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SOCIETY FOR CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGY l WEWSLETTER

VOLUME 5 NUMBER 3,4

AB 1788 TO SENATE KNOX BILL TO SENATE FLOOR

AB 1788, Assemblyman John Knox's California Archaeological Survey Bill, cleared the State Assembly in late July by a bipartisan vote of 62-1. The bill had previously been given a "Do Pass" by the Assembly Committee on Planning and Land Use headed by Paul Priolo {R-Santa Monica) and the Assembly Ways and Means Committee headed by Willie Brown (D-San Francisco.\ The bill has passeo through both the Senate Committee on Governmental Organization and the Senate Finance Committee •. If it receives a 2/3 majority vote from the Senate, it will proceed to the Governor for signature into law.

The bill has steadily picked up support in recent weeks, and now numbers among its backers the US Forest Service, the Irvine Corporation of Orange County, and the Sierra Club.

By the time you receive this New setter, the bill may already have passed the Senate. NOW IS THE TIME to write Governor Reagan about this bill.

SCA NOMINATIONS OPEN President Margaret Weide has requested Paul J. F.

Schumacher to chair the Nominations and Elections Commit­tee for the 197 2 Slate of SCA officers. Schumacher would very much appreciate receiving nominations from the entire membership for officers they believe \Vill fonn a hard-working Executive group and lead our Society towards an even strong­er organization. Any nominations sent in should have the endorsement of the nominee and be sure that the nominee is a full fledged "paid up" member of the Society.

Also, a short biography and current address and telephone numbers (office and residence) would be of a great deal of assistance to the Nominations Committee. The slate will include President, President-elect, Vice President of Northern California, Vice President of Southern California, Treasurer, and Secretary.

Please address all correspondence to Paul J. F. Schumacher, 200 Pinehill Road, Hillsborough, CA 94010. Nominations should be in his hands not later than November 2 2, 1971. Please send in your nominations early.

PAUL F. SCHUMACHER

NEW LAW WILL PROTECT SITES ON NATIONAL REGISTER

SB 78, signed into law on May 13 by Governor Reagan, amends Section 1241. 7 of the Code of Civil Procedure, stating that 'appropriation for :;iuhlic use" of a variety of kinds of property including sites included in the National Register of Historic Places and state-registere'.i landmarks, "establishes a rebuttable presumption of its having been appropriated for the best and most necessary public use." This will make it slightly more difficult for such property to be appropriated for highway and public utility construct­ion purposes.

The new law also adds Section 762. 5 and amends Section 1001 of the Public utilities Code to require the Public Utilities Commission to consider "historical values" among other things, in µiaking orders relating to locations of structures and in granting certificates permitting construction of railroads, telegraph and telephone lines, and water systems.

TOM KING

SB 215 SIGNED INTO LAW

SB 215, Senator John riarmer and Senator James Mills' bill providing for a task force to draft a California State archaeological program, has passed both the Senate and Assembly and has been signed into law.

SB 215 provides for a group of archaeologists, Tndians and other interested parties that can assist in the organization of the California Archaeological Survey, or, if AB 17 88 fails, draft new comprehensive state arch­aeological legislation. DARRELL JOHNS

October, 1971

FEDERAL

LEGISLATION

NEWS

The Moss Bennett Bill's Senate version, S. 2893, has has passed the US Senate according to recent word from Dr. Charles McGimsey of the Arkansas Archaeological Survey. The House version of this epoch-making salvage and planning legislation has not yet been scheduled in committee. Letters urging early passage of the bill are needed for its success. See Vol. 3, No. 4 of the NEWSLETTER for details on this important legislation.

H.R. 9463 is a bill to prohibit the importation into the United States of antiquities acquired in violation of the principles of the UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Properties. This Conven­tion has been supported by resolution by the Society for American Archaeology and the Archaeological Institute of America. For an outline of the Convention see AMERICAN ANTIQUITY 3 6· 3, July 1971.

H.R. 9661, introduced in the House of Representa­tives on August 2, provides for the establishment of the National Conservation Area of the California Desert and funding of the California Desert Study proposed by the Bureau of Land Management. This study contains a significant archaeological element largely prepared by Archaeological Research Inc. and the SCA' s California Desert Committee. Letters of support are needed for this bill, which should bring a stop to the uncontrolled des­truction of the desert and provide for its systematic study and protection.

Senator Alan Bible's Interior Subcommittee on Parks and Recreation is continuing its study of the effects of off-road vehicles on public langs, with an eye toward control legislation. Senator Bible requests that all persons having information on the effects of s.uch vehicles on archaeolgocal sites or other resources s,end such information to his committee.

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across the nation, the budget provided the Natio.nal Park Service's salvage archaeology program for fiscal year 1971 is approximately 1/3 the amount needed to meet committments and needs.

EMERGENCY EMPLOYMENT ACT

The Emergency Employment Act of 1971 provides federal funds for the employment of displaced aerospace workers, engineers, etc. These workers are to be employed in local and state governmental agencies, academic institutions, etc.; presumably most community colleges, state colleges, universities and museums would qualify. Presumably among those available for employment will be persons with techni­cal abilities applicable to archaeology, so this may be a good chance to improve technical operations at minimal cost. Guidelines are a bit vague at present, but the best bet seems to be to contact your personnel office or local office of the Department of Human Re sources Development.

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:

I would like to share with SCA members the chronology of a current piece of site-disturbance.

December, 1970: The National Park Service asked Archaeological Research, Inc., to. conduct a volunteer, unpaid survey of a flood-control project proposed for Chino Canyon, north of Palm Springs in Riverside County.

January 6, 1971: ARI completed the survey and submitted an eleven-page report to the NPS, reporting the presence of two sites within the area to be affected by the Corps of Engineers project, and requesting $1372. SO for a brief salvage investigation of both.

February 1, 1971: Paul Schumacher of the NPS informed ARI by letter that " ..• with our funding situation, it is unlikely that further archaeological work here can be undertaken."

June 13, 1971: Chris Chaloupka, a student at UC Riverside, informed me that the Corps of Engineers was well

advanced on channel modification in Chino Canyon. I talked the situation over with ARI and, because I was leaving for the field, referred it to Phil Wilke, acting District Archaeologist for SCA District 8.

Late June: Wilke visited Chino Canyon and took the Corps of Engineers supervising engineer to visit the sites. They were unable to locate the smaller of ARI' s two sites, but did go over the larger. The Corps representative indica­ted that it would be possible to avoid the site to a large extent, minimizing damage.

September 4: I visited the site, and found that though the contractor has very carefully avoided it to the maximum extent possible, an uncertain portion of the site has been

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cut off by channel modification. A possible structure is • exposed in profile in the bulldozer cut, out of which are tumbling potsherds, fire-fractured rock, and a clay pipe fragment. Construction is obviously not complete, and further work will effectively destroy the apparent structure.

All right, you say, so what? Just another unfortunate situation where archaeologists have gotten caught with their funds down. The site is valuable to our Lake Cahuilla Study here at UCR, so we will attempt an emergency salvage project. We resent it, frankly; we have ways to spend our time and very limited funds other than doing for free what the National Park Service is mandated to fund. BUT, let's question for a moment WHY the Chino Canyon salvage program couldn't be funded:

April 10, 1971: In a letter addressed to a large number of archaeologists across the nation, Hester Davis of the Arkansas Archaeological Survey revealed that the federal budget for salvage archaeology then being considered by the u's Congress amounted to $1,189, 000, a scant bit more than HALF what the NPS Division of Archaeology estimated was nece'ssary. This budget was subsequently raised to $1,309,000 by the House and $1, 236,000 by the Senate, according to Senator Tunney on July 21. The budget for the Division of Archaeology is included in that prepared by and for the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. It appears, therefore, that in the Chino Canyon case- which presumably can be duplicated in roughly a million dollars worth of other archaeology across the nation- the archaeologists concerned did everything they could, the Corps of Engineers and their contractor were entirely cooper­ative and helpful, but the agency that is ultimately responsible for salvage funding, the National Park Service Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, with full understanding and foreknowledge, simply ne lected to reauest a sufficient appropriation.

I suggest that this neglect demands explanation by the parties responsible, and I believe that concerned members of this Society should seek it.

TOM KING September 4, 1971

!ANNOUNCEMENTS ., ~ October 30, 1971

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETI~G

I San ~rancisco State College I *' The ~xecutive Committee of the Society for i I California Archaeol?gy will hold an open Execu-. tive Committee meeting at 1:00 PM, Saturday, •

October 30 in HLL-106. The building is situa- *'

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i. ted at the'corner of 19th and Holloway. Take the central entrance on the south side of the build-ing.

All members are encouraged to attend.

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WE'RE DEDUCTABLE :

Happy news! The Internal Revenue Service has deter­mined that SCA is exempt from Federal income taxes under section 501 (c) (3) of the IRS Code. This means that contributions to SCA are deductible by donors; and bequests, legacies, transfers, or gifts for our use are deductible for Federal estate and gift tax purposes.

COMPUTERS IN ARCHAEOLOGY

BOBBIE GREENWOOD SCA Treasurer

Ken Colson, West Valley College, would like to hear from anyone using the computer in their research. If there is enough interest, an attempt will be made to have a session on computer use in Archaeology at the SCA meetings this Fall.

Write to' Ken Colson Department of Anthropology West Valley College Saratoga, CA 95070

$50 STUDENT PRIZE AWARDED

President Margaret Weide has announced Eric Ritter and R.G. Matson's paper, "Numerical Taxonomy and Form Categories: A Case Study of Projectile Points from the Spring Garden Ravine Site (4-Pla-101)" as the best student paper submitted to the Student Prize competition at the Spring, 1971 SCA Annual Meeting.

REORGANIZATION. . The SCA Newsletter is undergoing some organizational

re-shuffling as I have moved from Davis to San Jose to teach anthropology at West Valley Junior College. Please note the address change for Newsletter business:

Linda King, Edi tor-in-Chief 1089 Broadway Ave. San Jose, CA 95125

A belated welcome to our staff is due to Tom King, who has functioned as Southern California Editor for several months. New,s from the southern part of the state can now be submitted through Tom.

• Many thanks to Dean Gaumer for his several years of

service as Distribution Editor. With the relocation of the Newsletter to San Jose, Beth van Dyke and I will have to handle distribution without his much appreciated aid.

LINDA KING Editor-in-Chief

SCA Constitutional Amendment A petition to change the SCA Constitution has been

made in order that the SCA have a president-elect as the sixth member of the Executive Board.

It is felt that having a president-elect would give the future president broader experience and proved a greater continuity. Both the Society for American Archaeology and the Society for Historical Archaeology have this office in their Constitutions.

This amendment to Article V should be adopted, as it would give the future President additional experience and provide greater continuity in the D.irectorate. We need a full membership vote on this amendment to make it consti­tutional, so we beseech your fullest cooperation by returning the ballot immediately.

SCA Annual Meeting

PAUL F. SCHUMACHER

Cal State Long Beach will host the 197 2 SCA Annual Meeting March 30-April l, 197 2. The meeting will be held jointly with the Southwestern Anthropological Association.

Deadline for papers will be January 15, 197 2. Please send title, abstract of 100 words or less, and request for audiovisual needs to the program chairman.

SCA program chairman will be Keith Dixon; Douglas Osborne will be local arrangements chairman for both SCA and SWAA, and Dorothy Libby will be SWAA program chair­man. All can be contacted at:

Department of Anthropology California State College Long Beach, CA 90801

INSTITUTIONAL SUBSCRIPTIONS

Does your college or university library subscribe to the SCA NEWSLETTER? Why not help spread the word about archaeology by requesting an institutional subscription. See the back of this issue for ordering information.

SCA

STUDENT PRIZE PAPER

The Society for California Archaeology offers a prize of $50.00 for the best paper on archaeology submitted for presentation at the Annual Meeting by a student. To be ·considered for the prize, submit the paper to the Program Chairman by Januanr 15, 1972. Submit title, abstract and a double-spaced text, and indicate clearly that you wish to

. have the paper considered for the student prize. The ,written paper should be of suitable length to be presented in 20 minutes. P.resenta ti on of the paper wUl be scheduled

·in the session appropriate to its subject matter. Winner of' the prize will be announced at the Annual Meeting.

Program Chairman· Dr. Keith Dixon Dept. of Anthropology California State College,

Long Beach Long Beach, CA 90801

NEWS OF THE PROFESSION

LAKE CAHUILLZ\ "FISH TRAPS" MAY BECOME ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK

Phillip Wilke of U. C. Riverside, currently serving as consulting archaeologist with the Riverside County Parks Department, has submitted to the Department detailed recommendations for the acquisition and protection of the Lake Cahuilla Fish Traps as a County Park. These circular stone structures lining terraces of extinct Lake Cahuilla southwest of Indio have generally been popularly regarded as traps for the taking of lacustrine fish. A. E. Treganza, however, in 1948, suggested that there were some holes in the fish-trap hypothesis, and regarded the structures as places of concealment for hunters of antelope. C. Chaloupka, a student at U. C. Riverside, has recently suggested in unpublished research that Treganza was blind to certain architectural elements of the structures that indicate that they actually were used for fishing. Though some feel that Chaloupka may have trapped himself into an overinterpretation of the rather uncertain data, Wilke has tentatively accepted his findings in his report to the Parks Department. Whatever they are, the "Fish Traps" are impressive monuments to Cahuilla prehistory, and the Parks Department is to be complimented for considering them for inclusion in it's scaled-up program of archaeological preservation and interpretation.

History Lives!

TOM KING August 24, 1971

INPUT NEEDED: THE CALIFORNIA STATE HISTORY PLAN

The State Department of Parks and Recreation is now preparing the California History Plan, and is inviting contributions to the plan by local governments, historical societies, or individuals.

In accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the plan will be submitted to the National Park Service in Washington DC for acceptance and subsequent funding of state and focal historical preservation projects. Approximately$ 6 million in federal grants will be available nationally for these projects.

When completed, the plan will include a survey and a classification system for historical and archaeological sites in California, and will recommend priorities and standards for the preservation of these resources.

The California State History Plan will need input from all archaeologists and members of the SCA. As developments are made in the History Plan, they will be made known to the membership. We will request comments from all persons concerned with the preservation of archaeological sites in California and hope to have an active discourse with the membership at large. This History Plan is an on-going project in conjunction with the National Register of Historical Places. Submittals for the National Register are still being processed but at a much slower pace in that the persons handling the historical and archaeological program have been transferred to the History Plan and, as such, other personnel have had to take over this portion of the work in addition to their regular duties.

The California State History Plan can be an important instrument in preservation of the State's antiquities, and as

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such, we hope that all persons interested in the project will make known their thoughts to the Department of Parks and Recreation.

Those interested in information about the program may contact the California History Plan, State Department of Parks and Recreation, P.O. Box 2390, Sacramento, CA 95811. Telephone (916) 445-4441.

DICK HASTINGS August 27, 1971

CAN YOU DIG MIAMI? SCA members are considering the possibility of chart­

ering a plane or bus to provide low-cost transportation to the Society for American Archaeology Annual Meeting, scheduled for this spring in Miami, Florida. If you are interested in taking part in such a charter, please contact Robert Bettinger, Archaeological Research Unit, Dept. of Anthropology, U. C. Riverside, and provide the following information: 1) would you prefer a plane or a bus (consider costs)? 2) if a bus is chosen, would you like to have stops at sites, museums, or other archaeological loci en route? 3) if so, are there any you're especially interested in? Assuming there is sufficient interest expressed, negotiations will be undertaken with a charter firm, and you will be kept informed of progress.

NPS NEWS

Robert Bettinger September 4 , 19 71

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A reorganization of archaeological programs in the National Park Service Western Service Center, Division of • Archaeology, was implemented Tuly l, 1971. Paul T. F. Schumacher assumed complete responsibility for the Inhouse Archeological Program (Parks' for the Western Service Center which includes all the Park areas from the Mississippi River westward, and Charles F. Bohannon the !nter-Agency Archaeological Salvage Program for the We stem and Pacific Northwest Regions. Fred Bohannon has been assigned to the Division of Archeology, Washington, D.C., but will remain in his present location in San Francisco Messrs. Schumacher and Bohannon will cover each other's work when one is out of the office, as has been the practice in the past. §alvag~

Tn Tuly, Eric Ritter, UC Davis, submitted his report, "Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Folsom South Canal, Central Valley, California," completing Phase V of the Auburn-Folsom Archaeological Project made possible through Bureau of Reclamation funds. In the survey of Reaches 2, 3, 4, and 5, four sites were located in the path of the canal, and it is hoped the Bureau will reroute to avoid them.

We received and accepted Dr. William Wallace's report, "Archaeological Investigation at the Buttonwillow Water Management Project, Kern County, California", in fulfillment of a NPS contract. Twenty-two sites were located, but none appear to be endangered by the construct­tion project.

As reported in Larry Spanne' s "An Archaeological Survey of Vandenberg Air Force Base, April 1970-May 1971," 40% of the Air Force Base's lands have been surveyed, completing Phase I of the Vandenberg archaeological project. A new contract for Phase II was issued in June to UC Santa Barbara for the completion of the archaeological surveys on • the base.

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NOTES AND QUERIES

HUNTING BilNDS?

A stone wall at 4-Riv-331, the Oleander site in Perris Reservoir, is of a kind locally reputed to be "hunting blinds". This hypothetical function ls being tes ted by the UC Riverside Archaeological Research Unit, and informa­tion is solicited. Scale in photo is one meter.

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Bob Orlins of the Foundation for Archaeological Research, UC Davis, has submitted for acceptance the final report for his reconnaissance and te s ting of sites in Indian Valley in eastern Lake County, California, prior to the con­struction of a dam in 1973 on the North Fork of Cache Creek. Eighty-six sites were located besides the four previously recorded. Fred Bohannon visited the area August 3-4. Bob recommends the intensive excavation of two habitation ·sites and limite'ct sampling of other midden sites, collections from surface s ites, and integrated multi-disciplinary environmental studies be made in the area.

Last May Robert W. Summers of Fresno State College submitted his report, "Archaeology of the Kern National Wildlife Refuge '. Site FSC-59," made possible by funds provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He completed the excavation of two burials which had been exposed during leveling operations .

This spring a contract was issued to Tom King, UC Riverside , for the archaeological reconnaissance of Morongo-Yucca-Upper Coachella Valley, San Bernardino County, California, with funds provided by the Bureau of Reclamation. Tom transmitted his preliminary report stating that two sites had been located in the right-of-way and proposes these be tested.

Mike Moratto of San Franc isco State College has reported that the field work and laboratory work for Phase III of the New Don Pedro Project have been completed and we a re awaiting his final report.

Parks: In April a contract was issued to Mike Moratto of San

Francisco State College for the archaeological reconnaissance of Redwood National Park, California. By June, Moratto reported the distressing news that fourteen of the most importa nt Yurok and Tolowa village s ites which had been doc ume nted by early hi s toria ns and ethnographers have been tragically destroyed or damaged in recent years . He comple te d the survey of the Park by the end of August.

A contract was issued to Dr. Keith Johnson of Chico State College for the archaeological salvage of Site 177 in Whiskeytown National Recreation Area at the junction o f Paige Boulder Creeks and Clear Creek. Park building s are to be relocated on the site.

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Help! Are There Any More Like These?

In the course of some extensive survey w ork I have undertaken on the south central California coast I have been shown a petroglyph t hat, so far as I know, does not resemble anything else in the area. Briefly , th e design element is pecked into the rock, then sometimes rubbed or polished. It consists of circles, such as the impressions doughnuts would leave if pressed into a soft surface. These designs appear on two adjacent rocks situated in a gully on a steep hillside at about t he 90 0 fo·Jt elevation and overlooking the ocean.

Pending more complete identifica tion I believe the rocks to be highly alte red serpentine of grayish-green skin, with a reddish iron oxide undersurface exposed in some of the pecking . The two boulders ate of similar size and shape, the highest perpendicular face measuring 14 feet from the ground, the top surface about 16 feet by 12 feet, and the general outline parabolic. · The circles are accompanied by various other peck marks, grooves and scratches of a random nature.

If anyone knowing of similar petroglyphs would notify me at P.O. Box 72 , San Simeon, CA 93452, I would be most grateful.

MARY AilCE BALDWIN August 29, 1971

In the spring. two contracts were issued to Dr . William J. Wallace to excavate the Harmony and Eagle Borax Works in Death Valley National Monument, California. In July we received his report, "The Wildrose Charcoal Kilns: The Archaeological Record," completing the excavation of the kilns an.ct general survey of the vicinity.

A contract was issued in August to Prof. Jerry John son of Sacramento State College for the archaeological s urvey and salvage of Route l a nd the vicinity of the Park Road in La ssen Volcanic National Park. Graduate student Alfred Journey submitted a preliminary report for the survey he accomplished thus far which located four sites.

KEEP1NG TRACK . ..

ANN L. HOWARD NPS September 14 , 1971

Archaeologists who have accepted new teaching positions in California include Rob Edwards of UC Davi s who is now teaching at Cabrillo College in Santa Cruz: Rick Hanks of SFVSC who is now at Ventura TC: and Chester King who is t eaching a general anthropology course at Cal State Hayward.

SF STATE ACTIVITIES

Early in 1971, reconnaissance work and excavations were conrpleted in the New Don Pedro Reservoir locality of the Tuolumne PJver. Under the direction of Mike Moratto, field crews from San Fransisco State College and Merced College documented 28 historic and 41 prehistoric sites or features. Among the evidences from the historic period were house and cabin foundations, stone walls and corrals, mines, water diversion projects, wells, and kilns--most of which date to the la.st half of the nineteenth century. In contra st, small middens, bedrock milling places, occasion­al cupule petroglyphs and a rock shelter constitute the prehistoric remains. Most of the locations had been damaged by earth-moving operations; it is estimated that at least twice as many sites existed previously.

Elements of midden remained at only 24 sites, and bulldozers had nearly eradicated nine of these. Of the remaining sample, seven sites were tested or extensively excavated. The recovery of temporally sensitive artifacts and four radiocarbon dates allow for precise chronologic control. The sampled middens appear to reflect occupations from ca. 500 AD until the gold rush of the 1850' s. None of the large, presumably old, village sites which must have existed along the Tuolumne could be found; all were destroyed by mining, road building, dam construction and related activities.

From the small sites which had escaped destruction, many data were gathered concerning prehistoric subsistence, lithic resource exploitation, construction of houses, and mortuary practices. As an ancillary study, Tom Jackson applied X-ray flourescence analysis of obsidian to the problem of trade and learned that the Central Miwok of the Tuolumne were obtaining their obsidian from the Bodie Hills in Washo territory, not from the Casa Diablo source in Mono envir::ms as had been reported by ethnogra­phers. These and other findings of the New Don Pedro project are reported fully in Treganza Anthropology Mus-eum Papers, No. 9, now available.

Win Henn has directed crews of students from UC and SFSC in the excavations of two Marin County sites. Although the analysis of the data is in its earliest stages, it is expected that the Ignacio site will yield a great deal of information about bay shore subsistence specialization from the earliest centuries of the Christian era until the late prehistoric period. In contrast, the Nicasio site {probably the ethnographic Coast Miwok settlement of Echa Tamal) promises to clarify the relationship of native culture with the intensifying Hispano-Mexican contacts of the early nineteenth century. This site has already produced large numbers of aboriginal and historic contact artifacts in associative patterns suggestive of mission influence and possibly post-secularization settlement by partly acculturated neophytes.

Lastly, SFSC students have conducted a reconnaissance and five excavations in San Mdteo County during the past several years. Their findings have now been compiled and published as Treganza Anthropology Museum Papers, No. 8 . Reported therein are a survey of the Half Moon Bay area, excavations of two sites near Half Moon Bay, excavations of two sites near San Bruno, an analysis of obsidian from the Central California coast, and other studies. MICHAEL J. MORATTO

September 23, 19 71

RESEDA HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

Summer activities for the Reseda High School Archaeology Survey centered on two activities. First was the completion of the excavation work at LAn-25 7, located in the northwest

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portion of the San Fernando Vo.Hey in Chatsworth. After two years of work by the members of the survey, particularly by L. Allard, M. Murray, and M. Garett, the owners of the property have decided to "develop" the area on which excavation work has been taking place. A preliminary report is soon forthcoming.

The second activity this summer and one of the most important to the Survey was the preliminary ground survey of the extensive property owned or leased by Getty Oil Company, Standard Oil Company / and Porter-Sesnon, located in the north portion of the San Fernando Valley. According to the UCLA Archaeological Survey, no adequate survey had been mcde of this area.

K.L. CHRAFT, fR. RH SAS

EXPLORATORY EXCAVATIONS AT MISSION SAN LUIS OBISPO

For their project in my California Indians class at Cal Poly, five students under the leadership of Gary Atkinson are excavating three trial pits in a vacant lot near Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa. Their first three levels (12" each) penetrated through a two hundred year-old refuse heap, reflecting sfoc interacting cultures. Amidst a profusion of mission tile fragments (post 1786 A. D.) appeared the first potsherds known in San Luis Obispo County archaeology. One of the two types represented is a Digueno maze design. The second is of two varieties of Owens Valley Brown Ware: sun dried and oven fired, undoubtedly importations of the Western Yokuts (Tachi). The fourth culture represented at this internationalized site is in a collection of trade beads, a further infusion of Western civilization. Other pioneer objects include hand forged nails, a round lead pistol ball, and a variety of early porcelain wares. The Chumash were represented by broken stone bowls, chert scrapers, and two bone awls. The Mexian culture is identified from a miniature clay saddle, unfired, showing the distinct pommel and high back characteristic of early horsemen in Mexican California. The students are still digging in a historic layer, but an uninterupted layer of shell has appeared that the prehistoric period is also represented.at SLOCAS-613.

FORT ROSS

fAY VON WERLHOF September, 1971

For the past two years, the California Department of Parks and Recreation and Sonoma State College have been jointly sponsoring a summer archaeology class at Fort Ross State Historic Park.

Under the direction of Department Archaeologist Fritz Riddell and Sonoma State College instructor Bill Pritchard, students have uncovered the original foundation footings of the Fort Ross Chapel, which was built by the Russian colony in 1825. They have also found evidence of the officials' barracks, built bythe Russians in 1820.

Students have already uncovered 11 of the original 20 Chapel footings, which are of redwood. Evidence of the barracks includes portions of the original flagstone walk­way, three postholes, and a privy pit. The barracks was remodeled into a saloon in the 1870' s and was used as such until around 1900.

Fort Ross State Historic Park was the scene recently of two serious fires' one last October in which the Chapel was destroyed, and an arson fire July 11 that burned part of the stockade wall, one of the blockhouses and the roof of the Commandant's House.

FRANCIS RIDDELL August 6, 1971

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education AND ARCHAEOLOGY- Preliminary Report

On August 6, the University of Nevada at Las Vegas and the UCLA Archaeological Survey completed the field element of EDUCATION AND ARCHAEOLOGY, a program in archaeology and community education sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The basic pur­pose of the program was to bring teachers of anthropology in community colleges and small 4-year colleges together with college and university students interested in commun­ity technique and method. E & A conducted excavations at 4-SBa-71, at the mouth of Winnhester Canyon on the Santa Barbara coast. Dr. Claude Warren directed the project, with Tom King in charge of field excavation, Gary Coombs in charge of archival research at the Santa Barbara Mission, Mrs. Julie Edwards in charge of educational organization, and Rob Edwards, David Dietrick, and Ward Upson serving as specialists and general instructional assistants. Twenty-two students participated in the program; the group included an age range from 17 to SS and an education­al range from beginning college students to PhD' s.

Students and staff members participated in the development of a research design concerned with the reasons for large-village nucleation among the late­prehistoric Chumpsh; SBa-71 was investigated as a site that presumably was abandoned in the course of this nucleation, in the hope of determining the reason for its abandonment. A . 6% dispersed random sample of the extensive midden area was supplemented by backhoe cuts and small area exposures (the former justified by the fact that the site will be destroyed by residential construct~ ion. Initial impressions suggest that the site was largely occupied during the period ca. 2000-1000 B. P., though a heavily calcified lower horizon was encountered that may be substantially older, and some evidence of quite late (ca. 14-1500 A.D.) occupation was noted. Non-random distributions of artifacts, ecofacts and manuports indicated the locations of a cooking area, a probable milling area, residential loci and garbage heaps; a small cemetery, partly excavated in 1926 by D.B. Rogers, and a very small structure (2 meters across, with .5 ca. 15 cm. centerpost) were located and exposed. Data are now undergoing analysis at UNLV, UCSB, and Long Beach City College.

Mission record research focused on patterns of post­marital residence among the Chumash, utilizing baptismal, marriage, and other records. Genealogies spanning up to five generations were constructed from these data, which will be used to test the alternative hypotheses of matri­local and avunculocal residence, trace intervillage ties, and shed some light on the processes involved in Chumash missionization.

Semi-nightly seminars cum-rap sessions concerning archaeology and education were a vital element of the program; during these and other spontaneous meetings there was a fertile exchange of ideas among teachers, students, and staff. It is difficult at present to assess the effect of this experience; an evaluation period scheduled for January will come closer to telling the tale. Some of the spin-offs from the program are significant, however; they include a proposal for a multi-institutional educational archaeology program in the Costanoan area, a coordinated bi-institutional program in Ventura County, several introducgory archaeology curricula, the idea of a summer program in analytic method and theory for small­college instructors, and a new anthropological research unit at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas.

TOM KING

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MARK RAYMOND HARRINGTON 1882-1971

The death of Dr. Mark Raymond H .. rrington on June 30 just a few days before his 89th birthday, marked the passing of one of the last pioneers in American archaeology. With him goes a link with the past which provides interesting perspective on present work and a better understanding of past accomplishments.

"M. R .• " as he was affectionately known, began his career in 1899 as an Assistant in Archaeology for the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. He began when not yet out of high school working for Professor F. w. Putnam of the American Museum excavating sites in New York and New Jersey and learning the techniques of field work. In 1903 he obtained a scholarship at the University of Michigan and then transferred.to Columbia where he received his MA in 1907. When an anticipated permanent position with the American Museum was not immediately forthcoming, he became employed by Covert' s Indian Store on Fifth Avenue and was assigned to make a collection of materials from the Iroquois. His success in getting ethnolo­gical ite:ns from the Indians so impres sect George G. Heye that he hired M. R. to go on a collecting trip for him starting a long association with Mr. Heye and the Mu;eum of the American Indian (Heye Foundation) which he founded a short time later.

While with the Heye Founoation, M.R. not only added to the ethnological collections, but also engaged in archaeological work, his main interest. He excavated in the Eastern Woodland region, Midwest and even in Cuba. Among his most important activities in prehistory while at the New York institution was his discovery of the Ozark Bluff Dweller culture of Arkansas .and Missouri.

He left the Heye foundation in 1928 and joined the staff of the Southwest Museum where he remained as curator until his retirement in 1964. During his association with the Southwest Museum he did much field work in archaeology, especially on sites pertaining to Early Man. His search for evidence of man's earliest presence in the N cw World led him to do major excavations at Gypsum Cave, Nevada, Borax Lake and Little L..Jke in California, and Tule Springs in Nevada.

Apart from his anthropological research, M. R. came to be interested in California history, especially of the Spanish and Mexican periods. From the early 1930-s onward he has played a part in the restoration of missions and old' adobes. He was active in the work done on missions La Purisima and San Fernando and in the Hugo Reid Adobe in Arcadia and the General Andres Pico Adobe in Mission Hills. The latter he purchased and rebuilt as nearly as possible to its old form. He then built his own adobe home a few blocks away and just across the street from the San Fernando Mission.

With M.R. 's death much knowledge has been lost, but we are fortunate that he was so prolific in his writing, having published reports on all of his field work before his death. Regrettably, the background of information for identifications of North American ethnological and archaeological items will not be available, nor his counseling of students interested in archaeological careers and expertise in advising historical as well as archaeological organizations. Perhaps what will be missed most of all is M.R. the pers_on with his sensitivity to the feelings of others, his love of nature, his great sense of humor, his fondness for the pun, and his many and amusing anecdotes which he could relate to any occasion .

CHARLES ROZAIRE September, 1971

( Positions Open ). \~~~~~~~~~~~-·

JOB OPENING AT BOWERS MUSEUM

There is an opening for an anthropologist as Museum Technician at Bowers Museum. The salary range is from $803-978 per month. Write Bowers Museum, 2002 N. Main Street, Santa Ana, California. The deadline is November l.

ARTIST AVAILABLE

Georgia Lee Fleshman, a professional arti'. illustrator of Joe Tainter' s "Salvage Excavatior.~ d the Fowler Slte," is interested in pursuing archaeological illustration and would like to get in touch with archaeo­logists who are in need of an artist.

GEORGIA LEE FLESHMAN 66 Choro Street San Luis Obispo, CA 0 ~401

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soc(~.-4" 1r. 1L1FORHIA ARCHAEOLOGY

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Archaeologist, specialties in reconstruction of social organization among hunter-gatherers, research design, inference, method, and theory, archaeopolitical strategics, desires position somewhere in California. Should have PhD and be available Fall 19 7 2, currently have completed all but dissertation. Prefer position that pennits maximum leeway for community organization, participation in statewid.e and nationwide archaeolgocial programs. Experience in research administration, grantsmanship, etc., ca.· 15 publications. Contact Tom King, Dept. of Anthropology, University of California at Riverside 92502.

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