social determinants of health: living and working conditions · social determinants of health:...

Northern Saskatchewan

Health Indicators

August 2016

Social Determinants

of Health:

Living and Working Conditions

Northern Saskatchewan Health Indicators

Social Determinants of Health: Living and Working Conditions August, 2016 2

Table of Contents

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 2

Key Messages .......................................................................................................................................................... 3

Determinants of Health ...................................................................................................................................... 5

Living and Working Conditions by Health Authority .............................................................................. 7

Living and Working Conditions by Community ..................................................................................... 15

Appendix A – Data Notes ................................................................................................................................. 25

1. Data Sources ........................................................................................................................................... 25

2. Definitions ............................................................................................................................................... 25

3. NHS Global Non-response Rate (GNRs) and Data Suppression, 2011 ............................. 28

4. Data Suppression for Northern Saskatchewan Census Subdivisions, 2011 Census of

Population ......................................................................................................................................................... 30

Appendix B – Glossary of Acronyms ........................................................................................................... 31

Appendix C – Index of Figures ...................................................................................................................... 32

Appendix D - References ................................................................................................................................. 33

Refer to A Guide to the Reports: Understanding the Presentation of Data for an explanation of the variety of

ways data is presented.

Suggested reference: Irvine J, Quinn B. Northern Saskatchewan Health Indicators, Social Determinants of

Health: Living and Working Conditions. Athabasca Health Authority, Keewatin Yatthé Health Region and

Mamawetan Churchill River Health Region. Population Health Unit, La Ronge, 2016.

Copies of this document and related reports can be downloaded from the Population Health Unit website

www.pophealthnorthsask.ca

http://www.pophealthnorthsask.ca/



Key Messages

Income

Median after-tax income in those aged 15 years and over in northern Saskatchewan in 2010 was

$16,860, around 40% lower than the province as a whole.

The proportion of total income coming from government transfers in northern Saskatchewan

health authorities ranges from 18.7 to 28%, compared to 11.5 to 12.4% in Saskatchewan and

Canada, respectively.

The northern health authorities have greater proportions of their populations in the first two

adjusted after-tax Canadian family income deciles, and smaller proportions of their populations

in the last six deciles compared to either Saskatchewan or Canada, who have very similar

proportions. Overall, this indicates that a greater proportion of northerners have much lower

income levels then their provincial and national counterparts.

The prevalence of low income in off-reserve private households in northern Saskatchewan in

2010 was between 24 and 48%, across various age groups. This was between 1.5 and 2.3 times

greater than the corresponding provincial rate.

Education

Northern Saskatchewan had three times the provincial rate of individuals aged 25-64 years

without a certificate, diploma, or degree. Northern Saskatchewan also had lower rates of

individuals with all other types of educational qualifications (e.g. high school, trades, college,

and university) compared to the province.

Employment

The employment rate in Saskatchewan, 65%, is between 55 and 97% higher than the

employment rates in the northern Saskatchewan health authorities.

The long-term unemployment rates in the northern Saskatchewan health authorities range

between 3.3 and 15.6%, which are between 3.3 and 5.2 times higher than the provincial rate of

3%.

Gradients in socioeconomic indicators

There appear to be gradients in many socioeconomic indicators such as income, education and

employment rates in which northerners tend to attain lower levels compared to the province

and country. Subsequently, within each of these geographic areas, individuals who self-identify

as Aboriginal tend to attain lower levels then the regions as a whole.

Housing

In Saskatchewan and Canada, around 70% of private dwellings are owned by the household. In

the northern Saskatchewan health authorities, this number drops to between 21 and 44%.

Northern Saskatchewan health authorities had between 2.5 and 4.3 times the proportion of

dwellings requiring major repair, and between 4.8 and 11.4 times the rates of crowding.



Language

Between 44 and 84% of the population in the northern health authorities reported having an

Aboriginal language as their mother tongue, and between 28 and 71% reported that an

Aboriginal language was the language they spoke most often at home.

Variations among communities

Northern communities share many commonalities; however they also vary greatly among one

another in terms of their social determinants of health such as income, education, and

employment levels, as well as their housing conditions and use of Aboriginal languages. For

many of these indicators, some communities score as good, or better, than the province as a

whole, while other communities struggle with rates that are up to 25 times worse than the

province.



Determinants of Health

In Canada, there are 12 factors recognized as the key determinants of health, including income and

social status, social support networks, education and literacy, employment and working conditions,

social environments, physical environments including both the natural and built environments, personal

health practices and coping skills, healthy child development, biology and genetic endowment, health

services, gender and culture 1.

It is recognized that the determinants of health do not act in isolation from one another, but rather

interact with each other to have combined and interrelated effects on the health of the population 2.

This is most notable for chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer, which have multiple

risk factors and usually require many years to develop. This extended development period provides

ample time for the determinants of health to be involved in complex interactions with each other, the

individual, and the environment in the development of the disease. Therefore, care must be taken to

look at a variety of health determinants to get a more complete picture of the root causes of diseases.

Research has illustrated that the impact between the social determinants of health and health status is

not just between the advantaged and disadvantaged, but rather there is a clear social gradient that is

seen at each level throughout society 3. It has been suggested that part of this gradient-effect may be

explained by a person’s ‘control over (their own) destiny 4. According to Syme 4,5, a person with lower

social class has fewer opportunities, resources, skills and training to influence events that affect their

lives. Regardless of exactly how income and social status impact health, it is clear the relationship is

strong and very complex.

There are many models and frameworks that visually depict the determinants of health 6. One of the

most widely used is the “Wider determinants of health model” created by Dahlgren and Whitehead 7.

Although there are slight differences between the various models, they all show how the determinants

of health are connected to society as a whole.

Figure 1: Wider determinants of health



There are also determinants of health that are more closely linked to the Aboriginal peoples, including factors

such as self-determination, culture, language and heritage, and colonization. The First Nations Wholistic

Policy and Planning Model pictured below highlights some of these key characteristics 8.

Figure 2: First Nations Wholistic Policy and Planning Model



Living and Working Conditions by Health Authority

28,792 27,334

17,320 16,860 16,850

13,374

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

Sask Canada KY North MCR AHA

Me

dia

n a

fte

r-ta

x in

com

e (

$)

po

pu

lati

on

age

d 1

5 y

rs a

nd

ove

r

Source: Statistics Canada 2011 NHS Health profile Catalogue no. 82-228-XWE, Prepared by PHU, May 2014

11.5 12.4

18.7

21.2 21.8

28

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Sask Canada MCR AHA North KY

% o

f to

tal i

nco

me

fro

m g

ove

rnm

en

t tr

ansf

ers

, p

op

ula

tio

n a

ged

15

ye

ars

and

ove

r 2

01

0


Figure 4: Median after-tax income, population aged 15 and over, by region, 2010

Figure 3: Percent of total income from government transfers by region, population aged 15 years and over, 2010



decile 1 decile 2 decile 3 decile 4 decile 5 decile 6 decile 7 decile 8 decile 9 decile 10

Sask 11.0 10.6 10.0 9.4 9.3 9.7 9.9 10.4 10.1 9.6

North 33.1 17.7 10.6 8.7 5.5 5.6 6.0 4.9 4.4 3.7

MCR 36.6 15.7 10.8 8.2 5.5 5.0 4.6 4.8 4.5 4.3

KY 26.6 21.9 10.7 9.4 4.9 6.1 8.4 5.0 4.1 2.8

AHA 31.2 17.1 8.4 10.0 7.1 8.7 7.6 4.8 4.5 1.3

Canada 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

% o

f to

tal p

op

ula

tio

n b

y

Can

adia

n d

eci

le o

f ad

just

ed

af

ter-

tax

fam

ily in

com

e

Source: 2011 NHS Profile 99-014-X2011016, Prepared by PHU, July 2014

Figure 6: Prevalence of low income (after-tax low-income measure) in off-reserve private households, by region and age group, 2010

Less than 6 years Less than 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over Total

Sask 20.7 17.8 12.1 16.1 14

North 48 40.4 26.2 24 31

MCR 46.7 38.2 19.7 21.2 26

KY 49.5 43.2 34.1 25.5 36.7

AHA 33.3 31.8 27.3 42.9 30.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Pre

vale

nce

of

low

inco

me

in

off

-re

serv

e p

riva

te h

ou

seh

old

s (%

)


Figure 5: Proportion of population by Canadian decile of adjusted after-tax family income, by region, 2010



No certificate,diploma or

degree

High schooldiploma orequivalent

Apprentice-ship or tradescertificate or

diploma

College,CEGEP or

other non-university

certificate ordiploma

Universitycertificate or

diplomabelow

bachelor level

Bachelor'sdegree

Universitycertificate,diploma or

degree abovebachelor level

Sask 15.4 27.3 14.1 19.1 4.5 14.4 5.3

North 46.4 18.2 11.7 11.3 3.6 6.9 1.9

MCR 40.8 18.0 14.0 13.1 3.8 7.9 2.3

KY 53.0 20.3 7.6 8.9 3.3 5.5 1.2

AHA 66.8 11.1 10.1 5.5 2.5 3.5 0.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80%

to

tal p

op

ula

tio

n a

ged

25

-64

yrs


Figure 7: Levels of education by region, population aged 25-64 years of age, 2011



65.1

60.9

38.9 42.1

33.1

37.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Sask Canada NorthSask MCR KY AHA

% p

op

ula

tio

n a

ged

15

ye

ars

and

ove

r


3 4.3

9.8 9.9

7.8

15.6

0

4

8

12

16

20

Sask Canada North MCR KY AHA

% o

f la

bo

r fo

rce

age

d 1

5 a

nd

ove

r th

at w

ere

u

ne

mp

loye

d in

th

e p

revi

ou

s an

d c

urr

en

t ye

ar


Figure 8: Employment rate, population aged 15 years and over, by region, 2011

Figure 9: Long-term unemployment rate, population aged 15 years and over, by region 2011



Figure 11: Levels of education, population aged 25-64 years of age, by Aboriginal identity, 2011

CanadaCanada

AboriginalSask

SaskAboriginal

NorthSask*NorthSask*Aboriginal

Income ($) 27,334 20,060 28,792 17,866 16,963 13,946

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

Med

ian

aft

er-t

ax in

com

e p

op

ula

tio

n a

ged

15

ye

ars

and

ove

r ($

)

Source: Statistics Canada 2011 NHS Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011016 and 99-011-X2011007, Prepared by PHU, Mar 2015 *Div18 used as NorthSK

Figure 10: Median after-tax income, population aged 15 years and over, by region and Aboriginal identity, 2010

Nocertificate,diploma or

degree

High schooldiploma orequivalent

Apprentice-ship ortrades


College,CEGEP or

other non-university


Universitycertificate or

diplomabelow

bachelorlevel

Bachelor'sdegree

Universitycertificate,diploma or

degreeabove

bachelorlevel

Can 12.7 23.2 12.1 21.3 4.9 16.5 9.4

Can Aboriginal 28.9 22.8 14.4 20.6 3.5 7.0 2.8

Sask 15.4 27.3 14.1 19.1 4.5 14.4 5.3

Sask Aboriginal 33.5 24.3 13.4 15.4 4.0 7.8 1.7

NorthSask* 45.3 18.3 11.9 11.6 4.0 6.9 1.9

NorthSask* Aboriginal 53.1 17.6 10.8 9.6 3.8 4.5 0.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

% t

ota

l po

pu

lati

on

age

d 2

5-6

4 y

rs

Source: Statistics Canada 2011 NHS Profile 99-014-X2011016 and 99-011-X2011007, Prepared by PHU, Dec 2015 *Div18 used as NorthSK



CanadaCanada

AboriginalSask

SaskAboriginal

NorthSask*NorthSask*Aboriginal

Employment rate 60.9 52.1 65.1 46.8 38.4 32.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Em

plo

ymen

t ra

te

po

pu

lati

on

age

d 1

5 y

ears

an

d o

ver

(%)

Source: Statistics Canada 2011 NHS Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011016 and 99-011-X2011007, Prepared by PHU, Mar 2015 *Div18 used as NorthSK

Figure 12: Employment rate, population aged 15 years and over, by region and Aboriginal identity, 2011



Canada Sask NorthSask MCR KY AHA

Band housing 0.4 2.8 33.7 35.4 26.6 59.4

Renter 30.6 24.7 26.0 21.0 35.7 18.9

Owner 69.0 72.6 40.3 43.6 37.8 20.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

% p

riva

te h

ou

seh

old

s

Source: Statistics Canada 2011 NHS Health profile Catalogue no. 82-228-XWE, Prepared by PHU, Dec 2015

10.7

2.1

28.3

15.5

27.1

17.8

27.7

9.8

45.7

23.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

Dwellings requiring major repair Dwellings with more than one personper room

% o

f d

wel

lings

Saskatchewan North MCR KY AHA


Figure 13: Private households by region and tenure, 2011

Figure 14: Occupied private dwelling characteristics by region, 2011



0.5 0.3 3.0 1.7

48.9

32.9

44.1

27.7

51.2

35.2

83.8

70.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Aboriginal language as mother tongue Aboriginal language spoken most oftenat home

% o

f p

op

ula

tio

n

Canada Saskatchewan NorthSask MCR KY AHA

Source: Statistics Canada 2011 Census Health profile Catalogue no. 82-228-XWE, Prepared by PHU, May 2014

Figure 15: Aboriginal language as mother tongue and spoken most often at home by northern health authority, 2011



Living and Working Conditions by Community

6,107

6,929

7,118

9,258

9,491

9,522

9,825

10,016

10,379

10,399

11,409

11,785

12,063

12,068

12,539

12,861

13,374

13,474

14,396

15,726

16,563

16,850

16,860

16,963

16,986

17,320

18,904

27,334

28,012

28,792

29,299

32,401

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000

Pelican Narrows 184B

Montreal Lake 106

Kimosom Pwatinahk 203

Lac La Hache 220

Canoe Lake 165

Morin Lake 217

Chicken 224

Clearwater River Dene 222

Pelican Narrows

Buffalo River Dene Nation 193

Southend 200

Sandy Bay

Lac La Ronge 156

Grandmother's Bay 219

Stanley 157

Sucker River 156C

AHA

Kitsakie 156B

La Loche

Fond du Lac 227

Wapachewunak 192D

MCR

North

Division No. 18

Pinehouse

KY

Beauval

Canada

Denare Beach

Saskatchewan

Creighton

Buffalo Narrows

Median after-tax income, population aged 15 years and over ($)

Source: Statistics Canada 2011 NHS Health profile no. 82-228-XWE & 2011 NHS Profile 99-014-X2011016, Prepared by PHU, Dec 2014

Figure 16: Median after-tax income, population aged 15 and over, by census subdivision, 2010



Figure 17: Percent of total income from government transfers by census subdivision, population aged 15 years and over, 2010

9.1

11.5

11.7

12.4

16.1

18.7

18.9

21.2

21.8

22.5

23.4

24.7

25.6

26

26.1

26.5

27.5

28

28.5

29.5

30

32.7

33

33.4

33.5

34.2

35.7

38

39.8

43.6

45.9

47

0 10 20 30 40 50

Creighton

Saskatchewan

Denare Beach

Canada

Buffalo Narrows

MCR

Fond du Lac 227

AHA

North

Division No. 18

Wapachewunak 192D

Grandmother's Bay 219

Buffalo River Dene Nation 193

Pinehouse

Stanley 157

Southend 200

Chicken 224

KY

Lac La Ronge 156

Lac La Hache 220

Beauval

Canoe Lake 165

Pelican Narrows


Kitsakie 156B

Sucker River 156C

Kimosom Pwatinahk 203

Morin Lake 217

Montreal Lake 106

La Loche

Sandy Bay

Pelican Narrows 184B

% total income coming from government transfers, population aged 15 years and over




Figure 18: Proportion of population by Canadian decile of adjusted after-tax family income, by census subdivision, 2010 (sorted alphabetically)

Name

Decile

1

Decile

2

Decile

3

Decile

4

Decile

5

Decile

6

Decile

7

Decile

8

Decile

9

Decile

10

AHA 31.2 17.1 8.4 10.0 7.1 8.7 7.6 4.8 4.5 1.3

Beauval 19.2 18.5 16.6 3.3 3.3 13.2 9.3 0.0 11.9 3.3

Buffalo Narrows 10.8 17.3 6.9 21.6 8.7 5.2 1.7 8.2 12.1 7.8

Buffalo River Dene Nation 193 54.2 11.8 3.9 7.8 3.9 3.9 4.6 2.6 4.6 2.0

Canada 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

Canoe Lake 165 45.5 22.4 8.4 5.6 4.2 2.8 3.5 7.7 0.0 1.4

Chicken 224 40.1 19.3 9.4 6.1 7.5 5.7 3.8 4.2 2.8 0.0

Clearwater River Dene 222 49.1 19.5 7.5 8.8 4.4 4.4 1.9 0.0 1.9 1.3

Creighton 10.0 3.0 12.7 9.0 9.7 7.7 8.0 12.0 14.4 13.4

Denare Beach 22.4 6.7 6.0 9.7 6.7 7.5 8.2 10.4 14.2 8.2

Division No. 18 33.1 17.6 11.1 8.6 5.8 5.5 5.7 4.7 4.2 3.7

Fond du Lac 227 23.6 15.7 9.0 13.5 6.2 9.6 11.2 4.5 3.4 2.2

Grandmother's Bay 219 49.3 17.9 10.4 6.0 4.5 3.0 3.0 6.0 0.0 0.0

Kimosom Pwatinahk 203 53.8 18.9 9.7 8.4 4.6 1.7 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.8

Kitsakie 156B 35.5 15.1 17.5 12.7 6.0 4.8 6.0 1.2 1.2 0.0

KY 26.6 21.9 10.7 9.4 4.9 6.1 8.4 5.0 4.1 2.8

La Loche 21.9 32.8 13.9 7.2 5.7 3.8 7.8 2.9 1.9 2.1

Lac La Hache 220 28.7 26.7 19.1 6.4 8.0 2.8 4.8 4.0 0.0 0.0

Lac La Ronge 156 39.9 21.9 12.0 8.6 6.3 2.9 4.4 1.6 1.6 0.8

MCR 36.6 15.7 10.8 8.2 5.5 5.0 4.6 4.8 4.5 4.3

Montreal Lake 106 65.8 16.8 4.6 5.6 1.5 1.0 2.6 1.0 0.0 1.0

Morin Lake 217 47.6 20.7 15.2 6.2 2.1 6.2 1.4 1.4 0.0 0.0

North 33.1 17.7 10.6 8.7 5.5 5.6 6.0 4.9 4.4 3.7

Pelican Narrows 51.4 17.7 9.4 7.7 1.1 5.5 2.8 1.7 1.1 1.1

Pelican Narrows 184B 63.7 15.3 5.8 6.6 4.5 1.8 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.8

Pinehouse 25.1 16.3 9.3 11.5 10.6 11.0 7.0 5.3 3.5 0.0

Sandy Bay 47.6 22.4 8.9 8.1 6.5 0.8 2.8 1.6 0.8 0.0

Saskatchewan 11.0 10.6 10.0 9.4 9.3 9.7 9.9 10.4 10.1 9.6

Southend 200 40.9 11.6 13.8 7.2 6.6 6.6 4.4 5.5 3.3 0.0

Stanley 157 39.7 24.3 9.5 10.5 3.7 4.9 1.8 3.4 1.5 0.9

Sucker River 156C 45.0 23.8 12.5 8.8 2.5 0.0 2.5 2.5 0.0 2.5

Wapachewunak 192D 25.0 21.9 13.5 7.3 5.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 3.1 5.2

Source: Statistics Canada 2011 NHS Health profile no. 82-228-XWE & 2011 NHS Profile 99-014-X2011016,

Prepared by PHU, Mar 2016



Figure 19: Prevalence of low income (after-tax low-income measure) in off-reserve private households, by census subdivision and age group, 2010 (sorted alphabetically)

Name Total

Less than

6 years

Less than

18 years

18 to 64

years

65 years

and over

AHA 30.1 33.3 31.8 27.3 42.9

Beauval 33.1 42.1 30.9 35.8 25

Buffalo Narrows 22.5 44.4 25 18.9 33.3

Canada 14.9 18.1 17.3 14.4 13.4

Creighton 10.7 47.1 20 6.3 15.8

Denare Beach 26.9 46.2 35.1 24.1 21.4

Division No. 18 31.3 51.2 41.5 26 23.4

KY 36.7 49.5 43.2 34.1 25.5

La Loche 45.9 55.6 53.3 41.6 29.4

MCR 26 46.7 38.2 19.7 21.2

North 31 48 40.4 26.2 24

Pelican Narrows 66.1 75 68.5 60 85.7

Pinehouse 34.1 38.2 35 33.6 28.6

Saskatchewan 14 20.7 17.8 12.1 16.1

Source: Statistics Canada 2011 NHS Health profile no. 82-228-XWE & 2011 NHS Profile 99-014-X2011016,

Prepared by PHU, Mar 2016



Figure 20: Levels of education by census subdivision, % population aged 25-64 years of age, 2011 (sorted alphabetically)

Name Type

Total population aged 25 to 64 years

Below High

School

High school

Apprentice-ship or trades

Non-university certificate

or diploma

University below

bachelor level

University bachelor level or above

AHA HA 995 66.8 11.1 10.1 5.5 2.5 4.0

Beauval NV 300 41.7 16.7 26.7 5.0 0.0 10.0

Brabant Lake S-É 25 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Buffalo Narrows NV 545 32.1 38.5 5.5 12.8 3.7 9.2

Buffalo River Dene Nation 193 IRI 355 66.2 9.9 7.0 5.6 0.0 9.9

Canada C 18,383,920 12.7 23.2 12.1 21.3 4.9 25.9

Canoe Lake 165 IRI 270 63.0 11.1 5.6 13.0 3.7 5.6

Chicken 224 IRI 435 66.7 9.2 14.9 4.6 2.3 2.3

Clearwater River Dene 222 IRI 320 65.6 14.1 9.4 3.1 0.0 4.7

Cole Bay NH 90 83.3 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Creighton T 805 18.0 36.0 19.9 15.5 6.2 4.3

Denare Beach NV 360 19.4 31.9 16.7 16.7 2.8 11.1

Division No. 18 CD 15,710 45.3 18.3 11.9 11.6 4.0 8.8

Fond du Lac 227 IRI 365 74.0 11.0 5.5 4.1 2.7 4.1

Grandmother's Bay 219 IRI 130 61.5 11.5 15.4 0.0 0.0 7.7

Jans Bay NH 55 45.5 36.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Kimosom Pwatinahk 203 IRI 420 57.1 20.2 6.0 10.7 3.6 4.8

Kitsakie 156B IRI 380 56.6 3.9 23.7 6.6 0.0 2.6

KY HA 4,700 53.0 20.3 7.6 8.9 3.3 6.8

La Loche NV 1,080 73.6 12.5 2.8 4.6 1.4 4.6

La Plonge 192 IRI 50 30.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 0.0 20.0

Lac La Hache 220 IRI 420 75.0 13.1 6.0 4.8 0.0 2.4

Lac La Ronge 156 IRI 755 50.3 13.9 10.6 17.9 4.0 3.3

MCR HA 9,245 40.8 18.0 14.0 13.1 3.8 10.2

Michel Village NH 40 62.5 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Montreal Lake 106 IRI 360 48.6 23.6 8.3 11.1 4.2 4.2

Morin Lake 217 IRI 255 62.7 11.8 13.7 7.8 3.9 3.9

North HA 14,935 46.4 18.2 11.7 11.3 3.6 8.7

Patuanak NH 30 50.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Pelican Narrows NV 310 50.0 19.4 9.7 11.3 3.2 6.5

Pelican Narrows 184B IRI 630 54.8 13.5 15.9 6.3 4.0 4.8

Pinehouse NV 400 53.8 20.0 6.3 10.0 2.5 8.8

Sandy Bay NV 435 60.9 12.6 5.7 12.6 2.3 6.9

Saskatchewan PR 529,480 15.4 27.3 14.1 19.1 4.5 19.6

Southend 200 IRI 340 60.3 17.6 4.4 7.4 4.4 5.9

St. George's Hill NH 20 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Stanley 157 IRI 635 40.9 16.5 26.0 8.7 2.4 7.1

Stony Rapids NH 130 61.5 11.5 7.7 7.7 0.0 7.7

Sturgeon Weir 184F IRI 25 40.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Sucker River 156C IRI 155 54.8 9.7 22.6 6.5 0.0 6.5

Timber Bay NH 40 25.0 25.0 0.0 37.5 0.0 0.0

Wapachewunak 192D IRI 245 44.9 38.8 0.0 10.2 0.0 8.2

Source: Statistics Canada 2011 NHS Health profile no. 82-228-XWE & 2011 NHS Profile 99-014-X2011016, Prepared by PHU, Mar 2016



12.9 20.6 20.7 20.8 21

23.1 23.1 23.4 24.7 25 25.4 26.6 27.8 28.8 30 30.1 31.4 32.4 32.7 33.1 33.1 33.3 33.3

35.2 37.2 38.4 38.4 38.9 39.8 40.3

42.1 42.3

43.8 44.4 45.5 46.9

50 55.8

60.9 64.4 65.1

0 20 40 60 80

Cole BayLa Loche

Sandy BayPelican Narrows 184B

Kimosom Pwatinahk 203Jans Bay

Canoe Lake 165Clearwater River Dene 222

Morin Lake 217Brabant Lake

Montreal Lake 106Pelican Narrows

Lac La Hache 220Chicken 224

Sturgeon Weir 184FSouthend 200Kitsakie 156B

Buffalo River Dene Nation 193Sucker River 156CLac La Ronge 156

KYTimber Bay

Michel VillageBeauval

AHADivision No. 18

Wapachewunak 192DNorth

Stanley 157Fond du Lac 227

MCRPinehouse

La Plonge 192Patuanak

Grandmother's Bay 219Buffalo Narrows

Stony RapidsDenare Beach

CanadaCreighton

Saskatchewan

Employment rate population aged 15 years and over


Figure 21: Employment rate, population aged 15 years and over, by region, 2011



Figure 22: Proportion of private households by census subdivision and tenure, 2011 (sorted alphabetically)

Name Type Total # private

households Owner Renter

Band housing

AHA HA 530 20.8 18.9 59.4

Beauval NV 245 55.1 46.9 0.0

Brabant Lake S-É 20 50.0 0.0 0.0

Buffalo Narrows NV 430 53.5 46.5 0.0

Buffalo River Dene Nation 193 IRI 240 8.3 4.2 87.5

Canada C 13,319,250 69.0 30.6 0.4

Canoe Lake 165 IRI 235 6.4 8.5 87.2

Chicken 224 IRI 205 12.2 4.9 82.9

Clearwater River Dene 222 IRI 175 5.7 5.7 94.3

Cole Bay NH 65 46.2 46.2 0.0

Creighton T 595 82.4 18.5 0.0

Denare Beach NV 255 86.3 7.8 7.8

Division No. 18 CD 9,940 40.4 26.2 33.4

Fond du Lac 227 IRI 195 10.3 20.5 71.8

Grandmother's Bay 219 IRI 90 0.0 0.0 100.0

Jans Bay NH 70 64.3 35.7 0.0

Kimosom Pwatinahk 203 IRI 205 7.3 7.3 85.4

Kitsakie 156B IRI 190 71.1 13.2 18.4

KY HA 3,250 37.8 35.7 26.6

La Loche NV 630 37.3 61.9 0.0

La Plonge 192 IRI 35 0.0 0.0 100.0

Lac La Hache 220 IRI 190 10.5 7.9 84.2

Lac La Ronge 156 IRI 420 52.4 8.3 38.1

MCR HA 5,595 43.6 21.0 35.4

Michel Village NH 15 100.0 0.0 0.0

Montreal Lake 106 IRI 250 12.0 14.0 74.0

Morin Lake 217 IRI 155 29.0 22.6 51.6

North HA 9,370 40.3 26.0 33.7

Patuanak NH 25 40.0 40.0 0.0

Pelican Narrows NV 175 14.3 8.6 77.1

Pelican Narrows 184B IRI 325 4.6 7.7 89.2

Pinehouse NV 245 46.9 51.0 0.0

Sandy Bay NV 255 23.5 56.9 19.6

Saskatchewan PR 409,570 72.6 24.7 2.8

Southend 200 IRI 180 8.3 16.7 75.0

St. George's Hill NH 20 50.0 0.0 0.0

Stanley 157 IRI 380 0.0 5.3 93.4

Stony Rapids NH 75 40.0 66.7 0.0

Sturgeon Weir 184F IRI 20 0.0 0.0 50.0

Sucker River 156C IRI 110 9.1 9.1 81.8

Timber Bay NH 25 40.0 60.0 0.0

Wapachewunak 192D IRI 160 0.0 6.3 93.8




Figure 23: Occupied private dwellings that require major repairs by census subdivision, 2011

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

7.4 8.2 8.4 10.0 10.7

18.2 20.4 21.6 21.9

26.7 27.1 27.7 28.1 28.3

30.3 33.3 34.4 35.1 35.7 37.5 39.0 40.0

44.4 45.7 47.2

50.0 50.0 50.4 51.3

56.1 61.5

68.1 80.6

0 20 40 60 80 100

Timber BayCole BayJans Bay

PatuanakBuffalo NarrowsSt. George's Hill

Michel VillageSturgeon Weir 184F

Brabant LakeCanadaBeauval

CreightonDenare BeachSaskatchewan

Sucker River 156CPinehouseSandy Bay

Wapachewunak 192DStony Rapids

MCRKY

Division No. 18North

Stanley 157La Plonge 192

Morin Lake 217Southend 200

Lac La Ronge 156Buffalo River Dene Nation 193

Kimosom Pwatinahk 203Montreal Lake 106

Grandmother's Bay 219AHA

Pelican NarrowsKitsakie 156B

Fond du Lac 227La Loche

Lac La Hache 220Chicken 224

Pelican Narrows 184BCanoe Lake 165


% dwellings requiring major repair




0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.0 2.1

3.5 4.0

6.5 9.8 10.4

13.7 15.1 15.5 15.6 16.7 16.7

17.8 18.2 18.4 19.0 19.6

22.4 23.6

25.0 25.0 25.6 26.3

31.3 33.3 33.3

36.6 46.2

51.3 53.7

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Timber BayJans Bay

PatuanakSt. George's Hill

Michel VillageSturgeon Weir 184F

Brabant LakeBeauval

CreightonStony Rapids

La Plonge 192Canada

SaskatchewanBuffalo Narrows

Denare BeachCanoe Lake 165

KYBuffalo River Dene Nation 193

Montreal Lake 106Division No. 18

NorthWapachewunak 192D

Cole BayGrandmother's Bay 219

MCRSucker River 156C

La LocheLac La Ronge 156

Sandy BayPinehouse

AHAStanley 157

Clearwater River Dene 222Fond du Lac 227

Kitsakie 156BMorin Lake 217

Southend 200Pelican Narrows

Chicken 224Pelican Narrows 184B

Lac La Hache 220Kimosom Pwatinahk 203

% dwellings with more than one person per room


Figure 24: Occupied private dwellings that have more than one person per room, by census division, 2011



Figure 25: Aboriginal language as mother tongue and spoken most often at home, by census subdivision, 2011 (sorted alphabetically)

Name Type

Total population by Mother

Tongue

(%) Aboriginal language as

mother tongue

Total population by language spoken most often at home

(%) Aboriginal language

spoken most often at home

AHA HA 2,310 83.8 2,310 70.8

Air Ronge NV 1,040 7.7 1,040 2.4

Beauval NV 760 24.3 755 12.6

Buffalo Narrows NV 1,150 9.1 1,150 2.2

Buffalo River Dene Nation 193 IRI 765 44.4 760 31.6

Canada C 33,121,175 0.5 33,121,175 0.3

Chicken 224 IRI 1,065 97.7 1,065 93.4

Clearwater River Dene 222 IRI 780 92.3 780 90.4

Cole Bay NH 230 47.8 230 0.0

Creighton T 1,500 2.3 1,500 1.0

Denare Beach NV 670 3.0 665 0.8

Division No. 18 CD 36,500 47.7 36,500 32.0

Division No. 18, Unorganized NO 1,640 41.2 1,640 15.9

Flin Flon CY 230 2.2 230 0.0

Fond du Lac 227 IRI 875 81.1 870 59.8

Grandmother's Bay 219 IRI 335 77.6 340 39.7

Green Lake NV 420 16.7 415 6.0

Île-à-la-Crosse NV 1,350 15.2 1,350 3.7

Jans Bay NH 190 73.7 185 2.7

Kimosom Pwatinahk 203 IRI 1,195 83.3 1,190 62.2

Kinoosao-Thomas Clark 204 IRI 40 37.5 40 50.0

Kitsakie 156B IRI 645 38.8 645 17.1

KY HA 10,740 51.2 10,740 35.2

La Loche NV 2,605 89.1 2,605 80.6

La Plonge 192 IRI 115 30.4 115 4.3

La Ronge T 2,285 11.4 2,285 2.8

Lac La Hache 220 IRI 1,250 94.0 1,250 79.2

Lac La Ronge 156 IRI 1,910 22.3 1,915 8.1

MCR HA 21,565 44.1 21,570 27.7

Michel Village NH 70 78.6 65 7.7

Montreal Lake 106 IRI 1,000 34.0 1,000 14.5

Morin Lake 217 IRI 615 26.8 620 12.1

North HA 34,620 48.9 34,620 32.9

Patuanak NH 65 53.8 65 23.1

Pelican Narrows NV 790 90.5 790 69.6

Pinehouse NV 975 64.6 980 27.6

Sandy Bay NV 1,235 23.5 1,235 6.9

Saskatchewan PR 1,018,310 3.0 1,018,310 1.7

Southend 200 IRI 905 51.9 900 48.3

St. George's Hill NH 100 85.0 100 5.0

Stanley 157 IRI 1,635 64.8 1,635 28.4

Stony Rapids NH 245 57.1 245 38.8

Timber Bay NH 95 26.3 95 5.3

Turnor Lake 193B IRI 420 17.9 420 9.5

Wapachewunak 192D IRI 480 55.2 485 46.4

Weyakwin NH 135 11.1 135 0

Source: Statistics Canada 2011 NHS Health profile no. 82-228-XWE & 2011 Census Profile 98-314-XCB2011006,

Prepared by PHU, Mar 2016. Several communities including Brabant Lake, Canoe Lake 165, Pelican Narrows 184B, Sturgeon

Weir 184F and Sucker River 156C are supressed from having GNR of 25% or greater on the 2011 Census of Population.



Appendix A – Data Notes

1. Data Sources

2011 Census of Population – The 2011 Census of Population collects information on characteristics such

as population, age, sex, dwellings, families, marital status and language. The goal of the census is to

collect information on every man, woman and child living in Canada. Data is released for various levels

of geography, including provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, census subdivisions census

tracts and health regions.

2011 National Household Survey (NHS) – The NHS provides information about the demographic, social

and economic characteristics of people living in Canada as well as the housing units in which they live.

Previous to 2011, this information was collected by the mandatory long-form census questionnaire;

however, in 2011, major changes in the format resulted in this data being collected as part of the

voluntary NHS. The NHS survey was distributed to a random sample of 33% of all private dwellings in

Canada which resulted in varying response rates. Data has been released at various levels of geography

including Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas/census agglomerations, census

divisions, census subdivisions, census tracts, federal electoral districts and health regions. However, data

is suppressed from the NHS for a variety of reasons including geographies having populations of less

than 40 persons, a global non-response rate to the NHS greater than 50%. In addition, income data

collected from the NHS are suppressed if the population in the area is less than 250, or if the number of

private households is less than 40.

NHS Aboriginal Population Profile – The Aboriginal Population Profile presents information on the

Aboriginal identity population from the 2011 NHS. Data is available for areas where the NHS Aboriginal

identity population is 250 or more. The Aboriginal identity population refers to whether the person

reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit)

and/or being a Registered or Treaty Indian (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or

being a member of a First Nation or Indian band.

2. Definitions

Global Non-response Rate (GNR) – For the 2011 NHS estimates, the GNR is used as an indicator of data

quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response

(question) into a single rate. A higher GNR indicates a higher risk of non-response bias and as a result, a

higher risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. See

Appendix A - 3 for a list of northern census subdivisions by the GNR.

Median After-tax Income – After-tax income refers to total income from all sources minus federal,

provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010. The median income of a specified group is that

amount which divides their incomes into two equal halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of

individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income

is calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income.



Government Transfers – This refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or

municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in: (1)

the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the

Survivor; (2) benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan; (3) benefits from Employment

Insurance: (4) child benefits; and (5) other income from government sources.

Adjusted After-tax Family Income Decile – For economic family members, this refers to economic family

after-tax income that has been adjusted by a factor that accounts for family size. The adjustment factor

takes into account the lower relative needs of additional family members, as compared to a single

person living alone. For use with the NHS income data, the adjusted after-tax income is computed as the

economic family after-tax income divided by the square root of family size. For persons not in economic

families, the adjusted after-tax income is set at after-tax income. This is equivalent to a factor of 1.0 for

a person not in an economic family. The deciles divide the population ranked by size of adjusted after-

tax family income into 10 groups of equal size. The population in the bottom decile is the one who falls

in the lower 10 percent of the adjusted after-tax family income distribution. The population in the top

decile is the one who falls in the highest 10 percent of the adjusted after-tax family income distribution.

The 10 groups were formed with the full population in private households of Canada, whether or not

they reported income.

Low Income After-tax (LIM-AT) Private Households – For this measure, the income used is after-tax

income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences:

all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half

the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the

income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the

household. All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed

the same income status. For the purposes of low income statistics, units in the Yukon Territory,

Northwest Territories and Nunavut, and on Indian reserves, were excluded.

Employment Rate – This refers to the number of persons employed in the week of Sunday, May 1 to

Saturday, May 7, 2011, expressed as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and over.

Long-term Unemployment Rate – This is the proportion of the labour force aged 15 years and over that

did not work in 2010 or 2011. The labour force includes individuals who are employed or those who are

unemployed but were available for work and had either actively looked for paid work in the past four

weeks, were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job, or had definite arrangements to

start a new job in four weeks or less.

Aboriginal Identity – The Aboriginal identity population refers to whether the person reported being an

Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or being a

Registered or Treaty Indian (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or being a member

of a First Nation or Indian band.



Housing Tenure – This refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling, or whether

the dwelling is band housing (on an Indian reserve or settlement).

Occupied Private Dwellings Requiring Major Repairs – Dwellings were classified according to needing

regular maintenance, minor repairs or major repairs. The 'regular maintenance needed' category

includes regular maintenance such as painting or furnace cleaning. The 'minor repairs needed' category

includes minor repairs such as missing or loose floor tiles, bricks or shingles or defective steps, railing or

siding. The 'major repairs needed' category includes major repairs such as defective plumbing or

electrical wiring or structural repairs to walls, floors or ceilings.

Dwellings with more than One Person per Room – This refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in

a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of

rooms in the dwelling. Rooms refer to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and

suitable for year round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms

and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes

bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are

considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g. L-shaped dining

room and living room arrangements).



3. NHS Global Non-response Rate (GNRs) and Data Suppression, 2011

Name ID Type GNR (%) Data suppression details

Timber Bay 4718012 NH 4.5

Wapachewunak 192D 4718814 IRI 5.3

Clearwater River Dene 222 4718839 IRI 8.5

Stanley 157 4718803 IRI 9.8

Denare Beach 4718049 NV 9.9

Lac La Ronge 156 4718809 IRI 12.5

Grandmother's Bay 219 4718831 IRI 13

Sucker River 156C 4718811 IRI 13.1

La Plonge 192 4718807 IRI 13.6

Southend 200 4718822 IRI 13.6

Montreal Lake 106 4718802 IRI 14.4

Chicken 224 4718828 IRI 14.7

Cole Bay 4718028 NH 15.2

Fond du Lac 227 4718824 IRI 16

La Loche 4718074 NV 16.5

AHA 4713 HA 16.9

Buffalo River Dene Nation 193 4718818 IRI 17.9

Buffalo Narrows 4718070 NV 20

Pelican Narrows 184B 4718820 IRI 20

Lac La Hache 220 4718832 IRI 20.2

Patuanak 4718069 NH 20.5

Kimosom Pwatinahk 203 4718852 IRI 21.1

Stony Rapids 4718100 NH 24.2

Canada 1 C 26.1

North 4714 HA 26.7

MCR 4711 HA 27.3

KY 4712 HA 27.6

Division No. 18 4718 CD 28.1

Sandy Bay 4718058 NV 28.9

Morin Lake 217 4718808 IRI 29

Saskatchewan 47 PR 29.3

Sturgeon Weir 184F 4718821 IRI 31.1

Pelican Narrows 4718055 NV 31.4

Pinehouse 4718065 NV 32

Kitsakie 156B 4718812 IRI 33.2

Beauval 4718033 NV 36

Jans Bay 4718030 NH 40

Canoe Lake 165 4718817 IRI 41.4

Creighton 4718051 T 43.1

Brabant Lake 4718825 S-É 44.4

St. George's Hill 4718071 NH 44.8

Michel Village 4718072 NH 49.4

Continued on next page



Name ID Type GNR (%) Data suppression details

Turnor Lake 193B 4718819 IRI 50.5 Suppressed GNR equal or greater than 50%

Green Lake 4718021 NV 51.1 Suppressed GNR equal or greater than 50%

La Ronge 4718041 T 51.7 Suppressed GNR equal or greater than 50%

Division No. 18,

Unorganized 4718090 NO 54.5 Suppressed GNR equal or greater than 50%

Flin Flon (Part) 4718052 CY 56.4 Suppressed GNR equal or greater than 50%

Air Ronge 4718042 NV 59.9 Suppressed GNR equal or greater than 50%

Île-à-la-Crosse 4718067 NV 70.2 Suppressed GNR equal or greater than 50%

Turnor Lake 4718075 NH Suppressed population count is equal to zero

Potato River 156A 4718810 IRI Suppressed population count is equal to zero

Four Portages 157C 4718813 IRI Suppressed population count is equal to zero

Chicken 225 4718823 IRI Suppressed population count is equal to zero

Fond du Lac 229 4718833 IRI Suppressed population count is equal to zero

Little Hills 158 4718844 IRI Suppressed population count is equal to zero



Little Hills 158B 4718849 IRI Suppressed population count is equal to zero

Weyakwin 4718015 NH Suppressed population estimated to be less than

40 persons*

Dore Lake 4718023 NH Suppressed population estimated to be less than

40 persons

Missinipe 4718062 NH Suppressed population estimated to be less than

40 persons

Clearwater River Dene

Band 223 4718829 IRI Suppressed population estimated to be less than

40 persons

Kinoosao-Thomas Clark

204 4718854 IRI Suppressed population estimated to be less than

40 persons Source: Statistics Canada 2011 NHS Health profile no. 82-228-XWE & 2011 NHS Profile 99-014-X2011016, Prepared by PHU,

Mar 2016. *Statistics Canada states that Weyakwin is suppressed as the population is estimated to be less than 40 persons;

however the 2011 Census has estimated the population to be 135 persons. Therefore the data may be suppressed due to a high

non-response rate. The GNRs for CSDs above 50% come from the community well-being index 2011 database. It is important to

realize that many First Nations communities are split up into many CSD’s. For example the community of Fond du Lac has four

listings (Fond du Lac 227, 229, 231 and 232) in the above table.



4. Data Suppression for Northern Saskatchewan Census Subdivisions,

2011 Census of Population

Name ID Type Suppression reason

Brabant Lake 4718825 S-É GNR higher than or equal to 25%

Canoe Lake 165 4718817 IRI GNR higher than or equal to 25%

Chicken 225 4718823 IRI population of less than 40 persons

Clearwater River Dene Band 223 4718829 IRI population of less than 40 persons

Dore Lake 4718023 NH population of less than 40 persons

Fond du Lac 229 4718833 IRI population of less than 40 persons



Four Portages 157C 4718813 IRI population of less than 40 persons

Little Hills 158 4718844 IRI population of less than 40 persons

Little Hills 158B 4718849 IRI population of less than 40 persons

Missinipe 4718062 NH population of less than 40 persons

Pelican Narrows 184B 4718820 IRI GNR higher than or equal to 25%

Potato River 156A 4718810 IRI population of less than 40 persons

Sturgeon Weir 184F 4718821 IRI GNR higher than or equal to 25%

Sucker River 156C 4718811 IRI GNR higher than or equal to 25%

Turnor Lake 4718075 NH population of less than 40 persons Source: Statistics Canada Census Profile 98-314-XCB2011006 and Census subdivision suppression list (http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/ref/sup_CSD-SDR-eng.cfm), Prepared by PHU, Mar 2016



Appendix B – Glossary of Acronyms

AHA

Athabasca Health Authority C

Country

CANSIM

Statistics Canada's key socioeconomic database

CD

Census Division CEGEP

Collège d'enseignement général et professionnel

CSD

Census Subdivision CY

City

GNR

Global Non-response Rate HA

Health Authority

IRI

Indian Reserve KY

Keewatin Yatthé (Health Region)

LIM-AT

Low-income measure after tax MCR

Mamawetan Churchill River (Health Region)

NH

Northern Hamlet NHS

National Household Survey

NO

Unorganized NV

Northern Village

PHU

Population Health Unit PR

Province

S-É

Indian Settlement T

Town



Appendix C – Index of Figures

Figure 1: Wider determinants of health ...................................................................................................... 5

Figure 2: First Nations Wholistic Policy and Planning Model ....................................................................... 6

Figure 3: Percent of total income from government transfers by region, population aged 15 years and

over, 2010 ................................................................................................................................... 7

Figure 4: Median after-tax income, population aged 15 and over, by region, 2010 ................................... 7

Figure 5: Proportion of population by Canadian decile of adjusted after-tax family income, by region,

2010 ............................................................................................................................................ 8

Figure 6: Prevalence of low income (after-tax low-income measure) in off-reserve private households,

by region and age group, 2010 ................................................................................................... 8

Figure 7: Levels of education by region, population aged 25-64 years of age, 2011 .................................. 9

Figure 8: Employment rate, population aged 15 years and over, by region, 2011 ................................... 10

Figure 9: Long-term unemployment rate, population aged 15 years and over, by region 2011 .............. 10

Figure 10: Median after-tax income, population aged 15 years and over, by region and Aboriginal

identity, 2010 ............................................................................................................................ 11

Figure 11: Levels of education, population aged 25-64 years of age, by Aboriginal identity, 2011 .......... 11

Figure 12: Employment rate, population aged 15 years and over, by region and Aboriginal identity, 2011

.................................................................................................................................................. 12

Figure 13: Private households by region and tenure, 2011 ....................................................................... 13

Figure 14: Occupied private dwelling characteristics by region, 2011 ...................................................... 13

Figure 15: Aboriginal language as mother tongue and spoken most often at home by northern health

authority, 2011 ......................................................................................................................... 14

Figure 16: Median after-tax income, population aged 15 and over, by census subdivision, 2010 ........... 15

Figure 17: Percent of total income from government transfers by census subdivision, population aged

15 years and over, 2010 ........................................................................................................... 16

Figure 18: Proportion of population by Canadian decile of adjusted after-tax family income, by census

subdivision, 2010 (sorted alphabetically) ................................................................................. 17

Figure 19: Prevalence of low income (after-tax low-income measure) in off-reserve private households,

by census subdivision and age group, 2010 (sorted alphabetically) ........................................ 18

Figure 20: Levels of education by census subdivision, % population aged 25-64 years of age, 2011

(sorted alphabetically) .............................................................................................................. 19

Figure 21: Employment rate, population aged 15 years and over, by region, 2011 ................................. 20

Figure 22: Proportion of private households by census subdivision and tenure, 2011 (sorted

alphabetically)........................................................................................................................... 21

Figure 23: Occupied private dwellings that require major repairs by census subdivision, 2011 .............. 22

Figure 24: Occupied private dwellings that have more than one person per room, by census division,

2011 .......................................................................................................................................... 23

Figure 25: Aboriginal language as mother tongue and spoken most often at home, by census

subdivision, 2011 (sorted alphabetically) ................................................................................. 24



Appendix D - References

1. Government of Canada PHA of C. What Makes Canadians Healthy or Unhealthy? - Population Health Approach - Public Health Agency of Canada [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2016 Mar 1]. Available from: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/determinants/determinants-eng.php#physenviron

2. Trends in Income-Related Health Inequalities in Canada [Internet]. Ottawa; 2015 [cited 2016 Mar 1]. Available from: https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/trends_in_income_related_inequalities_in_canada_2015_en.pdf

3. van Rossum CT, Shipley MJ, van de Mheen H, Grobbee DE, Marmot MG. Employment grade differences in cause specific mortality. A 25 year follow up of civil servants from the first Whitehall study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000;54(3):178–84.

4. Syme SL. Social determinants of health: the community as an empowered partner. Prev Chronic Dis. 2004;1(1):A02.

5. Syme SL. Social and economic disparities in health: thoughts about intervention. Milbank Q. 1998;76(3):493–505, 306–7.

6. Canadian Council on the Social Determinants of Health. A Review of Frameworks on the Determinants of Health [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2016 Mar 1]. Available from: http://ccsdh.ca/images/uploads/Frameworks_Report_English.pdf

7. Dahlgren G, Whitehead M. Policies and strategies to promote social equity in health Background document to WHO – Strategy paper [Internet]. Vol. 14, Main. 2007 [cited 2016 Mar 1]. Available from: http://ideas.repec.org/p/hhs/ifswps/2007_014.html

8. First Nations Wholistic Policy and Planning A Transitional Discussion Document on the Social Determinants of Health [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Mar 1]. Available from: http://health.afn.ca/uploads/files/sdoh_afn.pdf

http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/determinants/determinants-eng.php%23physenviron

https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/trends_in_income_related_inequalities_in_canada_2015_en.pdf

https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/trends_in_income_related_inequalities_in_canada_2015_en.pdf

http://ccsdh.ca/images/uploads/Frameworks_Report_English.pdf

http://ideas.repec.org/p/hhs/ifswps/2007_014.html

http://health.afn.ca/uploads/files/sdoh_afn.pdf

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