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Small Wind Turbines – Applica4ons & Poten4al for India
Jami Hossain Treasurer, World Wind Energy Associa4on
Chief Mentor and Founder, WinDForce Management Services Private Limited
Small Wind, Husum March 2013
Egyp4ans used wind in Sail Boats at around 4000
BC
WinDForce Background
• WinDForce is a subsidiary of Emergent
Ventures India Pvt. Ltd. (EVI)
• Started in March 2008 to provide advisory and
development services to wind power producers
• Led by Jami Hossain, a well known
internationally recognized industry expert
• WinDForce is managed by professionals
having more than 150+ man years of
experience in wind energy development.
• The team has very strong credentials in the
wind energy business across advisory, sales,
project management and technology &
resource assessment.
About Emergent Ventures
“Emergent Ventures (EVI) is a trusted global consultancy firm providing customized and comprehensive Sustainability, Renewable Energy and Carbon soluBons.
Our integrated offerings create strong proposiBon for investors, corporates, policy makers and masses. We have a team of over 100 consultants with strong
domain experBse and years of experience. Our global presence enables us to collate local and internaBonal best pracBces”.
We provide wind project advisory though our subsidiary WinDForce Management Services Pvt. Ltd.
IDFC Private Equity is an investor in EVI. IDFC PE is India’s largest PE firm focused on infrastructure managing a corpus of over $1.3B
Quick Facts
• IDFC Funded-‐ IDFC Private Equity is an investor in EVI. IDFC PE is India’s largest PE firm focused on infrastructure managing a corpus of over $1.3B
• Experienced professionals -‐ We have Entrepreneurs, Technologists, Economists, Researchers working for us
• End to end services -‐ Services from conceptualiza4on to implementa4on
• Long term rela?onship -‐ Repeated clients over the years; customized services to the new ones
• EVI Mission-‐ we have been working con4nually working on finding ways to combine finance with low carbon technology to bring about solu4ons that
mi4gate climate change
• Diverse Industry Exposure -‐ We con4nue to work aggressively with industry, the financial sector, with government bodies and mul4lateral agencies to help
pursue our mission.
“WinDForce Management Services Private Limited (WinDForce) is a Wind Energy Development-‐cum-‐Technical services company that offers End-‐to-‐End turnkey
Windfarm Project Management Services. The company, a subsidiary of Emergent Ventures India was co-‐founded by Jami Hossain in partnership with Emergent
Ventures India. Jami Hossain is a reputed internaBonal expert on wind energy with nearly 25 years of experience in the Industry. The services offered by the
Company include the enBre spectrum of Windfarm Project Development from wind resource assessment at Macro level to MicrosiBng of wind turbines to complete
implementaBon of the project as well as monitoring the OperaBon and Maintenance of wind turbines
WinDForce Some of the Clientele • Our Completed and On Going Projects
q 400+ MW of Owner’s Engineer.
q 4000+ MW of Wind Resource Assessment.
q 2000+ MW of Due Diligence.
q 300 MW Wind Farm Pipeline Development
• Overseas assignments – Japan, Mauritius, Malaysia, Kenya.
India Facts
Popula4on -‐ 1.21 billion (17.31% of World Popula4on)
Popula4on Density is 382 people/Sqkm
Per-‐capita electricity consump4on ~1000 kWh/yr
More than 45% of rural house-‐holds are not electrified
8-‐12% energy deficit and upto 25% peaking power deficit
Latent Demand
Electricity Sector in India
Erra4c Electricity supply.
Smaller Towns and ci4es Majorly hit
Electricity Back-‐up support
Rising electricity needs
Wind Map India (80 m)
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• The map developed
by WinDforce
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strategies. The main issue in harnessing the wind energy potentialis that of redesigning the existing electricity grid in order to make itcompatible with distributed generation. Similarly, the conventionalmanner of operating the grid, its economic rationale of despatchingpower etc. needs rethinking and reworking. Work is needed in
identifying viable large scale storage technologies such ascompressed air, hydrogen and pumped hydro that go hand in handwith higher levels of utilisation and integration of wind energy.Further research will be required in this direction.
Perhaps, combined with other renewable energy sources suchas solar, biomass, small-hydro, the overall renewable energypotential is enough to meet the energy needs of the country. Thepossibility of 100% Renewables India exists!.
This work has demonstrated that GIS platform can be effectivelyused in such research and assessment. This being the first attempton this scale and resolution, authors are of the view that theassessment can be further improved upon.
It may be possible to obtain somewhat different figures bycarrying out analysis for still larger wind turbines (>1.5 MW),which also come up on towers higher than 80 m.
One is also hopeful that this will pave the way for appropriaterevision in the official figure of the Potential Assessment (WPAe III)and also for adequate policy and planning thrust at all levels torealise the vast wind resource potential in the country.
Fig. 9. Wind Power Potential map of India by PLF (%)
Table 8Country-wide potential for windfarms.
NET_PLF % Area MW
1 0e5% 1755.52 5266.550072 5e10% 127182.32 381546.94893 10e15% 548218.46 1644655.3944 15e20% 724902.09 2174706.2755 20e25% 484697.72 1454093.1466 25e30% 136073.93 408221.79897 30e35% 28990.13 86970.399898 35e40% 3572.55 10717.656619 40e45% 38643.55 115930.6352
Total Area (4e9) 2094036.27 4250639.912
J. Hossain et al. / Renewable Energy xxx (2011) 1e1110
Please cite this article in press as: Hossain J, et al., A GIS based assessment of potential for windfarms in India, Renewable Energy (2011),doi:10.1016/j.renene.2011.04.017
Author's personal copy
strategies. The main issue in harnessing the wind energy potentialis that of redesigning the existing electricity grid in order to make itcompatible with distributed generation. Similarly, the conventionalmanner of operating the grid, its economic rationale of despatchingpower etc. needs rethinking and reworking. Work is needed in
identifying viable large scale storage technologies such ascompressed air, hydrogen and pumped hydro that go hand in handwith higher levels of utilisation and integration of wind energy.Further research will be required in this direction.
Perhaps, combined with other renewable energy sources suchas solar, biomass, small-hydro, the overall renewable energypotential is enough to meet the energy needs of the country. Thepossibility of 100% Renewables India exists!.
This work has demonstrated that GIS platform can be effectivelyused in such research and assessment. This being the first attempton this scale and resolution, authors are of the view that theassessment can be further improved upon.
It may be possible to obtain somewhat different figures bycarrying out analysis for still larger wind turbines (>1.5 MW),which also come up on towers higher than 80 m.
One is also hopeful that this will pave the way for appropriaterevision in the official figure of the Potential Assessment (WPAe III)and also for adequate policy and planning thrust at all levels torealise the vast wind resource potential in the country.
Fig. 9. Wind Power Potential map of India by PLF (%)
Table 8Country-wide potential for windfarms.
NET_PLF % Area MW
1 0e5% 1755.52 5266.550072 5e10% 127182.32 381546.94893 10e15% 548218.46 1644655.3944 15e20% 724902.09 2174706.2755 20e25% 484697.72 1454093.1466 25e30% 136073.93 408221.79897 30e35% 28990.13 86970.399898 35e40% 3572.55 10717.656619 40e45% 38643.55 115930.6352
Total Area (4e9) 2094036.27 4250639.912
J. Hossain et al. / Renewable Energy xxx (2011) 1e1110
Please cite this article in press as: Hossain J, et al., A GIS based assessment of potential for windfarms in India, Renewable Energy (2011),doi:10.1016/j.renene.2011.04.017
Author's personal copy
Why Electricity Demand will increase
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In the urban sector, there is a major trend of secng up new townships with modern ameni4es and commercial spaces. Over the last 20 years, en4rely new ci4es have sprung up in the sub-‐urban areas like NOIDA, Gurgaon, Navi Mumbai. This trend is now spreading to all state capitals and smaller towns. The new ci4es and townships have many 4mes more electricity requirements on a per-‐capita basis.
Small towns or villages are emerging as new areas of economic growth. This can be assessed from the great focus that retail businesses have on this segment. As this movement expands and gets deeper into the rural landscape, energy demand will rise manifold.
It is an established fact that in order to sustain a certain growth rate in GDP, the corresponding growth in power infrastructure should 1.5-‐2 4mes the GDP growth rate. If we go by growth rate in GDP (average 8%), the growth rate in the electricity infrastructure should be of the order of 12%. Going by this assump4on as well as the trends in capacity addi4ons over the last 60 years, by 2032 we will need nearly 2000 GW of installed capacity.
What Applica?ons?
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Public ligh4ng
Commercial building energy needs
Domes4c ligh4ng & energy • Rural • Urban
Infrastructure Facili4es for ligh4ng
Water pumping
Water Desalina4on
Mini-‐grid (Rural Electrifica4on)
What Applica?ons?
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Stand-‐alone systems for domes4c and public ligh4ng (0.1 to 10 kW)
Stand-‐alone systems for agricultural water pumping
Hybrid or stand alone systems for industry, commercial establishments, resorts, planta4ons, hotels etc.
Stand-‐alone or hybrid systems for rural applica4ons.
Stand alone and hybrid systems for drinking water pumping
Stand alone and hybrid systems for water desalina4on
Stand alone and hybrid systems for telecommunica4on towers
Stand alone and hybrid systems to meet requirements of water treatment plants.
What modes?
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Wind-‐Grid System : This will interface with the grid, when it is available through power electronics or through the inverter – bamery system. It can meet electricity loads either directly or through bamery. When the bamery charge is high and load demand is low, the system can meet non-‐essen4al loads such as water-‐pumping or grinding etc.
Wind Diesel System: Wind Diesel systems can provide uninterrupted supply and can be very interes4ng in large parts of India for electricity requirements of small industry, commercial establishments, ins4tu4ons, planta4ons, semlements and telecommunica4on towers that run on diesel. Wind Diesel systems can play a significant role in mee4ng the firm electricity requirements in areas endowed with rich wind resource. Op4miza4on of wind turbine size, bamery bank and the load and power management system are key technological challenges in Wind Diesel systems
Wind P V System: Wind PV hybrid systems would deploy a certain capacity of PV systems with the wind turbine to meet the load demand. There is some synergy in these systems because PV systems will typically generate during the day 4me while the wind turbines pick up late anernoons and evenings and well into the night. The challenge here will be op4misa4on of bamery capacity. Such systems can also be designed to operate in grid – interac4ve mode.
Wind-‐Biomass systems: Wind systems working in a hybrid mode with gassifiers which will be very much like wind diesel system. However, it can be a 100% renewable energy system.
Stand-‐alone opera?on: Wind turbines can be deployed for stand alone opera4on for non essen4al loads such as water pumping or just for charging bameries.
General Comments
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Stand-‐alone and hybrid systems will be more effec4ve in rural areas or semi-‐urban areas because in the urban areas inverters that interface with grid and charge bameries during hours of supply to meet electricity requirements in off-‐grid hours have worked very well even with an erra4c grid.
At the same 4me farther we go from urban secngs, the greater is the viability.
Poten?al Assessment Rural Households
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• Assump4ons –
– Popula4on Density 220 persons/sqkm
– Five persons per family
• Typical requirements
Assessment carried out by WinDForce for wind poten4al areas shows that there could be a
poten4al of nearly 880 MW in rural sector just for ligh4ng. Today the total installed capacity is
2.2 MW
Three lights of 40 watts 120 watts
Two fans of 40 watts 80 watts
TV 130 watts
Total 350 watts (say)
Therefore total electricity requirement is 44 X 350 = 15.4 kW/sqkm. Considering public lighting etc. say, 20 kW/Sqkm
Agricultural Pumping
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A very large poten4al possibly exists in this sector.
Water pumping does not require firm power
Water can be stored when wind is available or used directly for irriga4on
There can be a Solar Back-‐up
Agricultural sector accounts for 25% of electricity consump4on in India. The consump4on is believed to be majorly for irriga4on.
In the States with wind poten4al, Agricultural consump4on accounts for 68569 GWh/yr
Assuming that only 25% of this capacity can be met by wind, we have a poten4al of the order of 10 GW
Poten4al assessed in other applica4ons being much smaller than 10 GW, one could conclude that poten4al for offgrid wind energy systems and small wind systems of all kinds is of the order of 10 GW
Total Poten?al
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Main Categories Potential (GW)
Stand-alone and hybrid system 10
Water Desalination Vast potential – not quantified
16
“The true India is to be found not in its few ci?es, but in its seven hundred thousand
villages. If the villages perish, India will perish too”
MAHATMA GANDHI
Thanks! Let’s hope we all get there!
jami@windforce-‐management.com