social legislation finals

8/11/2019 Social Legislation Finals

1/55

SYLLABI/SYNOPSIS

SYNOPSIS

Petitioners filed two cases for damages with preliminary injunction, with the municipal trialCourt of Guinobatan, Albay against respondents for illegal gatherings of anahaw leaves, pilinuts

and coconuts, and their destruction of banana and pineapple plantation. The two cases were

consolidated. In their answer, respondents claimed that petitioners were not the owners of theland in question. They contented that there was no annotation on the titles of the land

establishing petitioners right over the land and Josefina Opiana-Baraclan is the lawful owner of

the land and the respondents Jaime Occidental her bona fide tenant. The MTC rendered a

decision in favor of petitioners. It held the petitioners had been in actual continuous, open andadverse possession of the land in question for forty-five (45) years. Respondents appealed to the

Regional Trial Court of Ligao, Albay Questioning the jurisdiction of the MTC contending thatthe case was cognizable by the Department of Agrarian Reform Adjudicatory Board (DARAB).The RTC rendered decision reversing that of the MTC and dismissing the complaints, ruling that

the issue involved is tenancy-related which full under the original and exclusive jurisdiction of

the DARAB. Petitioner filed a petition for review with the Court of Appeals. The Court ofAppeals affirmed the MTCs ruling and denied petitioners motion for reconsideration. Hence,

this petition.

For DARAB to have jurisdiction over the case, there must exist a tenancy relationship betweenthe parties. In order for a tenancy agreement to take hold over dispute, it would be essential to

establish all its indispensable elements, to wit: 1) that the parties are the landowner and the

tenant or agricultural lessee; (2) that the subject matter of the relationship is an agricultural land;(3) that there is consent between the parties to the relationship; (4) that the purpose of the

relationship is to bring about agricultural production; (5) that there is personal cultivation on the

part of the tenant or agricultural lessee; and (6) that the harvest is shared between the landownerand the tenant or agricultural lessee. The Supreme court ruled that the issue involved in the case

is tenancy- related cognizable by the DARAB for its fails to comply with the aforesaid requisites.

Moreover, the issue of ownership cannot settled by the DARAB since it is outside its

jurisdiction. Whatever findings made by the DARAB regarding the ownership of the land arenot conclusive to settle the matter. The issue of the ownership shall be resolved in a separate

proceedings before the appropriate trial court between the claimants thereof. The Supreme Court

therefore affirmed the decision of the Municipal Trial Court.

SYLLABUS

1. REMEDIAL LAW; CIVIL PROCEDURE; COURTS; JURISDICTION; DETERMINED BY

THE ALLEGATIONS MADE IN THE COMPLAINT. It is axiomatic that what determines the

nature of an action as well as which court has jurisdiction over it, are the allegations in thecomplaint and the character of the relief sought. Jurisdiction over the subject matter is

determined upon the allegations made in the complaint, irrespective of whether the plaintiff is


2/55

entitled to recover upon a claim asserted therein - a matter resolved only after and as a result of

the trial. Neither can the jurisdiction of the court be made to depend upon the defenses made bythe defendant in his answer or motion to dismiss. If such were the rule, the question of

jurisdiction would depend almost entirely upon the defendant. The complaint filed by

petitioners before the Municipal Trial Court is an action for damages for illegal gathering of

anahaw leaves, pilinuts and coconuts, and the destruction of their banana and pineappleplantations. The respondents did not question the municipal trial court's jurisdiction in their

answer. The issue of jurisdiction was raised for the first time on appeal.

2. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW; DARAB; TENANCY RELATIONSHIP; ELEMENTS

THEREOF. For DARAB to have jurisdiction over a case, there must exist a tenancyrelationship between the parties. In order for a tenancy agreement to take hold over a dispute, it

would be essential to establish all its indispensable elements, to wit: 1) that the parties are the

landowner and the tenant or agricultural lessee; 2) that the subject matter of the relationship is an

agricultural land; 3) that there is consent between the parties to the relationship; 4) that thepurpose of the relationship is to bring about agricultural production; 5) that there is personal

cultivation on the part of the tenant or agricultural lessee; and 6) that the harvest is sharedbetween the landowner and the tenant or agricultural lessee.

3. ID.; ID.; JURISDICTION THEREOF; CITED. In Vda. de Tangub v. Court of Appeals, we

held that the jurisdiction of the Department of Agrarian Reforms is limited to the following: a)adjudication of all matters involving implementation of agrarian reform; b) resolution of agrarian

conflicts and land-tenure related problems; and c) approval and disapproval of the conversion,

restructuring or readjustment of agricultural lands into residential, commercial, industrial, and

other non-agricultural uses.

4. ID.; ID.; NO JURISDICTION TO SETTLE ISSUE OF OWNERSHIP. The regional trial

court ruled that the issue involved is tenancy-related that falls within the exclusive jurisdiction ofthe DARAB. It relied on the findings in DARAB Case No. 2413 that Josefina Opiana-Baraclan

appears to be the lawful owner of the land and Jaime Occidental was her recognized tenant.

However, petitioner Morta claimed that he is the owner of the land. Thus, there is even a disputeas to who is the rightful owner of the land, Josefina Opiana-Baraclan or petitioner Morta. The

issue of ownership cannot be settled by the DARAB since it is definitely outside its jurisdiction.

Whatever findings made by the DARAB regarding the ownership of the land are not conclusive

to settle the matter. The issue of ownership shall be resolved in a separate proceeding before theappropriate trial court between the claimants thereof.

5. ID.; ID.; NO JURISDICTION TO SETTLE DISPUTE IN CASE AT BAR. At any rate,whoever is declared to be the rightful owner of the land, the case can not be considered as

tenancy-related for it still fails to comply with the other requirements. Assuming arguendo that

Josefina Opiana-Baraclan is the owner, then the case is not between the landowner and tenant.If, however, Morta is the landowner, Occidental can not claim that there is consent to a

landowner-tenant relationship between him and Morta. Thus, for failure to comply with the

above requisites, we conclude that the issue involved is not tenancy-related cognizable by theDARAB.


3/55

DAVIDE, JR., C. J., dissenting opinion:

LABOR AND SOCIAL LEGISLATION; AGRICULTURAL TENANCY, TENANCY

ATTACHES TO THE LAND.-C. J. Davide, Jr. agrees with both the Regional Trial Court and

the Court Appeals that the case before the Municipal Trial Court involved and agrarian dispute

exclusively cognizable by the DARAB. It had, in fact, been determined in DARAB Case No.2413 that respondent the Jaime Occidental- a defendant in one of the MTC cases- is the tenant of

Josefina Opiniana- Baraclan (1st par.,p.7 of ponencia). There is at all no showing that thisdetermination by DARAB has been set aside by some higher authorities. The claim of petitioner

Morta that he is the owner of the land is of no moment, for whether is it is Josefina or Morta who

is the owner does not affect Occidentals right as tenancy. Tenancy attaches to the land.

APPEARANCES OF COUNSEL

Rodolfo R. Paulino for petitionersMariano B. Baranda, Jr. for private respondents.

FIRST DIVISION

[G.R. No. 123417. June 10, 1999]

JAIME MORTA, SR. and PURIFICACION PADILLA,petitioners, vs. JAIME

OCCIDENTAL, ATTY. MARIANO BARANDA, JR., and DANIEL

CORRAL,respondents.

D E C I S I O N

PARDO,J.:

What is before us is a petition for review on certiorari of the decision[1] of the Court of

Appeals and the resolution,[2]denying petitioners' motion for reconsideration and supplemental

motion for reconsideration. In its decision, the Court of Appeals dismissed the petition for

review filed before it, ruling that the cases below fall within the jurisdiction of the DARAB.

The antecedent facts are as follows:

On January 10 and 21, 1994,[3]

petitioners Jaime Morta, Sr. and Purificacion Padilla filedtwo (2) cases

[4]for damages with preliminary injunction, with the Municipal Trial Court,

Guinobatan, Albay, against respondents Jaime Occidental, Atty. Mariano Baranda, Jr. and Daniel

Corral, which were consolidated pursuant to Rule 31 of the Revised Rules of Court. In the

complaints, petitioners alleged that respondents through the instigation of Atty. Baranda,

gathered pilinuts, anahaw leaves, and coconuts from their respective land, delivered the produceto Atty. Mariano Baranda, Jr., and destroyed their banana and pineapple plants. In Civil Case

No. 481, petitioners claimed damages amounting to P8,930.00, plus costs of suit; in Civil Case


4/55

No. 482, petitioners claimed P9,950.00, as damages. The court considered the cases covered by

the Rule on Summary Procedure and ordered respondents to file their answer.

In their answer, respondents claimed that petitioners were not the owners of the land in

question. They alleged that the torrens titles of the land indicated a certain Gil Opiana as the

registered owner. Gil Opiana was the father of Josefina Opiana-Baraclan who inherited the lots

upon the former's death. Respondent Jaime Occidental contended that he was a bona fide tenantof Josefina Opiana-Baraclan. Respondents stated that there was no annotation on the titles

establishing petitioners' right over the land. They denied harvesting the anahaw leaves andcoconuts, as well as delivering the produce to Atty. Baranda, Jr.

Thereafter, the Municipal Trial Court ordered the parties to submit affidavits of their

witnesses and other evidence on the factual issues, together with their respective position

papers. After respondents' failure to file their position papers within the prescribed period, thetrial court considered the case submitted for decision.

On March 29, 1994, the Municipal Trial Court rendered decision[5]

in favor of petitioners. It

held that petitioners had been in actual, continuous, open and adverse possession of the land in

question for forty-five (45) years. The decretal portion of the decision reads:

WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing considerations, judgment is rendered in favor of theplaintiffs and against the defendants in both cases as follows:

1) Ordering the defendants not to molest and disturb the peaceful possession of the plaintiffs inthe lands in question situated at San Rafael, Guinobatan;

2) Condemning the defendants in Civil Cases No. 481 to jointly and severally pay the plaintiffs

the total amount of P8,130.00 representing the value of the coconuts, pilinuts and anahaw leaves

and for the destroyed plants;

3) Ordering the defendants in Civil Cases No. 481 jointly and severally to reimburse the

plaintiffs the amount of P202.00 as legal expenses incurred in filing this suit;

4) Condemning the defendants in Civil Case No. 482 jointly and severally to pay the plaintiffs

the total amount of P9,950.00 representing the value of the coconuts and anahaw leaves;

5) Ordering the said defendants in Civil Case No. 482 to jointly and severally reimburse the

plaintiffs the sum of P202.00 as legal expenses in filing this suit.

Guinobatan, Albay, March 29, 1994.

(signed)

JAIME R. REMONTEJudge[6]

Respondents appealed to the Regional Trial Court, Ligao, Albay. They questioned the trial

court's jurisdiction contending that the case was cognizable by the Department of Agrarian


5/55

Reform Adjudicatory Board (DARAB). They alleged that petitioners engaged in forum

shopping and that the trial court erred in granting the reliefs prayed for.

On August 10, 1994, the Regional Trial Court rendered decision reversing that of the

Municipal Trial Court and dismissing the above cases,[7]

ruling that these cases for damages are

tenancy-related problems which fall under the original and exclusive jurisdiction of the

DARAB. The court also declared that the filing of Civil Cases Nos. 481 and 482, while a caseinvolving the same issue was pending before the DARAB, amounted to forum shopping.

On September 9, 1994, petitioners filed a petition for review[8]

with the Court of Appeals,

contesting the decision of the Regional Trial Court. On May 31, 1995, the Court ofAppeals[9]rendered decision affirming the lower's court ruling that the cases fall within the

original and exclusive jurisdiction of DARAB. However, it ruled that petitioners did not engage

in forum shopping.

On June 6, 1995, petitioners filed a motion for reconsideration.[10]On June 13, 1995, they

filed a supplemental motion for reconsideration,[11]

stressing that there was no tenancy

relationship between the parties, as certified by the Municipal Agrarian Reform Office

(MARO).[12]

On December 8, 1995, the Court of Appeals denied the motions.[13]

Hence, this petition for review on certiorari.

Petitioners claim that Morta is not a tenant of either Jaime Occidental or Josefina Opiana-Baraclan, as shown by the MARO certification. They argue that the civil actions for damages

are not tenancy-related, and, hence, are properly cognizable by the trial court, not the DARAB.

We resolve to grant the petition.

It is axiomatic that what determines the nature of an action as well as which court has

jurisdiction over it, are the allegations in the complaint and the character of the reliefsought.[14]

"Jurisdiction over the subject matter is determined upon the allegations made in the

complaint, irrespective of whether the plaintiff is entitled to recover upon a claim assertedtherein - a matter resolved only after and as a result of the trial. Neither can the jurisdiction of

the court be made to depend upon the defenses made by the defendant in his answer or motion to

dismiss. If such were the rule, the question of jurisdiction would depend almost entirely uponthe defendant.[15] The complaint filed by petitioners before the Municipal Trial Court is an

action for damages for illegal gathering of anahaw leaves, pilinuts and coconuts, and the

destruction of their banana and pineapple plantations. The respondents did not question the

municipal trial court's jurisdiction in their answer. The issue of jurisdiction was raised for thefirst time on appeal.

For DARAB to have jurisdiction over a case, there must exist a tenancy relationshipbetween the parties. In order for a tenancy agreement to take hold over a dispute, it would beessential to establish all its indispensable elements, to wit: 1) that the parties are the landowner

and the tenant or agricultural lessee; 2) that the subject matter of the relationship is an

agricultural land; 3) that there is consent between the parties to the relationship; 4) that the

purpose of the relationship is to bring about agricultural production; 5) that there is personalcultivation on the part of the tenant or agricultural lessee; and 6) that the harvest is shared

between the landowner and the tenant or agricultural lessee.[16]

In Vda. de Tangub v. Court of


6/55

Appeals,[17]

we held that the jurisdiction of the Department of Agrarian Reforms is limited to the

following:

a) adjudication of all matters involving implementation of agrarian reform;

b) resolution of agrarian conflicts and land-tenure related problems; and

c) approval and disapproval of the conversion, restructuring or readjustment ofagricultural lands into residential, commercial, industrial, and other non-agricultural

uses.

The regional trial court ruled that the issue involved is tenancy-related that falls within the

exclusive jurisdiction of the DARAB. It relied on the findings in DARAB Case No. 2413 thatJosefina Opiana-Baraclan appears to be the lawful owner of the land and Jaime Occidental was

her recognized tenant. However, petitioner Morta claimed that he is the owner of the

land. Thus, there is even a dispute as to who is the rightful owner of the land, Josefina Opiana-Baraclan or petitioner Morta. The issue of ownership cannot be settled by the DARAB since it is

definitely outside its jurisdiction. Whatever findings made by the DARAB regarding the

ownership of the land are not conclusive to settle the matter. The issue of ownership shall beresolved in a separate proceeding before the appropriate trial court between the claimantsthereof.

At any rate, whoever is declared to be the rightful owner of the land, the case can not be

considered as tenancy-related for it still fails to comply with the otherrequirements. Assuming arguendo that Josefina Opiana-Baraclan is the owner, then the case is

not between the landowner and tenant. If, however, Morta is the landowner, Occidental can not

claim that there is consent to a landowner-tenant relationship between him and Morta. Thus, forfailure to comply with the above requisites, we conclude that the issue involved is not tenancy-

related cognizable by the DARAB.

WHEREFORE, the Court SETS ASIDEthe decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R.SP No. 35300 and that of the Regional Trial Court in Civil Cases Nos. 1751 and 1752.

The Court AFFIRMSthe decision of the Municipal Trial Court, Guinobatan, Albay, in Civil

Cases Nos. 481 and 482, for damages.

SO ORDERED.

Kapunan, andYnares-Santiago, JJ., concur.

Davide, Jr., C.J.,pls. see dissenting opinion.Melo, J.,joins Chief Justice Davide in his dissent.

DISSSENTING OPINION

DAVIDE, JR., C.J.:

Ibeg to dissent. I agree with both the Regional Trial Court and the Court of Appeals thatthe cases before the Municipal Trial Court involved an agrarian dispute exclusively cognizable

by the DARAB. It had, in fact, been determined in DARAB Case No. 2413 that respondent


7/55

Jaime Occidental a defendant in one of the MTC cases is the tenant of Josefina Opiniana-

Baraclan (1stpar., p. 7 ofponencia). There is at all no showing that this determination by

DARAB has been set aside by some higher authorities. The claim of petitioner Morta that he is

the owner of the land is of no moment, for whether it is Josefina or Morta who is the owner does

not affect Occidental's right as tenancy. Tenancy attaches to the land.

As I see it, the cases filed by petitioners Morta and Padilla were a clever way to defeat theagrarian law. While the cases were ostensibly for damages, they were, at bottom, a fight on

issues incident to or arising from an agrarian relationship. The first relief granted by the MTC,to wit:

"1) Ordering the defendants not to molestand disturb the peaceful possession of the plaintiffsinthe lands in question situated at San Rafael, Guinobatan;

mirrors the true nature of the controversy.

WHEREFORE, I vote to DENY the instant petition since no reversible error was

committed by the Court of Appeals inits challenged decision.

LUZ FARMS, petitioner, vs. THE HONORABLE SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRARAN

REFORM, respon!ent.

Enri"#e M. Be$o %or petitioner.

D E C S O N

PARAS, & p'

T(is is ) petition %or pro(i*ition +it( pr)er %or restr)inin- or!er )n!or pre$i/in)r )n!

per/)nent in0#n1tion )-)inst t(e Honor)*$e Se1ret)r o% t(e Dep)rt/ent o% A-r)ri)n Re%or/

%or )1tin- +it(o#t 0#ris!i1tion in en%or1in- t(e )ss)i$e! provisions o% R.A. No. 2234, ot(er+ise

5no+n )s t(e Co/pre(ensive A-r)ri)n Re%or/ L)+ o% 6788 )n! in pro/#$-)tin- t(e G#i!e$ines


8/55

)n! Pro1e!#re /p$e/entin- Pro!#1tion )n! Pro%it S()rin- #n!er R.A. No. 2234, inso%)r )s t(e

s)/e )pp$ to (erein petitioner, )n! %#rt(er %ro/ per%or/in- )n )1t in vio$)tion o% t(e

1onstit#tion)$ ri-(ts o% t(e petitioner.

As -)t(ere! %ro/ t(e re1or!s, t(e %)1t#)$ *)15-ro#n! o% t(is 1)se, is )s %o$$o+s'

On ne 69, 6788, t(e Presi!ent o% t(e P(i$ippines )pprove! R.A. No. 2234, +(i1( in1$#!es

t(e r)isin- o% $ivesto15, po#$tr )n! s+ine in its 1over)-e :Ro$$o, p. 89;.

On &)n#)r F)r/s, petitioner in t(is 1)se, is ) 1orpor)tion en-)-e! in t(e $ivesto15 )n! po#$tr

*#siness )n! to-et(er +it( ot(ers in t(e s)/e *#siness )$$e-e!$ st)n!s to *e )!verse$

)%%e1te! * t(e en%or1e/ent o% Se1tion =:*;, Se1tion 66, Se1tion 6=, Se1tion 62:!; )n! 64 )n!

Se1tion =< o% R.A. No. 2234 ot(er+ise 5no+n )s Co/pre(ensive A-r)ri)n Re%or/ L)+ )n! o%

t(e G#i!e$ines )n! Pro1e!#res /p$e/entin- Pro!#1tion )n! Pro%it S()rin- #n!er R.A. No. 2234

pro/#$-)te! on &)n#)r


9/55

T(is Co#rt in its Reso$#tion !)te! $ @, 67=7 reso$ve! to !en, )/on- ot(ers, L#> F)r/s

pr)er %or t(e iss#)n1e o% ) pre$i/in)r in0#n1tion in its M)ni%est)tion !)te! M)


10/55

Provi!e!, T()t t(ese in!ivi!#)$s or entities re)$i>e -ross s)$es in e1ess o% %ive /i$$ion pesos per

)nn#/ #n$ess t(e DAR, #pon proper )pp$i1)tion, !eter/ine ) $o+er 1ei$in-.

n t(e event t()t t(e in!ivi!#)$ or entit re)$i>es ) pro%it, )n )!!ition)$ ten :69; o% t(e net

pro%it )%ter t) s()$$ *e !istri*#te! to s)i! re-#$)r )n! ot(er %)r/+or5ers +it(in ninet :79;

!)s o% t(e en! o% t(e %is1)$ e)r . . .

T(e /)in iss#e in t(is petition is t(e 1onstit#tion)$it o% Se1tions =:*;, 66, 6= )n! =< o% R.A.

No. 2234 :t(e Co/pre(ensive A-r)ri)n Re%or/ L)+ o% 6788;, inso%)r )s t(e s)i! $)+ in1$#!es

t(e r)isin- o% $ivesto15, po#$tr )n! s+ine in its 1over)-e )s +e$$ )s t(e /p$e/entin- R#$es )n!

G#i!e$ines pro/#$-)te! in )11or!)n1e t(ere+it(.

T(e 1onstit#tion)$ provision #n!er 1onsi!er)tion re)!s )s %o$$o+s'

ARTCLE

AGRARAN AND NATURAL RESOURCES REFORM

Se1tion @. T(e St)te s()$$, * $)+, #n!ert)5e )n )-r)ri)n re%or/ pro-r)/ %o#n!e! on t(e

ri-(t o% %)r/ers )n! re-#$)r %)r/+or5ers, +(o )re $)n!$ess, to o+n !ire1t$ or 1o$$e1tive$ t(e

$)n!s t(e ti$$ or, in t(e 1)se o% ot(er %)r/+or5ers, to re1eive ) 0#st s()re o% t(e %r#its t(ereo%.To t(is en!, t(e St)te s()$$ en1o#r)-e )n! #n!ert)5e t(e 0#st !istri*#tion o% )$$ )-ri1#$t#r)$

$)n!s, s#*0e1t to s#1( priorities )n! re)son)*$e retention $i/its )s t(e Con-ress /) pres1ri*e,

t)5in- into )11o#nt e1o$o-i1)$, !eve$op/ent)$, or e"#it 1onsi!er)tions, )n! s#*0e1t to t(e

p)/ent o% 0#st 1o/pens)tion. n !eter/inin- retention $i/its, t(e St)te s()$$ respe1t t(e ri-(ts

o% s/)$$ $)n!o+ners. T(e St)te s()$$ %#rt(er provi!e in1entives %or vo$#nt)r $)n!?s()rin-.

L#> F)r/s 1onten!e! t()t it !oes not see5 t(e n#$$i%i1)tion o% R.A. 2234 in its entiret. n

%)1t, it )15no+$e!-es t(e 1orre1tness o% t(e !e1ision o% t(is Co#rt in t(e 1)se o% t(e Asso1i)tiono% S/)$$ L)n!o+ners in t(e P(i$ippines, n1. vs. Se1ret)r o% A-r)ri)n Re%or/ :G.R. 484@


11/55

o% t(e tot)$ invest/ent o% 1o//er1i)$ $ivesto15 )n! po#$tr r)isers. n!ee!, t(ere )re /)n

o+ners o% resi!enti)$ $)n!s )$$ over t(e 1o#ntr +(o #se )v)i$)*$e sp)1e in t(eir resi!en1e %or

1o//er1i)$ $ivesto15 )n! r)isin- p#rposes, #n!er 1ontr)1t?-ro+in- )rr)n-e/ents, +(ere*

pro1essin- 1orpor)tions )n! ot(er 1o//er1i)$ $ivesto15 )n! po#$tr r)isers :Ro$$o, p. 69;. L)n!s

s#pport t(e *#i$!in-s )n! ot(er )/enities )tten!)nt to t(e r)isin- o% )ni/)$s )n! *ir!s. T(e #seo% $)n! is in1i!ent)$ to *#t not t(e prin1ip)$ %)1tor or 1onsi!er)tion in pro!#1tivit in t(is

in!#str. n1$#!in- *)15)r! r)isers, )*o#t 89 o% t(ose in 1o//er1i)$ $ivesto15 )n! po#$tr

pro!#1tion o11#p %ive (e1t)res or $ess. T(e re/)inin-


12/55

e1ept +(ere te1(ni1)$ ter/s )re e/p$oe! in +(i1( 1)se t(e si-ni%i1)n1e t(#s )tt)1(e! to

t(e/ prev)i$s :&.M. T#)>on Co. vs. L)n! Ten#re A!/inistr)tion, =6 SCRA @6= I6749J;.

t is -ener)$$ (e$! t()t, in 1onstr#in- 1onstit#tion)$ provisions +(i1( )re )/*i-#o#s or o%!o#*t%#$ /e)nin-, t(e 1o#rts /) 1onsi!er t(e !e*)tes in t(e 1onstit#tion)$ 1onvention )s

t(ro+in- $i-(t on t(e intent o% t(e %r)/ers o% t(e Constit#tion. t is tr#e t()t t(e intent o% t(e

1onvention is not 1ontro$$in- * itse$%, *#t )s its pro1ee!in- +)s pre$i/in)r to t(e )!option *

t(e peop$e o% t(e Constit#tion t(e #n!erst)n!in- o% t(e 1onvention )s to +()t +)s /e)nt *

t(e ter/s o% t(e 1onstit#tion)$ provision +(i1( +)s t(e s#*0e1t o% t(e !e$i*er)tion, -oes ) $on-

+) to+)r! ep$)inin- t(e #n!erst)n!in- o% t(e peop$e +(en t(e r)ti%ie! it :A"#ino, &r. v.

Enri$e, 37 SCRA 68= I674@J;.

T(e tr)ns1ripts o% t(e !e$i*er)tions o% t(e Constit#tion)$ Co//ission o% 6782 on t(e

/e)nin- o% t(e +or! )-ri1#$t#r)$, 1$e)r$ s(o+ t()t it +)s never t(e intention o% t(e %r)/ers

o% t(e Constit#tion to in1$#!e $ivesto15 )n! po#$tr in!#str in t(e 1over)-e o% t(e

1onstit#tion)$$?/)n!)te! )-r)ri)n re%or/ pro-r)/ o% t(e Govern/ent.

T(e Co//ittee )!opte! t(e !e%inition o% )-ri1#$t#r)$ $)n! )s !e%ine! #n!er Se1tion 622

o% R.A. =8@@, )s $)#! !evote! to )n -ro+t(, in1$#!in- *#t not $i/ite! to 1rop $)n!s, s)$t*e!s,

%is(pon!s, i!$e )n! )*)n!one! $)n! :Re1or!, CONCOM, A#-#st 4, 6782, Ko$. , p. 66;.

T(e intention o% t(e Co//ittee is to $i/it t(e )pp$i1)tion o% t(e +or! )-ri1#$t#re.

Co//issioner &)/ir propose! to insert t(e +or! ARABLE to !istin-#is( t(is 5in! o%

)-ri1#$t#r)$ $)n! %ro/ s#1( $)n!s )s 1o//er1i)$ )n! in!#stri)$ $)n!s )n! resi!enti)$ properties

*e1)#se )$$ o% t(e/ %)$$ #n!er t(e -ener)$ 1$)ssi%i1)tion o% t(e +or! )-ri1#$t#r)$. T(is

propos)$, (o+ever, +)s not 1onsi!ere! *e1)#se t(e Co//ittee 1onte/p$)te! t()t )-ri1#$t#r)$

$)n!s )re $i/ite! to )r)*$e )n! s#it)*$e )-ri1#$t#r)$ $)n!s )n! t(ere%ore, !o not in1$#!e

1o//er1i)$, in!#stri)$ )n! resi!enti)$ $)n!s :Re1or!, CONCOM, A#-#st 4, 6782, Ko$. , p. =9;.

n t(e interpe$$)tion, t(en Co//issioner Re-)$)!o :no+ ) S#pre/e Co#rt sti1e;, pose!

sever)$ "#estions, )/on- ot(ers, "#ote! )s %o$$o+s'


13/55

Line 67 re%ers to -en#ine re%or/ pro-r)/ %o#n!e! on t(e pri/)r ri-(t o% %)r/ers )n!

%)r/+or5ers. +on!er i% it /e)ns t()t $e)se(o$! ten)n1 is t(ere* pros1ri*e! #n!er t(is

provision *e1)#se it spe)5s o% t(e pri/)r ri-(t o% %)r/ers )n! %)r/+or5ers to o+n !ire1t$ or

1o$$e1tive$ t(e $)n!s t(e ti$$. As )$so /entione! * Co//issioner T)!eo, %)r/+or5ers in1$#!e

t(ose +(o +or5 in pi--eries )n! po#$tr pro0e1ts.

+)s +on!erin- +(et(er )/ +ron- in / )ppre1i)tion t()t i% so/e*o! p#ts #p ) pi--er or

) po#$tr pro0e1t )n! %or t()t p#rpose (ires %)r/+or5ers t(erein, t(ese %)r/+or5ers +i$$

)#to/)ti1)$$ ()ve t(e ri-(t to o+n event#)$$, !ire1t$ or #$ti/)te$ or 1o$$e1tive$, t(e $)n! on

+(i1( t(e pi--eries )n! po#$tr pro0e1ts +ere 1onstr#1te!. :Re1or!, CONCOM, A#-#st


14/55

per1ent :69; o% t(eir net pro%its to t(eir +or5ers )s )!!ition)$ 1o/pens)tion is #nre)son)*$e

%or *ein- 1on%is1)tor, )n! t(ere%ore vio$)tive o% !#e pro1ess :Ro$$o, p.


15/55

PREMSES CONSDERED, t(e inst)nt petition is (ere* GRANTED. Se1tions =:*;, 66, 6= )n!

=< o% R.A. No. 2234 inso%)r )s t(e in1$#sion o% t(e r)isin- o% $ivesto15, po#$tr )n! s+ine in its

1over)-e )s +e$$ )s t(e /p$e/entin- R#$es )n! G#i!e$ines pro/#$-)te! in )11or!)n1e

t(ere+it(, )re (ere* DECLARED n#$$ )n! voi! %or *ein- #n1onstit#tion)$ )n! t(e +rit o%

pre$i/in)r in0#n1tion iss#e! is (ere* MADE per/)nent.

SO ORDERED.

Fern)n :C.&.;, N)rv)s), Me$en1io?Herrer), G#tierre>, &r., Cr#>, G)n1)1o, P)!i$$), Bi!in,

Grio?A"#ino, Me!i)$!e) )n! Re-)$)!o, &&., 1on1#r.

Fe$i1i)no, &., is on $e)ve.

Sep)r)te Opinions

SARMENTO, &., 1on1#rrin-'

)-ree t()t t(e petition *e -r)nte!.

t is / opinion (o+ever t()t t(e /)in iss#e on t(e v)$i!it o% t(e )ss)i$e! provisions o%

R.A. 2234 :t(e Co/pre(ensive A-r)ri)n Re%or/ L)+ o% 6788; )n! its /p$e/entin- R#$es )n!G#i!e$ines inso%)r )s t(e in1$#!e t(e r)isin- o% $ivesto15, po#$tr, )n! s+ine in t(eir 1over)-e

1)n not *e si/p$isti1)$$ re!#1e! to ) "#estion o% 1onstit#tion)$ 1onstr#1tion.


16/55

t is ) +e$$?sett$e! r#$e t()t 1onstr#1tion )n! interpret)tion 1o/e on$ )%ter it ()s *een

!e/onstr)te! t()t )pp$i1)tion is i/possi*$e or in)!e"#)te +it(o#t t(e/. A 1$ose re)!in-

(o+ever o% t(e 1onstit#tion)$ tet in point, spe1i%i1)$$, Se1. @, Art. , p)rti1#$)r$ t(e p(r)se,

. . . in 1)se o% ot(er %)r/+or5ers, to re1eive ) 0#st s()re o% t(e %r#its t(ereo%, provi!es ) *)sis

%or t(e 1$e)r )n! possi*$e 1over)-e o% $ivesto15, po#$tr, )n! s+ine r)isin- +it(in t(e )/*it o%t(e 1o/pre(ensive )-r)ri)n re%or/ pro-r)/. T(is )11or!s +it( t(e prin1ip$e t()t ever

pres#/ption s(o#$! *e in!#$-e! in %)vor o% t(e 1onstit#tion)$it o% ) st)t#te )n! t(e 1o#rt in

1onsi!erin- t(e v)$i!it o% ) st)t#te s(o#$! -ive it s#1( re)son)*$e 1onstr#1tion )s 1)n *e

re)1(e! to *rin- it +it(in t(e %#n!)/ent)$ $)+. 6

T(e pres#/ption )-)inst #n1onstit#tion)$it, /#st s), )ss#/es -re)ter +ei-(t +(en )

r#$in- to t(e 1ontr)r +o#$!, in e%%e1t, !e%e)t t(e $)#!)*$e )n! no*$e p#rpose o% t(e $)+, i.e.,

t(e +e$%)re o% t(e $)n!$ess %)r/ers )n! %)r/+or5ers in t(e pro/otion o% so1i)$ 0#sti1e, * t(eepe!ient 1onversion o% )-ri1#$t#r)$ $)n!s into $ivesto15, po#$tr, )n! s+ine r)isin- * s1(e/in-

$)n!o+ners, t(#s, ren!erin- t(e 1o/pre(ensive n)t#re o% t(e )-r)ri)n pro-r)/ /ere$ i$$#sor.

T(e inst)nt 1ontrovers, s#*/it, *oi$s !o+n to t(e "#estion o% +(et(er or not t(e

)ss)i$e! provisions vio$)te t(e e"#)$ prote1tion 1$)#se o% t(e Constit#tion :Arti1$e , se1tion 6;

+(i1( te)1(es si/p$ t()t )$$ persons or t(in-s si/i$)r$ sit#)te! s(o#$! *e tre)te! )$i5e, *ot(

)s to ri-(ts 1on%erre! )n! responsi*i$ities i/pose!. )tion $)+ o% t(e CMU.

So/eti/e in 6782, #n!er Dr. C(#) )s Presi!ent, t(e CMU $)#n1(e! ) se$%?(e$p pro0e1t 1)$$e!

CMU?n1o/e En()n1e/ent Pro-r)/ :CMU?EP; to !eve$op #n#ti$i>e! $)n! reso#r1es, /o*i$i>e

)n! pro/ote t(e spirit o% se$%?re$i)n1e, provi!e so1io?e1ono/i1 )n! te1(ni1)$ tr)inin- in )1t#)$%ie$! pro0e1t i/p$e/ent)tion )n! )#-/ent t(e in1o/e o% t(e %)1#$t )n! t(e st)%%.

Un!er t(e ter/s o% ) =?p)rt Me/or)n!#/ o% A-ree/ent < )/on- t(e CMU, t(e CMU?

nte-r)te! Deve$op/ent Fo#n!)tion :CMU?DF; )n! -ro#ps or se$!)s o% 3 CMU e/p$oees,

t(e CMU +o#$! provi!e t(e #se o% @ to 3 (e1t)res o% $)n! to ) se$!) %or one :6; 1)$en!)r e)r.

T(e CMU?DF +o#$! provi!e rese)r1(ers )n! spe1i)$ists to )ssist in t(e prep)r)tion o% pro0e1t

propos)$s )n! to /onitor )n! )n)$>e pro0e1t i/p$e/ent)tion. T(e se$!) in t#rn +o#$! p) to

t(e CMU P699 )s servi1e %ee )n! P6,999 per (e1t)re )s p)rti1ip)nts $)n! rent)$ %ee. n )!!ition,@99 5i$o-r)/s o% t(e pro!#1e per e)r +o#$! *e t#rne! over or !on)te! to t(e CMU?DF. T(e

p)rti1ip)nts )-ree! not to )$$o+ t(eir (ire! $)*orers or /e/*er o% t(eir %)/i$ to est)*$is( )n

(o#se or $ive +it(in vi1init o% t(e pro0e1t )re) )n! not to #se t(e )$$o1)te! $ot )s 1o$$)ter)$ %or

) $o)n. t +)s epress$ provi!e! t()t no ten)nt?$)n!$or! re$)tions(ip +o#$! eist )s ) res#$t o%

t(e A-ree/ent.

niti)$$, p)rti1ip)tion in t(e CMU?EP +)s eten!e! on$ to +or5ers )n! st)%% /e/*ers +(o

+ere sti$$ e/p$oe! +it( t(e CMU )n! +)s not /)!e )v)i$)*$e to %or/er +or5ers ore/p$oees. n t(e /i!!$e o% 6784, to 1#s(ion t(e i/p)1t o% t(e !is1ontin#)n1e o% t(e ri1e, 1orn

)n! s#-)r 1)ne pro0e1t on t(e $ives o% its %or/er +or5ers, t(e CMU )$$o+e! t(e/ to p)rti1ip)te

in t(e CMU?EP )s spe1i)$ p)rti1ip)nts.


22/55

Un!er t(e ter/s o% ) 1ontr)1t 1)$$e! A!!en!#/ To Eistin- Me/or)n!#/ o% A-ree/ent

Con1ernin- P)rti1ip)tion To t(e CMU?n1o/e En()n1e/ent Pro-r)/, = ) %or/er e/p$oee

+o#$! *e -ro#pe! +it( )n eistin- se$!) o% (is 1(oi1e )n! provi!e! one :6; (e1t)re %or )

$o+$)n! ri1e pro0e1t %or one :6; 1)$en!)r e)r. He +o#$! p) t(e $)n! rent)$ p)rti1ip)nts %ee o%

P6,999.99 per (e1t)re *#t on ) 1()r-e?to?1rop *)sis. He +o#$! )$so *e s#*0e1t to t(e s)/epro(i*itions )s t(ose i/pose! on t(e CMU e/p$oees. t +)s )$so epress$ provi!e! t()t no

ten)nt?$)n!$or! re$)tions(ip +o#$! eist )s ) res#$t o% t(e A-ree/ent.

T(e one?e)r 1ontr)1ts epire! on ne =9, 6788. So/e 1ontr)1ts +ere rene+e!. T(ose +(ose

1ontr)1ts +ere not rene+e! +ere serve! +it( noti1es to v)1)te.

T(e non?rene+)$ o% t(e 1ontr)1ts, t(e !is1ontin#)n1e o% t(e ri1e, 1orn )n! s#-)r 1)ne pro0e1t,t(e $oss o% 0o*s !#e to ter/in)tion or sep)r)tion %ro/ t(e servi1e )n! t(e )$$e-e! ()r)ss/ent

* s1(oo$ )#t(orities, )$$ 1ontri*#te! to, )n! pre1ipit)te! t(e %i$in- o% t(e 1o/p$)int.

On t(e *)sis o% t(e )*ove %)1ts, t(e DARAB %o#n! t()t t(e priv)te respon!ents +ere not

ten)nts )n! 1)nnot t(ere%ore *e *ene%i1i)ries #n!er t(e CARP. At t(e s)/e ti/e, t(e DARAB

or!ere! t(e se-re-)tion o% @99 (e1t)res o% s#it)*$e, 1o/p)1t )n! 1onti-#o#s portions o% t(e

CMU $)n! )n! t(eir in1$#sion in t(e CARP %or !istri*#tion to "#)$i%ie! *ene%i1i)ries.

T(e petitioner CMU, in see5in- ) revie+ o% t(e !e1isions o% t(e respon!ents DARAB )n! t(e

Co#rt o% Appe)$s, r)ise! t(e %o$$o+in- iss#es'

6.; (et(er or not t(e DARAB ()s 0#ris!i1tion to (e)r )n! !e1i!e C)se No. 993 %or

De1$)r)tion o% St)t#s o% Ten)nts )n! 1over)-e o% $)n! #n!er t(e CARP.


23/55

n t(eir 1o/p$)int, !o15ete! )s DAR C)se No. 3, %i$e! +it( t(e DARAB, 1o/p$)in)nts O*ri"#e, et

)$. 1$)i/e! t()t t(e )re ten)nts o% t(e CMU )n!or $)n!$ess pe)s)nts 1$)i/in-o11#pin- )

p)rt or portion o% t(e CMU sit#)te! )t Sin)$))n, K)$en1i), B#5i!non )n! M#s#)n, B#5i!non,

1onsistin- o% )*o#t 6,e! or -iven per/ission to o11#p 1ert)in )re)s o% t(e CMU propert %or ) !e%inite

p#rpose to 1)rr o#t 1ert)in #niversit pro0e1ts )s p)rt o% t(e CMUs pro-r)/ o% )1tivities

p#rs#)nt to its )vo+e! p#rpose o% -ivin- tr)inin- )n! instr#1tion in )-ri1#$t#r)$ )n! ot(er

re$)te! te1(no$o-ies, #sin- t(e $)n! )n! ot(er reso#r1es o% t(e instit#tion )s ) $)*or)tor %or

t(ese pro0e1ts. T(eir entr into t(e $)n! o% t(e CMU +)s +it( t(e per/ission )n! +ritten

1onsent o% t(e o+ner, t(e CMU, %or ) $i/ite! perio! )n! %or ) spe1i%i1 p#rpose. A%ter t(e

epir)tion o% t(eir privi$e-e to o11#p )n! 1#$tiv)te t(e $)n! o% t(e CMU, t(eir 1ontin#e! st)+)s #n)#t(ori>e! )n! t(eir sett$e/ent on t(e CMUs $)n! +)s +it(o#t $e-)$ )#t(orit. A person

enterin- #pon $)n!s o% )not(er, not 1$)i/inin -oo! %)it( t(e ri-(t to !o so * virt#e o% )n

tit$e o% (is o+n, or * virt#e o% so/e )-ree/ent +it( t(e o+ner or +it( one +(o/ (e *e$ieves

(o$!s tit$e to t(e $)n!, is ) s"#)tter. @ S"#)tters 1)nnot enter t(e $)n! o% )not(er s#rreptitio#s$

or * ste)$t(, )n! #n!er t(e #/*re$$) o% t(e CARP, 1$)i/ ri-(ts to s)i! propert )s $)n!$ess

pe)s)nts. Un!er Se1tion 4= o% R.A. 2234, persons -#i$t o% 1o//ittin- pro(i*ite! )1ts o%


24/55

%or1i*$e entr or i$$e-)$ !et)iner !o not "#)$i% )s *ene%i1i)ries )n! /) not )v)i$ t(e/se$ves o%

t(e ri-(ts )n! *ene%its o% )-r)ri)n re%or/. An s#1( person +(o 5no+in-$ )n! +i$%#$$ vio$)tes

t(e )*ove provision o% t(e A1t s()$$ *e p#nis(e! +it( i/prison/ent or %ine )t t(e !is1retion o%

t(e Co#rt.

n vie+ o% t(e )*ove, t(e priv)te respon!ents, not *ein- ten)nts nor proven to *e $)n!$ess

pe)s)nts, 1)nnot "#)$i% )s *ene%i1i)ries #n!er t(e CARP.

T(e "#estione! !e1ision o% t(e A!0#!i1)tion Bo)r!, )%%ir/e! in toto * t(e Co#rt o% Appe)$s,

se-re-)tin- @99 (e1t)res %ro/ t(e CMU $)n! is pri/)ri$ *)se! on t(e )$$e-e! %)1t t()t t(e $)n!

s#*0e1t (ereo% is not !ire1t$, )1t#)$$ )n! e1$#sive$ #se! %or s1(oo$ sites, *e1)#se t(e s)/e

+)s $e)se! to P(i$ippine P)15in- Corpor)tion :no+ De$ Monte P(i$ippines;.

n s#pport o% t(is vie+, t(e Bo)r! (e$! t()t t(e respon!ent Universit %)i$e! to s(o+ t()t it is

#sin- )1t#)$$, re)$$, tr#$ )n! in %)1t, t(e "#estione! )re) to t(e e1$#sion o% ot(ers, nor !i! it

s(o+ t()t t(e s)/e is !ire1t$ #se! +it(o#t )n intervenin- )-en1 or person, 3 )n! t(ere is

no !e%inite )n! 1on1rete s(o+in- t()t t(e #se o% s)i! $)n!s )re essenti)$$ in!ispens)*$e %or

e!#1)tion)$ p#rposes. 2 T(e re$i)n1e * t(e respon!ents Bo)r! )n! Appe$$)te Tri*#n)$ on t(e

te1(ni1)$ or $iter)$ !e%inition %ro/ Morenos P(i$ippine L)+ Di1tion)r )n! B$)15s L)+

Di1tion)r, /) -ive t(e or!in)r re)!er ) 1$)ssroo/ /e)nin- o% t(e p(r)se is )1t#)$$ !ire1t$)n! e1$#sive$, *#t in so !oin- t(e /isse! t(e tr#e /e)nin- o% Se1tion 69, R.A. 2234, )s to

+()t $)n!s )re ee/pte! or e1$#!e! %ro/ t(e 1over)-e o% t(e CARP.

T(e pertinent provisions o% R.A. 2234, ot(er+ise 5no+n )s t(e Co/pre(ensive A-r)ri)n Re%or/

L)+ o% 6788, )re )s %o$$o+s'

Se1. @. SCOPE. T(e Co/pre(ensive A-r)ri)n Re%or/ L)+ o% 6788 s()$$ 1over, re-)r!$ess o%

ten#ri)$ )rr)n-e/ent )n! 1o//o!it pro!#1e!, )$$ p#*$i1 )n! priv)te )-ri1#$t#r)$ $)n!s )s

provi!e! in Pro1$)/)tion No. 6=6 )n! Ee1#tive Or!er No.


25/55

More spe1i%i1)$$, t(e %o$$o+in- $)n!s )re 1overe! * t(e Co/pre(ensive A-r)ri)n Re%or/

Pro-r)/'

:); A$$ )$ien)*$e )n! !ispos)*$e $)n!s o% t(e p#*$i1 !o/)in !evote! to or s#it)*$e %or)-ri1#$t#re. No re1$)ssi%i1)tion o% %orest o% /iner)$ $)n!s to )-ri1#$t#r)$ $)n!s s()$$ *e

#n!ert)5en )%ter t(e )pprov)$ o% t(is A1t #nti$ Con-ress, t)5in- into )11o#nt e1o$o-i1)$,

!eve$op/ent)$ )n! e"#it 1onsi!er)tions, s()$$ ()ve !eter/ine! * $)+, t(e spe1i%i1 $i/its o%

t(e p#*$i1 !o/)in

:*; A$$ $)n!s o% t(e p#*$i1 !o/)in in e1ess o% t(e spe1i%i1 $i/its )! !eter/ine! * Con-ress

in t(e pre1e!in- p)r)-r)p(

:1; A$$ ot(er $)n!s o+ne! * t(e Govern/ent !evote! to or s#it)*$e %or )-ri1#$t#re )n!

:!; A$$ priv)te $)n!s !evote! to or s#it)*$e %or )-ri1#$t#re re-)r!$ess o% t(e )-ri1#$t#r)$

pro!#1ts r)ise! or t()t 1)n *e r)ise! t(ereon.

Se1. 69 EEMPTONS AND ECLUSONS. L)n!s )1t#)$$, !ire1t$ )n! e1$#sive$ #se! )n!

%o#n! to *e ne1ess)r %or p)r5s, +i$!$i%e, %orest reserves, re%orestr)tion, %is( s)n1t#)ries )n!

*ree!in- -ro#n!s, +)ters(e!s )n! /)n-roves, n)tion)$ !e%ense, s1(oo$ sites )n! 1)/p#ses

in1$#!in- eperi/ent)$ %)r/ st)tions oper)te! * p#*$i1 or priv)te s1(oo$s %or e!#1)tion)$

p#rposes, see!s )n! see!$in-s rese)r1( )n! pi$ot pro!#1tion 1enters, 1(#r1( sites )n! 1onvents

)pp#rten)nt t(ereto, /os"#e sites )n! s$)/i1 1enters )pp#rten)nt t(ereto, 1o//#n)$ *#ri)$

-ro#n!s )n! 1e/eteries, pen)$ 1o$onies )n! pen)$ %)r/s )1t#)$$ +or5e! * t(e in/)tes,

-overn/ent )n! priv)te rese)r1( )n! "#)r)ntine 1enters )n! )$$ $)n!s +it( ei-(teen per1ent

:68; s$ope )n! over, e1ept t(ose )$re)! !eve$ope! s()$$ *e ee/pt %ro/ t(e 1over)-e o%

t(is A1t. :E/p()sis s#pp$ie!;.

T(e 1onstr#1tion -iven * t(e DARAB to Se1tion 69 restri1ts t(e $)n! )re) o% t(e CMU to its

present nee!s or to ) $)n! )re) present$, )1tive$ ep$oite! )n! #ti$i>e! * t(e #niversit in

1)rrin- o#t its present e!#1)tion)$ pro-r)/ +it( its present st#!ent pop#$)tion )n! )1)!e/i1


26/55

%)1i$it over$oo5in- t(e ver si-ni%i1)nt %)1tor o% -ro+t( o% t(e #niversit in t(e e)rs to

1o/e. B t(e n)t#re o% t(e CMU, +(i1( is ) s1(oo$ est)*$is(e! to pro/ote )-ri1#$t#re )n!

in!#str, t(e nee! %or ) v)st tr)1t o% )-ri1#$t#r)$ $)n! )n! %or %#t#re pro-r)/s o% ep)nsion is

o*vio#s. At t(e o#tset, t(e CMU +)s 1on1eive! in t(e s)/e /)nner )s $)n! -r)nt 1o$$e-es in

A/eri1), ) tpe o% e!#1)tion)$ instit#tion +(i1( *$)>e! t(e tr)i$ %or t(e !eve$op/ent o% v)sttr)1ts o% #nep$ore! )n! #n!eve$ope! )-ri1#$t#r)$ $)n!s in t(e Mi!?est. ()t +e no+ 5no+

)s Mi1(i-)n St)te Universit, Penn St)te Universit )n! $$inois St)te Universit, st)rte! )s s/)$$

$)n! -r)nt 1o$$e-es, +it( /e)-er %#n!in- to s#pport t(eir ever in1re)sin- e!#1)tion)$ pro-r)/s.

T(e +ere -iven etensive tr)1ts o% )-ri1#$t#r)$ )n! %orest $)n!s to *e !eve$ope! to s#pport

t(eir n#/ero#s ep)n!in- )1tivities in t(e %ie$!s o% )-ri1#$t#r)$ te1(no$o- )n! s1ienti%i1

rese)r1(. F#n!s %or t(e s#pport o% t(e e!#1)tion)$ pro-r)/s o% $)n! -r)nt 1o$$e-es 1)/e %ro/

-overn/ent )ppropri)tion, t#ition )n! ot(er st#!ent %ees, priv)te en!o+/ents )n! -i%ts, )n!

e)rnin-s %ro/ /is1e$$)neo#s so#r1es. 4 t +)s in t(is s)/e spirit t()t Presi!ent G)r1i) iss#e!

Pro1$)/)tion No. @42, +it(!r)+in- %ro/ s)$e or sett$e/ent )n! reservin- %or t(e Min!)n)o

A-ri1#$t#r)$ Co$$e-e :%orer#nner o% t(e CMU; ) $)n! reserv)tion o% =,989 (e1t)res )s its %#t#re

1)/p#s. t +)s set #p in B#5i!non, in t(e (inter$)n!s o% Min!)n)o, in or!er t()t it 1)n ()ve

eno#-( reso#r1es )n! +i!e open sp)1es to -ro+ )s )n )-ri1#$t#r)$ e!#1)tion)$ instit#tion, to

!eve$op )n! tr)in %#t#re %)r/ers o% Min!)n)o )n! (e$p )ttr)1t sett$ers to t()t p)rt o% t(e

1o#ntr.

n $ine +it( its )vo+e! p#rpose )s )n )-ri1#$t#r)$ )n! te1(ni1)$ s1(oo$, t(e Universit )!opte! )

$)n! #ti$i>)tion pro-r)/ to !eve$op )n! ep$oit its =989?(e1t)re $)n! reserv)tion )s %o$$o+s' 8

No. o% He1t)res Per1ent)-e

). Livesto15 )n! P)st#re 6,962.@9 ==

*. Up$)n! Crops 262


27/55

!. rri-)te! ri1e @99.@9 6=

e. )ters(e! )n! %orest reserv)tion =98 69

%. Fr#it )n! Trees Crops 63@ 3

-. A-ri1#$t#r)$

Eperi/ent)$ st)tions 6


28/55

@. Provi!e te1(ni1)$ )ssist)n1e in t(e %or/ o% re$ev)nt $ive$i(oo! pro0e1t spe1i)$ists +(o

s()$$ eten! epertise on s1ienti%i1 /et(o!s o% 1rop pro!#1tion #pon re"#est * P)rt o% t(e

Se1on! P)rt.

n ret#rn %or t(e te1(ni1)$ )ssist)n1e eten!e! * t(e CMU, t(e p)rti1ip)nts in ) pro0e1t p) )

no/in)$ )/o#nt )s servi1e %ee. T(e se$%?re$i)n1e pro-r)/ +)s )!0#n1t to t(e CMUs $o+$)n!

ri1e pro0e1t.

T(e portion o% t(e CMU $)n! $e)se! to t(e P(i$ippine P)15in- Corpor)tion :no+ De$ Monte

P(i$s., n1.; +)s $e)se! $on- *e%ore t(e CARP +)s p)sse!. T(e )-ree/ent +it( t(e P(i$ippine

P)15in- Corpor)tion +)s not ) $e)se *#t ) M)n)-e/ent )n! Deve$op/ent A-ree/ent, ) 0oint

#n!ert)5in- +(ere #se * t(e P(i$ippine P)15in- Corpor)tion o% t(e $)n! +)s p)rt o% t(e CMU

rese)r1( pro-r)/, +it( t(e !ire1t p)rti1ip)tion o% %)1#$t )n! st#!ents. S)i! 1ontr)1ts +it( t(e

P(i$ippine P)15in- Corpor)tion )n! ot(ers o% ) si/i$)r n)t#re :$i5e MM?A-r)p$e; +ere /)!e

prior to t(e en)1t/ent o% R.A. 2234 )n! +ere !ire1t$ 1onne1te! to t(e p#rpose )n! o*0e1tives

o% t(e CMU )s )n e!#1)tion)$ instit#tion. As soon )s t(e o*0e1tives o% t(e )-ree/ent %or t(e

0oint #se o% t(e CMU $)n! +ere )1(ieve! )s o% ne 6788, t(e CMU )!opte! ) *$#e print %or t(e

e1$#sive #se )n! #ti$i>)tion o% s)i! )re)s to 1)rr o#t its o+n rese)r1( )n! )-ri1#$t#r)$

eperi/ents.

As to t(e !eter/in)tion o% +(en )n! +()t $)n!s )re %o#n! to *e ne1ess)r %or #se * t(e CMU,

t(e s1(oo$ is in t(e *est position to reso$ve )n! )ns+er t(e "#estion )n! p)ss #pon t(e

pro*$e/ o% its nee!s in re$)tion to its )vo+e! o*0e1tives %or +(i1( t(e $)n! +)s -iven to it *

t(e St)te. Neit(er t(e DARAB nor t(e Co#rt o% Appe)$s ()s t(e ri-(t to s#*stit#te its 0#!-/ent

or !is1retion on t(is /)tter, #n$ess t(e evi!enti)r %)1ts )re so /)ni%est )s to s(o+ t()t t(e

CMU ()s no re)$ %or t(e $)n!.

t is o#r opinion t()t t(e @99 (e1t)res or!ere! se-re-)te! * t(e DARAB )n! )%%ir/e! * t(e

Co#rt o% Appe)$s in its De1ision !)te! A#-#st


29/55

:


30/55

Se1. 6=. AGRARAN REFORM AD&UDCATON BOARD T(ere is (ere* 1re)te! )n A-r)ri)n

Re%or/ A!0#!i1)tion Bo)r! #n!er t(e o%%i1e o% t(e Se1ret)r. . . . T(e Bo)r! s()$$ )ss#/e t(e

po+ers )n! %#n1tions +it( respe1t to )!0#!i1)tion o% )-r)ri)n re%or/ 1)ses #n!er Ee1#tive

Or!er


31/55

to t(e ri-(ts t(e )re !e/)n!in-, it is )n erroneo#s interpret)tion o% )#t(orit %or t()t "#)si?

0#!i1i)$ *o! to or!er priv)te propert to *e )+)r!e! to %#t#re *ene%i1i)ries. T(e or!er

se-re-)tion @99 (e1t)res o% t(e CMU $)n! +)s iss#e! on ) %in!in- t()t t(e 1o/p$)in)nts )re

not entit$e! )s *ene%i1i)ries, )n! on )n erroneo#s )ss#/ption t()t t(e CMU $)n! +(i1( is

e1$#!e! or ee/pte! #n!er t(e $)+ is s#*0e1t to t(e 1over)-e o% t(e CARP. Goin- *eon!+()t +)s )s5e! * t(e 1o/p$)in)nts +(o +ere not entit$e! to t(e re$ie% pr)e! t(e

1o/p$)in)nts +(o +ere not entit$e! to t(e re$ie% pr)e! %or, 1onstit#tes ) -r)ve )*#se o%

!is1retion *e1)#se it i/p$ies s#1( 1)pri1io#s )n! +(i/si1)$ eer1ise o% 0#!-/ent )s is

e"#iv)$ent to $)15 o% 0#ris!i1tion.

T(e e!#1)tion o% t(e o#t( )n! )-r)ri)n re%or/ )re )!/itte!$ )/on- t(e (i-(est priorities in

t(e -overn/ent so1io?e1ono/i1 pro-r)/s. n t(is 1)se, neit(er nee! -ive +) to t(e ot(er.

Cert)in$, t(ere /#st sti$$ *e v)st tr)1ts o% )-ri1#$t#r)$ $)n! in Min!)n)o o#tsi!e t(e CMU $)n!reserv)tion +(i1( 1)n *e /)!e )v)i$)*$e to $)n!$ess pe)s)nts, )ss#/in- t(e 1$)i/)nts (ere, or

so/e o% t(e/, 1)n "#)$i% )s CARP *ene%i1i)ries. To o#r /in!, t(e t)5in- o% t(e CMU $)n! +(i1(

()! *een se-re-)te! %or e!#1)tion)$ p#rposes %or !istri*#tion to et #n1ert)in *ene%i1i)ries is )

-ross /isinterpret)tion o% t(e )#t(orit )n! 0#ris!i1tion -r)nte! * $)+ to t(e DARAB.

T(e !e1ision in t(is 1)se is o% %)r?re)1(in- si-ni%i1)n1e )s %)r )s it 1on1erns st)te 1o$$e-es )n!

#niversities +(ose reso#r1es )n! rese)r1( %)1i$ities /) *e -r)!#)$$ ero!e! * /is1onstr#in-

t(e ee/ptions %ro/ t(e CARP. T(ese st)te 1o$$e-es )n! #niversities )re t(e /)in ve(i1$es %oro#r s1ienti%i1 )n! te1(no$o-i1)$ )!v)n1e/ent in t(e %ie$! o% )-ri1#$t#re, so vit)$ to t(e eisten1e,

-ro+t( )n! !eve$op/ent o% t(is 1o#ntr.

t is t(e opinion o% t(is Co#rt, in t(e $i-(t o% t(e %ore-oin- )n)$sis )n! %or t(e re)sons in!i1)te!,

t()t t(e evi!en1e is s#%%i1ient to s#st)in ) %in!in- o% -r)ve )*#se o% !is1retion * respon!ents

Co#rt o% Appe)$s )n! DAR A!0#!i1)tion Bo)r!. e (ere* !e1$)re t(e !e1ision o% t(e DARAB

!)te! Septe/*er @, 6787 )n! t(e !e1ision o% t(e Co#rt o% Appe)$s !)te! A#-#st


32/55

G#tierre>, &r., Cr#>, Fe$i1i)no, P)!i$$), Bi!in, Grio?A"#ino, Me!i)$!e), Re-)$)!o, D)vi!e, &r.,

Ro/ero, No1on, )n! Me$o, &&., 1on1#r.

Be$$osi$$o, &., too5 no p)rt.

N)rv)s), C.&., is on $e)ve.

FRST DKSON

IG.R. No. 667988. ne =9,


33/55

Respon!ent spo#ses Epi%)nio )n! Ce1i$i) A$)no ret)ine! t(e $e-)$ servi1es o% petitioner Att.

Z)i!) R#* S. A$*erto to represent t(e/ *e%ore t(e Se1#rities )n! E1()n-e Co//ission :SEC;

in )n )1tion to re1over re)$ properties, /one )n! ot(er )ssets t()t /) pert)in to t(e/ *

virt#e o% t(eir sto15(o$!in-s in t(e N)t)$i) Re)$t, n1. Bot( p)rties %or/)$i>e! t(eir 1on%or/it

in ) ret)iner )-ree/ent= IAnne A, Ro$$o, p. =4.J t(e s)$ient %e)t#re o% +(i1( is %or

respon!ent?spo#ses to p) petitioner on ) 1ontin-ent *)sis t(e %o$$o+in-' ); t(e e"#iv)$ent in

5in! o% ten per1ent :69; o% +()tever re)$ est)te /) *e )+)r!e!, )n! *; t(e s#/ o% T+o

H#n!re! T(o#s)n! Pesos :P


34/55

HEREFORE, 0#!-/ent is (ere* ren!ere! %or t(e p$)inti%% )n! )-)inst !e%en!)nt?spo#ses'

6.....De1$)rin- p$)inti%% entit$e! to ten per1ent :69; e"#iv)$ent to t(ree )n! ) ()$% := 6)$ 1overe! * Tr)ns%er Certi%i1)te o% Tit$e No. =63)$ Tr)ns%er Certi%i1)te o% Tit$e No. 248@3 iss#e! * t(e Re-ister o%

Dee!s o% Ri>)$, M)ri5in) Br)n1( )s +e$$ )s t(ose s#*!ivision $ots 1erti%i1)tes o% tit$e :se-re-)te!

%ro/ Tr)ns%er Certi%i1)te o% Tit$e No. =63)$, M)ri5in)

Br)n1( n#/*ere! )s %o$$o+s'

:LSTNG OF TTLES OMTTED;

)n! or!erin- !e%en!)nt?spo#ses to tr)ns%er, 1e!e, )ssi-n )n! !e$iver t(e s)/e to t(e p$)inti%%

)n!,


35/55

:!;....P69,999.99 )s )ttornes %ees )n! $iti-)tion epenses, )$$ t(ree :=; %ore-oin- )/o#nts +it(

interest o% 6


36/55

T(e %irst )ssi-ne! error is !evoi! o% s#st)in)*$e *)sis. e$$?sett$e! is t(e r#$e t()t in reso$vin- )

/otion to !is/iss on t(e -ro#n! o% %)i$#re to st)te ) 1)#se o% )1tion, on$ t(e )ver/ents o% t(e

1o/p$)int, )n! no ot(er, )re to *e 1ons#$te!. Etr)neo#s /)tters )re irre$ev)nt. e )-ree +it(

t(e tri)$ 1o#rt, )s opine! in its O/ni*#s Or!er #n!er )tt)15, t()t t(e Dee! o% S)$e, )tt)1(e! to

t(e Se1on! A/en!e! Co/p$)int )s Anne C, +)s ee1#te! *e%ore t(e %i$in- o% t(e 1o/p$)int%or )ttornes %ees in C.C. No. 349


37/55

provision o% Art. 6=74 o% t(e Ne+ Civi$ Co!e ?? t()t T(e )1tion %or )nn#$/ent o% 1ontr)1t /)

*e instit#te! * )$$ t(ose +(o )re t(ere* o*$i-e! prin1ip)$$ or s#*si!i)ri$.

A$t(o#-( t(e )%ore1ite! $e-)$ provision in point )!/its o% )n e1eption, )s +(en ) person not )p)rt to t(e 1ontr)1t 1o#$! s(o+ t()t (e +o#$! s#%%er !)/)-e or in0#r * re)son o% t(e

1ontr)1t, in 1onne1tion +it( )t $e)st one o% t(e 1ontr)1tin- p)rties, e )-ree +it( t(e

$o+er 1o#rt t()t t(e 1)se o% )ppe$$)nt (ere is not +it(in t(e 1onte/p$)tion o% Arti1$e 6=74

s#pr). So )$so, )s pointe! o#t * )ppe$$ees, t(ere is no )$$e-)tion in t(e Se1on! A/en!e!

Co/p$)int t()t )ppe$$)nt pro1ee!e! +it( t(e ee1#tion o% t(e De1ision o% t(e P)si- 1o#rt in

Civi$ C)se No. 349


38/55

Petitioner s#*/its t()t t(e Co#rt o% Appe)$s erre! in r#$in- t()t s(e ()! no $e-)$ ri-(t or

person)$it to )ss)i$ t(e !ee! o% s)$e *et+een N)t)$i) Re)$t, n1. )n! Yo$)n!) P. A$)no69

IPetition, Ro$$o, p. 69.J )s s(e +)s ) str)n-er to t(e 1ontr)1t so#-(t to *e )nn#$$e!, (en1e

+it(o#t s#%%i1ient 1)#se o% )1tion.

T(is 1ontention is i/presse! +it( /erit. n P)r))"#e in-s Enterprises, n1. v. Co#rt o%

Appe)$s,66 I


39/55

o*$i-)tion to (onor )n! not to vio$)te t(e provisions o% t(e ret)iner )-ree/ent it entere! into

+it( petitioner. Un%ort#n)te$, respon!ent?spo#ses *re)1(e! t(eir o*$i-)tion #n!er t(e

ret)iner )-ree/ent +(en t(e re%#se! )n! %)i$e! to p) petitioners )ttornes %ees in

)11or!)n1e +it( t(eir )-ree/ent. orse, +(en petitioner /ove! %or t(e iss#)n1e o% ) +rit o%

ee1#tion, s(e !is1overe! to (er !is/) t()t respon!ent?spo#ses ()! no /ore $evi)*$eproperties e1ept ) %e+ person)$ properties )/o#ntin- to on$ P=,399.99. n %)1t, * /)5in- it

)ppe)r t()t it +)s N)t)$i) Re)$t, n1. +(i1( so$! respon!ent?spo#ses


40/55

n Cit o% Ce*# v. Co#rt o% Appe)$s63 IS#pr).J t(is Co#rt (e$! t(#s ?

n t(e 1)se o% T)n v. Dire1tor o% Forestr :6


41/55

)!!ition, t(o#-( not )tt)1(/ents to t(e 1o/p$)int, 1$)ri% its /erits sin1e t(e )re )$re)! p)rt

o% t(e re1or!s o% t(e 1)se )n! s(o#$! t(ere%ore *e 1onsi!ere!.

()t t(is Co#rt %in!s #n#s#)$ is t(e ti/in- o% t(e s)$e )n! t(e re)son +( t(e s()re o% t(erespon!ent?spo#ses )s p)rt o% t(e sett$e/ent t(e ()! +it( N)t)$i) Re)$t, n1. ()! to *e so$!

to t(eir !)#-(ter Yo$)n!) P. A$)no * t(e s)i! 1orpor)tion. T(ese "#estions i//e!i)te$

/)ni%este! t(e/se$ves %ro/ ) re)!in- o% t(e t+o !o1#/ents )tt)1(e! to t(e se1on! A/en!e!

Co/p$)int. T(e ret)iner )-ree/ent provi!e!, t(#s'

T(is is to 1on%ir/ in +ritin- o#r )-ree/ent to ret)in o#r $e-)$ servi1es to represent #s in t(e

Se1#rities )n! E1()n-e Co//ission, )n! #nti$ t(e S#pre/e Co#rt, i% ne1ess)r, in o#r )1tion to

re1over +()tever re)$ properties, /ones, )n! ot(er )ssets, p$#s !)/)-es, )s /) *e !#e orpert)in to #s * re)son o% o#r sto15(o$!in-s in t(e N)t)$i) Re)$t, n1. #n!er t(e %o$$o+in-

ter/s )n! 1on!itions'

............................. ............................. . :E/p()sis s#pp$ie!;

T(e )*ove )-ree/ent res#$te! in t(e %i$in- o% SEC C)se No. =93@, %or $i"#i!)tion, )11o#ntin- )n!

!)/)-es, +it( pre$i/in)r in0#n1tion )-)inst E#-enio S. B)$t)o )n! %ive ot(ers o% t(e N)t)$i)

Re)$t, n1.

App)rent$, on De1e/*er


42/55

Ans+er to nterro-)tories o% P$)inti%%, +o#$! reve)$ t()t t(ere )re not eno#-( p)r1e$s o% $)n! to

s)tis% petitioners )ttornes %ees. n t(e Ans+er to t(e nterro-)tories o% P$)inti%%, it +)s

!is1$ose! t()t t(e re/)inin- 6< (e1t)res o% $)n! o#t o% t(e =3 (e1t)res )+)r!e! to respon!ent?

spo#ses +ere )$re)! 1e!e! to Att. Antonio R)"#i>), respon!ent?spo#ses %or/er $)+er. T(is

on$ stren-t(ens )n! $en!s 1re!en1e to t(e s#spi1ion t()t respon!ent?spo#ses inten!e! to!e%r)#! petitioner o% (er )ttornes %ees )n! t()t t(e Dee! o% S)$e +)s in!ee! si/#$)te!.

n )n 1)se, t(is Co#rt ()s (e$! t()t +(ere t(e )$$e-)tions in t(e 1o/p$)int )re )/*i-#o#s,

in!e%inite or #n1ert)in *#t, nevert(e$ess, ) 1)#se o% )1tion 1)n, in )n /)nner, *e /)!e o#t

t(ere%ro/, )n! t(e p$)inti%% +o#$! *e entit$e! to re1over in )n )spe1t o% t(e %)1ts or )n

1o/*in)tion o% t(e %)1ts )$$e-e!, i% t(e +ere to *e prove!, t(en t(e /otion to !is/iss s(o#$!

*e !enie!.64 IS#/#$on-, et )$. v. Co#rt o% Appe)$s, et )$.,


43/55

t(e inst)n1e o% s)i! respon!ent spo#ses, !ire1t$ tr)ns%erre! to t(eir 1re!itor, Antonio R)"#i>),

* N)t)$i) Re)$t, n1., )n! t()t t(e re/)inin- )re) !#e t(e respon!ent spo#ses +)s ro#n!e!

o%% to


44/55

!;....An )1tion %or p)rtition )n!

e;....An ot(er pro1ee!in-s o% )n 5in! in Co#rt !ire1t$ )%%e1tin- t(e tit$e to t(e $)n! or t(e #se

or o11#p)tion t(ereo% or t(e *#i$!in-s t(ereon. :t)$i1s s#pp$ie!;

Gr)ntin- t()t petitioners )1tion is not, )1t#)$$, one !ire1t$ )%%e1tin- tit$e to or possession o%

re)$ propert, sti$$, in t(e Kie+/)ster 1)se, t(e per1eption o% t(is Co#rt is t()t t(e r#$e o% $is

pen!ens $i5e+ise pert)ine! to t(e %o$$o+in-'

)$$ s#its or )1tions +(i1( !ire1t$ )%%e1t re)$ propert )n! not on$ t(ose +(i1( invo$ve t(e

"#estion o% tit$e, *#t )$so t(ose +(i1( )re *ro#-(t to est)*$is( )n e"#it)*$e est)te, interest, or

ri-(t, in spe1i%i1 re)$ propert or to en%or1e )n $ien, 1()r-e, or en1#/*r)n1e )-)inst it, t(ere

*ein- in so/e 1)ses ) $is pen!ens, )$t(o#-( )t t(e 1o//en1e/ent o% t(e s#it t(ere is no

present veste! interest, 1$)i/, or $ien in or on t(e propert +(i1( it see5s to 1()r-e. t ()s )$so

*een (e$! to )pp$ in t(e 1)se o% ) pro1ee!in- to !e1$)re )n )*so$#te !ee! o% /ort-)-e, or to

re!ee/ %ro/ ) %ore1$os#re s)$e, or to est)*$is( ) tr#st, or to s#its %or t(e sett$e/ent )n!

)!0#st/ent o% p)rtners(ip interests. :t)$i1s s#pp$ie!;

n t(is 1)se, petitioner 1$)i/e! )n interest or ri-(t in t(e propert spe1i%i1)$$ s#*0e1t o% t(e

)$$e-e! si/#$)te! s)$e. n %)1t, t(e o*0e1t o% t(e 1o/p$)int is not on$ to en%or1e ) $ien or

en1#/*r)n1e )-)inst t(e s#*0e1t propert *#t to en%or1e ) v)$i! 1$)i/ )s 1$e)r$ s(o+n in t(e

pr)er.

Keri$, petitioners pr)er in (er se1on! A/en!e! Co/p$)int is /ore t()n )!e"#)te to 0#sti%

t(e re-istr)tion o% ) noti1e o% $is pen!ens +(en it pr)e! %or t(e %o$$o+in- re$ie%s'

:);....De1$)rin- t(e !ee! o% s)$e ee1#te! * De%en!)nt N)t)$i) Re)$t n1. in %)vor o%

De%en!)nt Yo$)n!) P. A$)no, Anne C o% t(is 1o/p$)int, n#$$ )n! voi! )* initio )s +e$$ )s t(e


45/55

1orrespon!in- tr)ns%er 1erti%i1)tes o% tit$e iss#e! * t(e Re-ister o% Dee!s %or M)ri5in), Metro

M)ni$), in t(e n)/e o% De%en!)nt Yo$)n!) P. A$)no )s ) 1onse"#en1e o% t(e s)/e, )s %o$$o+s'

Tr)ns%er Certi%i1)te o% Tit$e

Boo5 No.

No. 648347

T?876

Nos. 62


46/55

T?89=

T?89@

Nos. 643@9@ to

T?843

643@== in1$#sive

:*;....Or!erin- !e%en!)nts to tr)ns%er, 1e!e )n! )ssi-n to p$)inti%%


47/55

t(e )*ove?/entione! Tr)ns%er Certi%i1)tes o% Tit$e 1overin-


48/55

SO ORDERED.

D)vi!e, &r., C.&., :C()ir/)n;, P#no, )p#n)n, )n! P)r!o, &&., 1on1#r.

EN BANC

IG.R. No. 7=699. ne 67, 6774J

ATLAS FERTLZER CORPORATON, petitioner, vs. THE HONORABLE SECRETARY OF THE

DEPARTMENT OF AGRARAN REFORM, respon!ent.

IG.R. No. 74833. ne 67, 6774J

PHLPPNE FEDERATON OF FSHFARM PRODUCERS, NC., petitioner, vs. THE HONORABLE

SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRARAN REFORM, respon!ent.

R E S O L U T O N

ROMERO, &.'

Be%ore t(is Co#rt )re 1onso$i!)te! petitions "#estionin- t(e 1onstit#tion)$it o% so/e portions

o% Rep#*$i1 A1t No. 2234 ot(er+ise 5no+n )s t(e Co/pre(ensive A-r)ri)n Re%or/ L)+.I6J

Petitioners At$)s Ferti$i>er Corpor)tion,I


49/55

Petitioners 1$)i/ t()t t(e "#estione! provisions o% CARL vio$)te t(e Constit#tion in t(e

%o$$o+in- /)nner'

6. Se1tions = :*;, 66, 6=, 62 :!;, 64 )n! =< o% CARL eten! )-r)ri)n re%or/ to )"#)1#$t#re $)n!seven )s Se1tion @, Arti1$e o% t(e 1onstit#tion $i/its )-r)ri)n re%or/ on$ to )-ri1#$t#re $)n!s.


50/55

n t(eir %irst )r-#/ent, petitioners 1onten! t()t in t(e 1)se o% L#> F)r/s, n1. v. Se1ret)r o%

A-r)ri)n Re%or/,I3J t(is Co#rt ()s )$re)! r#$e! i/p$ie!$ t()t $)n!s !evote! to %is(in- )re not

)-ri1#$t#re $)n!s. n )"#)1#$t#re, %is(pon!s )n! pr)+n %)r/s, t(e #se o% $)n! is on$ in1i!ent)$

to )n! not t(e prin1ip)$ %)1tor in pro!#1tivit )n!, (en1e, )s (e$! in L#> F)r/s,V t(e too

s(o#$! *e e1$#!e! %ro/ R.A. 2234 0#st )s $)n!s !evote! to $ivesto15, s+ine, )n! po#$tr ()ve*een e1$#!e! %or t(e s)/e re)son. T(e )$so )r-#e t()t t(e )re entit$e! to t(e %#$$ *ene%it o%

L#> F)r/sV to t(e e%%e1t t()t on$ %ive per1ent o% t(e tot)$ invest/ent in )"#)1#$t#re )1tivities,

%is(pon!s, )n! pr)+n %)r/s, is in t(e %or/ o% $)n!, )n! t(ere%ore, 1)nnot *e 1$)ssi%ie! )s

)-ri1#$t#r)$ )1tivit. F#rt(er, t()t in %is(pon!s )n! pr)+n %)r/s, t(ere )re no %)r/ers, nor %)r/

+or5ers, +(o ti$$ $)n!s, )n! no )-r)ri)n #nrest, )n! t(ere%ore, t(e 1onstit#tion)$$ inten!e!

*ene%i1i)ries #n!er Se1tion @, Art. , 6784 Constit#tion !o not eist in )"#)1#$t#re.

n t(eir se1on! )r-#/ent, t(e 1onten! t()t R.A. 2234, * in1$#!inin its 1over)-e, t(e r)isin-o% %is( )n! )"#)1#$t#re oper)tions in1$#!in- %is(pon!s )n! pr)+n pon!s, tre)tin- t(e/ )s in

t(e s)/e 1$)ss or 1$)ssi%i1)tion )s )-ri1#$t#re or %)r/in- vio$)tes t(e e"#)$ prote1tion 1$)#se o%

t(e Constit#tion )n! is, t(ere%ore, voi!. F#rt(er, t(e Constit#tion)$ Co//ission !e*)tes s(o+

t()t t(e intent o% t(e 1onstit#tion)$ %r)/ers is to e1$#!e in!#stri)$V $)n!s, to +(i1( 1)te-or

$)n!s !evote! to )"#)1#$t#re, %is(pon!s, )n! %is( %)r/s *e$on-.

Petitioners )$so 1$)i/ t()t A!/inistr)tive Or!er Nos. 8 )n! 69 iss#e! * t(e Se1ret)r o% t(e

Dep)rt/ent o% A-r)ri)n Re%or/ )re, $i5e+ise, #n1onstit#tion)$, )s (e$! in L#> F)r/s,V )n! )ret(ere%ore voi! )s t(e i/p$e/ent t(e )ss)i$e! provisions o% CARL.

T(e provisions o% CARL *ein- )ss)i$e! )s #n1onstit#tion)$ )re )s %o$$o+s'

:); Se1tion =:*; +(i1( in1$#!es t(e r)isin- o% %is( in t(e !e%inition o% A-ri1#$t#r)$,

A-ri1#$t#r)$ Enterprise or A-ri1#$t#r)$ A1tivit.V :Un!ers1orin- S#pp$ie!;

:*; Se1tion 66 +(i1( !e%ines 1o//er1i)$ %)r/sV )s priv)te )-ri1#$t#r)$ $)n!s !evote! to

%is(pon!s )n! pr)+n pon!s .V :Un!ers1orin- S#pp$ie!;


51/55

:1; Se1tion 6= +(i1( 1)$$s #pon petitioner to ee1#te ) pro!#1tion?s()rin- p$)n.

:!; Se1tion 62 :!; )n! 64 +(i1( vest on t(e Dep)rt/ent o% A-r)ri)n re%or/ t(e )#t(orit to

s#//)ri$ !eter/ine t(e 0#st 1o/pens)tion to *e p)i! %or $)n!s 1overe! * t(e 1o/pre(ensiveA-r)ri)n re%or/ L)+.

:e; Se1tion =< +(i1( spe$$s o#t t(e pro!#1tion?s()rin- p$)n /entione! in Se1tion 6=?

:;(ere* t(ree per1ent :=; o% t(e -ross s)$es %ro/ t(e pro!#1tion o% s#1( $)n!s )re

!istri*#te! +it(in sit :29; !)s )t t(e en! o% t(e %is1)$ e)r )s 1o/pens)tion to re-#$)r )n!

ot(er %)r/+or5ers in s#1( $)n!s over )n! )*ove t(e 1o/pens)tion t(e 1#rrent$ re1eive'

Provi!e!, T()t t(ese in!ivi!#)$s or entities re)$i>e -ross s)$es in e1ess o% %ive /i$$ion pesos per

)nn#/ #n$ess t(e DAR, #pon proper )pp$i1)tion, !eter/ines ) $o+er 1ei$in-.

n t(e event t()t t(e in!ivi!#)$ or entit re)$i>es ) pro%it, )n )!!ition)$ ten per1ent :69; o% t(e

net pro%it )%ter t) s()$$ *e !istri*#te! to s)i! re-#$)r )n! ot(er %)r/+or5ers +it(in ninet :79;

!)s o% t(e en! o% t(e %is1)$ e)r. V

(i$e t(e Co#rt +i$$ not (esit)te to !e1$)re ) $)+ or )n )1t voi! +(en 1on%ronte! s"#)re$ +it(

1onstit#tion)$ iss#es, neit(er +i$$ it pree/pt t(e Le-is$)tive )n! t(e Ee1#tive *r)n1(es o% t(e

-overn/ent in 1orre1tin- or 1$)ri%in-, * /e)ns o% )/en!/ent, s)i! $)+ or )1t. On Fe*r#)r


52/55

:*; A-ri1#$t#re, A-ri1#$t#r)$ Enterprise or A-ri1#$t#r)$ A1tivit /e)ns t(e 1#$tiv)tion o% t(e soi$,

p$)ntin- o% 1rops, -ro+in- o% %r#it trees, in1$#!in- t(e ()rvestin- o% s#1( %)r/ pro!#1ts )n!

ot(er %)r/ )1tivities )n! pr)1ti1es per%or/e! * ) %)r/er in 1on0#n1tion +it( s#1( %)r/in-

oper)tions !one * persons +(et(er n)t#r)$ or 0#ri!i1)$.V

Se1.


53/55

Se1. =. Se1tion 66, p)r)-r)p( 6 is (ere* )/en!e! to re)! )s %o$$o+s'

Se1. 66. Co//er1i)$ F)r/in-.?? Co//er1i)$ F)r/s, +(i1( )re priv)te )-ri1#$t#r)$ $)n!s

!evote! to s)$t *e!s, %r#it %)r/s, or1()r!s, ve-et)*$e )n! 1#t?%$o+er %)r/s, )n! 1)1)o, 1o%%ee

)n! r#**er p$)nt)tions, s()$$ *e s#*0e1t to i//e!i)te 1o/p#$sor )1"#isition )n! !istri*#tion

)%ter ten :69; e)rs %ro/ t(e e%%e1tivit o% t(is A1t. n t(e 1)se o% ne+ %)r/s, t(e ten?e)r

perio! s()$$ *e-in %ro/ t(e %irst e)r o% 1o//er1i)$ pro!#1tion )n! oper)tion, )s !eter/ine!

* t(e DAR. D#rin- t(e ten?e)r perio!, t(e Govern/ent s()$$ initi)te steps ne1ess)r to

)1"#ire t(ese $)n!s, #pon p)/ent o% 0#st 1o/pens)tion %or t(e $)n! )n! t(e i/prove/ents

t(ereon, pre%er)*$ in %)vor o% or-)ni>e! 1ooper)tives or )sso1i)tions, +(i1( s()$$ t(ere)%ter

/)n)-e t(e s)i! $)n!s %or t(e +or5ers?*ene%i1i)ries.V

Se1. @. T(ere s()$$ *e in1orpor)te! )%ter Se1tion =< o% Rep#*$i1 A1t No. 2234 ) se1tion to re)!

)s %o$$o+s'

Se1. =


54/55

T(e )*ove?/entione! provisions o% R.A. No. 4886 epress$ st)te t()t %is(pon!s )n! pr)+n

%)r/s )re e1$#!e! %ro/ t(e 1over)-e o% CARL. n vie+ o% t(e %ore-oin-, t(e "#estion

1on1ernin- t(e 1onstit#tion)$it o% t(e )ss)i$e! provisions ()s *e1o/e /oot )n! )1)!e/i1 +it(

t(e p)ss)-e o% R.A. No. 4886.

HEREFORE, t(e petition is (ere* DSMSSED.

SO ORDERED.

N)rv)s), C.&., Re-)$)!o, D)vi!e, &r., Me$o, P#no, Kit#-, Men!o>), Her/osisi/), &r., P)n-)ni*)n,

)n! Torres, &r., &&., 1on1#r.

P)!i$$), Be$$osi$$o, )p#n)n, )n! Fr)n1is1o, &&., on $e)ve.

I6J Herein re%erre! to )s CARL.

I


55/55

I2J An A1t A/en!in- Cert)in Provisions o% Rep#*$i1 A1t No. 2234, Entit$e! An A1t nstit#tin- A

Co/pre(ensive A-r)ri)n Re%or/ Pro-r)/ To Pro/ote So1i)$ sti1e An! n!#stri)$i>)tion,

Provi!in- T(e Me1()nis/ For ts /p$e/ent)tion, An! For Ot(er P#rposes.

social legislation finals

Documents