socialization part 1

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SOCIALIZATIONSOCIALIZATION

Soc Sci I, UP Visayas


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Nature or Nurture?Nature or Nurture?Nature or Nurture?Nature or Nurture?Nature or Nurture?Nature or Nurture?Nature or Nurture?Nature or Nurture?

How much of individual variability in a trait is

due to enesdue to enesdue to enesdue to enes how much is due todue todue todue to

environmentenvironmentenvironmentenvironment?

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when socialization is not presentwhen socialization is not presentwhen socialization is not presentwhen socialization is not presentwhen socialization is not presentwhen socialization is not presentwhen socialization is not presentwhen socialization is not present

Frederick II (13th century)

His folly was that he wanted to find out what

kind of speech ad what manner of speech

children would have when the rew u if

they spoke to no one beforehand. So he badefoster mothers and nurses to suckle the

children, to bathe and wash them, but in no

way to prattle with them or speak to them, forhe wanted to learn whether they would speak

the Hebrew language, which was to oldest

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Fredirick II (13th century)

or Greek, or Latin, or Arabic, or perhaps the

language of their parents, of whom they were

born. But he laboured in vain because the

children all died. For they could not livewithout the petting and joyful faces and loving

words of their foster mothers.

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Feral Children

Wild or undomesticated Children reared in complete or nearly complete

isolation from human contact

xamp e : ctor, t e w oy o veyron No speech, of normal hearing, uttered some sounds

Underwent language training for 5 years

Victor would name objects that were presented but

would not request them by using names He associaed a particular name with a specific object,

not a class of objects

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Isolated Children

Those who grew up with extremely limited

human contact

in LA, California

Experienced extreme social and physical

isolation from 20 months of age until 13.5

years old

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SocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocialization the process by which a person learns and

generally accepts the established ways of aparticular social group or society

the general process of acquiring culture

(ENCULTURATION) Example: females learn how to be daughters,

sisters, friends, wives, and mothers

The process includes adopting ones cultural norms NORMS conceptions of appropriate and expected

behavior that are held by most members of the society

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SocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocialization Important in the process of personality

formation Semai tribesmen of central Malay Peninsula of

Malaysia : avoid violence

Yanomamo Indians (border betweenVenezuela and Brazil) : boys are trained to betough and aggressive Unokai : a man who has achieved manhood status

by killing another man

Non-unokai: a man who has not achievedmanhood status by the killing of another man

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SocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocialization Important in the process of learning

societal values

American mothers

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Socialization :Socialization :Socialization :Socialization :Socialization :Socialization :Socialization :Socialization :Significance of the Early Years of ChildhoodSignificance of the Early Years of ChildhoodSignificance of the Early Years of ChildhoodSignificance of the Early Years of ChildhoodSignificance of the Early Years of ChildhoodSignificance of the Early Years of ChildhoodSignificance of the Early Years of ChildhoodSignificance of the Early Years of Childhood

The experience of young children within

on the development of human personality

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Socialization :Socialization :Socialization :Socialization :Socialization :Socialization :Socialization :Socialization :Significance of the Early Years of ChildhoodSignificance of the Early Years of ChildhoodSignificance of the Early Years of ChildhoodSignificance of the Early Years of ChildhoodSignificance of the Early Years of ChildhoodSignificance of the Early Years of ChildhoodSignificance of the Early Years of ChildhoodSignificance of the Early Years of Childhood

Lev Semenovich Vygotsky :Cognitive development in

a sociocultural context

Social interactions and activities

Everyday experiences with adults

and more mature peers

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ConceptsGuided ParticipationGuided ParticipationGuided ParticipationGuided Participation

Collaboration in routine activities(relevant in the context)

Structuring problem-solving attempts

Typically involves a more skilled partner

(apprenticeship) Observing and eavesdropping


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Concepts

Private/Inner SpeechPrivate/Inner SpeechPrivate/Inner SpeechPrivate/Inner Speech

Internalized language that originates from

cooperative dialogues with more mature

Used for self-guidance and self-direction


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SocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSocializationSuccessful socialization

- can result in uniformity within a society- those who internalize the norms

to break the law or to wantradical social change

- standardize education and

make it compulsory for allchildren

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1. Primary Socialization1. Primary Socialization1. Primary Socialization1. Primary Socialization1. Primary Socialization1. Primary Socialization1. Primary Socialization1. Primary Socialization

Learning that one gets from primary

caretakers during the early years of life

Teaching language and other cognitive skills,

e n erna za on o cu ura norms anvalues, the establishment of

emotional ties, and the appreciation

of others roles and perspective

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2. Anticipatory Socialization2. Anticipatory Socialization2. Anticipatory Socialization2. Anticipatory Socialization2. Anticipatory Socialization2. Anticipatory Socialization2. Anticipatory Socialization2. Anticipatory Socialization

Occurs when a personstarts learning new norms

and values in anticipation

o a ro e e or s e woccupy in the future

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Example:Example:Example:Example:Example:Example:Example:Example: Gender SocializationGender SocializationGender SocializationGender SocializationGender SocializationGender SocializationGender SocializationGender Socialization

The tendency for boys and girls to besocialized differently. Boys are raised toconform to the male gender role, and girls

are ra se o con orm o e ema e gen errole

GENDER ROLE a set of behaviors, attitudes,personality characteristics expected and

encouraged of a person based on his or hersex

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3. Development Socialization3. Development Socialization3. Development Socialization3. Development Socialization3. Development Socialization3. Development Socialization3. Development Socialization3. Development Socialization

Based on achievements of primarysocialization

Builds on already acquired skills and

knowledge as the adult progresses throughsituations that require new expectations,obligations and roles

New learning is added to and blended withold in relatively smooth and continuousprocess of development

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4. Reverse Socialization4. Reverse Socialization4. Reverse Socialization4. Reverse Socialization4. Reverse Socialization4. Reverse Socialization4. Reverse Socialization4. Reverse Socialization

Occurs when younger generation transmitscultural knowledge to the older generation

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5.5.5.5.5.5.5.5. ResocializationResocializationResocializationResocializationResocializationResocializationResocializationResocialization

Learning of new norms and values that occurswhen adults join a new group or when life

circumstances chan e dramaticall .

Takes place in the context where people havebeen partly or wholly isolated from their

previous background

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Agents of SocializationAgents of SocializationAgents of SocializationAgents of SocializationAgents of SocializationAgents of SocializationAgents of SocializationAgents of Socialization Family

Process of socialization may be intentional orunconscious

School Imparting knowledge in the areas of science,

math, reading, etc.

Hidden curriculum

teaches children importantcultural values

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Agents of SocializationAgents of SocializationAgents of SocializationAgents of SocializationAgents of SocializationAgents of SocializationAgents of SocializationAgents of Socialization Peer Group

A social group whose members have interests,social position, and age in common

Mass Media

Methods of communication that direct messagesand entertainment to a wide audience

(newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, the internet,

and movies)

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EcologicalEcological SystemsSystems TheoryTheoryUrie Bronfenbrenner (1979)

MACROSYSTEM

EXOSYSTEM

MESOSYSTEM

MICROSYSTEM

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BronfenbrennersBronfenbrenners Ecological SystemsEcological Systems

MICROMICROMICROMICROsystem

pattern of activities, roles, interactions

experienced by individual in immediate setting

; sc oo ; p ace o wor

Proximal Process: progressively more complex

reciprocal interaction between active, evolving

biopsychological organism and the persons, objects,symbols in its immediate environment

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MESOMESOMESOMESOsystem

interrelations between microsystems

Family & school interactions

EXOEXOEXOEXOsystem

settings that do not directly involve the individual but in

which events occur that affect or are affected by the

individual Parents work; older sibs; social supports of parents

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MACROMACROMACROMACROsystem socioeconomic class, religion, culture,

government policy, etc. that provide varying

systems blueprints influence is distal

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socialization part 1

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