Smart Urban Water Grids

Albert E. JansenWater Innovation Consulting (WIC)

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Content

• Current urban non-sustainable water system• System stress• The Solution: SUWG• Several examples of sustainable solutions• Summary

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Climate Change:Water scarcity

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Source:Deltares

Climate Effect Atlas – Amsterdam – Scenario G2050

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Source: Global Risks Reports 2014-2015,

World Economic Forum

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Smart Urban Water Grids• Surface water canals: mobility, floating treatment• Drinking water from rain fall catchments• Hot Water supply (industry to urban)• Nutriënts supply from household/industry to Urban Agro• Procces water from household waste water• Medicin removal from hospitals and households

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Autarkic houses

Floating Water Treatment Cascade

The development of modular flexible constructs on demand can relief the socio-economic pressure that results from climate change, population growth

and increasing urbanization.

More specifically, the Floating Water Treatment Cascade contributes to water security and to a circular and bio-based economy by preventing the waste of fresh water

and the waste of raw materials.

System DesignWater reuse Shower

safety, stability and sealing

usable on almost every surface

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Eautarcie (website)Parameters Eenheden Min

waarde Max Gem.waarde

Normen voor drinkwater

Zuurgraad: pH - 6,31 8,01 7,23 6,5 - 9,5

Geleidbaarheid µS/cm 36 190 90 < 2100

Nitraten NO3

2 mgN/l 0,2 4,7 1,5 < 11,3

Ammonium NH4

+ mgN/l 0,010 0,059 0,022 < 0,5

Chloriden Cl- mg/l 1,0 16,7 6,5 < 350Sulphaten SO4

2- mg/l < 8 < 8 < 8 < 250

Calcium mg/l 4,3 15,3 10,1 < 270Magnesium mg/l 0,14 0,52 0,21 < 50Zink µg/l 50 1731 466 < 5000Ijzer µg/l < 50 < 50 < 50 < 200Cadmium µg/l < 10 < 10 < 10 < 50Lood µg/l < 50 < 50 < 50 < 50

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Surface area needed to match rainfall with drinking water demand

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Drivers

Issue Solution• Health Drinking water contains: nutriënts, EDC’s, heavy

metals and hardness

• Sustainability No CO2, 90 % less energy, no chemicals higher WWTP efficiency and energy- and nutriënt recovery

• Scarcity Use of water in stead of spilling to sea

• City Rainproof Storage and Use

• Economy Lower societal costs ; business opportunity

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Sustainability

Drinkingwater/m3: Leiduin Weesperkaspel Hemel(s)waterkg CO2 - eq. 0,225 0,242 < 0

kWh elec. 0,446 0,403 0,0101

kg chemicals NaOH 0,104 0,098 0,000 HCl 0,018 0,020 0,000 FeCl3 0,028 0,112 0,000 Active carbon 0,012 0,013 0,000 CaCO3 0,000 0,000 0,100

1 MF 0,2 bar Bron: Waternet 2015

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Water quality

Drinking water• Poluted sources• For some inpurities • Drinking water guidlines are

a technical – health compromise

Hemel(s)water• Rain is very pure source• Run fall shoulb be kept

clean• Treatment to remove

nutrients and or minor bacteria to garantee safety

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WHO Drinking water guidelines 6.2 Rainwater harvesting

• Rainwater harvesting is widely practiced at a household level but is increasingly being used on a larger community scale. Rainwater can provide an important source of drinking-water in some circumstances as well as a useful source of water for blending with other sources to reduce the levels of contaminants of health concern, such as arsenic and fluoride.

• The development of formal WSPs at the household level may not always be practical, but promotion of sanitary inspection with simple good practice is important.

• Well-designed rainwater harvesting systems with clean catchments, covered cisterns and storage tanks, and treatment, as appropriate, supported by good hygiene at point of use, can offer drinking-water with very low health risk.

• Further treatment at the point of consumption may be applied to ensure better quality of drinking-water and reduce health risk. Solar water disinfection and point of use chlorination are examples of low-cost disinfection options for the treatment of stored rainwater. These and other household water treatment technologies are discussed in more detail in sections 7.3.2 (microbial) and 8.4.4 (chemical).

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Toepassingen

1. Family (3 p.); Drinking water – 8 l/day - <0,5 l/h

2. Family (3 p.); Drinking + Shower water 200 l/day – 8 l/h

3. Sport bar (10.000 glasses/week); 3 m3/week – 17 l/h

4. Eco village (20 p.); Drinking water 60 l/day – 2,5 l/h

5. Eco village (60 p.); Drinking water 180 l/day – 7 l/h

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IBC 1: Rain water storageOptional: nutrient removal

IBC 2: Drinking water storageOptional: desinfection

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IBC 1: Rain water storageOptional: nutrient removal

IBC 2: Drinking water storageOptional: desinfection

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Water Treatment Technologies

Membrane Filtration Membrane distillation

BUIKSLOTERHAM IS RAINPROOF AND HAS RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM WASTE WATER

Circulair Buiksloterham

• All rainwater is managed above ground with the capacity to handle heavy peak rainfall without flooding or nuisance; Buiksloterham is a “rainproof” part of the city

• Domestic & commercial water demand is reduced by 25%• Different quality levels of water are matched to different end uses: drinking water

is used intelligently for only high quality functions• Wastewater is mostly source separated; heavily polluted water is not mixed with

lightly polluted water (ideally, yellow and black water are collected separately)• Most of the total nutrients and other resources from wastewater are recovered in

usable form with a target of full recovery; heat should be recovered from wastewater where possible & sensible

• Most of the micro pollutants from wastewater are fully removed

Waternet

Circulair Buiksloterham

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RainproofBuilding

Amsterdam Rainproof

DakAkker Rotterdam

a building with a

SMARTROOF smart waterstorage

www.dakakker.nl

DakAkker

• 1.000 m2 rooftopfarm realized in Rotterdam• Plan = 20.000 m2 rooftopfarm• With Smartroofs (retentionroofs) that

anticipate on the weather forecasts(It ‘s a real Dutch landscape on the a roof with dykes, locks and windmills…)

www.dakakker.nl

Actief in de volgende markten: Civiel

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Smart Urban Water Grids

A solution for water stress in citiesHealthier populationA promis to sustainabilityAn ad-on to rainproof buildingsIn the end: water-autarkic cities?