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SMART
Design and Technology Features
for both Electric & Non-Electric Applications
Interregional Workshop on Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technology for Near Term Deployment, 4~8 July 2011, Vienna, Austria
Keun Bae ParkSMART Technology Development
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 2
Contents
Features of SMART
Current Status of SMART Project
The Safety of SMART
Perspectives and Closing Remarks
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 3
Contents
Features of SMART
Current Status of SMART Project
The Safety of SMART
Perspectives and Closing Remarks
SMART : System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 4
Small & Medium Reactors (SMR) offer Several Advantages Enable enhanced safety features (robustness)
- Easier implementation of advanced safety features- Small source term and passive safety
Suitable for small or isolated electrical grids Lower capital cost per unit
- Small financial risks- Makes nuclear energy feasible for more utilities and energy suppliers
Siting and co-generation flexibilities Just-in-time capacity addition, Short construction time
- Enable to meet electric demand growth incrementally
Many realizable SMR concepts proposed are based on the LWR technology and reflection of the past experiences By eliminating the cause of accidents (initiators), instead of controlling
accidents (ex. DBAs) Integral PWR fits into these logical requirements
SMR Solutions to Global Energy Issues
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 5
Integral PWR SMART
Control Rod Drive Mechanism
Pressurizer
Reactor Coolant Pump
Upper Guide Structure
Core Support Barrel
Flow Mixing Header Ass’y
Core
ICI Nozzles
Steam Nozzle
Feedwater Nozzle
SteamGenerator
330 MWt (100 MWe) nominal output• Small core (57 fuel assemblies) and source term• Unit output enough to support electricity, water and heat
demand for population of 100,000
Integral PWR with no large RPV penetrations• Less than 2’’ penetrations• In-vessel Pressurizer• In-vessel Steam Generator• Canned Motor Pump
Inherent Safety*• Elimination of LB-LOCA by design• No core uncovery during SB-LOCA
Performance proved Fuel• Standard 17x17 UO2 (< 5 w/o U235) w/reduced height (2m)• Advanced Grid / IFM design• Peak Rod Burnup < 60 GWd/t• Performance proved @ operating PWRs
Improved Core Operability• Cycle length: 1,000 EFPD (~ 3 years)• Proven reactivity control measures
- CRDM, Soluble Boron, BP
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 6
Application of SMART
Plant Data
Power : 330 MWt Water : 40,000 t/day Electricity : 90 MWe
System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor
SeawaterFreshwater
Electricity
Desalination Plant
IntakeFacilities
Steam
SMART
SteamTransformer
330MWth Integral PWRElectricity Generation, Desalination and/or District Heating
Electricity and Fresh Water Supply for a City of 100,000 Population Suitable for Small Grid Size or Localized Power System
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 7
Application of SMART
4 Units of MED-TVC to produce 40,000 ton/day + 90 MWe Additional Protection of Possible Radioactive Contamination by
Steam Transformer
Desalination System
147 Gcal/h of Heat Supply to Local Area Heating + 82 MWeSupply of Electricity and 85°C Hot Water for 100,000 Populations
- Based on Peak Electric Power and Heat Usages of Korea
District Heating
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 8
NSSS Development Overview
Core DesignThermo-hydraulic DesignRadiation Protection
Nuclear DesignInstrument & Control SystemsMain Control Room DesignHuman Factor s Engineering
MMIS Design
RCS DesignSafety Systems DesignWater Chemistry DesignThermo-hydraulic Analyses
Fluid Systems Design
Performance AnalysesSafety AnalysesP.S.A.Severe Accident Design
Safety Analysis
Structural DesignRCS ArrangementComponent SpecificationSeismic Analyses
Mechanical Design
User RequirementsSystem IntegrationPre-operational Test
Design Integration
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 9
Nuclear Steam Supply System General
• Thermal/Electric Power : 330 MWt/100 MWe• Design Life Time : 60 Years
Design Characteristics• Integrated Primary System• Passive Residual Heat Removal System• Simplified Safety Injection System• Long Refueling Cycle : 36 months• Full Digital MMIS Technology
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 10
RPV and InternalsPSV Nozzle
CRDM Nozzle
ICI Nozzle
ICI Support Structure
PSV Nozzle
CRDM Nozzle
ICI Nozzle
PSV Nozzle
CRDM Nozzle
ICI Nozzle
ICI Support Structure
Flow Skirt
Core Support Barrel
Upper Guide Structure
1 x Flow Mixing Header Assembly8 x Helical Steam Generator
Impeller Flywheel
Diffuser
Component Cooling
Sealing Can
Shaft
Cooler Rotor
Stator
Impeller Flywheel
Diffuser
Component Cooling
Sealing Can
Shaft
Cooler Rotor
Stator
4 x Canned Motor Pump
1 x In-vessel Steam Pressurizer
25 x Mag-Jack CRDM
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 11
Control & Protection (Digital MMIS)
Fully Digitalized I&C System: DSP Platform 4 Channel Safety/Protection System and Communication 2 Channel Non-Safety System
Advanced Human-Interface Control Room Ecological Interface Design Alarm Reduction Elastic Tile Alarm
Safety A channelSafety B channelSafety C channelSafety D channel
Non-Safety X channelNon-Safety Y channel
Safety Interface network
Non-Safety Interface networkNon-Safety Backbone network
Hard-wired connectionLogical data flow connection
RSR RCR TSC ERF
ISO
PIS D
PIS C
PIS B
PIS A
NIS D
NIS C
NIS B
NIS A
PPS D
PPS C
PPS B
PPS A
RTSG D
RTSG C
RTSG B
RTSG A
AIS(PAM B)
AIS(PAM A)
SGCS D
SGCS C
SGCS B
SGCS A
SMS B(ICCMS)
SMS A(ICCMS)
SafetyInterface Network
SMS(NIMS)
NIS Y
NIS X
PIS Y
PIS X POCS
PRCS Y
PRCS X
SDCS Y
SDCS X
AIS IPS
Non-safetyInterface Network
PAM-D
SGSC
NSGSC
NSGSC SGSCNSGSC NSGSC
Display such as Information (IPS), Indication (AIS) and Alarm (AIS)
LDP
Field Sensors Field Sensors Ex-Core Detectors MCC NIMS Sensors Ex-Core Detector Field SensorsCEDM
MCPMCC MCC
Non-SafetyBackbone Network
SafetyShutdownControlPanel
Main Control Panel
Auxiliary Control Panel
AISCEDM ERFICCMSIPSMCCMCPMCRNISNSGSCPAM -DPIS POCS PPSPRCSRCRRSRSCOPS SDCSSGCSSGSCSMSSSTSC
: Alarm and Indication System: Control Element Drive Mechanism: Emergency Response Facility: Inadequate Core Cooling Monitoring System: Information Processing System: Motor Control Center: Main Coolant Pump: Main Control Room: Nuclear Instrumentation System: Non -Safety Grade Soft Controller: PAM Display: Process Instrumentation System: POwer Control System: Plant Protection System: PRocess Control System: Rad waste Control Room: Remote Shutdown Room: SMART COre Protection System : SeconDary Control System: Safety Grade Control System: Safety Grade Soft Controller: Specific Monitoring System: Sub -network Switch: Technical Support Center
Safety A channelSafety B channelSafety C channelSafety D channel
Non-Safety X channelNon-Safety Y channel
Safety Interface network
Non-Safety Interface networkNon-Safety Backbone network
Hard-wired connectionLogical data flow connection
RSR RCR TSC ERF
ISO
PIS D
PIS C
PIS B
PIS A
NIS D
NIS C
NIS B
NIS A
PPS D
PPS C
PPS B
PPS A
RTSG D
RTSG C
RTSG B
RTSG A
AIS(PAM B)
AIS(PAM A)
SGCS D
SGCS C
SGCS B
SGCS A
SMS B(ICCMS)
SMS A(ICCMS)
SafetyInterface Network
SMS(NIMS)
NIS Y
NIS X
PIS Y
PIS X POCS
PRCS Y
PRCS X
SDCS Y
SDCS X
AIS IPS
Non-safetyInterface Network
PAM-D
SGSC
NSGSC
NSGSC SGSCNSGSC NSGSC
Display such as Information (IPS), Indication (AIS) and Alarm (AIS)
LDP
Field Sensors Field Sensors Ex-Core Detectors MCC NIMS Sensors Ex-Core Detector Field SensorsCEDM
MCPMCC MCC
Non-SafetyBackbone Network
SafetyShutdownControlPanel
Main Control Panel
Auxiliary Control Panel
AISCEDM ERFICCMSIPSMCCMCPMCRNISNSGSCPAM -DPIS POCS PPSPRCSRCRRSRSCOPS SDCSSGCSSGSCSMSSSTSC
: Alarm and Indication System: Control Element Drive Mechanism: Emergency Response Facility: Inadequate Core Cooling Monitoring System: Information Processing System: Motor Control Center: Main Coolant Pump: Main Control Room: Nuclear Instrumentation System: Non -Safety Grade Soft Controller: PAM Display: Process Instrumentation System: POwer Control System: Plant Protection System: PRocess Control System: Rad waste Control Room: Remote Shutdown Room: SMART COre Protection System : SeconDary Control System: Safety Grade Control System: Safety Grade Soft Controller: Specific Monitoring System: Sub -network Switch: Technical Support Center
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 12
BOP Development Overview
Common Mat DesignStructural Integrity Design
Structural Design of Nuclear Island
Shielding DesignZoning of the Building
Radiation Protection
Bldg. Seismic AnalysesSite Characteristic
SeismicAnalyses
Containment Spray SystemHydrogen Control System
BOP Safety System
Containment Bldg.Auxiliary Bldg.TG Bldg.Compound Bldg.
General Arrangement
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 13
Balance of Plant
Schematic Diagram of the Secondary System
General Arrangement Reactor Bldg & Aux/Compound/EDG Bldg
EDG Bldg
Composite Bldg
Aux. BldgTBN Bldg
Containment
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 14
Electric System 100% x 2 Emergency DG & Alternate AC Power (Water-tight Bldg) Emergency Battery to Vital Systems for 10 hrs
Containment Building Passive Auto-catalytic Hydrogen Recombiners (12) Containment Spray System (2 Trains)
Water source from Sump integrated IRWST Containment Isolation System Aircraft Impact Proof
Auxiliary Building Quadrant Wrap-around Fuel Storage Inside Aircraft Impact Proof Single Base-mat with Containment
(Seismically Resistant)
EDG Bldg
Composite Bldg
Aux. BldgTBN Bldg
Containment
Balance of Plant
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 15
Structural Design of Nuclear Island Common mat for Reactor Containment Building and
Auxiliary Building
Reactor Containment Building Pre-stressed concrete structure Unbonded post tensioning system with 2 buttress Lined with carbon steel plate Provides enough ultimate pressure capacity Maintains structural integrity of cavity in
severe accident
Auxiliary Building Shear wall concrete structure system
Balance of Plant
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 16
Contents
Features of SMART
Current Status of SMART Project
The Safety of SMART
Perspectives and Closing Remarks
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 17
SMART Development _ Chronicle
ConceptualDesign
(‘97.07 ~ ‘99.03)
NSSS & Desalination Concept (330 MWt)
Fundamental T/H Experiment
Mock-up Fabrication
NSSS Basic Design(’99.04 ~ ‘02.03)
NSSS Design (330 MWt) Design Methodology
& Computer Codes Preliminary Safety
Analysis Desalination System
SMART-PDevelopment
(‘02.07 ~ ’06.02)
65 MWt Detailed Design
Including Fuel , BOP Tech. Verification
Tests Safety Analysis
Pre-Project Service for SMART
(‘06.07 ~ ’07.06)
330 MWt, 660 MWtSystem Optimization Economic Feasibility
Study
Standard Design Approval
(’09.01 ~ ’11.12)
330 MWtStandard Design Separate/Integral
Effect & Performance Tests Design Methodology
and Codes Validation To Obtain SDA
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 18
Development Path
SDAConstruction
Verification
Mockup Tests S/G, RCP, CRDM, etc.
Separate Effect Tests for TransientsDigital Safety System Verification TestsIntegral T/H Verification Tests
Fuel Development & Test
LicenseStandard Design
SSAR, CDM, ITAAC, etc
0 10 20 30 40 500.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
Blockage Center Line (18.75 in)
Measured COBRA (Uniform Axial Noding) MATRA (Nonuniform Axial Noding)
Norm
alize
d Axia
l Velo
city
U block
ed/U
bund
le
Axial Location from Rod Bundle Inlet (in) 1k 10k 100k1k
10k
100k
-40%
+40%
Henry and Fauske Model
Pred
icted
Criti
cal M
ass F
lux [k
g/m2 s]
Measured Critical Mass Flux [kg/m2s]
KAERI (w/o NC) KAERI (with NC) Celata et al. (w/o NC) Celata et al. (with NC)
Topical Report for Licensing ApprovalSystem Design and Analysis Methodology, Fuel Design
Technology
More than 4,000 design & Licensing Documents
Improvement/ Applicability Evaluation
SMART-330 NSSS Basic Design SMART Basic Design
Small Scale Component Tests
Separate Effect TestsMMIS Essential Tech. Verification TestsSmall Scale Hi Temp. & Pres. Tests
Desig
n &
Li
cens
ing
S/G, RCP, CRDM, etc.
Computer Program Development
Reactor Design Methodology
Hard
ware
Verif
icatio
nTe
sts
Meth
odol
ogy
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 19
Partnership for the SMART Project
KAERI KEPCO Consortium
KEPCO Consortium
Project Management, Funding, Marketing Leads the feasibility study on the construction of a FOAKE plant site survey, social acceptance, economics, etc
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 20
Project Organization
GovernmentGovernment
KAERIKAERI
Standard DesignStandard DesignTechnology ValidationTechnology Validation
NSSS DesignNSSS Design
Fuel DesignFuel
DesignBOP
DesignBOP
Design
KEPCO ConsortiumKEPCO Consortium
Project Manage.Project Manage.
Comp. DesignComp. Design
Technology Validation : $60M Standard Design : $85M
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 21
Project Milestone – Technology Validation & Standard Design Approval
Standard Design, Licensing Q&A
2009 2010 2011 2012~17
LicensingSupport
Key Safety & Performance Validation
SSAR, CDM, EOG
SDA ApplicationPre-Application
TechnologyValidation
StandardDesign
Licensing
Standard Design Approval
FOAKE PlantConstruction Plan Preparation Underway
Separate Effect TestsDesign Tools & Methods
Regulatory Review
Pre-Application Review
Integral Effect Tests (VISTA)
SMART- ITLIntegral System Confirmation Tests
Construction
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 22
Current Status
Technology Validation 20 separate effect tests completed
Integral effect tests : small scale SBLOCA tests completed
Standard Design CDM, SSAR , EOG and related documents are submitted
for the application of Standard Design Approval
Licensing process is underway by Korean regulatory body
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 23
Licensing Milestone toward SDA
Pre-Application Review by KINS (in 2010) Application of Standard Design Approval (Dec. 30, 2010) Submits CDM, SSAR, EOG and related documents
Submits 22 Technical Reports
Document Conformance Evaluation (Feb. 2011) 190 comments demanding supplementary / additional materials
1st Round Questionnaire (April 25, 2011) 932 questionnaires received
2nd Round Questionnaire (July 25, 2011)
( ? ) questionnaires and pending issues
Nuclear Safety Committee Review : Nov. 2011
(goal) Standard Design Approval : Dec. 30. 2011
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 24
Contents
Features of SMART
Current Status of SMART Project
The Safety of SMART
Perspectives and Closing Remarks
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 25
SMART, a Proven Technology
SMART basically adopts Proven Technologies of Existing PWR
SMART-specific Technologies are being fully Validated Experimental Validation of SMART-specific Design Performance
and Safety Total of 22 Validation Experiments were Selected based on
− PIRT (Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table)− Experts Opinions from Regulation, Industries, Institutes
and Universities Experimental Validation envelop Fuel/Core, TH/Safety,
Mechanics/Components and Digital I&C Software Validation of Key Design Tools and Methods
Core Physics, Core Thermal-Hydraulics, Safety Analysis, ….
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 26
Technology Validation Tasks
Technology ValidationTechnology Validation StandardDesign
StandardDesign
Safety Tests Performance Tests Core SET• Freon CHF•Water CHF
Safety SET• Safety Injection•Helical SG Heat Transfer•Condensation HX Heat
Transfer Integral Effect Tests• VISTA SBLOCA• SMART-ITL
Core SET• Freon CHF•Water CHF
Safety SET• Safety Injection•Helical SG Heat Transfer•Condensation HX Heat
Transfer Integral Effect Tests• VISTA SBLOCA• SMART-ITL
Digital MMIS•Control Unit Platform•Communication Switch• Integral Safety System
Digital MMIS•Control Unit Platform•Communication Switch• Integral Safety System
Fuel Assembly•Out-of-Pile Mech./Hydr.
RPV TH•RPV Flow Distribution• Flow Mixing Header Ass.• Integral Steam PZR• PZR Level Measurement
Components•RCP Hydrodynamics•RPV Internals Dynamics• SG Tube Irradiation•Helical SG ISI• In-core Instrumentation
Fuel Assembly•Out-of-Pile Mech./Hydr.
RPV TH•RPV Flow Distribution• Flow Mixing Header Ass.• Integral Steam PZR• PZR Level Measurement
Components•RCP Hydrodynamics•RPV Internals Dynamics• SG Tube Irradiation•Helical SG ISI• In-core Instrumentation
Code Devel/V&V• Safety: TASS/SMR-S•Core TH: MATRA-S•Core Protec./Monitor.
Design Methodology•DNBR Analysis•Accident Analysis
(SBLOCA, LOFA, …) • Integral Rx Dynamics
Code Devel/V&V• Safety: TASS/SMR-S•Core TH: MATRA-S•Core Protec./Monitor.
Design Methodology•DNBR Analysis•Accident Analysis
(SBLOCA, LOFA, …) • Integral Rx Dynamics
Tools & Methods
V&VV&V
Technical ReportsTechnical Reports
Digital MMIS•MMI Human Interface•Control Room FSDM
Digital MMIS•MMI Human Interface•Control Room FSDM
StandardSAR
StandardSAR
Standard Design ApprovalStandard Design ApprovalStandard Design ApprovalStandard Design Approval
Des
ign
Dat
a
Digital MMIS Safety SystemDigital MMIS Control Room
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 27
Core Damage Factor Goal (Internal Event) less than 10-6 / RY
Containment Failure Factor Goal less than 10-7 /RY
Operator Action Spare Time at least 30 min.
Capacity for Station Black-Out minimum 8 hours
Severe Accident Mitigation Design
Earthquake Design 0.3g
Safety Goal of SMART
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 28
Safety Systems of SMART
Passive Residual Heat Removal System (4 trains) Safety Injection System (4 trains) Shutdown Cooling System (2 trains) Containment Spray System Diesel Generator Alternate AC Hydrogen Control
Passive auto-catalyst recombiner
Counter Measure – Severe AccidentLarge inventory of reactor coolantLarge containment volume
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 29
Evaluation for Station Blackout
SMART Safety is secured against Station Blackout 2 x Water-tight EDG and AAC insures Emergency Power Supply If EDG/AAC fails, Fully Passive (No Electricity) PRHRS insures
Safe Shutdown (PRHRS Heat Sink can be Replenished) Even with Incredible EDG/AAC+PRHRS failure, Sufficient Grace
Time* is insured for Operator’s Mitigation Actions : Probability of Event Occurrence for multiple failures of EDG/AAC+PRHRS = ~ 10-10/RY
PAR passively removes Hydrogen in Containment, if any
* Grace Time is defined as the Time allowed for Operator’s Action before Core Damage** No Replenishment of PRHRS Heat Sink Assumed
Scenario EDG/AAC PRHRS Grace Time*
1 Yes All 4 Trains -2 No All 4 Trains 20 Days**3 No 2 Trains 10 Days**4 No No 2.6 Days
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 30
Contents
Features of SMART
Current Status of SMART Project
The Safety of SMART
Perspectives and Closing Remarks
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 31
Perspectives of SMART
SMART-SDA Project Certified SMART Design will be available by 2012 for commercial
deployment
SMART is a Viable Option for Early Deployment of SMR Enhanced safety and operability by advanced design features Economic feasibility Flexible applications for both electricity and heat supply Low licensing risks by use of proven and fully validated technologies KEPCO consortium with wide NPP experiences strengthens the viability
of SMART
SMART Technology Innovation will continue Aircraft Crash : Underground Containment Multi-Unit Modularization Full Passive Safety Systems : Primary System
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 32
Perspectives of SMART
Footprint 300 x 300 m for Electricity System 200 x 300 m for Desalination System
SMART Construction Period 3 years
Target Economics Construction Cost
: $5,800/kWe Levelized Generation Cost
: ~ 6.1¢/kWh
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 33
Design TeamTechnology ProviderKAERI/KEPCOE&C/KEPCONF/DOOSAN
KEPCO ConsortiumProject ManagementMarketing, FinancingBrand Power
SMART Team will contribute to the Smarter World
Total Solution Provider
SMARTSystem-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor 34
Thanks for your attention !