social-cognitive theories. social-cognitive perspective –behavioral approachbehavioral approach
TRANSCRIPT
Social Cognitive Theory
• Behavioral approach– We are conditioned to repeat behavior– We learn by observing and imitating
• Cognitive approach– What we think about our situations
affects our behavior– How do we interpret and respond to
events?
Social Cognitive Theory
• Trait Theory– We have certain stable, enduring
characteristics that influence behavior– Traits are influenced by genetic
predisposition
• Social-cognitive perspective– Behavior is influenced by the interaction
of people’s traits (including thinking) and their social context
Social-Cognitive Theories
Reciprocal Influences
• Ways individuals and the environment interact– Different people choose different
environments–You choose the music you listen to, the
books you read, the friends you hang with … then these things shape you
Social-Cognitive Theories
Reciprocal Influences
• Ways individuals and the environment interact– Our personalities shape how we interpret
and react to events–Anxious people are attuned to potentially
threatening events, then perceive the world as threatening
Social-Cognitive Theories
Reciprocal Influences
• Ways individuals and the environment interact– Our personality help create situations to
which we react–How we treat people tend to be the way
they treat us back
Social-Cognitive Theories
Subcategories
• Personal Control• Internal locus of control• External locus of control
• Optimism versus Pessimism• Positive expectations often motivate
eventual success
Social-Cognitive Theories
Subcategories
• Excessive Optimism• You might think so highly of yourself
that you are blind to problems or risks• Blindness to one’s own incompetence,
like students who are shocked they did poorly on a test
Social-Cognitive Theories
Reality Testing Situations
• US Army spy training• Business use of simulations