FORMULATION OF LOCAL AREA PLANS AND TOWN PLANNING SCHEME

R.SRINIVAS TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING ORGANIZATION

MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS

Urban India: Challenges

Rapid pace of urbanization poses an unprecedented managerial and policy challenge for sustainability Population of India : 1210.2 mn. Level of urbanization : 31%* Urban population : 377.10 mn.

RAPID PACE OF URBANISATION

62 79

109

159

176

286

377

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

19

51

19

61

19

71

19

81

19

91

20

01

20

11

URBAN

RURAL

POPULATION IN MILLION

Increase in urban population : 15x 25 mn.(1901) to 377.10 mn. (2011)

Increase in no. of urban settlements : 4x 1967 (1901) TO 7933(2011) 10000+……2021/31

Pace of Urbanization and

Population size

Urban India: Challenges

Development pressure is concentrated in Metropolises. 53 Metropolitan cities account for more than 42% of urban population in India, posing the biggest sustainability challenge.

Metropolis led urbanization

5

18.9%

19

51

19

61

19

81

20

01

20

11

NUMBER OF METROPOLITAN CITIES AND SHARE OF URBAN POPULATION

23.6%

27.7%

37.8%

42.6%

7

12

35

53 Urban India: Challenges

STATUS OF MASTER PLANS/DEVELOPMENT PLANS

Total Number of Cities and Towns : 7933

Total Number of Master Plans: 2738 ( 34% )

Total Number of Statutory Towns : 4041

Total Number of Statutory Towns having Master Plan : 1938 (48%)

Total Number of Census Towns : 3892

Total Number of Census Towns having Master Plan : 800 (20%)

Percentage of Urban Population in Statuary Towns 85%

Percentage of Urban Population in Census Towns 15%

• Master Plan preparation process takes a long time.

• Proposals/estimates have not kept pace with the unprecedented growth and

future requirement of cities.

• Master Plans are generally silent on costing and financial management for

infrastructure provisioning.

• Master Plan document has been perceived, as static while city is a fast

growing and dynamic entity.

• No specific set of incentives were outlined(in terms of financial assistance)

to implement the Master Plan.

MASTER PLAN CRITIQUE

• Master Plan instead of becoming tool for regulated development has became a platform for stakeholder dissent(as experienced in MPD).

• Zoning and Development Regulations are cumbersome to follow and with the weak enforcement.

• Master Plan as guide for planned development ultimately become a sort of document which was seen as less amenable/accomodative to the unforeseeable changes in the city requirements.

MASTER PLAN CRITIQUE……

Area- based development is one of the strategy under the Mission :

To transform existing areas (retrofit and redevelop), including slums, into better planned ones, thereby improving livability .

New areas (Greenfield) to be developed around cities in order to accommodate the expanding population in urban areas.

Area based strategy will improve quality of life, create employment and enhance incomes for all, especially the poor and the disadvantaged, leading to inclusive Cities.

Green retrofitting of a building both owner and tenants can attain the benefits which are either tangible or intangible benefits.

Reduction in consumption of energy, utilities and water.

AREA BASED STRATEGY UNDER SMART CITY MISSION

LOCAL AREA PLAN AND TOWN PLANNING SCHEME

Redevelopment Areas

Expansion Areas

Master Plan Area

Built up City Area

AMRUT: GIS based Master Plan

Pilot Scheme: LAP & TPS Redevelopment Areas:

Local Area Plans New Urban areas:

Town Planning Scheme

Master Plan of City

THE LOCAL AREA PLANNING PROCESS

•Urban planning and urban design proposals Land uses and density

Road Network

Layout of the basic infrastructure facilities

Altering plot boundaries and provision of Social Amenities

Area-Specific regulatory parameters

Carrying Capacity Analysis

Amendment to Town and Country Planning Acts/UDA Acts

• Public consultations

• Implementation strategy Financial details (Project cost, Project Revenues)

Statutory Timeframe to prepare LAP (as proposed currently)

9

Area Based Development

WHERE CAN LOCAL AREA PLANS CAN BE IMPLEMENTED

Old city / heritage core of the city Predominantly commercial area Predominantly residential development Already developed areas Partially developed / infill area / brown field area development

areas of the city Slums/unauthorised colonies Disaster prone part of the city

BENEFITS OF LOCAL AREA PLANS

• Active Stakeholder Consultations

• Prioritization of Projects based on Citizen’s Participation

• Area Based Regulations based on carrying capacity

• Quick Redressal of Grievances.

• “Putting People First - Action Programme for Effective Local Government”(Source:Local Area Plans Guidelines for Planning Authorities,Government of Ireland)

Original Layout

Land Readjustment

Land Acquisition

Development under LR Vs L Aq.

LR compared to other methods

Change in Land Value

Town Planning Scheme (TPS)

• Long legacy - TPS in erstwhile Bombay state

• Macro level DP implemented through TPS (DP-TP model) as micro

level planning tool

• Town Planning Scheme - a tool to Implement

• Land availability for neighborhood / city level infrastructure

• Reconstitution and appropriation of land holdings

• Financing of neighborhood level infrastructure

• Development areas divided into TPS ranging from 100 - 3000 ha

• In Ahmedabad almost no land acquisition for public use / housing

by UDA/ULB

Effects of Land Readjustment Projects

• Direct Effects

I. Construction and improvement of public facilities

II. Promotion of use of housing sites

III. Supply of serviced land and planned urbanization

IV. Adjustment of lot numbers and street names, settlement of land-rights

• Indirect Effects

I. Economic – better access to economic opportunities, business,

II. Disaster mitigation – evacuation areas, laying infrastructure, quick response

III. Welfare – Improved accessibility, improved living conditions, traffic safety

IV. Environmental Upgradation - increase in coverage of green spaces

V. Financial - self financing aspect, resource mobilization in innovative ways

Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs Initiative Scheme on Formulation of Local Area Plan and Town Planning

Scheme in Smart Cities

BACKGROUND OF THE NEW SCHEME-LAP& TPS

In the backdrop of rapid urbanization two key challenges are have emerged:

Existing settlements formed over years through incremental growth/accretion contain areas in city core that may require redevelopment.

Physical expansion on periphery leading to haphazard growth, substandard urban services.

I. Existing areas/city core can be redeveloped by preparing Local Area based Plans (LAPs).

II. Town Planning Schemes (TPS) can be implemented for planned urban expansion in the peripheral greenfield areas.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PILOT SCHEME

1. Establishing a framework for redevelopment of existing areas through

the development of LAPs

2. Enabling planned expansion in peri-urban areas through UEP

3. Supporting Value Capture techniques to finance infrastructure

investments.

4. Creating enabling legal framework where required.

5. Building capacity through training and certification of planners at city and

state level to ensure proper implementation of the above strategies.

Demonstrate applicability of Redevelopment Plan (RP) and Expansion Plans (EP) as efficient planning tools – eventually encourage replication across cities/states

COVERAGE :CITIES IDENTIFIED

All 25 cities are covered under Smart cities Mission.

All cities have notified Master

Plans. Scheme is on pilot basis and

depending on State Government response, more cities may be covered in future.

Sl.

No City State

Population

Census 2011

Whether Master

Plan

Available/Notified

1 Greater

Visakhapatnam

Andhra Pradesh 6,47,508 Yes

2 Guwahati Assam 9,57,352 Yes

3 Vadodara Gujarat 16,70,806 Yes

4 Indore Madhya Pradesh 19,64,086 Yes

5 Chennai Tamil Nadu 46,46,732 Yes

6 Bengaluru Karnataka 84,43,675 Yes

7 Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 7,43,691 Yes

8 Warangal Telangana 6,15,998 Yes

9 Pune Maharashtra 31,24,458 Yes

10 Varanasi Uttar Pradesh 11,98,491 Yes

11 Jaipur Rajasthan 30,46,163 Yes

12 Amritsar Punjab 11,32,383 Yes

13 Patna Bihar 16,84,222 Yes

14 Faridabad Haryana 8,76,969 Yes

15 Bhubaneswar Odisha 8,40,834 Yes

16 Ranchi Jharkhand 10,73,427 Yes

17 Raipur Chhattisgarh 10,10,433 Yes

18 Panaji Goa 1,14,405 Yes

19 Shimla Himachal Pradesh 1,69,578 Yes

20 New Kolkata West Bengal 1,85,060 Yes

21 Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir 12,06,419 Yes

22 Dehradun Uttarakhand 5,69,578 Yes

23 Aizawl Mizoram 2,91,822 Yes

24 Gangtok Sikkim 1,00,286 Yes

25 Imphal Manipur 2,68,243 Yes

FUNDING

1. Stakeholders’ consultation to be conducted by UDA/ULB to prioritize requirements and facilitate implementation

2. Review of statutory framework in the state to assess for preparation and implementation of RP and EP

3. Nodal Agency shall be identified by the state for coordination at state level

4. Capacity Building of personnel from the UDA/ULB for preparation and implementation of RP and EP

Installment Percentage of total funds Stage of releases (3 Installments)

I 20% On the identification of cities and submission of

preliminary proposal

II 40% Submission of Draft Plan

III 40% Submission of Final Plan

Cost calculation only includes technical component, no physical/development work The central assistance for the Scheme would be 100% and shall be released in 3

Installment

TIME PERIOD AND DELIVERABLES

The pilot is spread over a period of three years. The cities will submit proposals as and when they have completed the training programme:

Preliminary proposal - 2 months

Draft Plan - 10 months

Final Plan - 12 months (One year)

CEPT University has already conducted for Capacity Building Programme in LAP and TPS for the Town Planners working in T&CPDs,UDAs and ULBs.

METHODOLOGY FOR LOCAL AREA PLAN(LAP) Sl No Stage / Activities Total duration

A Preliminary Stage 2 Months

1 Delineation of the project area

2 Preliminary Gazette Notification

3 Stakeholdes’ Consultation

B Draft Stage 10 months

1 Detailed area survey (Scale 1:250/1:500)

2 Compiling list of land owners

3 Infrastructure assessment, projections

4 Merger of original plots and preparation of final plots (Scale 1:250 / 1:500) Emerging provisions of TDR, Area Based FSI, New and renewable energy, Environment conservation for urban lakes, Disaster management, Rain water harvesting etc. be used

5 Stakeholders’ consultation

C Final proposal 1 Year

1 Submitting proposal in government for approval

2 Gazette Notification

METHODOLOGY FOR TOWN PLANNING SCHEME (TPS) Sl No Stage / Activities Total duration

A Preliminary Stage 2 Months

1 Delineation of the project area

2 Preliminary Gazette Notification

3 Stakeholdes’ Consultation

B Draft Stage 10 Months

1 Detailed area survey (Scale 1:250/1:500)

2 Compiling list of land owners

3 Infrastructure assessment, projections

4 Merger of original plots and preparation of final plots (Scale 1:250 / 1:500) Emerging provisions of TDR, Area Based FSI, New and renewable energy, Environment conservation for urban lakes, Disaster management, Rain water harvesting etc. be used

5 Stakeholders’ consultation

C Final proposal 1 Year

1 Submitting proposal in government for approval

2 Gazette Notification

Training and Certification

• 1-Day Sensitization Programmes – For political representatives and key decision makers at State/City level

• 3-Day Basic Programmes – For planners, engineers and other technical staff likely to be involved with implementation of the pilot

• 3-Day Advanced Programmes – For technical officers who have undergone Basic training, where advanced concepts such as uses of software and GIS, use of VCF tools etc. would be covered

Roles and Responsibilities

Entity Responsibilities

State UDD/ ULB/ UDA

•Plan preparation •Innovative source of finance (VCF, TDR etc) •Ensuring timely completion

MoHUA / TCPO

•Provision of funds •Monitoring progress •Coordination and facilitation of peer learning •Support external institution for training and capacity building •Knowledge bank

Review and Monitoring

• National Level

– An Apex Committee of AMRUT Mission, chaired by the Secretary, (MoHUA) and comprising representatives of related Ministries and organizations will supervise the pilot

• State level

– State Level High Powered Steering Committee (SHPSC) set up under the AMRUT Mission, chaired by the State Chief Secretary, shall steer the pilot

• National Level Technical Review and Monitoring Committee

– Shall be set up at TCPO for providing technical assistance to Apex Committee and SHPSC

– TCPO will examine and submit its recommendations to the Apex Committee for the release of installments

Thank You!