smart distribution automation and management system

Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1 1

Smart Distribution

Automation and Management

System11th Nov 2010

Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Division: Global R&D CentreCategory: H1

Index

• Introduction• Distribution Automation

– Necessity– Technology

– Challenges • Better Power Quality

– Drivers– Power quality products

• Efficient Power Utilization– Different efficient power utilization– Efficient utilization solution


Introduction


1. Reliability- Continuity of power supply - Fault detection, isolation, service restoration after fault

2. Quality- Voltage, power factor, Harmonics, Frequency variations

3. Efficiency- Technical losses, commercial loss

4. Unplanned Growth of Electric Power Network- In Distribution; cause of difficulty in Management of the network

5. Complexity- Of network, Of technology

6. Cost- Implementation cost, maintenance cost

7. Time- To meet the requirement of customer within shortest time

Issues in Distribution System


Distribution Automation


Distribution Automation - Necessity To measure, protection control and monitor the components

which are remotely located outside the substation To integrate all substations within a circle and all such

components which are remotely located outside the substation for performance analysis

To make the fault detection and automatic isolation To integrate automatic meter reading to avoid manipulation

and loss of revenue by integrating DA with Automatic Billing and Collection Centre

To maintain load shedding schedule automatically To monitor network topology and network components

(assets) using GIS (Geographical Information System). To increase overall efficiency, reliability. To make operation and maintenance easy To save the time gap between a trouble call by a customer and

actual service by integrating DA and Trouble Call Management


Distribution Automation - Technology Components of Distribution Network:-

1) Transformers

2) Ring Main Units

3) Substations

Basic Components of Automation:-1. Master Distribution Automation Software

2. Engineering analysis software

3. Data Acquisition and Control Hardware like RTU, Relays, Digital Multifunction Meters, Remote Tap Changer

4. Communication Hardware

Basic Features:-1. Monitoring

2. Control

3. Protection


Distribution Automation - Technology Necessary Functions:-

System Level• Monitoring• Control

• Substation Automation• Feeder Automation

Customer Level• Remote Meter Reading and Billing• Load management• Customer Automation


Distribution Automation - Technology Monitoring and Control Functions:-

Data Monitoring Data logging Analog Data freeze Remote Meter Reading and Billing Automatic Bus/ Feeder Sectionalizing

Fault location, Isolation and Service Restoration Feeder Reconfiguration and Substation Transformer Load

Balancing Substation Transformer overload

Integrated Volt/ VAR Control Capacitor Control Voltage Control

Emergency Load Shedding Load Control


Distribution Automation - TechnologyGlobal Architecture of Distribution Automation and Management System


Distribution Automation - Technology

Types of Communication between various component of

Distribution Network:-– GPRS– PLCC– Leased Line communication on Local wired

telephone network– PSTN Dial up connectivity– Fiber Optic Network– Satellite Communication (V-sat)


Distribution Automation - TechnologySCADA-DMS System Architecture at Master Control Centre

Dual Monitor Workstations

GPS Receiver

GPS Master Clock

Redundant ISR Processors With External RAID Storage WEB Server

Redundant CFE

Router IDS

Router

Redundant SCADA Server

LinePrinter

Dot Matri

x

Laser Printer

Print Server

Color Inkjet Printer


Distribution Automation - Technology

CFE CFE

LAN AT MCC

SWITCH

E1 E1 E1 E1

TELEPHONE EXCHANGE

E1 E1 E1 E1

LEASED LINE CONNECTIVITY BY 2 LINES OF 2MBPS

DATA HIGHWAY

TELEPHONE EXCHANGE TELEPHONE EXCHANGE

HDSL MODEM HDSL MODEM

SWITCH SWITCH

HDSL MODEMHDSL MODEM

64 KBPS LEASED LINE64 KBPS LEASED LINE

RTU REDUNDANT COMM RTU REDUNDANT COMMSS #1

ROUTER

SS #N

SCADA-DMS System Architecture at Master Control Centre


Distribution Automation - TechnologyBilling Management System

SCADA/DMSCONTROL CENTER

Remote

HT Meter

ISR SERVER

LAN

SWITCH

HDSL

HDSL

TELEPHONE EXCHANGE

SWITCH

HDSL

HDSL

TELEPHONE EXCHANGE

TELEPHONEEXCHANGE

ROUTER

BCC#1BCC#N

DATA HIGH WAY

64KPBS LEASED LINE64KPBS LEASED LINE

2 MBPS LEASED LINEMBCMBC


Distribution Automation - TechnologyTrouble Call Management System

Workstations 10 N0.

WEB SERVER

Router

LinePrinter

Dot Matrix

Color Inkjet Printer

EPABX

APPLICATION SERVER IVR SERVER

WORKS STATION PCADMINISTATION


Challenges in Distribution

• Covering Large Area• Geographical and atmospheric Problems• Interoperability Issues• Huge Data Handling• Data storage and related care• Care of future expansion


Power Quality


Power Quality (PQ) Drivers1. Penalties by utilities drive harmonic filter sales

2. Transition to PC-based controls in manufacturing plants

3. IEEE standards foster the use of harmonic filters

4. Rising energy costs promote harmonic filter market

5. Reduced equipment life drives harmonic filter market

6. Losses in production due to tripping and shutdowns incite sales

7. Shift from electric to electronic loads spurs market growth

8. Environmental considerations instigate harmonic filter market

9. Increase in Nonlinear Loads ignites harmonic filter demand

Ref:- WORLD HARMONIC FILTER MARKETS , Frost & Sullivan, 2009


Nonlinear, Harmonic Causing Loads1. Electronic equipment such as PC2. Battery chargers3. Lighting dimmer controls4. Fluorescent lights5. Welders6. Electronic ballasts7. Printers8. Photocopiers9. Fax machines10. VFD

All Above PQ damagers are mandatory for today's developed World.

Hence PQ products is getting popular


PQ Products

1. Mechanical Switched Capacitor Current based p.f based

2. Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC)3. STATCOM

LV (415V, extendable up to 690V), ratings 110kVAR, 200kVAR, 500kVAR

LV (415V) 1-ph STATCOM, 100kVAR & module paralleling for high power rating

4. MV (11kV and above) STATCOM5. Voltage dip compensator6. Thyristor “Q” Compensator


STATCOM• Input source current

is sensed by DSP

• DSP calculates harmonic

components of the input

current and reactive input

power.

• Counter harmonics and

reactive power control is

generated by the DSP

driven Power Electronics

and fed to power circuit• Thus the harmonics

and reactive power is compensated by active filter

F und am enta l on ly

S upply

A ctiveF ilte r

i compensation

i d istortion

Load


CGL STATCOM

• 32 bit TI DSP controlling high speed IGBT

• Algorithm on synchronous rotating reference frame

i.e in DQ co-ordinates leading better harmonic attenuation

ratio and better PF correction• Closed loop active filter with source current sensing• High attenuation of individual harmonics• Programmable selective harmonic elimination• PF compensation, leading as well as lagging• Selection between PF and harmonic compensation• IGBT based inverter design• Many units can be used in parallel i.e modular• Self current limit present, when overloaded.• Graphics LCD display for local monitoring and setting.


Efficient Power Utilization


Efficient Power Utilization1. Efficient Motors

• High efficiency motors, ECM (BLDC, SRM..)

2. Efficient Pump

• ECM (BLDC, SRM) driven high speed pump, Intelligent/smart pu

3. Efficient Appliances

• Intelligent/smart appliance, ECM (BLDC, SRM) driven fan

4. Efficient Lighting

• CFL, HID, IL, LED

5. Lighting Automation

• Building Management System, Office Management Systems

• Street light automation


The System—Street Light Automation


System Features

• Easy to install with wireless (GPRS) connectivity to data server• 32 bit microcontroller based embedded system for control panel• Remote control (ON-OFF)• Remote Monitoring (V, I, [P, KWh] etc..)• Astronomical Timer based ON-OFF• Ambient Light intensity based On-Off using IR sensing.• Load voltage regulation • Availability of load control and dimming schemes to save electricity.• Time synchronization with the server.• Web based SCADA• Instant fault reporting via SMS along with the probable fault details.• Event and fault Logging• Customizable MIS report generation• GIS (Geographical Information System) for location & status information


System Firmware

1. FreeRTOS: based design2. Self Diagnostic Features during boot

time3. GPRS Communication4. Protocol Support: MODBUS, BACnet5. IEC 60730 Standard based boot code6. Astronomical Clock for precise Sun

rise and Set time calculation7. Instant SMS alerts in case of faults8. Watchdog ensures failsafe operation9. Ergonomic principles considered for

local HMI design for best user friendliness


System SCADA1. Running on Robust RedHat Linux

Operating System

2. Few thousand concurrent communication threads

3. Open source database connectivity with MySQL

4. Maintains user and panel transaction database

5. Provides configuration and control

6. Provide time synchronization

7. Monitors user license period for communication support

8. Governs user attributes to reflect hierarchy


System Web Server

1. Open Source “JBOSS” web server

2. Java Server Pages and Java script for client side validation

3. Supported Browsers: Mozilla and IE5 and above

4. GIS Interface to locate Installation Site

Prepared by: Dr. S. Ekram Div: Global R&D Centre Category: Confidential 30

Thank You

smart distribution automation and management system

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