Smart MaterialsSmart Materials

Physics 87NPhysics 87NElaine ZelbyElaine Zelby

Kevin BirdKevin Bird

Amit PatelAmit Patel

ΔΔ

What is a Smart Material?What is a Smart Material?

Basically it’s a material that reacts quickly Basically it’s a material that reacts quickly to a stimulus in a specific manner.to a stimulus in a specific manner.

The change in the material can also be The change in the material can also be reversible, as a change in stimulus can reversible, as a change in stimulus can bring the material back to its previous bring the material back to its previous state.state.

Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs)Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs)

Metals that exhibit pseudo-elasticity and Metals that exhibit pseudo-elasticity and the “Shape Memory Effect”the “Shape Memory Effect”

The basic principle behind SMAs is that a The basic principle behind SMAs is that a solid state phase change occurs in these solid state phase change occurs in these materials.materials.

They switch between states of Austenite They switch between states of Austenite and Martensite. and Martensite.

Example of SMAExample of SMA

Appplications of SMAsAppplications of SMAs

Popular SMAs are NiTi, CuZnAl, and Popular SMAs are NiTi, CuZnAl, and CuAlNiCuAlNi

Applications include: Applications include: AeronauticalAeronautical

Making flexible wings using shape memory wiresMaking flexible wings using shape memory wires MedicineMedicine

Bone plates made of NiTiBone plates made of NiTi BioengineeringBioengineering

Muscle wires that can mimic human movementMuscle wires that can mimic human movement

Smart GelsSmart Gels

A smart gel is a material that expands or contracts in A smart gel is a material that expands or contracts in response to external stimuli. response to external stimuli. A smart gel consists of fluid that exists in a matrix of A smart gel consists of fluid that exists in a matrix of polymer(s).polymer(s). Stimulus can includeStimulus can include

LightLight MagneticMagnetic pHpH TemperatureTemperature ElectricalElectrical MechanicalMechanical

Stimulus will alter the polymer that makes it more or less Stimulus will alter the polymer that makes it more or less hydrophillic. hydrophillic.

Tanaka experimentTanaka experiment

Modeled after T. Tanaka, Science 19 November 1999: Vol. 286. no. 5444, pp. 1543 - 1545

Applications of Smart GelsApplications of Smart Gels

MedicalMedical Drug releaseDrug release Organ replacementOrgan replacement Muscle replicationMuscle replication

IndustrialIndustrial Shake gelsShake gels

Shock absorbersShock absorbers

Rheological MaterialsRheological Materials

Material that can change its physical state Material that can change its physical state very quickly in response to a stimulusvery quickly in response to a stimulus

Stimulus includeStimulus include ElectricalElectrical MagneticMagnetic

FerromagnetsFerromagnets Magnetic field aligns ferromagnetic molecules in order in Magnetic field aligns ferromagnetic molecules in order in

order to achieve solid state structureorder to achieve solid state structure

Nanoparticles reduce IUT effect (In Use Thickening)Nanoparticles reduce IUT effect (In Use Thickening)

Example of Magnetic Field on Example of Magnetic Field on Rheological MaterialRheological Material

Applications of Rheological Applications of Rheological MaterialsMaterials

MR materialsMR materials Structural SupportStructural Support

Dampers to minimize vibrational shock from wind Dampers to minimize vibrational shock from wind and seismic activity. and seismic activity.

IndustrialIndustrialBreak fluidsBreak fluids

Shock absorbersShock absorbers

Magnetostrictive materialsMagnetostrictive materials

Material that stretches or shrinks when a Material that stretches or shrinks when a magnetic field is applied.magnetic field is applied.

Conversely, when a mechanical force is Conversely, when a mechanical force is applied on the material, a magnetic field is applied on the material, a magnetic field is induced.induced.

FerromagnetsFerromagnets

Magnetic field can be used to create an Magnetic field can be used to create an electric currentelectric current

Applications of Magnetorestrictive Applications of Magnetorestrictive MaterialsMaterials

More efficient fuel injection systemMore efficient fuel injection system Specific amounts of fuelSpecific amounts of fuel Higher frequencyHigher frequency

FullerenesFullerenes

A fullerene is any series of A fullerene is any series of hollow carbon molecules that hollow carbon molecules that form either a closed cage, as form either a closed cage, as in a buckyball, or a cylinder, in a buckyball, or a cylinder, like a carbon nanotube. like a carbon nanotube. Most researched/utilized Most researched/utilized fullerene is the carbon-60 fullerene is the carbon-60 molecule (truncated molecule (truncated icosaheedron)icosaheedron)Three nanotubes can be made Three nanotubes can be made by varying the chiral angle. by varying the chiral angle.

Arm-chairArm-chair Zig-zagZig-zag ChiralChiral

Chiral angle determines Chiral angle determines conductivity conductivity

Applications of fullerenesApplications of fullerenes

SuperconductorsSuperconductors By doping fullerenes with three variable atoms, a By doping fullerenes with three variable atoms, a

superconducting state can be achieved.superconducting state can be achieved.

MedicalMedical Atoms can be trapped in a buckyball, in order to Atoms can be trapped in a buckyball, in order to

create a biological sponge.create a biological sponge.

HIV protease inhibitorHIV protease inhibitor A buckyball can be inserted in the HIV protease active A buckyball can be inserted in the HIV protease active

site in order to stop replication.site in order to stop replication.