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SOBEK
1D/2D modelling suite for integral water solutions
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Throughout the world, there is a growing need
for integral water solutions. We need protection
from excess water in order to live safely in delta
areas and river basins. Our water systems also
need to be clean and sustainable. To support water
authorities, consultancy firms, research institutes
and universities worldwide, Deltares offers an
integrated modelling suite called SOBEK for the
integral simulation.
General
SOBEK is a powerul modelling suite or flood orecasting,
optimisation o drainage systems, control o irrigation systems,
sewer overflow design, r iver morphology, salt intrusion and surace
water quality. The programmes within the SOBEK modelling suite
simulate the complex flows and the water related processes in
almost any system. The programmes represent phenomena and
physical processes in an accurate way in one-dimensional (1D)
network systems and on two-dimensional (2D) horizontal grids. It
is the ideal tool or guiding the designer in making optimum use o
resources.
It has been developed - and is being urther developed - jointly with
Dutch public institutes and governmental organisations, research
institutes, universities and private consultants all over the world.
Integrated approach
SOBEK offers one sofware environment or the simulation o
all management problems in the areas o river and estuarine
systems, drainage and irrigation systems and wastewater and
storm water systems. This allows or combinations o flow in
closed conduits, open channels, rivers overland flows, as well
as a variety o hydraulic, hydrological and environmental
processes.
SOBEK1D/2D modelling suite for integral water solutions
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A powerful hydrodynamic 1D/2D simulation engine
The hydrodynamic 1D/2D simulation engine is the computationalcore o SOBEK. This engine is used in all D-Flow programmes
within SOBEK modelling suite. Thus allowing the combined
simulation o pipe-, river-, channel- and overland flow throughan implicit coupling o 1D and 2D flow equations. SOBEK is the
ideal tool or studying the effects o dam breaks, river floods,
dike breaches, urban flooding etc.
Robustness of numerical operations
The hydrodynamic 1D/2D simulation engine is equipped with
a very robust scheme or numerical computation. It also
guarantees mass conservation, even in case o transitions
through suddenly varying cross section shapes. The engine
combines computations o subcritical and supercritical flow,
at scales selected by the user. It handles flooding and drying
o channels without the use o artificial methods such as the
Preissmann slot.
Numerical efficiency
The hydrodynamic 1D/2D simulation engine has a very efficient
numerical solution algorithm; this is based upon the optimum
combination o a minimum connection search direct solver and
the conjugate gradient method. It also applies a variable time
step selector, which suppresses the waste o computational time
wherever this is easible.
Size of models
The size o the model is only limited by the size o the internal
memory o the computer used.
Example integrated model (D-Flow 1D Pipes and D-Flow 1D Open Water plus D-Rainall Runoff Open Water programmes), Hong Kong
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large and complex sewer networks on an ordinary PC, where the
computation time is only linear with the size o the network
and independent o its complexity. The hydrodynamic 1D/2D
simulation engine has an automatic drying and pressurised
procedure and handles real supercritical flow and is always 100%
mass conservative. It uses a sel-selecting time step so your
computer will not crash and accuracy is guaranteed. All possible
boundary conditions can be specified by you or are automatically
applied. You can speciy virtually any type o hydraulic structure,
such as single or multiple stage pumps, weirs o any shape,
rectangular and circular gates, culverts and basins. All structures
handle ree, submerged and transient flow conditions. The D-Flow
1D Pipes programme includes rainall runoff inflow, dry weather
flows and the processes or various types o paved areas, such
as streets, roos and parking lots. You may define your own time
and spatially varied rainall pattern, or historical data o storm
events and long time series with or without dry per iods. Detailed
infiltration as a time-dependent process ollowing the HORTON
equation is also available. Real-time control options, including
PID control, are available or all structures and are ideal or
complex centralised control systems using rainall predictions.
Sediment transport computation shows where sediment might
be deposited; interaces completely with the D-Flow 1D Open
Water programme to provide an integrated model o the urbanwater system and its environment.
D-Flow 2D Overland
This programme is ully integrated with the D-Flow 1D Open
Water and D-Flow 1D Pipes programmes or accurate flood
simulation o river systems, polder areas, breaches o levees/
dikes and dams, streets, etc. It is based upon the complete de
Saint Venant Equations. The hydrodynamic 1D/2D simulation
engine simulates steep ronts, wetting and drying processes,
subcritical and supercr itical flow. It also handles multi domains
and nested multi domains. The D-Flow 2D Overland programme
includes rainall on the 2D grid.
D-Rainfall Runoff Open Water
This programme contains a library o Rainall Runoff modules
rom polder subcatchment scale up to r iver catchment scale, such
as HBV and SCS. The catchment areas can easily be modelled ina lumped or detailed manner with no restriction to the number
o catchment areas. The catchment areas can be modelled in
any detail using land elevation curves, soil characteristics, land
cultivation, drainage characteristics etc. It distinguishes between
various rainall run-off processes such as surace run-off, sub-soil
drainage and storage in saturated and unsaturated areas, taking
crop evaporation and capillary rise into account. The D-Rainall
Runoff Open Water programme uses separate storm events or
long time series o meteorological data or statistical analysis.
You can input your own rainall patterns or use historical data and
model any number o rainall gauges taking the spatial variation
into account. It can model both flood events and dry spells. This
programme can be used in combination with the D-Flow 1D Open
Water programme and the D-Real Time Control programme. The
D-Rainall Runoff Open Water programme can also be used as a
stand-alone, using reservoir approach or open water flow.
D-Water Quality 1D
This programme is based on the water quality 1D/2D/3D simulation
engine which offers you more than 30 years o collective water
quality modelling experience worldwide. It models almost any
water quality variable and its related water quality processes. This
component is highly flexible due to the many standard options and
user-defined options available. It uses a library o 900 processes
and substances, including eutrophication, adsorption, desorpt ion,
nutrients, bacteria, oxygen, phyloplankton, heavy metals and
micro-pollutants. The interactive processes editor allows you toExample flood modelling Daly River, Australia
QUICKIN, a powerul editor o grid related data, such as bathymetries
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select the water quality variables and processes you want to
model. Pre-defined sets o water quality variables and processes
can be used or particular problems or ollowing the standard set
o rules and regulations or specific regions. To analyse the origin
o pollutants in any water system, raction computations can
be easily made. No additional input data is required or raction
computations, which makes it easy to trace water or pollutants
rom to its source throughout the network. The state-o-the-art
numerical schemes o the water quality 1D/2D/3D simulation
engine use a finite volume approach and the programme
display mass balances. It is ully integrated with the standard
user interace. Which means that standard network editing,
animations, graphs and other post-processing acilities o SOBEK
are used. Various options are available to avoid the tedious job o
defining your boundary conditions. For example defining deault
boundary values or clusters o inflow locations. The possibility
to overwrite these deaults or specific locations, and the option
to link your own ASCII input file with boundary data.
D-Real Time Control
Real-time control ofen saves money in the construction,
alteration and management o the water system inrastructure.
The D-Real Time Control programme shows to what extent the
existing inrastructure can be used in a better way. It allows you
to simulate complex real-time control o all hydraulic structures
in rivers, canals, irrigation and drainage systems and/or pipe
networks. This programme allows the system to react optimally
to actual water levels, discharges, (orecasted) rainall, by
controlling gates, weirs, sluices and pumps. The D-Real Time
Control programme can also be linked to Matlab, the industrial
standard or control engineers, and even allows you to define your
complete control system in Matlab. It enables you to intervene in
events taking place within your water system. This programme
helps you make inormed choices about automation and the
best water control strategy. All standard irrigation automation
concepts can be handled with this programme.
Graphical User Interface
The Graphical User Interace (GUI) is one o the most user-riend ly
in the market. Under the umbrella o this GUI the programmes
combine into an exceptionally versatile and easy-to-use power
suite. The GUI allows the user to visualize model input, reerence
data and simulation results as time series and animations o
one- and two-dimensional data sets on the map and in side views.
The SOBEK modelling suite is open or additional pre and post
processing tools (such as the QUICKIN tool), a powerul editor
o grid related data (such as bathymetries or the D-Flow 2D
Overland programme) running standalone and as ArcGIS plug-in.
The SOBEK programmes are also available as plug-ins in the open
operational ramework called Delf-FEWS. Within Delf-FEWS the
programmes can either be deployed in a stand-alone, manually
driven environment, or in a ully automated distributed client-
server environment.
Validation
The validation o a modelling system such as SOBEK requires
continuous attention. Even though the individual programmes o
the suite have been thoroughly tested during their development,
the suite as a whole requires intensive testing and validation
too. To this end, a regular programme is established and tests o
many o the most likely combinations are continually perormed.
As a policy, new versions are released only afer an extensive
beta testing period, to ensure that our users are only provided
with stable and validated products.
System requirements
SOBEK is supported on Microsof Windows. The advised minimum
requirements are a configuration consisting o:
Minimal Preferred
Processor 1,5 GHz 3 GHz
Memory 512 MB 4 GB
Disk ree 2 GB 20 GB
Example Graphical User Interace o Delf-FEWS with SOBEK programmes
as plug-ins, Po River, Italy
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Service packages
Deltares offers high quality services to consultancy firms,
governmental organizations, universities and research institutes
worldwide.
Several SOBEK service packages, including ully validated high
quality SOBEK distributions, are available to suit your specific
needs!
For consultancy firms, governmental organizations and
research institutes worldwide we have designed our Basic
Service Packages, Advance Service Packages, Proessional
Service Package, Premium Service Package and Enterprise
Service Package.
For universities and schools, we offer our Education Service
Package.
Designed with you in mind, they offer you your requested level o
convenience.
Support desk
The SOBEK support desk is the users instantly accessible contact
point or all questions and problems concerning the sofware. The
support team answers the majority o questions instantly or takes
responsibility that a timely reply is given by one o the other SOBEK
team members. All incoming queries on the sofware packages,
current or uture perormance, are recorded in our proessional
issue tracker system. This system is an important instrument in
the realisation o improvements to the programmes, the manuals
and the Deltares Academy training courses. New versions o SOBEK
will be released once a year to all users, as part o their package.
Users meetings
Deltares organizes an annual international SOBEK users meeting.
Multiple smaller SOBEK users meetings are organized at
international conerences worldwide; providing excellent venues to
get updates on the latest developments and to meet other SOBEK
users.
Deltares Academy
Please visit the www.deltaresacademy.com or all inormation
about our SOBEK training courses.
Ongoing developments
To keep SOBEK up-to-date with state-o-the-art knowledge, we
constantly update and extend the system. Please contact us
i you are interested in particular eatures that go beyond the
deault unctionality mentioned. Developments o the SOBEK suite
currently include:
D-Morphology 1D programme (1D-3D)
D-Water Quality 2D programme (1D-3D)
Flexible Mesh support: an integrated engine based on 1D networks
and 3D/2D layered mesh o mixed triangles, quadrilaterals, and
more complex cells DeltaShell, open flexible modelling suite or 0D-3D models
OpenMI compliant (in DeltaShell)
OpenDA (in DeltaShell)
Redhat/Linux.
For our beta testing programme, please contact
Impression o the new user interace: DeltaShell, open flexible modelling suite
or 0D-3D models
Example D-Flow Flexible Mesh, San Francisco Bay, USA
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Photos by: BeeldbankVenW.nl, Rijkswaterstaat / Joop van Houdt.
PO Box 177
2600 MH Delf
Rotterdamseweg 185
2629 HD Delf
The Netherlands
T +31 (0)88 335 81 88
F +31 (0)88 335 81 11
www.deltaressystems.nl