smart mobility in bologne

MUNICIPALITY OF BOLOGNA

SMART MOBILITY 2016 #Hackthetraffic!

Municipality of Bologna

Paris, 14 June 2016Carlo Michelacci

Smart Mobility 2016

# Hackthetraffic



EMILIA - ROMAGNAEMILIA - ROMAGNABOLOGNABOLOGNA

OOverall demographic size

Municipal area

Historic centre

Limited Traffic Zones (LTZ)

Pedestrian areas

Inhabitants Area(Km2)

~650,000

~375,000 140.85

~53,000 4.51

~45,000 3.20

~12,000 0.88

Daily movements ~ 2 million

� internal 45%

� exchange 28%

� crossing 27%

General data about Bologna



GENERAL MOVEMENTS

0

250000

500000

750000

1000000

INTERNAL EXCHANGE CROSSING

DAILY MOVEMENTSDaily movements Daily movements Daily movements Daily movements ~ 2 million 2 million 2 million 2 million

� internal 45%internal 45%internal 45%internal 45%

� exchange 28%exchange 28%exchange 28%exchange 28%

� crossing 27%crossing 27%crossing 27%crossing 27%

peak times peak times peak times peak times ~ 200.000 200.000 200.000 200.000

Among internal movements theAmong internal movements theAmong internal movements theAmong internal movements the

occasional component exceeds theoccasional component exceeds theoccasional component exceeds theoccasional component exceeds the

regular one. Opposite situation inregular one. Opposite situation inregular one. Opposite situation inregular one. Opposite situation in

exchange and crossing movements.exchange and crossing movements.exchange and crossing movements.exchange and crossing movements.

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

0- 1

1- 2

2- 3

3- 4

4- 5

5- 6

6- 7

7- 8

8- 9

9- 10

10- 11

11- 12

12- 13

13- 14

14- 15

15- 16

16- 17

17- 18

18- 19

19- 20

20- 21

21- 22

22- 23

23- 24

HOURLY DISTRIBUTION OF MOVEMENTS IN AND OUT OF BOLOGNA’S URBAN AREA

NUMBER OF VEHICLES: IN

NUMBER OF VEHICLES: OUT



INTERNAL MOVEMENTS

INTERNAL DAILY MOVEMENTS ~ 950.000 (45% of total INTERNAL DAILY MOVEMENTS ~ 950.000 (45% of total INTERNAL DAILY MOVEMENTS ~ 950.000 (45% of total INTERNAL DAILY MOVEMENTS ~ 950.000 (45% of total dailydailydailydaily

movementsmovementsmovementsmovements))))

MODAL SPLIT OF INTERNAL COMPONENTMODAL SPLIT OF INTERNAL COMPONENTMODAL SPLIT OF INTERNAL COMPONENTMODAL SPLIT OF INTERNAL COMPONENT

� PT = 242.000PT = 242.000PT = 242.000PT = 242.000

� CAR (CAR (CAR (CAR (passenger+driverpassenger+driverpassenger+driverpassenger+driver)=336.000)=336.000)=336.000)=336.000

� MOTORBIKE =100.000MOTORBIKE =100.000MOTORBIKE =100.000MOTORBIKE =100.000

� BICYCLE =65.000BICYCLE =65.000BICYCLE =65.000BICYCLE =65.000

� PEDESTRIAN =201.000PEDESTRIAN =201.000PEDESTRIAN =201.000PEDESTRIAN =201.000

TOTAL INTERNAL MOVEMENTS

PT26%

CAR (driver)28%

PEDESTRIAN21%

BICYCLE7%

MOTORBIKE11%

CAR (passenger)7%



TRAFFIC ACCESS CONTROL

RITA - 3 gates in “T” area

SIRIO - 16 gates in LTZ

RITA - 41 gates to control bus

lanes

UNIVERSITY “U” AREA 2 gates

to control semi pedestrian area



The challenge

Bologna is too small to have an underground transport system, but too large to becrossed with a single bus line.Hence, passengers often need to change buses to move around the city. To promote the use ofpublic buses and ensure the quality of the service, it is therefore important to inform users ofthe precise arrival times of buses and to guarantee that bus circulation is as smooth aspossible.

With a metropolitan population of

about a million people, Bologna is

served by a network of public

buses operated by the publicly-

owned company TPER Ltd

(Trasporto Passeggeri Emilia-

Romagna).



GOAL

TRAFFIC LIGHTCONTROL SYSTEM

AUTOMATIC VEHICLEMONITORING SYSTEM

GREEN BUS PRIORITY



THE TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

•About 170

crossroad remote

controlled (70% of

the traffic light

intersections)

•About 1000

inductive loops

•Dynamic

optimisation of the

phases (plan

formation)

•Connection with

AVM Bus centre



• Every 3 seconds...

– Evaluation of the queue onthe links (road segmentsbetween 2 intersection)

– Update of the bus arrivalprediction

• Every traffic light cycle...

– Evaluation of the saturationrates

– Evaluation of the turningpercentages

– Algorithm of node balance

– Queue evaluation correction

– Local incident detectionalgorithm

Funzioni dell’osservatore locale

UTOPIA - LOCAL OBSERVER SYSTEM



DETECTOR

n° of vehicles

measuredupstreamflow

steparrivals

estimatedqueue

green light red light

The queue valueincreases withthe trafficmeasured (orestimated)…

…and decreaseswith thesaturation rate

UTOPIA - LOCAL OBSERVER SYSTEM: QUEUE MODEL



• The local optimiser minimises acost function that for everyentrance/exit links considers:

– Delays for private traffic– Number of stops for private

traffic– Overflow compared to the

maximum admitted queue– Delays for public transport– Number of stops for public

transport– Nominal queues (terminal cost

at the end of the horizon)

• … each associated to a weightfactor that contributes todetermine the Fi(.)

UTOPIA: LOCAL CONTROL GOALS

L.201T.209

L.201T.208



UTOPIA - Traffic Data Archive

• Red linedescribes thehistorical (daily)archive of theselectedvariable

• Blu line showsits statisticalprofile(according tothe selectedtype of day)



PASSENGERS 2016Urban service Bologna 94.910.235

Suburban service 9.258.295

Extraurban service 6.216.762

Special services 422.113

TOTAL 110.807.405

KMUrban service Bologna

18.090.577

Suburban service 6.737.743

Extraurban service 11.308.966

Special services 271.592

TOTAL 36.408.878

PUBBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICE



CONTROL CENTRE

SAN LUCA

11 ATTESA 2 MIN

- 140 urban bus stops inBologna with real timeinformation display- further 40 equipped busstops in Bologna Province

Automatic vehicle monitoring of the wholefleet (about 900 vehicles)

LINEA 20: ATTESA 5 MINUTI

DIGITAL RADIO SYSTEM (TETRA)Voice and data covering of Bologna and the suburban area

COLLEOSSERVANZA

COLLE DI BARBIANO

ON BOARDSYSTEM

OPERATORS GSM/GPRS

Position

GPS

ON BOARDSYSTEM

Automatic Vehicle Monitoring System



Two minutes before approachingthe traffic lights (detectedthrough the GPS connection),buses send a message to thesensors nearby, allowing thecentral control unit to adapt thestreet light phases in real time soas to give priority green light tobuses.

•The priority request is generatedtaking account of bus travel timesand it contains the predictedarrival time at the the stop line ofthe controlled intersections

•Priority request are forwarded tothe Utopia centre

•Updated priority request isforwarded to the Local level (Spot)where the intersection controllerwill provide the priority

Green Bus Priority



Green Bus Priority

UTOPIA – The Local Level feedback– The travel time to the downstream junction is extremely important for correction of the forecasts for

the downstream junctions when a SPOT is not able to give the priority to a priority request.

Example:– No way to provide the green for an incoming priority request– The SPOT unit which is delaying the PT vehicle informs the downstream junctions and updates

the predicted arrival time. (predicted release time + travel time to downstream junction)– The same information is also sent to the PT Locator module



J1 J2 J3

UTOPIA – Local Level feedback visual description• When the PT vehicle enters in the controlled area, PT priority requests are sent to all the intersections

within the optimisation horizon (default=120s).• The priority request contains the travel time to the downstream junction• In case the priority request can not be served by one intersections (e.g. because of local constraints),

the PT vehicle arrival at downstream junctions will be delayed comparing to the predicted arrival timeprepared by the centre.

• The intersection that is delaying the PT vehicle transmit to the downstream intersection the predictedexit time.

• Downstream intersection use travel time to calculate the corrected arrival time

Green Bus Priority



Tests performed on a one-kilometre route

The system ensures a greaterregularity of buses arrival timesand a considerable decrease oftravel times.

% “Red Event” with priority ON:

7%

% “Red Event” with priority OFF:

17%

Time Battindarno-San Pio V withpriority ON:

387 seconds

Time Battindarno-San Pio V withpriority OFF:

468 seconds

Test Green Bus Priority



THE RESULT

After this experience greenbus priority was exented tothe most

Important PT line

Direzione Incrocio Preferenziato Mic ro Fa s c ia inte rd izio ne

Do n S turzo /Da ma s io 201Do n S turzo /P o rre tta na 202P o rre tta na /Me lo nc e llo 203S a ra g o zza /Orio li 204S a ra g o zza /Guido tti 205S a ra g o zza /P .ta S a ra g o zza 206 07 -09 / 17 -19

Co s ta /Va le ria ni Co s ta /Cro c e tta

Co s ta /Cro c e ttaCo s ta /Va le ria ni

Emilia /S pe ra nza 228Emilia /Ba ttinda rno 229Emilia /Ca p ra ra 230 07 -09 / 17 -19Emilia /Ma rza bo tto 231Emilia /N ig ris o li 251 (231 )Emilia /P ia ve 232Emilia /Tima vo 250 (232 )Emilia /V.Ve ne to 233 07 -09 / 17 -19Emilia /S .P io V 234P .ta S .Fe lic e 235 07 -09 / 17 -19

21 Ce ntro Bo nins e g na /Cro c e fis s i 21

Ma tte o tti/T iba ld i 320Co rtic e lla /Mite lli 319

T ia rini/Ma tte o tti 321T ia rini/N .da ll'Arc a 324T ia rini/Fio ra va nti 356

S ta ling ra d o /Co s tituzio ne 329S ta ling ra d o /Libe ra zio ne 330Cre ti/Fra nc e s c hini 322

Cre ti/Fra nc e s c hini 322P e rife ria Fra nc e s c hini/Libe ra z io ne 322

S ta ling ra d o /P .zza Co s tituzio ne 329

S .Do na to /S a lg a ri 335S .Do na to /P ira nde llo 336S .Do na to /Ta ng .le No rd 337S .Do na to Ta ng .le S ud 338S .Do na to /Ma c c hia ve lli 339S .Do na to /And re ini 340

S .Do na to /Ra nza ni 349S .Do na to /Ama s e o 346S .Do na to /Ga le o tti 342S .Do na to /Ro t.Ga ra va g lia 341

Pre fe re nzaz io ne Bus Attiva Linea

20 Ce ntro

14 21 Ce ntro 209

14 21 P e rife ria 209

13 Ce ntro

19 35

27 P e rife ria

17 30 Ce ntro

35 Ce ntro

35

20 Ce ntro

20 P e rife ria

Since 2012, the travel times of public buses collected through satellitenavigation are made available as open data, allowing for the development ofnumerous apps to provide arrival times to users directly on their mobiledevices.

Moreover, the AVM data are used to calculate traffic congestion indexeswhich, thanks to an agreement with Google, can be visualised on GoogleTransit to inform users of traffic jams in the Municipality.



THANK YOU!

Carlo MichelacciMunicipality of Bologna

[email protected]

smart mobility in bologne

Government & Nonprofit