social and economic implication of the use of the computers by indrani chakraborty for ix cs

Social and Economic Implication of the use of the Computers

By Indrani ChakrabortyFor IX CS

Introduction

Copyright Indrani @CVSL 2

How has Technology Affected YOU?

All Technology has a profound affect on all of us. Can you tell me the pros and cons of technology?


Technology is the basis of a society, and it affects all civilizations past, present, and future. Technology is like Newton's third law of motion, "For every action there is an opposite reaction.

How does technology affect you and this classroom?


Technology has many benefits but at the same time it can have negative consequences.

Technology affects our society significantly. For example one of the most advanced inventions is the computer. The computer might be considered the greatest invention ever (next to the telephone and light bulb) and we are constantly finding new ways to improve it. Computers influence many aspects of our lives, including: medicine, communications, mathematics, entertainment, business, agriculture, and all other sciences.

How do you use computers today?


While computers are beneficial to us we depend on them too much; this makes us vulnerable to computer hackers who seek to destroy all we have created. What about inappropriate web sites? Chat rooms? These can also be negative.

Have you ever heard of a story concerning computers that turned out to be negative?


We tend to think of inventions as modern gadgets, yet there are Stone Age innovations that we still use today. Think of inventions that still exsist in the 21st century. Some examples might be farming, cooking, games etc.


Velcro inventor George de Mestral wanted more stringent patent (excludes other from using invention for a period of time) laws. How would extending the life of a patent benefit inventors?

What would be the affects on the rest of society?

How would this affect drug manufacturers as we discussed in unit 1?


The cotton gin is a vivid example of how an invention can have positive (boosting the textile industry) and negative (creating a strong new economic incentive for owning slaves) effects on society. Are there other inventions that have (positive and negative aspects)? Some may include airplanes, automobiles, cell phones, computers, etc.

Name the positive and negative of each of these inventions!!


Society pushes us to invent and innovate new products every day. We as a society demand more and better products all the time. Do we stop to look at the affect this has on us as a society and a nation. Stop and think about how technology effects you both positively and negatively every day.

102000/11/17

A HISTORICAL APPROACH

When did computers begin to have an effect on people?

How have we been affected? What HAVE we done? Have we become too dependent on

computers? What can we do about it?

112000/11/17


The early machines - one-off, isolated 1950: UNIVAC - the first multi-frame

machine 1955: IBM 650 - the first University

machine 1960: IBM 1620 - the first College

machine The period of the “priest-hood” of

programmers

122000/11/17

Early Programming

132000/11/17


1965-1975: Time sharing 1964: The first e-mail “Personal computing” Immediate feedback Programming by trial and error

1965 - The introduction of the mini-computer

The beginning of the period of computing as a “public utility” - for the privileged few

142000/11/17


1970s - The microcomputer for enthusiasts

1975 - Computers in the office 1980 - The IBM PC 1984 - The Macintosh The period of the “HOME” computer And since then …

The INTERNETFor the Millions

152000/11/17


1940 - first computation over telephone lines

1960s - the MODEM and Timesharing 1970s - networking 1980s - ARPANet, NSFNet, BITNET, …

News groups, LISTSERVs, 1990s - The INTERNET - WWW

The period of ubiquitous computing

162000/11/17

Ringing the Changes

Computeras a Number Cruncher

Computeras a Utility

Computeras a Communicator

Computeras a generalpurpose system

Computeras a SearchEngine

Computeras a Tool

172000/11/17

How have we been affected?

The early days: “computerists” became addicted but proud and dedicated to the public - the concept of the

GIANT BRAIN to the insiders - the dumb,

recalcitrant, moronic computer

182000/11/17


1950s - the emergence of the HACKER

1960s - the identification of the user The computer replaces the slide rule The job of the “future” The era of job swapping

1970s - the connected user 1980s - the personal computer 1990s - the on-line millions

192000/11/17


Users have moved from being an elite “professionally responsible” to a community with widely varying attitudes

Very high level applications allow anyone to develop a program

Including the untrained, the untrainable, and the don’t-wannabe-trained

202000/11/17

The stages of impact

Direct replacement of an activity with little change in productivity

Enhancement of activities by improvements in speed and efficiency

Extending activities to those that could not be done previously

212000/11/17

What HAVE we done?

Created a “DIGITAL DIVIDE” The have’s and the have’nots

Between schools, between school districts Between the old and the young Between parents and children Between male and female Between rich and poor Between town and country

222000/11/17

What HAVE we done?

Look at almost any job description! Qualifications for a secretary:

(1) ...Working knowledge of standard office practices, equipment and word- processing software; ….Preferences given for experience with spreadsheets and graphics software, Microsoft Word, Word Equation and Excel; ... experience editing and proofreading complex documents. (2) Preferences given for experience working on a Mac OS, experience with Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, and

Banner, experience maintaining a database.

232000/11/17

1970 IBM Advertisement

242000/11/17

Yesterday, Marion was a billing clerkToday, she’s a whole department.

Friden Advertisement1965

252000/11/17

What HAVE we done?

WAREHOUSE SUPERVISOR: Must be computer literate to include word

processing, spreadsheets, web-based research, and email. Must have a valid vehicle operator's permit and a good driving record.

We have changed people’s livesFor good or bad?

262000/11/17

Informality vs the Archive

The e-mail seemed so innocent. "Betty, hi," he remembers cheerfully typing to his colleague. "I haven't been successful reaching you by phone, so I'll try e-mail instead."

And so Bill Lampton--then an employee of a large hospital--dashed off the rest of his note on some trivial office matter and hit the send button.

Betty never got past the greeting.

"I have no idea what you mean about my not returning phone calls," Lampton recalls Betty firing back. "To have you accuse me of ignoring your calls is unthinkable and inexcusable. . . . As to the purpose of the e-mail that you sent me, I prefer not to respond, as I dislike dealing with anyone who assumes the worst of me."

272000/11/17

Have we become too dependent on computers?

Have we become too dependent on:

Steel?Cars?Oil?Electricity?Telephones?Plastic?

Television? Housing?Airplanes?Clothing?Prosthetics?Society?

282000/11/17

What have we done to Society?

Collapsed time? Collapsed space? Broken down natural barriers? Intermixed incompatible attitudes? Invaded privacy? Made it vulnerable? Created an information overload?

292000/11/17

302000/11/17

What have we done to Society?

Provided a new industry with expanding employment needs

New life for old industries Improved communications Created tools that would otherwise be

impossible Saved time Changed the “Atomic Age” into the

“Information Age”

For

312000/11/17

What are the dangers?

Using computers where simpler solutions exist

Using software in critical situations Safety critical applications Mission critical systems

BUT AREN’T THESE OFFSET BY ADVANTAGES?

322000/11/17

What are the advantages?

Using software in critical situations Safety critical applications Mission critical systems

More easily upgradeable, replaceable

Millions of new uses, new capabilities

332000/11/17

What can we do about it?

Should we become Luddites? (See http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Luddite)

342000/11/17

Should we have killed the railroad engine?

352000/11/17

Should we NOT continue to develop the computer?

We cannot go backward We have not had a MAJOR

breakthrough since 1970 - the integrated circuit

What is the next big step going to be and where?

What will be the effect?

362000/11/17

Progress, Development, Evolution

Whatever we do We will not stop progress We will not stop people using our products

in ways that we do appreciate And we WILL find new uses and

applications that will be advantageous

372000/11/17

Stopping ProgressAn Example

382000/11/17

One last thought

Martin Luther King:

“Our technology is outstripping our spirituality”

social and economic implication of the use of the computers by indrani chakraborty for ix cs

Documents