SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS

WHAT IS A SOCIAL

INSTITUTION?

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS - is a group of social

positions, connected by social relations, performing a social role.

- it can also be defined in a narrow sense as any institution in a society that works to socialize the groups of people in it.

Social Institutions Examples:

UniversitiesGovernmentsFamiliesand any people or groups

that you have social interactions with.

CHARACTERISTIC and FUNCTIONS of an INSTITUTION

1.Institutions are purposive.2.They are relatively

permanent in their content.3.Institutions are structured.4.Institutions are a unified.5. institutions are necessary

value-laden.

Institutions have various functions as follows:

1.Institutions simplify social behavior for the individual person. The ways of thinking and even acting have become largely regularized and prearranged for the individual before he enters in society . Social institutions provide every child with all the needed social and cultural mechanisms through which he can grow socially.

Institutions have various functions as follows:

2. Institution, therefore, provide ready- made forms of social relations and social roles for the individual. The principal roles are not invented by the individuals, they are provided by the institutions.

3. Institutions also act as agencies of coordination and stability for the total culture. The ways of thinking and behaving that are institutionalized “MAKE SENSE” to people.

Institutions have various functions as follows:

4. Institutions tend to control behavior. They contain the systematic expectations of the society. Group behavior is often subconsciously fixed through constant repetition an where there is a need for planning, the group can easily ascertain from its institutions the normal modes, trends and procedures.

Five major social institutions:

Family Education Religion Economics Government

1.Family- is the smallest social

institution with the unique function or producing and rearing the young.

Characteristics of the Filipino Family The family is closely knit and strong family ties. The Filipino family is usually an extended one and therefore, big.In the Filipino family , kinship ties are extended to include the “COMPADRE” or SPONSORS. In the Asian family, a great difference exists in the roles of man and woman. A woman’s position is in the home and society is much lower than that of man

What are the functions of the

FAMILY?

Functions of the FAMILY

1.Reproduction of the race and rearing of the young

2. Cultural transmission or enculturation3.Socialization of the child4.Providing affection and a sense of

security5.Providing the environment for

personality development and the growth of self-concept in relation to others.

6. Providing social status

Kinds of Family PatternsSociologist classified the diff. family

pattern there are:

Membership Residence

nuclear neolocal

extended matrilocal patrilocal

Authority Descent patrialchal bilineal matrialchal patrilineal

equilitarian matrilineal

The family may be classified in diff. ways;Accg. to structure:

* Conjugal or nuclear family -is the primary or elementary

family consisting of husband , wife and children.

* Consanguine or extended family- it consist of married couple.

Their parents, siblings, grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins.

Accg. to terms of marriage, there is monogamy and polygamy

3 types of polygamy* Polyandry

- where one woman is married to two or more men at the same time.

* Polygamy - where one man is married

to two or more women at the same time.

* Cenogamy - where two or more men mate with two or more women in group marriage.

As to line in Descent;

* Patrilineal- when the descent is recognized

through the father’s line.* Matrilineal

- when the descent is recognized through the mother’s

line.* Bilineal

- when the descent is recognized through father’s and mother’s line.

Accg. to place of residence;

* Patrilocal- when the newly married couple

lives with the parents of husband.*Matrilocal

- when the newly married couple lives with the parents of wife.*Neolocal

- when the newly married pair maintains a separate household and live by themselves.

With reference to authority (who is considered head);

* Patrialchal-when the father is considered the

head and plays a dominant role.*Matrialchal

- when the mother or female is the head and makes the major decisions.*Equilitarian

-when both father and mother share in making decisions and are equal in authority.

2. EDUCATION

EDUCATION

-the basic purpose of education is the transmission of knowledge. While before education was a family responsibility, along with the community and the church, industrialization changed dramatically.

What are the functions

of SCHOOL?

McNergney and Herbert(2001) described the SCHOOL as the first and foremost a social institution, that is an established organization having an identifiable structure and a set of functions meant o preserve and extend social order. As such its primary function is to move young people in the mainstream of society.

The currricula, teaching ,process of evaluation and relationships among people reinforce a public image to which young people are expected to aspire. His image is concerned with preserving our heritage, adapting to social change and making change happen where it is needed. The school is a place for the contemplation of reality, and our task as teachers in simplest terms is to show this reality to our students, who are naturally eager about them.

At home, we teach reality to children in a profound personal, informal and unstructured way.

In school , we teach reality in professional, formal and structured way. Hence, in school there is a set of curriculum which includes knowledge subjects, skills subjects and enabling subjects

There are teachers who facilitate learning, who teach children and youth certain types of acceptable behavior and sees to it that children develop in all aspects:

physicallyEmotionallySocially andAcademically

The INTELLECTUAL purposes of schooling include the ff.:

to teach basic cognitive skills such as reading, writing and mathematics;

to transmit specific knowledge and

to help students acquire higher –order thinking skills such as analysis, evaluation and synthesis.

The POLITICAL purposes of schooling are:

to inculcate allegiance to the existing political order (patriotism);

to prepare citizens who will participate in the political order ;

to help assimilate diverse cultural groups into a common political order and

to teach children basic laws of society.

The SOCIAL purposes of schooling are:

to socialize children into the various roles, behavior and values of society to help solve social problems.

The ECONOMIC purposes of schooling are:

to prepare students for their later occupational roles; to select train and allocate individuals into the division of labor,

In a paper “Multiplicity of School Functions in the New Century” presented at the conference jointly organized by Educational Research Association Singapore and Australian Association for Research in Education, Yin Cheong Cheng (1996) suggested that there are multiple school functions including technical/ economic functions, human/social, political, cultural, educational functions

TECHNICAL/ ECONOMIC FUNCTIONS☺At the individual level, school can help students to acquire knowledge and skills necessary to survive and compete in a modern society or a competitive economy and provide staff job training and opportunity.☺ At the institutional level, schools are service organizations providing quality service, also they serve as a life place or a work place of society for clients, employers and all those concerned.☺At the community and society level, school serve the economic or instrumental needs of the local community, supply quality labors forces to the economic system, modify or shape economic behaviors or students.☺ At the international level, school education supplies the high quality forces necessary in international competitions, economic cooperation, earth protection, tech. and information exchange.

HUMAN/ SOCIAL FUNCTIONS☺At the individual level, schools help develop students to develop themselves psychologically, socially and physically, and help them develop their potential as fully as possible.☺At the institutional level, a school is a social entity or social system composed of diff. human relationships. Therefore one of the important school functions is to provide the environment of quality.☺ At the community and society, accg. to the perspective of functionalism, school serve the social needs or functions of the local community, support social integration of multiple and diverse constituencies of society.☺At the international level, such that both the local and international community can benefit in the long run.

POLITICAL FUNCTIONS☺ At the individual level, schools help students to develop positive civic attitudes and skills to exercise the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.☺At the international level, schools act as a place for systematically socializing students into a set of political norms, values and beliefs or for critically discussing and reflecting on the existing political events.☺ At the community and society level, schools play an important role to serve the political needs to the local community, maintain the stability of the political structure, promote awareness and movement of democracy, and facilitate the planned political dev. changes.

CULTURAL FUNCTIONS☺ At the individual level, schools help students to develop their creativity and aesthetic awareness and to be socialized w/ the successful norms, values and beliefs of society.☺ At the institutional level, schools act as a place for systematic cultural transmission to and reproduction of the next generation.☺At the community and society level, schools often serve as cultural unit carrying the explicit norms and expectations of the local community.☺At the international level, schools can encourage appreciation of cultural diversity and acceptance of diff. norms, traditions, values and belies in diff. countries and regions and finally contribute to the dev. of global culture through integration of diff. cultures.

EDUCATION FUNCTIONS☺ At the individual level, it is important for schools to help students to learn how to learn and help teachers to learn how to teach. Also, facilitating teachers’ professional dev. is one of the key functions of this level.☺ At the institutional level, schools serve as a systematic place for systematic learning, teaching, and disseminating knowledge, and as a center for systematically experimenting and implementing educational changes and dev.☺ At the community and society, schools provide service for diff. educational needs of the local community.☺ At the international, school can make an important contribution to education for the whole world

Are you aware of the manifest

and latent functions of education?

The manifest functions of education are defined as the open an intended goals or consequences of activities w/in an organization or institution. There are six major manifest functions of education in society :1. Socialization2. Social control3. Social placement 4. Transmitting culture5. Promoting social and political

integration6. Agent of change

In addition to manifest functions all social institutions, including education , have some latent functions, the hidden, unstated and sometimes unintended consequences of activities w/in an organization or institution.

These LATENT FUNCTIONS are:1. Restricting some activities2. Matchmaking and production of social

networks3. Creation of generation gap

The functions of schools as stated by CALDERON(1998) are as follows:

1. Conservation function2. Instructional function

3. Research function4. Social service function

3. RELIGION- is the socially defined patterns of beliefs

concerning the ultimate meaning of life; it assumes the existence of the supernatural (STARK)