: +49 621 1235 207Fax: +49 624 1235 226e-mail: [email protected]

102


Guide on models

A model inventory reviews existing tools designed to integrate the different dimensions of

sustainable development. It describes the potentials and limitations of existing models, including

their interlinkages (e.g. which outputs of a model can be used as inputs in other models). Up

to four ad-hoc simulations with different models will also be carried out in this context.

Expansion of existing model

In addition to the qualitative indicator tool as described above, a quantitative model will be used

to analyse interlinkages and indirect effects across specific impacts and separate policy areas or

sectors. This constitutes Part Q of the I.Q. Tool (Q for Quantification). Within the project, a

Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model will be implemented, which will provide quantitative

results for selected measures and basic impacts. Extensions of the CGE model are planned to respond

to additional needs e.g. in the area of carbon storage and imperfect competition.

Process of IA and Structure of I.Q. Tools

The development of the tool will be oriented along the 7 steps of IA as required in the IA

Guidelines of the European Commission, with a focus on step 4 “impact assessment” (see figure).

The software will be tested for concrete IAs at the European level for specific EU impact

assessments. The outputs will be documented in an electronic handbook. The handbook will

include the review of best practices, an impact inventory for the qualitative assessment, a guide

on models, including a CGE model.

1. Description of Issue

2. Description of Objectives

3. Description of Policy Options

4. Impact Assessment

Qualitative Assessment:

Manual of Best Practices

List of Impacts

Quantitative Assessment:

Guide on Models

Expansion of Existing Model

5. Monitoring

6. Stakeholder Consultation

7. Draft of Proposal

Expected ResultsIn the Communication on Impact Assessment (COM(2002)276final) the European Commission

committed itself to perform impact assessment of all major policy proposals. The aim is

improved quality and coherence of policy processes, especially those related to the European

Strategy for Sustainable Development.

Thus the deliverables of I.Q. Tools are practical tools for EU policy making that will be

used as ex-ante assessment instruments in the EU administration for assessing and

quantifying trade-offs between the three dimensions of sustainability. The project

mainly focuses on the EU level but considers experiences and best practices in member

states and outside the EU.

PARTNERS> Science and Technology Policy

Research, University of Sussex,United Kingdom

> Avanzi SRL, Milan, Italy> Environmental Policy

Research Centre, FreieUniversität Berlin, Germany

> Institute for ProspectiveTechnological Studies, JRC,Seville, Spain

> Institute for EuropeanEnvironmental Policy,London, United Kingdom

> Interdisciplinary Centre forScientific Computing,University of Heidelberg,Germany

103


Objectives and Problems to be solvedWorking group 7 (Agriculture) under the European Climate Change Programme has so far

mainly dealt with mitigation potentials of greenhouse gases (GHGs). A thorough integrated

economic and environmental assessment in the area of European agriculture and sinks has not

yet been carried out. In order to support the international negotiation process and for the

development of good policies the Integrated Sink Enhancement Assessment (INSEA) project's

objective is to develop an analytical tool to assess economic and environmental effects from

enhancing carbon sinks and GHG abatement in agriculture and forestry.

Description of WorkThe approach is centred on spatially explicit databases that allows the calculation of “cost-

landscapes”. An engineering approach is used for cost computation of efficient land-based GHG

management. Various models are applied to detailed European data sets and less detailed global

data sets assessing the marginal abatement cost and long-term scenarios of GHG mitigating

measures. Concise policy conclusions from the modelling exercise will aim at supporting the

implementation of the Kyoto Protocol commitments as well as post-Kyoto negotiations and long-

run scenarios. A spatially explicit approach is advocated, motivated by the fact that LULUCF

activities are by their very nature spatial and aggregate non-spatial treatment could lead to biases

in the assessment. Furthermore, not only a simple and easily tractable static and deterministic

approach is proposed for cost calculations, but also more comprehensive, dynamic, and uncertainty

(risk)-based treatments will complement the analysis. Such a multi-dimensional approach is

necessary since ecosystems are usually more complicated and complex in their responses than

technical systems and therefore robustness and consistency across a variety of decision rules will

guarantee sustainable management of natural terrestrial resources.

Expected ResultsRight from the start, a common database will be made available to all partners and, with some

restrictions, to the Outside (see lower box of Figure 1). Common GHG accounting and cost-

accounting standards will be developed providing input to detailed biophysical models assessing

greenhouse gas-mitigation effects due to management change. Likewise, system boundaries

and baselines all the way to scenario assumptions shall be harmonized within the project and

with ongoing related assessment studies. The next two blocks are about microlevel modelling

with an individual farm model on the agricultural side (EFEM-DNDC) and forest-plot models

on the forestry side (PICUS). The results from the farm models will be checked for consistency

with the regional results – on NUT2 level – from the model AROPAj. In addition, the interplay

between these two models, both of which are based on data from the European Farm

Accountancy Data Network, will also help to quantify the GHG mitigation implications of

reform strategies of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP Reform). Results from

the EURO-FOR model—a forest-management model operating on a regional scale—will

be downscaled to half degree grids in order to validate results from the stand-level PICUS

model. Results from the regional (meso-scale) models from both sectors will then feed

into the EU-FASOM and AGRIPOL models, which will be used for aggregate analysis

augmented by market effects. EU-FASOM is a dynamic partical equilibrium model of

the European combined agriculture and forest sectors. AGIPOL simulates under

exogenous constraints of resources and levels of production, the effect of

implementing a carbon price in agriculture on a global scale and is used to link

INSEA results to the Global Emissions Control Strategies (GECS) Project.

Integrated Sink Enhancement Assessment (INSEA)


CONTRACT: SSPI-CT-2003-503614EC CONTRIBUTION: €1,488,750STARTING DATE: 01/01/2004DURATION: 30 months

http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/FOR/ INSEA/index.html


COORDINATORDr Michael OBERSTEINERInternational Institute forApplied Systems AnalysisSchlossplatz 1A-2361 LaxenburgPhone: +43 2236 807 460Fax: +43 2236 807 599e-mail: [email protected]

104


The agronomics and carbon implications of management change in the agricultural sector

will be quantified with the latest version of EPIC and partly with DNDC. Afforestation activities

for sink enhancement and the production of biomass for bioenergy will form the system

boundaries between the agriculture and forest sector-specific model clusters.

A set of first-cut results for one region in the European Union is due by September 2004. These

results will then form the basis for incremental improvement to tailor the approach to the

requirements of the stakeholders in an iterative process and to increase geographic coverage

to the enlarged European Union. The detailed European results together with more aggregate

analysis will be available for global analysis by the end of 2005. The INSEA project collaborates

in close partnership with a number of international science networks such as: The

Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change(1); and the Global Carbon Project(2) of the

International Global Biosphere Program(3); the International Human Dimensions Program(4); and

the World Climate Research Program; to improve the understanding of modern integrated land-

based GHG management.

PARTNERS> Joint Research Centre,

European Commission> Bundesanstalt für

Geowissenschaften undRohstoffe, Germany

> Soil Science and ConservationResearch Institute, Slovakia

> Luleâ tekniska universitet,Sweden

> Universität Hohenheim,Germany

> Institut National de laRecherche Agronomique,France

> Johanneum ResearchForschungsgesellschaftGmbH, Austria

> Universität fürBodenkultur, Austria

> Centre de CoopérationInternationale enRecherche Agronomiquepour le Développement,France

> European Forest Institute,Finland

> Universität Hamburg,Germany

(1) www.ipcc.ch

(2) www.gcp.org

(3) www.igbp.kva.se

(4) www.ihdp.uni-bonn.de

105


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe essential approach adopted in this initiative is founded on the premise that for agriculture

to be sustainable (and considered consequently, as a pillar in sustainable development) its

multifunctional dimension must be acknowledged and promoted. The EU society has ratified

a European Model of Agriculture that evolves towards this new paradigm. In fact, citizens have

acknowledged the importance of agriculture as a provider of non-agricultural related goods

and services. It is now required to examine and define more precisely the multiple roles and

functions of agriculture(so its multifunctionality), the suitable parameters and indicators to

assess them and the (private and public) goods and services provided.

For agriculture to play an effective role as an activity that secures better social, environmental

and economic conditions for a sustainable development, then a broader approach to

multifunctional and sustainable agriculture and the role it plays in wider rural development

needs to be conceived.

Description of WorkAlthough the notion of multifunctionality only recently appeared on international political

agendas, numerous social, cultural, technical and research practices have already referred to it

previously, whether explicitly or not. The concept of multifunctionality thus finds itself embedded

in a broad domain, covering a broad and diverse range of research approaches, scientific disciplines

and social practices. But before launching a research programme on sustainable agriculture the

previous research work results need to be structured, assessed and revised within a global

framework of multifunctionality and sustainable agricultural development to allow relevant

questions to be raised for future research. This is the role devoted to MULTAGRI, by capitalising

on the results of research carried out on the multifunctionality of agriculture and rural areas as

a way to reinforce and promote sustainable agriculture and integrated rural development.

Six steps have been defined to capitalise the results of research by:

1. Evaluating the state-of-the-art of current research.

2. Further analysis and understanding of ongoing research work.

3. Identifying the main institutions and networks involved in this sort of research, inside and

outside Europe, with special attention for EU candidate countries.

4. Identifying the different disciplines and scientific approaches that are providing knowledge

and conceptual background to this area of research.

5. Providing a conceptual and analytical framework that allows for the identification of fields

for further research.

6. Formulating the main lines of recommendations for future research concerning the

multifunctionality of agriculture and rural areas and identify promising approaches and

topics for further research.

Capitalisation of Research Results on theMultifunctionality of Agriculture and Rural Areas

(MULTAGRI)


CONTRACT: GOCE-CT-2003-505297EC CONTRIBUTION: €899,999STARTING DATE: 01/02/2004DURATION: 18 months

http://www.multagri.net


COORDINATORMr Dominique CAIROLCemagrefParc de Tourvoie BP 44F-92163 AntonyPhone: +33 1 40966050Fax: +33 1 40966134e-mail: [email protected]

106


In order to structure the broad and diverse range of scientific disciplines, research approaches

and social practices that are relevant for the state-of-the-art review of research and for

recommending promising lines for future research, six thematic axes of research are defined

within the wider topic of multifunctional and sustainable agriculture:

1. Definitions, references and interpretations of the concept of multifunctionality and its

contribution to sustainable development.

2. Consumer and societal demands.

3. Knowledge, models, techniques, tools and indicators for examining the multifunctionality of

agriculture.

4. Multifunctionality of activities, plurality of identities, and new institutional arrangements.

5. Setting-up and management of public policies with multifunctional purpose: connecting

agriculture with new markets and services and rural SMEs.

6. Evaluation of policies with respect to multifunctionality of agriculture: observation tools and

support for policy formulation and evaluation.

Expected ResultsThe results of MULTAGRI will contribute to a better understanding amongst policy makers,

stakeholder groups, scientists and society at large of the current and potential impacts of EU

policies on the economic, environmental and social sustainability of agriculture and rural

development.

The MULTAGRI project will organise several European workshops strengthening the European

Research Area. The MULTAGRI project will deliver scientific reports with free access on the

website.

The MULTAGRI project will sketch out, through a final international seminar on sustainable and

multifunctional agriculture, the research agenda for future.

Most of these events will be on our web-site which also informs the public about the major

goals and expected outcomes of the project: http://www.multagri.net

PARTNERS> Institut National de la

Recherche Agronomique, Paris,France

> Institute of Landscape Ecologyof the Czech Academy ofSciences, Ceske Budejovice,Czech Republic

> Leibniz-Zentrum fürAgrarlandschafts undLandnutzungsforschung,Müncheberg, Germany

> Wageningen Unversiteit,The Netherlands

> Helsingin Yliopisto, Helsinki,Finland

> Institut für ländlicheStrukturforschung an derJ.W. Goethe Universität,Frankfurt, Germany

> Centre de CooperationInternationale enRecherche Agronomiquepour le développement,Paris, France

107


Objectives and Problems to be solvedDuring the last decade, all over Europe urban development programmes have been established

with a view to combating urban problems and/or stimulating urban dynamics. These

programmes have been set up in a new policy-making context, that of urban governance, the

development of which they have often enhanced. Three problems are addressed in this project.

What are the effects of urban development programmes on social inclusion and urban

sustainability? How did certain forms of urban governance shape these programmes, their

definition, their implementation and their successes and failures? How has the presence of these

programmes changed urban governance or even stimulated forms of urban governance (the

feedback loop). In the course of the project, attention has been shifted from the first to the

other two research questions.

Description of WorkTo answer these problems, the project undertook a multilevel research in 32 neighbourhoods in

17 cities and nine countries in three phases. During the first one, databases of indicators and of

urban development programmes were constructed and analysed. This was followed by interviews

with ‘local actors’ (at the neighbourhood and city level) concerning the effects of the urban

development programmes at a local level. Information from both phases provided the basis for

a cross-evaluation. This cross-evaluation was performed by international project teams spending

one week in each country; they interviewed central policy-makers and visited the neighbourhoods,

assisted by the local partner. Although the comparative perspective is evident, the focus was on

the European dimension.

Final ResultsIn addition to the usual products, working documents (such as ‘National Context Reports’) and

databases (urban development programmes, indicators), the following results are worth noting.

The results have been published in a series ‘UGIS-Collection’: ’Towards a Conceptual Framework’,

‘On the Origins of Urban Development Programmes in nine European Countries’, ‘How to

Develop a Successful Urban Development Programme’ (due shortly and already available in

German as a working document), and ‘Urban governance, social inclusion and sustainability’

(provisional title, also due shortly).

The production of a ‘Handbook for Policy Makers’ has been particularly well received, as

demonstrated at the final conference with the attendance of about one hundred stakeholders

from the participating countries. This Handbook is intended to provide practical answers in

clear and straightforward language to a series of questions such as: How exclusively should

urban programmes and policies focus on specific areas? If so, how should these areas be

designated? What should be done to avoid displacing problems from one neighbourhood

to another? What time span should UDPs cover? What about after the programme has come

to an end? How ‘general’ and how ’differentiated’ should contracts be? Does intuition,

guts, or political feeling provide a firm enough basis for evaluating urban policies, or are

more sophisticated means needed? If so, what are the minimum requirements with respect

to databases, qualitative and quantitative indicators, and evaluation procedures? The

final chapter presents the reader with a checklist of 30 questions that could assist policy-

makers in the development of a successful urban development programme.

The conceptual and theoretical framework forms a strong basis for further research

on the subject from a genuine European perspective, as do the quantitative and

qualitative databases and the network of end users and stakeholders.

Urban Development Programmes, Urban Governance,Inclusion and Sustainability (UGIS)



http://www.ufsia.ac.be/ugis

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Michel CHAPUISPhone: +32 2 29 54106Fax: +32 2 29 52097e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORProf. Dr. Jan VRANKENUniversiteit Antwerpen,OASeS (OnderzoeksgroepArmoede, Sociale Uitsluitingen de Stad; Research Unit onPoverty, Social Exclusion &the City)Prinsstraat 13B-2000 AntwerpenPhone: +32 3 220 43 20Fax: +32 3 220 46 36e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Universiteit Utrecht, The

Netherlands> Universität Köln, Germany> Universidad Complutense

de Madrid, Magister enInvestigación, Gestión yDesarrollo Local Facultad deCiencias Politicas ySociología, Spain

> Metropolitan ResearchInstitute Ltd., Budapest,Hungary

> Universiteit van Amsterdam,Amsterdamse School VoorSociaal WetenschappelijkOnderzoek, The Netherlands

> Uppsala University, Institutefor Housing Research, Gävle,Sweden

> Erasmus UniversiteitRotterdam, Faculty of SocialSciences, The Netherlands

> Université Pierre MendèsFrance - Grenoble 2 SciencesSociales, Institut d'étudesPolitiques, France

> Danish Building ResearchInstitute, Division of Housing andUrban Research, Hoersholm,Denmark

> Fondazione Felicita Ed EnricoBignaschi e Figli, Milano, Italy

108


New means to Promote Pedestrian Traffic in Cities(PROMPT)

Objectives and Problems to be solvedProblems related to extensive car traffic are today particularly acute in European cities. From

the 1950s onwards the trend in all European cities has been to become more and more car-

oriented. This has happened despite many efforts at regulation. At the same time the share

of the non-motorised transport means has declined. The increase of the use of cars in our cities

is a significant cause for many problems highlighted by European policies concerning, for

example, quality of life, equality, parity of access, sustainability and cultural heritage. A revival

of walking in cities would be a simple and natural way to remedy many of them. It would reduce

the use of cars and enhance the use of public transport. It would also promote social life in public

spaces and improve the parity of citizens. The promotion of walking would also have many other

positive consequences such as the improvement of citizens' physical condition and the recovery

of the values of their urban milieu.

Description of WorkThe main goal of PROMPT is to promote walking in cities. Its concrete objective is to develop for

that purpose new tools and solutions for city actors involved in urban planning and design as

well as in decision making. The scope of the considerations ranges from the overall urban structure

to the detailed street level. The project is based on the analysis of 22 case areas in 16 different

cities in the participating countries.

The analysis is made according to six different themes:

1. safety,

2. accessibility,

3. comfort,

4. attractiveness,

5. intermodality, and

6. implementation.

Although one can promote walking by considering each of these issues one by one, it is crucial

to consider how they work together: the whole is not the sum of its parts. Thus, a

multidisciplinary approach is applied to find good comprehensive solutions to the problems

identified. Different pedestrian categories, climatic conditions, topographies, and locations in

the urban structure as well as local cultural values are also taken into account in the analysis.

Expected/Final ResultsThe planners', designers' and decision makers' knowledge about how to promote walking

in practice will be improved through the establishment of new tools and solutions and their

effective dissemination. Better knowledge, in turn, is expected to increase the share of

walking as a means of transport bringing the benefits stated above. An increase in walking

would also bring reductions in vehicle and road investments, fewer costs in pollution

abatements, less accidents and injuries and less damage to buildings. However, the

concrete impacts are difficult to quantify beforehand. The main beneficiaries will be the

citizens themselves.


http://prompt.vtt.fi

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Eric PONTHIEUPhone: +32 2 29 69945Fax: +32 2 29 50656e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORKari RAUHALAVTT, Technical ResearchCentre of Finland, Buildingand TransportLampomiehenkuja 2 CP.O. Box 1800FI-2044 EspooPhone: +358 9 456 6274Fax: +358 9 464 174 e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> Universita' Degli Studi di

Roma Tre, Dipartimento diProgettazione e ScienzeDell’architecttura, Roma,Italy

> SINTEF, Foundation forTechnical and IndustrialResearch at the NorwegianInstitute of Technology,Transport Engineering Civiland EnvironmentalEngineering, Trondheim,Norway

> Ingenieursbüro fürVerkehrsplanung W. HüslerAg, Zürich, Switzerland

> Université de Liège, Centrede Recherche en Architectureet Urbanisme, SectionUrbanisme, Départementd'Architecture, Liège, Belgium

> CERTU, Centre d'etudes sur lesReseaux, les Transports,l'urbanisme et lesConstructions Publiques,Département Voirie, Lyon,France

> CETE NP, Centre d'EtudesTechniques de l'Equipement,Nord Picardie, Lille, France

109


Objectives and Problems to be solvedIn the member states there are about 80 000 residential areas and 56 million flats which have

been built since 1950. 170 million people live in post-war housing areas.

Housing companies need to refurbish their Stock periodically and the demand for sustainable

refurbishment is high – from EC and member states. Today there is no integration of

refurbishment strategies with sustainability and not enough tenant participation. Many

refurbishment processes only focus on technical issues and initial costs.

Description of WorkSUREURO consists of six work packages. WP1 developed management tools, WP2 Design and

Construction tools and WP3 Technical tools and solutions for sustainable technologies. WP4 are

the National Projects with the state-of-art reports and testing results from WP1-3. WP5 will test

the models and tools in two housing companies in the Czech Republic and one in Italy. WP6 will

provide a knowledge system with tools in a clickable computer system. Guidelines which consider

different climate-conditions, laws and regulations are included. This means that they are flexible

to accommodate future knowledge and technologies. The models are developed so that all actors

in a refurbishment project can use them. The interplay between the actors will be developed and

lead to a win-win situation for all actors at all levels including the environment. It is important

that the projects lead to a healthy and comfortable indoor climate. A main goal is that the

refurbishment can be completed within normal costs, allowing the tenants the possibility to stay

in their dwellings afterwards. SUREURO considers environmental, social, economical, technical,

architectural criteria in all stages.

SUREURO consists of seven housing organisations in seven European countries, assisted by research

organisations and industrial companies. In 2002, nine organisations in the Czech and Slovak

Republic joined the project under the name SUREURO NAS.

SUREURO - sustainable refurbishment Europe (SUREURO)



http://www.sureuro.com

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Adèle LYDONPhone: +32 2 29 60662Fax: +32 2 29 52096e-mail:Adè[email protected]

Coordinator/Project leaderJan A. BLOMSTRANDKalmarhem Ltd (P0, P1)P.O Box 305Larmtorget 3SE-391 23 KalmarPhone: +46 40 57 92 50 Fax: +46 40 57 92 51e-mail:[email protected]

PARTNERS> NCC Svenska AB, Solna,

Sweden> Vatten & Samhällsteknik,

Kalmar, Sweden> AKB Housing Association,

Copenhagen, Denmark> By og Byg, Hoersholm,

Denmark > Byfornyelse Danmark,

Copenhagen, Denmark> Finnish Real Estate

Federation, Helsinki, Finland> VTT Building and Transport,

Helsinki, Finland> Amiedu/Renova Oy,

Tampere, Finland> Motiva Oy, Helsinki, Finland> WonenCentraal, Alphen aan

den Rijn, The Netherlands > TNO Building and

Construction Research, Delft,The Netherlands

> Logirep, Suresnes, France> Centre Scientifique et

Technique du Batiment (CSTB),Service des Structure, Paris,France

110


Expected/Final ResultsSUREURO provides housing companies and local decision makers with practical management

tools for integrating sustainable development and tenant participation in refurbishment

management processes while maintaining normal and affordable costs for tenants, who are

part of the process. SUREURO provides design tools for construction companies, designer and

engineers; models for better planning, design and technical specifications of refurbishment

projects. SUREURO will provide new, flexible technical concepts for sustainable transformation

of existing housing areas. Deliverables include a knowledge-based information system consisting

of models and tools for all involved in a refurbishment process and integrated protocols and

guidelines. The potential financial and scientific impact of SUREURO is held to be significant.

Target groups are: governments, authorities and city planners in the area of sustainability, who

can use the results for planning and regulations; housing companies, who can use the models in

their future refurbishment processes; tenants and their organisations, who can use the models

in their demands for environmental living conditions; and construction companies, designers and

architects in co-operation with housing companies.

The results are directed mainly at markets in member states, CEEC-countries, NDCs and other

developed countries. The continuous dissemination – international seminars and the involvement

of independent experts and international organisations – will help to guarantee that the results

are taken onboard efficiently

> Delphis (Dévelopment Détudiespour le Logement, lapromotion de l’habitat,l’innovation et le Social), Paris,France

> IRS Institute for Regionaldevelopment and StructuralPlanning, Erkner, Germany

> Sandwell MetropolitanBorough Council,Department of Housing,Smethwick, West Midlands,United Kingdom

> BRE Building PerformanceAssessment Centre,Watford, United Kingdom.

> Blomstrand Consulting,Malmo, Sweden

> LUWOGE/GEWOGE,Ludwigshafen, Germany

> IWU Institut Wohnen undUmwelt, Darmstadt,Germany

> Mestska Realitni Agentura,Havirov, Czech Republic

> Statutarni Mesto Havirov,Havirov, Czech Republic

> Mestská cast Praha 11,Prague, Czech Republic

> Ceské Vysoké UceníTechnické v Praze, Prague,Czech Republic

> STÙ-K,a.s., Prague, CzechRepublic

> The Centre of BuildingConstruction Engineering,Prague, Czech Republic

> Charles University, Facultyof Science, Prague, CzechRepublic

> Institute of Sociology of theAcademy of Sciences of theCzech Republic, Prague,Czech Republic

> Delphis Representation officein Slovak Republic, Bratislava,Slovak Republic

111


Objectives and Problems to be solvedThe objective of the NEEDS project is to evaluate the full costs and benefits (i.e. direct and

external) of energy policies and of future energy systems, both at the level of individual

countries and for the enlarged EU as a whole. The major research advancements concern the

areas of: i) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of energy technologies, ii) monetary valuation of

externalities from energy production, iii) transport, conversion and use, integration of LCA and

externalities information into policy formulation and scenario building. In this framework NEEDS

intends to contribute to the process of policy formulation not only concerning the mechanism

and the rules for the internalisation of external costs but also, more ambitiously, through devising

long-term scenarios incorporating internalisation strategies for Europe, and simulating their

potential effects on energy demand and supply, environmental performances, and sustainability

of the economy at large.

Description of WorkThe IP is built as a series of “Research Streams”, each addressing a specific area of research.

Innovation and scientific and technological advancement are part of each stream as well as in

their overall integration.

The research areas concern firstly the quantification of social and environmental damage, secondly

the medium to long-term perspectives, and thirdly the external costs awareness including outside

the European Union. More specifically, the first research area, containing four research streams,

addresses the questions of LCA of new energy technologies, of new and improved methods to

estimate external costs of energy conversion, of externalities associated with the extraction and

transport of energy and of extending the geographical coverage of the current knowledge of

energy externalities. The second research area, containing two research streams, deals with

modelling internalisation strategies, including scenario building, and with the energy technology

roadmap and stakeholder perspectives. The third research area, also containing two research

streams considers the issues of transferability and generalisation and of dissemination and

communication. Each research stream is independent but a dedicated Integration Stream will

interlink all the streams.


CONTRACT: SES-CT-2004-502687EC CONTRIBUTION: €6,800,000STARTING DATE: 01/03/04DURATION: 48 months


COORDINATORAndrea RICCI and Stefano FABERIISIS21, via FlaminiaI-00196 RomaPhone: +39 06 321 26 55Fax: +39 06 321 30 49e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS > AEKI, Budapest, Hungary> AGH, Krakow, Poland> AMBIENTE ITALIA, Rome, Italy> ARMINES, Paris, France> AUTH, Thessaloniki, Greece> CDER, Marrakech, Morocco> CEDRE, La Seyne sur Mer,

France> CESI, Milano, Italy> CHALMERS, Göteborg, Sweden> CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain> CNRS-CIRED, Nogent sur

Marne, France> CRES, Pikermi, Athens, Greece> CUEC, Prague, Czech Republic> DLR, Stuttgart, Germany> ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland> ECN, Petten, The Netherlands> E-CO, Oslo, Norway> ECONCEPT, Zürich, Switzerland> EDF, Moret Sur Loing, France> ELSAM, Fredericia, Denmark> ENERO, Bucharest, Romania> EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland> EPT, La Marsa, Tunisia> ESU, Uster, Switzerland> FEEM, Milano, Italy> FhG/ISI, Karlsruhe, Germany> GLOBE, Brussels, Belgium

New Energy Externalities Developments for Sustainability (NEEDS)

112


Expected Results and Exploitation PlansThe main results of the NEEDS project is the provision of accurate quantitative measurement

of the absolute values of external costs, which can then be used to determine the appropriate

level of restrictions, performance standards, taxation, etc in the policy-making process.

Moreover NEEDS devotes a significant amount of resources to ensuring that the adoption of

externality valuation methods is systematically extended to the new EU Member States and to

the Mediterranean countries, and that the availability and quality of datasets are brought up

to par. In addition, modelling, internalisation strategies and long-term scenarios will cover at

least ten individual countries outside the EU 15 borders. Complementary, but no less important

research streams provide a mapping of the sensitivity of sustainability performance of

technological options, explore the stakeholder perspectives on assessed external costs and work

out the transferability of results as well as generalisation issues. Finally, the dissemination activities

are built around six Forum events, set up in different countries and regions, which will highlight

how externalities could deepen the discussion of energy policy issues by interacting with a wider

audience beyond the expert level.

> HELIO, Paris, France> IFEU, Heidelberg, Germany> IFU, Hamburg, Germany> IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria> JSI, Ljubljana, Slovenia> IMAA-CNR, Tito Scalo, Italy> INE, Reykjavik, Iceland> INFM, Naples, Italy> IOM, Edinburgh, United

Kingdom> JRC, Sevilla, Spain> KANLO, Lyon, France> KUL, Leuven, Belgium> LEI, Kaunas, Lithuania> LUND, Lund, Sweden> MEERI, Krakow, Poland> MET.NO, Oslo, Norway> NREA, Nasr City, Cairo,

Egypt> NTUA, Zografou Athens,

Greece> OME, Sophia Antipolis,

France> POLITO, Torino, Italy> PROFING, Bratislava,

Slovakia> PSI, Villigen PSI,

Switzerland> RISOE, Roskilde, Denmark> SEI, Tallinn, Estonia> SIU-IEM, Gödöllö, Hungary> TTU, Tallinn, Estonia> UA, Antwerpen, Belgium> UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles,

Spain> UBATH, Bath, United

Kingdom> UNEW, Newcastle Upon

Tyne, United Kingdom> UniHH, Hamburg, Germany> UNINE, Neuchâtel,

Switzerland> UNWE, Sofia, Bulgaria> UPARIS, Paris, France> USTUTT, Stuttgart, Germany> VITO, MOL, Belgium> VTT, Espoo, Finland> WUDES, Warsaw, Poland

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Objectives and Problems to be solvedMore than three-quarters of the population of Western Europe live in cities. Their quality of

life, health and safety are to a considerable extent affected by the urban transport and land

use system. Part of the economic efficiency of urban regions is lost due to urban congestion

and pollution. Methodologies are needed for predicting and mitigating negative changes and

for bringing about positive ones. The PROPOLIS project enables the impacts of urban transport

and land use policies to be predicted. Accumulating know-how, developing methodologies and

searching for sustainable urban policies is no doubt of strategic importance and a field meriting

a European-wide approach. PROPOLIS contributes to the implementation of many of the EU's

policies, especially environment, energy and transport.

Description of WorkThe objective of PROPOLIS is to research, develop and test integrated land use and transport

policies, tools and comprehensive assessment methodologies in order to define sustainable long-

term urban strategies and to demonstrate their effects in European cities. The work is executed

through developing a set of indicators measuring the environmental, social and economic

dimensions of sustainability. Values for these indicators are estimated using enhanced urban land

use and transport models and new GIS and Internet-based tools. A decision support tool is used

to evaluate the sets of indicator values in order to arrive at aggregate environmental, social and

economic indices for the alternative policy options. A time horizon of 20 years or more is used.

The innovations of the project are related to the integrated and comprehensive approach and

to the combination of strategic interactive land-use and transport models and GIS techniques

and their use in seven case cities Helsinki, Dortmund, Naples, Vicenza, Inverness, Bilbao and

Brussels. The system is also able to reveal the interactions and multiplier effects by following the

impact chains in the complex urban system.

Expected/Final ResultsPROPOLIS has systematically analysed policy options in seven European cities in order to reach

general recommendations for optimum combinations of different policy types. The strategies

improve urban sustainability in general and radically reduce urban pollution and congestion

without compromising economic efficiency and social sustainability. The benefits at European

level are mostly related to the general conclusions and recommendations. The project also

produced a set of well-defined indicators for use for benchmarking purposes. The national

and local authorities in the case city regions benefit from the project by having updated and

enhanced urban models and evaluation systems. The systems are especially well suited for

environmental impact assessments. The message from the project is clear. Only radical actions

can maintain the current level of sustainability. The land use and transport subsystems must

be seen as a whole. The sustainability of this whole system can be improved by offering

better public transport services while restricting car use and by providing supportive land

use policies. Following these lines will, as demonstrated in the seven PROPOLIS case cities,

simultaneously improve the environmental and social dimensions of sustainability and

be economically efficient in improving our cities of tomorrow.

Planning and Research of Policies for Land Use andTransport for Increasing Urban Sustainability (PROPOLIS)


http://www.ltcon.fi/propolis/

EC SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Eric PONTHIEUPhone: +32 2 29 69945Fax: +32 2 29 50656e-mail: [email protected]

COORDINATORKari LAUTSO (Lic.Sc.)LT Consultants Ltd.Heikkiläntie 7FI-00210 HelsinkiPhone: +35 89 61 58 11Fax: +35 89 61 58 14 30e-mail: [email protected]

PARTNERS> University College London,

Bartlett School ofArchitecture and Planning,United Kingdom

> Stratec S.A., Brussels,Belgium

> Universitaet Dortmund,Institut für Raumplanung,Germany

> TRT Trasporti e TerritorioSrl, Milan, Italy

> Marcial Echenique andPartners Ltd., Cambridge,United Kingdom

> Marcial Echenique YCompania Sa, Bilbao, Spain

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ACRONYMS INDEX


115

ACCEPTH2 94

AQUALIBRIUM 43

AWASTUD-FUS 98

BEST 84

BOB 83

Cascade Mints 27

CDMEDI 77

DATELINE 36

Demos 65

DIEM 49

DYN-GEM-E3 25

ELCGRID-FUS 50

ERICA 81

ESPREME 46

ETIS-LINK, ETIS-BASE, ETIS-AGENT 37

EURENDEL 76

EUROMARKET 68

EVATECH 95

EXPEDITE 32

EXTERNE-POL 48

EXWASTE-FUS 53

FARMING 96

FOCUSGR-FUS 99

GREEN-X 28

HarmoniCA 20

HarmoniCOP 90

HEATCO 87

HOMESERVICES 71

HyNet 79

I.Q. TOOLS 102

IASON 34

IMPRINT-EUROPE 57

INNESTO 69

INSEA 104

KASSA 92

LASALA / LASALA-ONLINE 72

MANTRA-East 66

MAXIMA 52

MC-ICAM 56

METHODEX 44

MIDAIR 22

MINIMA SUD 14

MIRAGES 18

MOSUS 16

MULTAGRI 106

NEEDS 112

NEMESIS-ETC 26

PAYT 73

PLANELEC-FUS 30

POPA-CTDA 60

PROMPT 109

ProPaCC 15

PROPOLIS 114

PUBLICAWA-FUS 97

R&D for SD 12

R&DVAL-FUS 51

RECORDIT 54

RED 42

REGIONET 70

RELIEF 74

RISCOM II 64

RISKGOV 80

SAPIENTIA 21

SESSA 82

SPECTRUM 85

SUMMA 86

SUREURO 110

Sustainability A-Test 62

SUSTELNET 78

SusTools 40

THINK UP 33

TiGREss 19

TIMES FUS 31

TIPMAC 35

TOOLSUST 75

TRANSFORUM 88

TRANS-TOOLS 38

TranSust 13

UGIS 108

UNITE 55

VLEEM 2 24

WETO H2 29


European Commission

EUR 21328 — SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROJECTS IN ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND TRANSPORT

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities

2004 — 115 pp. — 21.0 x 29.7 cm

ISBN 92-894-6640-5


Interested in European research? RTD info is our quarterly magazine keeping you in touch with main developments (results, programmes, events, etc.). It is available in English, French and German. A free sample copy or free subscription can be obtained from:

European Commission Directorate-General for ResearchInformation and Communication UnitB-1049 BrusselsFax (32-2) 29-58220E-mail: [email protected]: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/rtdinfo/index_en.html

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for ResearchContact: Marialuisa TamborraE-mail: [email protected]

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Once you have obtained the list of sales agents, contact the sales agent of your choice and place your order.

How do I obtain the list of sales agents?

• Go to the Publications Office website http://publications.eu.int/• Or apply for a paper copy by fax (352) 2929 42758

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EUR 21328

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-21328-EN

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This booklet contains the abstracts and the administrative data from the socio-economic projects in the energy, transport

and environment field funded under the Fifth Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development

(1998-2002) and some initial projects funded under the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006). The projects included

are the most relevant examples in relation to the following key issues:

> Modelling and Scenarios;

> Direct and External Costs;

> Policy Instruments and Governance;

> Social Acceptability and Human Behaviour.

The most recent projects, especially those under the Sixth Framework Programme, are cross-cutting and therefore cover

several of the above. The intention is to provide general information for as wide a public as possible within the scientific

community.

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socio-economic projects in energy, transport and environment

Documents