small business in australia€¦ · services to mining: summary of operations by employer size...

Small Business in Australia

2001

AB

S C

AT

AL

OG

UE

NO

. 13

21

.0•

SM

AL

L B

US

INE

SS

IN A

US

TR

AL

IA 2

00

1

1321.0

ISSN 1326-86432132100001019

Recommended retail price $37.00© Commonwealth of Australia 2002

Produced by theAustralian Bureau of Statistics

AUST R A L I A N BUR E A U OF STA T I S T I C S

EMBAR G O : 11 . 30 A M (CAN B E R R A T IME ) WED 16 OCT 2002

D e n n i s T r e w i n

A u s t r a l i a n S t a t i s t i c i a n

Small Business inAustralia

2001

Produced by the Austral ian Bureau of Stat ist ics

© Commonwealth of Austra l ia 2002

This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyr ight Act

1968 , no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permissionfrom the Commonwealth. Requests and inquir ies concerning reproduct ion andrights in this publ icat ion should be addressed to The Manager, IntermediaryManagement, Austral ian Bureau of Stat ist ics, Locked Bag 10, Belconnen ACT2616, by telephone (02) 6252 6998, fax (02) 6252 7102, or email<[email protected]>.

In all cases the ABS must be acknowledged as the source when reproducing or

quoting any part of an ABS publicat ion or other product .

ABS catalogue no. 1321.0

ISSN 1326–8643

I N Q U I R I E S

� For further information about these or other statistics, contact the NationalInformation Centre on 1300 135070 or Chris Price on Canberra 02 6252 5746.

122Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120Technical Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107Appendix — Directory of ABS small business statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AD D I T I O N A L IN F O R M A T I O N

96Small business in the service providing industries8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79Small business in the goods producing industries7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72Industry characteristics and business bankruptcies6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68Non-employing businesses5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31State profiles4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Growth in the non-agricultural small business sector since 1983-843 . . . . .7The structure of Australian business2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Introduction1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CH A P T E R S

viiAbbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ivList of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

page

CO N T E N T S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A B S • SM A L L B U S I N E S S I N A U S T R A L I A • 1 3 2 1 . 0 • 2 0 0 1 i i i

53

Number of private sector businesses, by industry division and

employer size group, South Australia, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

4.8. . . .

50

Number of persons employed in the private sector, by industry

division and employer size group, Queensland, 1983–84, 1997–98 to

2000–01

4.7

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47


employer size group, Queensland, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

4.6. . . . .

44


division and employer size group, Victoria, 1983–84, 1997–98 to

2000–01

4.5

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41


employer size group, Victoria, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

4.4. . . . . . . . .

38


division and employer size group, New South Wales, 1983–84, 1997–98

to 2000–01

4.3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35


employer size group, New South Wales, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

4.2. . .

33

Number of businesses and persons employed in the private sector, by

state and territory, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

4.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ST A T E PR O F I L E S

28

Persons employed in the private sector, by industry division and

employer size group, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

3.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25


employer size group, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

3.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19


industry division, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

3.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18


broad industry, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

3.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

Growth in private sector small business, by industry division, 1983–84,

1997–98 to 2000–01

3.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

GR O W T H IN TH E NO N - A G R I C U L T U R A L SM A L L BU S I N E S S SE C T O R S I N C E 19 8 3 – 8 4

12

Number of small businesses and persons employed in the private

sector, by industry division, 2000–01

2.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

Number of small businesses and persons employed in the private

sector, by state and territory, 2000–01

2.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TH E ST R U C T U R E OF AU S T R A L I A N BU S I N E S S

page

L I S T OF TA B L E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

i v A B S • SM A L L B U S I N E S S I N A U S T R A L I A • 1 3 2 1 . 0 • 2 0 0 1

91

Services to mining: summary of operations by employer size

1999–2000

7.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

90

Mining of construction materials and non metallic minerals: summary

of operations by employer size 1998–99 and 1999–2000

7.4. . . . . . . . . . . .

89

Coal mining, oil and gas extraction and metal ore mining: summary of

operations by employer size 1998–99 and 1999–2000

7.3. . . . . . . . . . . . .

87

Agriculture: selected operating measures by estimated value of

agricultural operations size category, 1999–2000

7.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

84

Agriculture: summary of operations by estimated value of agricultural

operations size category, 1999–2000

7.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SM A L L BU S I N E S S IN TH E GO O D S PR O D U C I N G IN D U S T R I E S

78

Causes of business bankruptcies, Australia, 1983–84, 1998–99 to

2000–01

6.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

78

Business bankruptcies, by state and territory, 1983–84, 1998–99 to

2000–01

6.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

77Business bankruptcies, Australia 1983–84, 1988–89 to 2000–016.2 . . . . . . .75

Private sector business operations, by size and industry division,

1999–2000

6.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I N D U S T R Y CH A R A C T E R I S T I C S AN D BU S I N E S S BA N K R U P T C I E S

71

Characteristics of private sector non-employing businesses, November

1999 and June 2001

5.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70

Characteristics of operators of private sector non-employing

businesses, November 1999 and June 2001

5.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NO N - E M P L O Y I N G BU S I N E S S E S

67

Number of persons employed in the private sector, by employer size

group, Australian Capital Territory, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

4.17. . . . . .

67

Number of private sector businesses, by employer size group,

Australian Capital Territory, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

4.16. . . . . . . . . .

66


group, Northern Territory, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

4.15. . . . . . . . . . .

66


Northern Territory, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

4.14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65


group, Tasmania, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

4.13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65


Tasmania, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

4.12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

62


division and employer size group, Western Australia, 1983–84, 1997–98

to 2000–01

4.11

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

59


employer size group, Western Australia, 1983–84, 1997–98 to 2000–01

4.10. . .

56


division and employer size group, South Australia, 1983–84, 1997–98

to 2000–01

4.9

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

page

A B S • SM A L L B U S I N E S S I N A U S T R A L I A • 1 3 2 1 . 0 • 2 0 0 1 v

L I S T OF T A B L E S

106Wholesale industry: key characteristics by employer size, 1998–998.11 . . . .106Retail industry: key characteristics by employer size, 1998–998.10 . . . . . . .105Community services: key characteristics by employer size, 1999–20008.9 . .104Hire industries: key characteristics by employer size, 1999–20008.8 . . . . .103Video hire outlets: key characteristics by employer size, 1999–20008.7 . . .103

Motion picture exhibition: key characteristics by employer size,

1999–2000

8.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

102

Film and video production and distribution: key characteristics by

employer size, 1999–2000

8.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

101

Commercial art galleries: key characteristics by employer size,

1999–2000

8.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100

Performing arts industries: key characteristics by employer size,

1999–2000

8.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

99Public Libraries: key characteristics by employer size, 1999–20008.2 . . . . . .99Museums: key characteristics by employer size, 1999–20008.1 . . . . . . . . . .

SM A L L BU S I N E S S IN TH E SE R V I C E PR O V I D I N G IN D U S T R I E S

93

Manufacturing: summary of operations by employment size and

industry subdivision, 1999–2000

7.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

92

Total mining: summary of operations by employer size 1998–99 and

1999–2000

7.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

page

v i A B S • SM A L L B U S I N E S S I N A U S T R A L I A • 1 3 2 1 . 0 • 2 0 0 1

L I S T OF T A B L E S

Unincorporated joint venturesUJV

The New Tax SystemTNTS

Survey of Tourist AccommodationSTA

Survey of Employment and EarningsSEE

relative standard errorRSE

research and developmentR&D

operating profit before taxOPBT

not elsewhere classifiedn.e.c.

Labour Force SurveyLFS

industry value addedIVA

industry gross productIGP

full-time equivalentFTE

Estimated Value of Agricultural OperationsEVAO

Economic Activity SurveyEAS

Australian Taxation OfficeATO

Australian Standard Industrial ClassificationASIC

Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial ClassificationANZSIC

Agricultural Finance SurveyAFS

Australian Bureau of StatisticsABS

AB B R E V I A T I O N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A B S • SM A L L B U S I N E S S I N A U S T R A L I A • 1 3 2 1 . 0 • 2 0 0 1 v i i

CHAP T E R 1 IN T R O D U C T I O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

For the purposes of this publication a small business is defined as a business employing

less than 20 people. Categories of small businesses include:

� non-employing businesses — sole proprietorships and partnerships without

employees;

� micro businesses — businesses employing less than 5 people, including

non-employing businesses;

� other small businesses — businesses employing 5 or more people, but less than

20 people;

Small businesses tend to have the following management or organisational

characteristics:

� independent ownership and operations;

� close control by owners/managers who also contribute most, if not all the operating

capital; and

� principal decision-making by the owners/managers.

In this publication, statistics are also presented for the following categories:

� medium businesses — businesses employing 20 or more people, but less than

200 people; and

� large businesses — businesses employing 200 or more people.

DE F I N I N G SM A L L

BU S I N E S S E S

This publication is the seventh edition of Small Business in Australia since 1988 and

draws together data to meet the demand from policy makers, business analysts and

other users interested in the growth and performance of the small business sector. The

interest in, and significance of this sector, continues to be recognised along with an

increasing interest in other business size categories. This publication presents data from

a number of different Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and external sources to

provide a range of information with a focus on small business but also, where possible,

providing comparisons with other business size categories.

It is estimated that there were 1,233,200 private sector small businesses in Australia

during 2000–01 which represented 97% of all private sector businesses (see definition of

small business below). These small businesses employed almost 3.6 million people, 49%

of all private sector employment.

Users should note, when comparing results from the data in this edition of Small

Business in Australia with data in previous Small Business in Australia publications, as the

ABS statistical series are being affected to varying degrees by The New Tax System

(TNTS) introduced in Australia from 1 July 2000. It is likely that TNTS may have impacted

on the number of small businesses reported for the June 2001 collection, as business

operators previously not registered with the Australian taxation Office (ATO) as a

business complied with the new regulations.

I N T R O D U C T I O N

A B S • SM A L L B U S I N E S S I N A U S T R A L I A • 1 3 2 1 . 0 • 2 0 0 1 1

Some of the most important statistics presented in this publication are counts of

businesses by size. The term ‘business’ can have a variety of meanings.

ST A T I S T I C A L UN I T S

This publication provides a range of statistics relating to small businesses sourced mainly

from ABS collections that present statistics classified by employer size.

Chapter 2 provides a statistical overview of the structure of Australian business in

2000–01. Numbers of businesses and their employment are provided by business size

and industry sector.

Chapter 3 describes growth trends in the small business sector since 1983–84, with

year-to-year changes from 1997-98, 1998–99, 1999–2000 and 2000–01.

Chapter 4 provides summary data, for selected years for each State and Territory, on

numbers of small business and their employment.

Chapter 5 presents selected characteristics of non-employing businesses from the ABS

Characteristics of Small Business survey.

Chapter 6 details business operations by industry sourced from the ABS Economic

Activity Survey for both small and other than small businesses, as well as data from the

Attorney-General's Department on business bankruptcies.

Chapter 7 provides a detailed profile of selected goods producing industries drawn from

the ABS program of economic surveys.

Chapter 8 provides a detailed profile of selected service providing industries drawn from

the ABS program of economic surveys.

CO N T E N T S OF TH E

PU B L I C A T I O N

A size definition based on employment is not used for the agricultural statistics

presented in this publication. Agricultural businesses can have large scale operations

with relatively few or no permanent employees, using large numbers of seasonal and

itinerant workers to satisfy short term labour needs.

To provide a size classification the ABS has developed, for statistical purposes, a measure

of the Estimated Value of Agricultural Operations (EVAO) based on:

� the area of crops sown;

� the number of livestock; and

� crops produced and livestock turn-off (mainly sales) during the year.

A small agricultural business is defined as one having an EVAO of between $22,500 and

$400,000. Businesses with an EVAO of less than $22,500 are excluded from ABS statistics

because they are not generally operated as a business venture and their contribution to

commodity aggregates are generally insignificant.

Unless otherwise specified, the definition of small business used in this publication is as

outlined above.

Due to a lack of comparable data, agricultural statistics are excluded from most tables in

this publication. However, in Chapter 2, Agriculture is included in summary statistics and

in Chapter 7, a profile of the industry is presented.

DE F I N I N G SM A L L

BU S I N E S S E S continued

2 A B S • SM A L L B U S I N E S S I N A U S T R A L I A • 1 3 2 1 . 0 • 2 0 0 1

CH A P T E R 1 • I N T R O D U C T I O N

In Chapters 2, 3 and 4, counts of private sector employees (wage and salary earners) are

derived from SEE data, while the estimates of the number of persons operating their

own business are derived from the LFS. Persons operating their own business comprise:

� own account workers, i.e. those working in their own unincorporated business

without employees; and

� employers, i.e. those working in their own unincorporated business with

employees.

EM P L O Y M E N T ST A T I S T I C S

Estimating numbers of non-employing businesses is more difficult as there was no

comprehensive up-to-date business register or listing available for the period for which

statistics were compiled.

As in previous editions of this publication, the estimates of non-employing businesses

provided in Chapters 2–4 are derived from ABS Labour Force Survey (LFS) estimates of

numbers of own account workers (i.e. people working in their own business without

employees).

As many non-employing businesses involve a number of partners, estimates of the

number of non-employing businesses have had to be indirectly derived. Statistics on the

number of partners per partnership, from the ABS Characteristics of Small Businesses in

Australia collection have been used to derive factors which have then been applied to

the LFS estimates for own account workers to estimate numbers of non-employing

businesses by industry.

This estimate of non-employing businesses is an estimate of the number of businesses

operated by own account workers.

NO N - E M P L O Y I N G

BU S I N E S S E S

Counts of employing businesses presented in Chapters 2–4 of this publication are drawn

from the SEE. The SEE frame is drawn from the ABS Business Register and is primarily

designed to measure the number of employees in Australia and their earnings. It also

provides, as a by-product, a reliable estimate of the number of employing businesses.

EM P L O Y I N G BU S I N E S S E S

For many purposes ‘business’ is a single legal entity such as a registered company,

partnership, trust, sole proprietor, religious organisation, government department or any

other legally recognised organisation which provides goods or services. At other times all

legal entities that come under common ownership or control are regarded as a single

business.

Unless otherwise specified, the term ‘business’ in this publication refers to the

management unit. The management unit is the highest-level accounting unit within a

business or organisation for which accounts are maintained. In nearly all cases it

coincides with the legal entity owning the business.

However, in some ABS collections, such as the Survey of Employment and Earnings

(SEE), large businesses with significant operations in more than one state or territory are

further broken down with a statistical unit established for each state or territory in which

the business operates. In some situations a number of management units can be owned

or controlled by a single company and therefore it is possible that in a small number of

cases a ‘small business’ is actually part of a larger company. These circumstances impact

only slightly on the ‘small business’ data contained in this publication.

ST A T I S T I C A L UN I T S

continued



Counts of private sector employing businesses presented in Chapters 2–4 of this

publication have been sourced from the SEE. The private sector component of the SEE

collection was discontinued after the December quarter 2001 survey.

Therefore the December quarter 2001 issue of Wage and Salary Earners, Australia (cat.

no. 6248.0) was the last in which estimates of wage and salary earners and quarterly

earnings for the private sector were presented. From March quarter 2002 this publication

is called Wage and Salary Earners, Public Sector — Australia (cat. no. 6248.0).

Estimates of wages and salaries for the private sector are now collected in the Quarterly

Economic Activity Survey, to be published in Business Indicators, Australia (cat. no.

5676.0) and will be the source of earnings data required for input into the gross

domestic product component of the National Accounts.

Further information about changes to this and other ABS business surveys and details of

alternative sources of employment and earnings statistics are provided in:

Information Paper: Improvements to the Australian Bureau of Statistics Quarterly

Business Indicators, 2001 (cat. no. 5677.0) — issued 6 July 2001.

Future issues of the Small Business publication will therefore be sourcing data for

Chapters 2–4 from an alternate source. The ABS is currently investigating what alternate

sources of data will be the most appropriate.

NO T I F I C A T I O N OF FU T U R E

BR E A K IN SE R I E S

A number of minor revisions may have been made to estimates of numbers of employing

businesses and numbers of employees published in this publication compared to the

estimates released in the previous edition. While these revisions may impact the level of

the estimates, the relative significance of the data is unchanged.

RE V I S I O N S TO

PR E V I O U S L Y PU B L I S H E D

SE R I E S

In most tables, statistics are classified by ‘employer size’. The derivation of employer size,

however, differs depending on the source of the statistics. Where SEE data are used,

employer size is based on the number of employees (wage and salary earners). In

Chapters 6, 7 and 8, the employer size classification is based on total employment of the

business (i.e. employees plus working proprietors and partners).

All industry estimates within the publication have been classified on the basis of the

ANZSIC.

EM P L O Y E R S I Z E

ST A T I S T I C S

In Chapters 6, 7 and 8 counts of employment based on the ABS economic surveys are

provided. These counts include employees as well as employers, but exclude own

account workers.

It should be noted that data presented from the LFS includes estimates for Private

Households Employing Staff (Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial

Classification (ANZSIC) group 970) in the division Personal and Other Services.

However, estimates from SEE data do not include this group. The inclusion of these data

in the LFS estimates should not affect direct comparisons between LFS data and SEE data

as the estimates for group 970, Private Households Employing Staff, are insignificant.

EM P L O Y M E N T ST A T I S T I C S

continued



The ABS has compiled business counts on a number of different bases for inclusion in a

range of publications. These include:

� Experimental Estimates, Regional Small Business Statistics (cat. no. 5675.0),

� Small Business in Australia (cat. no. 1321.0) and

� Australian Industry (cat. no. 8155.0).

Each publication provides a profile of business demographics from different perspective.

Differences in scope, coverage, timing and business definitions mean the estimates oc

counts of businesses in these publications are not directly comparable. The ABS is

working to ensure greater integration of businesses demographic information in the

future.

The definition of a small business in Experimental Estimates, Regional Small Business

Statistics is based on a combination of income and expenses. Businesses with total

income and/or expenses between $10 000 and $5m are classified as small. Data in this

publication are sourced from the ATO Business Income Tax file. The ATO Business

Income Tax file includes all businesses who have traded at any point during the year.

The statistical unit is the legal entity.

In Small Business in Australia,a small business is defined as one with fewer than 20

employees. Counts of small businesses in this publication are sourced from a

combination of ABS household survey data and Survey of Employment and Earnings

data, a collection which is based on the ABS Business Register. The ABS monthly labour

force survey which is household-based, is used to produce estimates of the number of

non-employing businesses These are based on estimates of own account workers (i.e.

persons working in their own business without employees) from the survey. The ABS

Business Register includes employing businesses registered with the Australian Taxation

Office at a point in time. The statistical unit is the management unit, which may include

more than one legal entity.

Australian Industry provides counts of businesses by industry at national and state level.

Estimates of the number of small businesses are not separately identified in this

publication. Data in this publication are sourced from the ATO Business Income Tax file

and the ABS Economic Activity Survey (EAS). The ATO Business Income Tax file

contains all businesses (legal entities) which traded at any point during the financial year.

The statistical unit for the EAS is the management unit.

For more information, please refer to the Explanatory Notes in each publication.

CO M P A R I S O N W I T H

OT H E R DA T A



STRUCTURE OF AUSTRALIAN BUSINESS—2000–01

PRIVATE SECTOR SMALL BUSINESSES

Total public and private sector

1 281 700 businesses

8 564 500 persons employed

ALL BUSINESSES(a)

Employees

(wage and salary earners)

2 269 400 employees

Agriculture, forestry and

fishing(b)

112 100 businesses(c)

355 000 persons employed(c)

Non-agricultural sector

1 164 100 businesses6 901 900 persons employed

Public trading and General

government organisations

5 500 organisations


PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR

Agriculture, forestry and

fishing(d)

111 200 businesses

304 000 persons employed

Non-employing businesses

582 100 businesses713 200 own account

workers

Employing businesses

539 900 businesses


Non-agricultural small

businesses(e)

1 122 000 businesses


Employers

276 500 persons employed in

their own business

(a) Generally, the number of businesses (management units) and persons employed have been obtained by averaging the estimates for the middle

months of each quarter for the 2000–2001 financial year. (b) Includes ANZSIC Subdivisions 01 – Agriculture, 02 – Services to Agriculture; Hunting and

Trapping, 03 – Forestry and Logging and 04 – Commercial fishing. (c) Estimates are based on data from two different sources; ANZSIC Subdivision 01

data are drawn from the 1999–2000 Agricultural Finance survey, while ANZSIC Subdivisions 02, 03 and 04 estimates are drawn from the 1999–2000

Economic Activity Survey. Excludes management units in ANZSIC Subdivision with an estimated annual value of agricultural operations (EVAO) of less

than $22,500. Employment estimates exclude unpaid family helpers. (d) Agricultural small businesses include those management units coded to

ANZSIC Subdivision 01 with an EVAO of more than $22,500 but less than $400,000, and those management units coded to ANZSIC Subdivisions 02,

03 and 04 which employ less than 20 persons. (e) Small business (except in agriculture) are defined as those management units which employ less

than 20 persons.

Source: (Cat. no. 6203.0), (Cat.no. 6248.0),

(Cat. no. 7507.0), (Cat. no. 8140.0)]

Labour Force, Australia Employed Wage and Salary Earners, Australia Agricultural Industries Financial

Statistics, Australia Business Operations and Industry Performance, Australia



CHAP T E R 2 TH E ST R U C T U R E OF AU S T R A L I A N BU S I N E S S . . . . . .

Using the definition of small business described in Chapter 1, 1,122,000 or 96% of total

non-agricultural private sector businesses were classified as small in 2000–01.

These small businesses employed 3.3 million people or 47% of the total non-agricultural

private sector workforce. Just under 70% of persons employed in small business were

employees while the remaining 30% were persons working in their own business, either

as employers or own account workers.

TH E SM A L L BU S I N E S S

PR I V A T E SE C T O R

The non-agricultural

private sector

In 2000–01, an estimated 112,100 businesses were classified to Agriculture, forestry and

fishing, employing an estimated 355,000 people or 5% of the private sector workforce.

Agricultural businesses with an Estimated Value of Agricultural Operations (EVAO) of less

than $22,500 have been excluded.

The agricultural private

sector

In 2000–01, there were just over 1,164,100 non-agricultural private sector businesses

operating in Australia, representing 91% of total private sector business. These

businesses employed more than 6.9 million people or about 95% of the total private

sector workforce.

The non-agricultural

private sector

Private sector businesses totalled just over 1,276,200 and accounted for approximately

99.6% of the total number of businesses. These businesses employed an estimated

7.3 million people or 85% of the total workforce.

The private sector

Of the 1,281,700 businesses estimated to be in operation in 2000–01, 5,500 or 0.4% were

classified as public sector organisations (including general government as well as public

trading enterprises). In total, these organisations employed an estimated 1.3 million

people, which was 15% of total employment.

Data on general government are excluded from the rest of the publication, however,

data on public trading enterprises are included and in terms of industry these enterprises

will be classified by their primary activity.

The public sector

This chapter provides a broad overview of the structure of Australian business in

2000–01. Number of businesses and number of persons employed are provided by

business size, employment, state and territory and industry.

An estimated 1,281,700 businesses and public sector organisations were in operation in

Australia during 2000–01, employing 8.6 million people.

The previous diagram shows the structure of Australian business in terms of numbers of

businesses and persons employed, by public and private sector, and business size.

Employment figures include own account workers and employers as well as employees

(wage and salary earners).



Industry statistics can be amalgamated into two broad groupings:

� goods producing; and

� service providing.

Goods producing industries include:

� Mining;

� Manufacturing;

� Electricity, gas and water supply; and

� Construction.

Service providing industries include:

� Wholesale trade;

� Retail trade;

� Accommodation, cafes and restaurants;

� Transport and storage;

� Communication services;

� Finance and insurance;

� Property and business services;

� Education;

� Health and community services;

� Cultural and recreational services; and

I N D U S T R Y BR E A K D O W N

Of the estimated 112,100 businesses classified to Agriculture, forestry and fishing

(Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC),1993

Subdivisions 01, 02, 03, and 04) in 2000–01, about 111,200 (99%) were small businesses,

i.e. had an EVAO of greater than $22,500 and less than $400,000. These small agricultural

businesses represented 9% of all small businesses. Small agricultural businesses

employed an estimated 304,000 people (including seasonal casual workers) in 2000–01.

No further data relating to the agricultural sector are provided in this Chapter. Detailed

agricultural statistics are included in Chapter 7 as part of the selected industry profiles.

The agricultural private

sector

Table 2.1 shows the distribution of small business across states in 2000–01. New South

Wales, Victoria and Queensland together accounted for nearly 77% of all small

non-agricultural businesses and their employment. New South Wales accounted for 33%

of all small businesses in Australia, followed by Victoria with 24% and Queensland with

19%.

With the exception of the Northern Territory, in all states and territories across Australia,

more than 95% of non-agricultural private sector businesses were classified as small. For

the Northern Territory the proportion of non-agricultural small businesses was 93%.

In total, small business employment account for 47% of the private sector

non-agricultural workforce in Australia. Across states there was some variation in this

distribution. The Australian Capital Territory had the highest concentration of

employment in small business (53%) followed by Tasmania and Queensland with 50%.

Victoria had the lowest proportion of their workforce in the small business sector, 43%,

while Northern Territory had slightly more at 45%.

Detailed state estimates are provided in Chapter 4 of this publication.

State breakdown of small

non-agr icultural business


CH A P T E R 2 • T H E S T R U C T U R E OF A U S T R A L I A N B U S I N E S S

An important component of small business is the non-employing sector. During 2000–01

there were on average, 582,100 non-employing businesses operating in Australia,

representing 52% of total non-agricultural small business. While these businesses, by

definition, have no employees, there were an estimated 713,200 working proprietors

(own account workers) involved either as sole proprietors or partners. This represented

22% of the total non-agricultural private sector small business workforce and 10% of the

total non-agricultural private sector workforce.


During 2000–01, 539,900 small employing non-agricultural businesses were operating in

Australia. These businesses accounted for 48% of non-agricultural private sector small

business; total employment of these businesses was just over 2.5 million people or 37%

of the non-agricultural private sector workforce. In terms of numbers of employees, they

employed 2.3 million employees or 38% of all non-agricultural private sector employees.

Small business employees were concentrated in the Property and business services

(20%) and Retail trade (19%) industries followed by the Construction industry with 11%.

These three industries together accounted for over 50% of all persons working in small

employing businesses.

Small employ ing

businesses

Small non-agricultural businesses in Australia in 2000–01 provided employment for an

estimated 47% of the economy's private sector workforce. Across industries, the

distribution of small business employment showed some marked differences, with the

Construction industry having 82% of its workforce in the small business sector, while in

the Education industry the proportion was 28% and in the Manufacturing industry the

proportion was 30%.

Further details on goods and services industry estimates are shown in Tables 3.1 and 3.2

of Chapter 3.

Employment

Table 2.2 shows that of the estimated 1,122,000 small non-agricultural businesses

operating in Australia in 2000–01, the industries contributing the highest number of

small businesses were the Construction industry (21% of small businesses), Property and

business services industries (19%) and the Retail trade industry (15%).

Overall, small businesses accounted for more than 96% of all businesses in all the

non-agricultural industries. The highest proportion was recorded in the Construction

and Communication Services industries, with 98% of businesses in these industries being

classified as small. The Accommodation, cafes and restaurants industry had the lowest

proportion with 89%. Note that this industry has a high proportion of part-time staff and

the small business cut off of total employment of 19 people may have a greater impact

on this industry.

Businesses

� Personal and other services.

In 2000–01, the services industries accounted for 92% (799,700) of small businesses and

for 91% (2.5 million persons) of small business employment.

I N D U S T R Y BR E A K D O W N

continued



Construction had the highest number of non-employing businesses, in 2000–01 there

were 151,900 (26%) non-employing businesses classified to the Construction industry,

involving an estimated 190,600 own account workers or 27% of total own account

workers. The Property and business services industry was also significant with about

100,600 non-employing businesses (17%) involving just under 118,000 own account

workers or 17% of total own account workers.


continued



(a) Excludes agricultural businesses.(b) Includes working proprietors and partners of unincorporated

employing and non-employing businesses; working directors ofincorporated businesses are classified as employees.

Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Employment andEarnings; Labour Force Survey.

6 901.91 164.13 259.11 122.0713.2582.12 269.4276.5539.9Australia

99.520.752.920.010.59.138.93.510.9Australian Capital

Territory

63.79.828.89.15.14.321.72.04.8Northern Territory142.124.771.923.716.513.748.76.710.0Tasmania736.3130.5364.0126.086.168.0242.635.357.9Western Australia506.683.5235.180.054.644.5158.322.235.6South Australia

1 219.2224.6611.7216.8153.6122.2400.257.994.6Queensland1 873.2286.2811.4273.9167.2136.8586.357.9137.1Victoria2 261.3384.11 083.5372.5219.6183.5772.991.0189.1New South Wales

'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

Sta te and

te r r i t o r y

Employ-

ment

Number

of busi-

nesses

Employ-

ment

Number

of busi-

nesses

Own

account

workers(b)

Number

of busi-

nesses

Number of

employees

Number

of

employers

Number

of busi-

nesses

TOTAL ALLBUSINESS

TOTAL SMALLBUSINESS

NON-EMPLOYINGSMALL BUSINESSEMPLOYING SMALL BUSINESS

SMALL BUSINESSES AND PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE

SECTOR (a) —2000–012.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



(a) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New ZealandStandard Industrial Classification, 1993 (cat. no. 1292.0).

(b) Includes working proprietors and partners of unincorporatedemploying and non-employing businesses; working directors ofincorporated businesses are classified as employees.

(c) Includes the Mining and Electricity, gas and water supply industries.Excludes agricultural businesses.


5 288.9833.12 470.0799.7463.6384.21 799.4206.9415.5Service Providing

1 613.1331.0789.2322.3249.5197.9470.069.6124.4Goods Producing

6 901.91 164.13 259.11 122.0713.2582.12 269.4276.5539.9Total all industries(c)

253.172.0178.370.948.241.1112.917.229.8Personal and other services195.141.487.139.831.726.749.16.313.1

Cultural and recreationalservices

578.680.3248.777.433.632.9196.518.644.5Health and community

services

210.225.459.923.617.616.739.52.86.8Education1 191.4226.3609.7218.6117.9100.6451.040.8118.1

Property and businessservices

284.125.863.124.910.58.650.32.316.3Finance and insurance55.519.229.119.018.315.98.72.13.1Communication Services

332.573.1164.771.252.945.198.713.126.2Transport and storage432.838.3192.634.014.88.8149.128.725.2

Accommodation, cafes andrestaurants

1 216.2168.7595.9162.894.869.8435.965.293.0Retail trade539.162.5240.657.423.217.9207.79.739.5Wholesale trade603.9232.6497.3231.1190.6151.9259.647.179.2Construction934.295.1282.688.257.444.7202.922.343.6Manufacturing

'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000Indus t r y d i v i s i on

Employ-

ment

Number

of busi-

nesses

Employ-

ment

Number

of busi-

nesses

Own

account

workers(b)

Number

fo busi-

nesses

Number of

employees

Number

of

employers

Number

of busi-

nesses

TOTAL ALLBUSINESS

TOTAL SMALLBUSINESS

NON-EMPLOYINGSMALL BUSINESSEMPLOYING SMALL BUSINESS

SMALL BUSINESSES AND PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR, By

indust r y div i s ion(a) —2000–012.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



CHAP T E R 3 GR O W T H IN TH E NO N - A G R I C U L T U R A L SM A L LBU S I N E S S SE C T O R S I N C E 19 8 3 - 8 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Over the 17 year period 1983–84 to 2000–01, the number of small businesses increased

from 620,600 to 1,122,000 which represented an average annual growth rate of 3.5%.

Over the same period, the number of businesses other than small increased at an

average annual rate of 3.3%. In terms of employment, the small business sector recorded

an increase of 66% at an average annual rate of 3.0%. By comparison, total employment

for businesses other than small increased by 52.3% at an average annual rate of 2.5%.

GR O W T H IN NU M B E R OF

BU S I N E S S E S

Between 1997–98 and 2000–01 the average annual growth in the number of small

businesses was 2.7% and was below the average annual growth rate of 3.5% recorded

over the 17 years, 1983–84 to 2000–01. For the three year period:

� The overall number of small businesses increased by 8.3%, an average annual rate of

2.7%;

� Numbers of small employing businesses increased by 7.0%, or an average annual

rate of 2.3%; and

� Non-employing businesses increased by 9.6%, an average annual rate of 3.1%.

Total small business employment increased in the three year period by 7.8%, or at an

average annual rate of 2.5% and was also below the average annual growth rate of 3.0%

recorded over the 17 years, 1983–84 to 2000–01. For the three year period:

� Employers decreased by 9.6%, or an average annual rate of –3.3%;

� Own account workers increased by 5.9%, or an average annual rate of 1.9%; and

� Small business employees increased by 11.0%, or an average annual rate of 3.5%.

Between 1997–98 and

2000–01

Between 1983–84 and 2000–01, the number of small businesses increased by 81%, which

is equivalent to an average annual increase of 3.5%. Further growth components include:

� Small employing businesses increased by 92%, or an average annual growth rate of

3.9% and

� Non-employing businesses increased by 72%, or an average annual growth rate of

3.2%.

Total small business employment increased by 66% between 1983–84 and 2000–01, or an

average annual rate of 3.0%. Further growth components include:

� Employers increased by 1.2%, or an average annual rate of 0.1%;

� Own account workers increased by 63%, or an average annual rate of 2.9%; and

� Small business employees increased by 81%, or an average annual rate of 3.6%.

A ST A T I S T I C A L SU M M A R Y

Between 1983–84 and

2000–01

This chapter examines growth in non-agricultural Australian businesses in terms of

employment and number of businesses across the different size sectors since 1983–84.



The average annual growth in employment in the small business sector was 3.0% over

the 17 year period from 1983–84 to 2000–01 which is higher than the 2.4% average

annual growth rate for businesses other than small. Consequently, the contribution of

the small business sector to total private sector employment has increased marginally

over the period, rising from 45% to 47%.

Small business employment can be broken down into people working in their own

business ( own account workers and employers) and employees. Over the 17 year period

(1983–84 to 2000–01) the average annual growth rate for people working in their own

business was 2.0%, significantly less than the 3.6% average annual growth rate in the

number of small business employees.

GR O W T H IN PE R S O N S

EM P L O Y E D

For total small businesses average annual growth in business numbers over the latest

three year period (1997–98 to 2000–01) was 2.7% compared to the long term 17 year

period of average annual growth of 3.5%. The 1.4% average annual growth rate recorded

by employing micro businesses for this three year period was the main contributor to

this lower growth rate, with both non-employing businesses and other small businesses

each recording an average annual growth rate over 3% for the period 1997–98 to

2000–01.

Total small business

Those businesses employing 5–19 people make up the balance of the small business

category and are referred to as Other small businesses.

This group has recorded a long term average annual growth rate of 3.5% over the 17 year

period 1983–84 to 2000–01, which is consistent with the long term average annual rate of

3.5% for all small businesses over the same period. Over the latest three year period

average annual growth for other small businesses has been higher at 4.4%, in absolute

terms, over 50% (10,500 businesses) of this growth occurred in the period 1997–98 to

1998–99.

Other small businesses

The micro business category consists of businesses employing less than 5 people,

including non-employing businesses.

The number of non-employing businesses has recorded an average annual growth rate of

3.2% over the 17 years up to 2000–01. In recent years numbers have been fluctuating,

initially dropping from 531,300 in 1997–98 to 520,200 in 1998–99, and then increasing

each year to 582,100 in 2000–01. The 3.1% average annual growth over this three year

period was consistent with the 17 year average annual growth rate of 3.2%.

Numbers of employing micro businesses have recorded a low average annual growth of

1.4% over the most recent three year period — 1997–98 to 2000–01. This compares to

the 17 years long term average annual growth rate of 4.1% recorded for this category.

Micro businesses

In recent years, the growth rate in numbers of businesses and employment has been at

or below that of the 17 year period, 1983–84 to 2000–01. Average annual total private

sector small business employment growth rates in the three years 1997-98 to 2000-01

was 2.5%, compared to an average annual rate of 3.0% over the 17 year period, 1983-84

to 2000-01.

GR O W T H IN NU M B E R OF

BU S I N E S S E S continued


CH A P T E R 3 • GR O W T H I N T H E N O N - A G R I C U L T U R A L SM A L L B U S I N E S S SE C T O R S I N C E 1 9 8 3 - 8 4

The industries with the highest average annual growth rates in the number of small

businesses over the period 1983–84 to 2000–01 were:

� Property and business services with an average annual growth rate of 6.6%;

� Health and community services with an average annual growth rate of 6.4%; and

� Education with an average annual growth rate of 5.8%.

For the Property and business services industry, non-employing businesses and those

businesses employing 1–4 persons also had an average annual growth rate of 6.6%. The

other small business category, those businesses employing 5–19 people, had an even

higher average annual growth rate of 6.9%.

The Health and community services industry showed more varied average annual growth

rates across the small business components with non-employing businesses increasing

by an average annual 8.4%, the highest rate of any category in any industry. Employing

micro businesses in this industry, had an average annual growth rate of 4.6%, while other

small businesses had a higher average annual rate of 6.7%. The average annual growth

rate for all businesses in this industry was 6.2%.

The industries with the lowest average annual growth rates in the number of small

businesses over the period 1983–84 to 2000–01 were:

� Retail trade with an average annual growth rate of 0.5%;

� Wholesale trade with an average annual growth rate of 1.6%; and

� Transport and storage with an average annual growth rate of 2.5%.

GR O W T H BY IN D U S T R Y

Small businesses

Average annual employee growth for other small businesses, those employing

5–19 people, has also been below that of the micro employing business category,

averaging 3.5% per annum over the 17 years to 2000–01. However, in the three year

period 1997–98 to 2000–01, the average annual growth in employees was 4.7%.

Other small businesses

Employing micro businesses, those employing 1–4 people, have recorded an average

annual employee growth of 3.7% over the 17 years to 2000–01, the strongest rate of any

of the business size categories identified. For the latest three year period, 1997–98 to

2000–01, average annual employee growth for employing micro businesses had

decreased to 1.4%.

Employing micro

businesses

Employers can be described as the proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses

which employ people other than themselves. This group has remained steady for the

17 year period since 1983–84 with an average annual growth rate of just 0.1% and over

the three year period 1997–98 to 2000–01 has had a negative average annual rate of

growth of –3.3%.

It should be noted that the working directors of incorporated businesses are treated as

employees and are included in the ‘employer size group’ categories.

Employers

Over the 17 years between 1983–84 and 2000-01, the average annual growth rate for own

account workers was 2.9%, compared to an annual average growth rate of 3.2% in the

number of non-employing businesses. For the three year period, 1997–98 to 2000–01,

average annual growth was 1.9% for own account workers compared with 3.1% for the

number of non-employing businesses.

Own account workers



The industries with the highest average annual growth rates in the number of small

business employees over the period 1983–84 to 2000–01 were:

� Property and business services with an average annual growth rate of 6.0%;

� Health and community services with an average annual growth rate of 5.9%; and

� Construction and Education both with an average annual growth rate of 5.5%.

Average annual growth rates for employees in all businesses were similar with Property

and business services industry recording a growth rate of 6.6%, followed by Education

(6.2%) and Health and community services (5.0%).

The industries with the lowest average annual growth rates in small business employees

over the period 1983–84 to 2000–01 were:

� Manufacturing with an average annual growth rate of 1.4%;

� Cultural and recreation services with an average annual growth rate of 2.0%; and

� Retail trade with an average annual growth rate of 2.1%.

In the Manufacturing industry, own account workers and micro employing businesses

recorded a positive average annual growth of 4.3% and 3.6% respectively. All of the other

business categories have either remained constant or shown negative average annual

growth over the period 1983–84 to 2000–01.

The Cultural and recreation services industry, whilst showing low average annual growth

for small business employees at 2.0% over the 17 year period, had an average annual rate

of change of 4.1% for all business employees. Large businesses, those with 200 or more

employees, has increased by an average annual 7.2% and businesses with 100 to 199

employees has increased by an average annual 6.0% over the period 1983–84 to 2000–01.

Small business employees

The Retail trade industry showed a negative average annual growth rate of –0.4% for

non-employing businesses and small average annual growth rates for micro employing

businesses and other small businesses, of 1.2% and 1.3% respectively. Overall, the

average annual growth rate for all businesses in the Retail trade industry was 0.6%.

The Wholesale trade industry also had a negative average annual growth rate of –0.4% for

non-employing businesses. The average annual growth rates for micro employing

businesses was 2.6% in this industry and other small businesses had an average annual

growth rate of 3.1%.

Small businesses continued



(a) Industry division as defined in the Australian and NewZealand Standard Industrial Classification, 1993 (cat.no. 1292.0).

(b) Includes the Mining and Electricity, gas and water supplyindustries. Excludes agricultural businesses.

(c) Includes the Communication services industry.(d) Excludes agricultural businesses.Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Employment

and Earnings; Labour Force Survey.

2.54.42.02.63.21.23.03.5Total private sector(d)

2.02.71.31.24.41.63.03.3Total service providing(c)–3.1–7.72.9–1.57.46.03.73.9Personal and other services–4.45.110.45.10.7–5.92.53.3


8.012.81.5–6.5–1.5–0.25.46.4Health and community

services

–7.8–6.58.47.911.79.75.45.8Education4.45.62.00.48.71.75.76.6


8.95.97.825.822.513.13.24.0Finance and insurance1.112.2–1.7–7.78.95.33.02.5Transport and storage5.510.2–3.3–2.65.50.82.93.4


1.0–1.1–1.61.5–0.4–1.71.00.5Retail trade–1.4–9.64.47.13.44.41.91.6Wholesale trade

Services providing

4.08.84.06.3–0.5–0.13.24.2Total goods producing(b)4.910.79.88.74.73.04.24.4Construction2.62.9–4.61.5–7.4–6.01.73.6Manufacturing

Goods producing

%%%%%%%%Indus t r y d i v i s i on

Employ-

ment

Number

of busi-

nesses

Employ-

ment

Number

of busi-

nesses

Employ-

ment

Number

of busi-

nesses

Employ-

ment

Number

of busi-

nesses

AVERAGEANNUALGROWTH1999–2000 TO2000–01




GROWTH IN PRIVATE SECTOR SMALL BUSINESS, by indus t r y div i s ion (a)3.1 . . . . . . . . .



(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Includes the Mining and Electricity, gas and water supply industries.(c) Excludes agricultural businesses.Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Employment and Earnings; Labour Force Survey.

6 901.947.23 259.11 164.196.41 122.0Total(c)

5 288.946.72 470.0833.196.0799.7Services providing1 613.148.9789.2331.097.4322.3Goods producing(b)

20 0 0 – 0 1

6 734.847.23 181.01 114.596.41 074.9Total(c)


19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0

6 659.546.83 119.61 086.896.41 048.0Total(c)


19 9 8 – 9 9

6 377.247.43 023.21 072.396.61 036.0Total(c)


19 9 7 – 9 8

4 355.545.11 963.7644.996.2620.6Total(c)


19 8 3 – 8 4

'000%'000'000%'000

All

businesses

Proportion

employed

in small

business

Persons

employed

in small

businesses

All

businesses

Proportion

of small

businesses

Number of

small

businesses

PERSONS EMPLOYEDNUMBER OF BUSINESSES

NUMBER OF BUSINESSES AND PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR (a) ,

By broad indust r y 3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



na not available(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New

Zealand Standard Industrial Classification, 1993 (cat. no.1292.0).

(c) Includes the Mining and Electricity, gas and water supplyindustries. Excludes agricultural businesses.

Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Employmentand Earnings; Labour Force Survey.

47.43 023.22 044.1979.11 072.396.61 036.0Total all industries(c)

69.0166.595.471.174.798.673.6Personal and other services42.482.147.934.239.996.238.3Cultural and recreational services44.3230.5180.450.176.496.173.5Health and community services27.053.735.018.723.291.821.3Education59.3526.7369.3157.4207.197.9202.8Property and business services16.144.031.712.317.594.516.5Finance and insurance

nananananananaCommunication services52.9152.286.665.566.798.065.3Transport and storage43.6179.0143.635.435.389.131.4Accommodation, cafes and restaurants50.9601.9413.4188.5169.497.3164.9Retail trade44.1226.1186.339.961.892.056.8Wholesale trade78.7412.5205.9206.6188.199.2186.5Construction30.8311.9231.280.796.593.089.8Manufacturing

19 9 7 – 9 8

45.11 963.71 252.9710.8644.996.2620.6Total all industries(c)



19 8 3 – 8 4

%'000'000'000'000%'000Indus t r y d i v i s i on

Pro-

portion

of all

busi-

nesses

Total

employ-

ment

Private

sector

employees

Persons

working

in own

busi-

nessesNumber

Pro-

portion

of all

busi-

nessesNumber

SMALL BUSINESS EMPLOYMENTALLBUSINESSES

SMALLBUSINESS


By indust r y div i s ion(b)3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .










19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0




19 9 8 – 9 9


Pro-

portion

of all

busi-

nesses

Total

employ-

ment

Private

sector

employees

Persons

working

in own

busi-

nessesNumber

Pro-

portion

of all

busi-

nessesNumber


SMALLBUSINESS


By indust r y div i s ion(b) co n t i n u e d3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New





70.5178.3112.965.572.098.570.9Personal and other services44.787.249.138.041.496.139.8Cultural and recreational services43.0248.8196.552.380.396.477.4Health and community services28.559.939.520.425.492.823.6Education51.2609.8451.0158.8226.396.6218.6Property and business services22.263.250.312.825.896.424.9Finance and insurance52.429.08.720.419.299.119.0Communication services49.5164.798.766.073.197.571.2Transport and storage44.5192.6149.143.538.388.734.0Accommodation, cafes and restaurants49.0595.9435.9160.0168.796.5162.8Retail trade44.6240.6207.732.962.591.857.4Wholesale trade82.4497.4259.6237.8232.699.3231.1Construction30.2282.5202.979.795.192.888.2Manufacturing

20 0 0 – 0 1


Pro-

portion

of all

busi-

nesses

Total

employ-

ment

Private

sector

employees

Persons

working

in own

busi-

nessesNumber

Pro-

portion

of all

busi-

nessesNumber


SMALLBUSINESS









6 377.23 354.0Total all industries(c)

241.274.8Personal and other services193.5111.5Cultural and recreational services519.8289.3Health and community services199.2145.5Education888.7362.1Property and business services273.6229.7Finance and insurance

nanaCommunication services287.7135.5Transport and storage410.9231.9Accommodation, cafes and restaurants

1 183.1581.1Retail trade512.4286.3Wholesale trade524.1111.6Construction

1 013.2701.3Manufacturing

19 9 7 – 9 8


130.934.9Personal and other services100.543.6Cultural and recreational services256.3154.5Health and community services

77.553.0Education418.3182.0Property and business services160.7123.6Finance and insurance

nanaCommunication services183.082.9Transport and storage238.6119.7Accommodation, cafes and restaurants870.4371.3Retail trade383.3207.7Wholesale trade334.687.1Construction

1 027.0814.9Manufacturing

19 8 3 – 8 4

000000Indus t r y d i v i s i on

All busi-

nesses

Busi-

nesses

other

than

small

EMPLOYMENT










257.773.7Personal and other services194.7103.5Cultural and recreational services532.4302.0Health and community services208.0143.0Education

1 069.5485.3Property and business services286.9228.9Finance and insurance


1 217.8627.8Retail trade567.2323.1Wholesale trade580.0105.7Construction956.8681.4Manufacturing

19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0


258.579.7Personal and other services194.6112.0Cultural and recreational services535.0308.0Health and community services205.8145.8Education992.0419.4Property and business services300.9247.1Finance and insurance



19 9 8 – 9 9


All busi-

nesses

Busi-

nesses

other

than

small

EMPLOYMENT





(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New





253.274.8Personal and other services195.1108.0Cultural and recreational services578.7329.9Health and community services210.2150.3Education

1 191.4581.7Property and business services284.1220.9Finance and insurance

55.526.4Communication services332.5167.8Transport and storage432.9240.3Accommodation, cafes and restaurants


20 0 0 – 0 1


All busi-

nesses

Busi-

nesses

other

than

small

EMPLOYMENT





* estimate has a relative standard error of between 25% and50% and should be used with caution

— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)na not available(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New




1 072.31 036.02.63.430.2149.3355.4531.3Total all industries(c)

74.773.6—0.10.95.622.945.1Personal and other

services

39.938.3*0.1*0.11.32.511.124.7Cultural and recreational

services

76.473.50.20.32.413.031.828.7Health and community

services

23.221.30.10.21.62.74.913.7Education207.1202.80.30.43.622.489.391.1


17.516.50.1*0.1*0.7*2.17.66.8Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services

66.765.30.10.11.15.617.142.6Transport and storage35.331.40.1*0.23.512.811.37.2

Accommodation, cafesand restaurants

169.4164.90.4*0.53.633.859.172.0Retail trade61.856.80.20.34.515.522.019.3Wholesale trade

188.1186.50.1*0.21.314.148.0124.4Construction96.589.80.70.75.317.827.744.3Manufacturing

19 9 7 – 9 8 ( ' 0 0 0 )

644.9620.61.82.120.495.2186.2339.2Total all industries(c)

37.637.3——0.34.010.223.1Personal and other

services

23.322.9——0.42.75.514.7Cultural and recreational

services


services

9.59.1——0.41.11.86.2Education76.273.40.20.12.510.129.334.0


13.212.80.1—*0.3*1.65.95.3Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services

47.646.80.1—0.73.18.035.7Transport and storage21.319.20.1*0.11.96.08.64.6



113.2111.9—*0.11.26.023.582.4Construction54.748.10.90.84.912.513.222.4Manufacturing

19 8 3 – 8 4 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or

more100–19920–995–191–4Indus t r y d i v i s i on

All busi-

nesses

Total small

businesses

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

busi-

nesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion (b )3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .




na not available— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New





77.876.80.10.10.88.422.346.1Personal and other

services


services


services

27.025.20.10.31.43.34.517.4Education213.5207.00.40.45.730.388.588.3







19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0 ( ' 0 0 0 )


79.178.0—0.20.97.423.247.4Personal and other

services


services


services

25.323.40.10.31.53.14.815.4Education211.1206.20.40.54.027.191.088.1







19 9 8 – 9 9 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All busi-

nesses

Total small

businesses

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

busi-

nesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion (b ) co n t i n u e d3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . .




— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)na not available(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New






services


services


services

6.05.8——7.86.74.16.0Education6.66.65.77.36.16.96.66.6


4.04.06.87.34.43.94.82.9Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services

2.52.56.06.84.84.65.41.4Transport and storage3.53.43.04.84.44.72.13.8


0.60.56.03.84.01.31.2–0.4Retail trade1.71.61.50.74.03.12.6–0.4Wholesale trade4.34.44.25.10.56.95.73.7Construction3.33.6–1.9–1.20.70.94.74.2Manufacturing

AV E R A G E AN N U A L RA T E OF CH A N G E 19 8 3 – 8 4 TO 20 0 0 – 0 1 (% )


72.070.90.10.10.97.722.141.1Personal and other

services


services


services

25.423.60.10.31.43.23.616.7Education226.3218.60.40.56.831.586.6100.6


25.824.90.2*0.1*0.6*3.013.38.6Finance and insurance19.219.0——0.10.42.715.9Communication services73.171.20.20.11.56.619.645.1Transport and storage38.334.00.2*0.23.913.012.28.8




20 0 0 – 0 1 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All busi-

nesses

Total small

businesses

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

busi-

nesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion (b ) co n t i n u e d3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . .



* estimate has a relative standard error of between 25% and 50%and should be used with caution

na not available(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New Zealand

Standard Industrial Classification, 1993 (cat. no. 1292.0).

(c) Includes working proprietors and partners of unincorporatedemploying and non-employing businesses; working directors ofincorporated businesses are classified as employees.

(d) Includes the Mining and Electricity, gas and water supply industries.Excludes agricultural businesses.


5 398.12 044.11 671.6469.11 213.31 301.6742.5305.7673.4Total all industries(d)

170.195.422.813.238.848.347.117.653.5Personal and other

services

159.447.947.1*15.149.325.722.25.928.3Cultural and recreational

services


services

180.535.050.231.264.124.610.42.716.0Education731.4369.3168.554.0139.5195.7173.644.2113.2


261.431.7176.418.534.8*17.114.63.09.3Finance and insurancenananananananananaCommunication services



994.6413.4365.473.7142.0279.7133.787.3101.2Retail trade472.6186.374.138.2174.0138.647.613.526.4Wholesale trade317.5205.931.9*27.052.7107.698.246.8159.9Construction932.5231.2389.5100.0211.8168.662.625.055.6Manufacturing

19 9 7 – 9 8 ( ' 0 0 0 )

3 644.71 252.91 264.7324.2802.9835.3417.6273.3437.5Total all industries(d)


services


services


services

68.815.819.29.824.011.04.81.57.2Education348.9166.976.623.082.498.568.427.342.1





675.8304.5231.846.093.5203.8100.789.2105.4Retail trade340.6132.974.838.194.8100.532.416.726.0Wholesale trade191.3104.226.3*14.846.052.252.037.9105.4Construction974.8159.9505.6109.5199.8125.534.424.028.2Manufacturing

19 8 3 – 8 4 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200 or

more100–19920–995–191–4Employers

Own

account

workersIndus t r y d i v i s i on

All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

PERSONSWORKING IN OWNBUSINESS(c)

PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion (b )3.5 . . . . . . . .











services


services


services

184.341.346.538.258.329.312.03.520.3Education919.7434.4196.365.1223.9264.5169.939.9109.9





1 042.2414.4399.650.8177.4276.0138.474.1101.5Retail trade524.7201.690.846.2186.2144.257.412.130.4Wholesale trade357.6251.938.6*25.042.1143.0108.949.2173.2Construction878.2196.8363.8105.2212.4138.658.224.154.5Manufacturing

19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services


services

185.239.450.238.557.128.311.12.618.0Education840.7421.3182.372.3164.7242.9178.441.9109.4






19 9 8 – 9 9 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200 or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP


PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion (b ) co n t i n u e d3.5




— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)na not available(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New Zealand





2.93.62.12.13.23.53.70.12.9Total all industries(d)


services

4.12.07.26.04.31.62.61.23.9Cultural and recreational

services


services

6.25.56.18.75.26.14.03.75.4Education6.66.06.96.37.46.25.72.46.2


3.53.83.75.21.33.14.5–1.32.2Finance and insurancenananananananananaCommunication services



2.72.13.2—4.02.31.9–1.8–0.6Retail trade2.42.70.90.13.62.82.3–3.1–0.7Wholesale trade3.95.52.41.20.46.24.81.33.5Construction

–0.81.4–2.2–1.30.60.63.6–0.44.3Manufacturing

AV E R A G E AN N U A L RA T E OF CH A N G E , 19 8 3 – 8 4 TO 20 0 0 – 0 1 (% )



services


services


services

189.839.552.940.457.030.29.32.817.6Education1 032.7451.0236.965.4279.4274.8176.240.8117.9


271.350.3175.519.526.0*24.725.62.310.5Finance and insurance35.18.717.64.24.63.65.12.118.3Communication services




20 0 0 – 0 1 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200 or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP


PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion (b ) co n t i n u e d3.5



CHAP T E R 4 ST A T E PR O F I L E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

In 1983–84, Queensland had the highest proportion of persons working in their own

business (40%), while the Australian Capital Territory had the lowest proportion (27%).

Growth across states and

terr i tor ies

In Australia in 2000–01, there were 989,700 persons working in their own small business.

This category covers proprietors and partners of unincorporated businesses. Persons

working in their own business accounted for 30% of all small business employment,

compared to 36% in 1983–84. Across states, the ratios for 2000–01 were highest in

Queensland (35%) and lowest in the Northern Territory (24%). It should be noted that

directors of incorporated companies are recorded as employees.

PE R S O N S WO R K I N G IN

TH E I R OW N BU S I N E S S

In the seventeen years between 1983–84 and 2000–01, the contribution of the small

business sector to total non-agricultural private sector employment in Australia rose from

just over 45% to just over 47%. Employment in this sector had an average annual growth

rate of 3% during this period. Across the states, the average annual growth rates were

highest in Western Australia (4%) and Queensland (4%), while Tasmania had the lowest

growth rate (2%).


terr i tor ies

In Australia in 2000–01, 47% of all non-agricultural private sector employment came from

small business. Across the states, the distribution varied from 43% in Victoria to 53% in

the Australian Capital Territory.

SM A L L BU S I N E S S

EM P L O Y M E N T

Between 1983–84 and 2000–01 the number of small businesses in Australia grew by 81%,

representing an average annual growth rate of 3.5%. Among the states and territories,

Northern Territory (8%) and Western Australia (5%) recorded the highest average annual

growth rates, while both South Australia and Tasmania at 2.5% had the lowest rate.


terr i tor ies

In 2000–01, most states and territories had similar proportions of small and larger

businesses. The exceptions were, New South Wales with 33% of total small business but

only 28% of the larger business population; and Victoria with 24% of the small businesses

and 29% of the larger businesses. Small businesses accounted for more than 96% of total

businesses in Australia, with New South Wales having the highest proportion of small

businesses with 97% and Northern Territory the least with 93%.

NU M B E R S OF SM A L L

BU S I N E S S E S

This chapter contains detailed data for each state and territory on the numbers of

non-agricultural private sector small businesses and their employment. For each state or

territory, data are presented by industry and employer size. Within this chapter the term

employer size refers to the number of employees of a business.



Between 1983–84 and 2000–01 the number of persons working in their own business in

Australia grew by 39%, representing an average annual growth rate of 2%. Western

Australia had the highest average annual growth rate (4%), while Victoria (1%) had the

lowest.


terr i tor ies continued


CH A P T E R 4 • S T A T E P R O F I L E S

(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Includes working proprietors and partners of unincorporated



6 659.546.83 119.62 161.8957.81 086.896.41 048.0Australia

91.453.949.336.213.116.796.616.2Australian Capital Territory56.950.028.521.07.59.094.58.5Northern Territory

137.748.867.245.022.223.195.822.1Tasmania689.448.3332.7215.8117.0120.396.8116.5Western Australia483.047.8230.9156.274.680.596.277.4South Australia

1 203.650.2603.6399.5204.2212.997.0206.6Queensland1 701.444.1750.7532.3218.4260.595.7249.4Victoria2 296.246.01 056.6755.8300.9363.796.6351.2New South Wales

19 9 8 – 9 9

6 377.247.43 023.22 044.1979.11 072.396.61 036.0Australia




19 9 7 – 9 8

4 355.545.11 963.71 252.9710.8644.996.2620.6Australia


108.147.651.533.817.716.196.315.5Tasmania386.146.8180.6113.167.558.996.456.8Western Australia362.243.2156.4101.255.251.095.348.6South Australia661.949.6328.1195.5132.6106.596.7103.0Queensland

1 200.742.4509.1321.9187.2168.895.9161.8Victoria1 551.044.4688.5451.6236.9230.196.4221.9New South Wales

19 8 3 – 8 4

'000%'000'000'000'000%'000

Pro-

portion

of all

busi-

nesses

Total

employ-

ment

Private

Sector

employees

Persons

working

in own

busi-

ness(b)Number

Pro-

portion

of all

busi-

nessesNumber

Total

employ-

ment


SMALLBUSINESS

NUMBER OF BUSINESSES AND PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR (a)4.1 .



(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Includes working proprietors and partners of unincorporated



6 901.947.23 259.12 269.4989.71 164.196.41 122.0Australia




20 0 0 – 0 1

6 734.847.23 181.02 204.4976.61 114.596.41 074.9Australia




19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0

'000%'000'000'000'000%'000

Pro-

portion

of all

busi-

nesses

Total

employ-

ment

Private

Sector

employees

Persons

working

in own

busi-

ness(b)Number

Pro-

portion

of all

busi-

nessesNumber

Total

employ-

ment


SMALLBUSINESS

NUMBER OF BUSINESSES AND PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR (a)

co n t i n u e d4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .




** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% andis considered too unreliable for general use

— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)na not available(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.

(b) Industry division as defined in the Australian and NewZealand Standard Industrial Classification, 1993 (cat. no.1292.0).




21.321.1——*0.2*1.95.613.6Personal and other

services

13.713.5——*0.20.5*4.58.4Cultural and recreational

services

25.224.10.1*0.1*0.84.811.08.3Health and community

services

7.57.1—0.1*0.3*1.2*2.23.7Education78.877.20.10.1*1.38.339.729.2


4.34.0——*0.2*0.8*1.31.9Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services

20.920.5——*0.3*2.54.613.4Transport and storage12.611.10.1*0.11.34.8*4.22.2


54.152.60.1*0.1*1.210.621.120.9Retail trade21.519.2*0.1*0.12.25.76.66.9Wholesale trade61.561.1—**0.1*0.35.616.439.2Construction29.827.60.20.21.75.58.613.5Manufacturing

19 9 7 – 9 8 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services

10.810.2—*0.1*0.52.05.13.1Health and community

services

3.13.0——*0.1*0.4*0.71.9Education30.930.10.1—*0.74.813.511.8


5.14.80.1—*0.2*0.8*2.51.5Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services

18.818.40.1—*0.3*1.03.114.3Transport and storage8.07.2—*0.10.72.3*3.11.8


52.551.5—*0.1*0.910.815.625.1Retail trade18.717.6*0.1*0.10.94.05.58.1Wholesale trade40.640.1—**0.1*0.42.17.530.5Construction17.915.60.30.21.84.44.86.4Manufacturing

19 8 3 – 8 4 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion (b ) —New South Wales4.2 . . . .











services

12.912.6—*0.1*0.21.9*2.88.0Cultural and recreational

services


services

7.87.3—0.1*0.3*1.1*1.54.8Education73.771.20.10.1*2.29.635.825.8


7.36.90.1—*0.4*0.3*3.82.7Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services



54.453.00.1*0.1*1.210.520.022.6Retail trade25.523.7*0.1*0.11.65.28.110.4Wholesale trade73.873.6——*0.28.121.843.7Construction31.129.30.20.31.35.29.115.0Manufacturing

19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0 ( ' 0 0 0 )


23.022.7—*0.1*0.2*2.36.414.0Personal and other

services


services


services

8.27.9—0.1*0.2*1.4*1.74.7Education82.781.10.10.2*1.310.540.630.0


5.85.30.1**0.1*0.3*0.8*2.91.7Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services



53.451.90.1*0.1*1.310.221.020.7Retail trade22.019.3*0.1*0.12.55.46.07.9Wholesale trade62.862.5—**0.1*0.15.717.039.9Construction27.926.00.20.21.45.19.611.4Manufacturing

19 9 8 – 9 9 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion (b ) —New South Wales

co n t i n u e d4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .










services


services

5.96.17.95.1–1.76.33.98.6Health and community

services

5.95.8——7.37.32.16.5Education5.55.54.56.37.14.95.85.3


1.41.52.3–0.4–1.1–4.31.73.0Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services1.01.0–1.9–1.03.26.03.7–0.4Transport and storage3.03.02.94.23.64.72.01.8


——4.82.0–0.1–0.41.6–1.0Retail trade0.1—–1.1–0.61.71.11.7–2.2Wholesale trade4.14.2–1.0–4.6–2.48.16.82.9Construction3.33.7–1.2–0.7–1.20.73.95.1Manufacturing




services

12.712.2—*0.1*0.41.1*3.57.5Cultural and recreational

services


services

8.17.7—0.1*0.3*1.2*1.05.5Education76.974.40.10.1*2.210.935.128.4


6.66.30.1—*0.2*0.4*3.42.6Finance and insurance7.77.7———0.20.96.6Communication services



52.751.60.1*0.1*0.910.220.321.1Retail trade19.017.7*0.1*0.11.24.87.45.5Wholesale trade80.880.5——*0.37.723.049.7Construction30.929.00.20.21.54.99.214.8Manufacturing

20 0 0 – 0 1 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion (b ) —New South Wales

co n t i n u e d4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .




** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% and isconsidered too unreliable for general use




(d) Includes the Mining and Electricity, gas and water supplyindustries. Excludes agricultural businesses.


1 908.4713.9629.4147.5417.6447.5266.4110.8205.5Total all industries(d)

48.926.810.6*4.9*6.6*14.911.85.516.0Personal and other

services

41.613.314.7*5.7*7.94.9*8.32.09.3Cultural and recreational

services


services

59.515.024.48.7*11.4*10.8*4.10.74.8Education295.8150.676.519.948.970.580.116.534.9


105.79.678.1**6.3*11.7*6.7*2.81.02.8Finance and insurancenananananananananaCommunication services

85.530.736.9*2.9*15.1*23.0*7.74.415.8Transport and storage136.154.521.3*10.849.544.1*10.411.03.6


343.4133.7139.0*20.450.285.148.730.029.2Retail trade197.165.932.5*13.984.850.215.74.67.9Wholesale trade104.573.7*8.7**8.9*13.1*41.432.316.748.6Construction291.270.6121.128.770.852.718.010.316.9Manufacturing

19 9 7 – 9 8 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services


services

24.04.810.53.0*5.7*3.1*1.70.62.4Education140.474.131.97.926.543.230.910.414.1





237.3111.083.6*12.730.078.532.527.735.0Retail trade132.749.734.0*12.836.236.013.76.69.2Wholesale trade

63.934.3*11.9**3.9*13.8*17.317.011.237.9Construction348.156.5179.543.069.143.612.96.68.0Manufacturing

19 8 3 – 8 4 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP


PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion (b ) —New

South Wales4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .












services


services


services

61.412.924.69.7*14.3*8.8*4.01.16.2Education315.4155.568.817.873.389.166.315.330.9






19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services


services

60.816.823.98.8*11.2*13.2*3.61.16.0Education324.1172.475.522.453.894.777.714.535.8






19 9 8 – 9 9 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP



South Wales co n t i n u e d4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .












services

3.91.45.77.74.20.82.4–1.81.9Cultural and recreational

services

4.05.95.02.9–0.27.13.40.47.8Health and community

services

5.76.25.85.05.57.62.63.75.4Education5.44.95.45.07.05.04.71.85.2


2.8–0.63.72.91.0–3.21.6–1.72.6Finance and insurancenananananananananaCommunication services3.94.24.45.51.95.62.00.4–0.6Transport and storage3.32.34.95.13.42.51.52.12.4


1.91.23.2–0.80.90.91.9–1.5–1.3Retail trade1.21.50.6–0.21.81.31.8–3.4–1.7Wholesale trade4.66.82.5–0.2–1.27.46.11.72.7Construction

–1.61.1–2.9–1.8–1.00.52.8–0.34.9Manufacturing




services


services


services

61.613.327.46.9*14.1*10.6*2.71.15.8Education345.8166.078.218.183.498.567.514.133.5


107.910.284.1**5.7*8.0*3.6*6.50.73.6Finance and insurance18.82.812.21.91.81.41.40.77.4Communication services90.232.039.1*4.2*14.9*22.0*10.04.115.2Transport and storage

139.752.123.6*16.447.740.8*11.310.74.5Accommodation, cafes

and restaurants


20 0 0 – 0 1 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP



South Wales co n t i n u e d4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .




— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)na not available** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% and

is considered too unreliable for general use(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.






services

10.59.8——*0.7*1.0*2.56.3Cultural and recreational

services

18.717.9—**0.10.63.07.37.7Health and community

services

5.64.9—*0.10.70.8*0.83.2Education49.448.1*0.1*0.1*1.16.719.821.6


3.93.6——*0.3**0.41.71.6Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services

16.415.9——0.4*1.64.79.6Transport and storage7.76.8——0.83.0*2.21.6


40.039.00.1*0.2*0.88.213.217.6Retail trade14.913.9—0.1*0.92.88.03.2Wholesale trade48.047.6——*0.3*3.214.330.1Construction29.126.80.20.31.96.18.612.1Manufacturing

19 9 7 – 9 8 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services

7.87.3——0.51.43.82.1Health and community

services

3.43.1——0.30.4*0.62.1Education19.218.3*0.1—*0.82.27.78.4



11.911.7——0.2*0.61.99.2Transport and storage5.34.80.1—0.41.5*2.01.3


38.137.2—*0.1*0.85.612.519.1Retail trade11.110.4—0.1*0.62.83.14.5Wholesale trade33.132.8——*0.3*1.17.324.4Construction16.814.60.30.31.63.63.77.3Manufacturing

19 8 3 – 8 4 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion(b) —Vic to r ia4.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . .











services


services

17.016.30.1—0.63.56.76.0Health and community

services

7.36.7—*0.10.51.4*1.44.0Education53.951.5*0.1*0.1*2.18.221.421.9


6.76.5—**0.1*0.1**0.64.41.4Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services



40.539.30.1*0.1*1.07.613.218.6Retail trade16.715.10.10.1*1.43.86.94.4Wholesale trade51.651.2—**0.1*0.2*2.916.831.5Construction24.722.40.20.31.74.99.08.6Manufacturing

19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0 ( ' 0 0 0 )


21.321.0—*0.1*0.2*1.36.513.2Personal and other

services

10.49.7—**0.1*0.6*1.1*2.56.1Cultural and recreational

services

16.716.00.1**0.10.63.36.56.3Health and community

services

6.65.7—*0.10.70.9*1.23.7Education47.045.4*0.1*0.1*1.46.520.018.9





38.837.80.1*0.1*0.88.013.116.7Retail trade15.113.6——*1.43.17.43.0Wholesale trade46.045.5—**0.1*0.4*3.513.628.3Construction27.625.30.20.31.85.59.510.3Manufacturing

19 9 8 – 9 9 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion(b) —Vic to r ia co n t i n u e d4.4 . . . . .




— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% and

is considered too unreliable for general usena not available(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.






services


services


services

4.74.7——3.86.23.04.9Education6.05.96.07.66.88.35.45.7


4.14.1——2.26.36.00.4Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services2.32.3——–2.93.76.60.9Transport and storage3.53.6–4.7–1.03.54.62.53.7


0.1—2.62.43.73.0–0.7–0.8Retail trade2.42.32.91.34.43.24.6–1.1Wholesale trade3.43.4——0.86.55.82.3Construction3.03.3–2.3–0.61.31.06.12.5Manufacturing




services


services

17.416.30.1**0.10.93.36.26.8Health and community

services

7.46.7—*0.10.61.0*1.04.6Education51.548.7*0.2*0.1*2.48.418.821.5


7.97.7——*0.1**1.14.61.9Finance and insurance4.24.2———0.10.83.3Communication services

17.617.4*0.1—0.1*1.25.510.7Transport and storage9.58.7——0.73.3*3.02.4


38.737.10.1*0.1*1.59.311.216.7Retail trade16.615.20.10.1*1.24.86.63.7Wholesale trade58.658.2——*0.3*3.319.035.8Construction27.925.40.20.32.04.310.111.1Manufacturing

20 0 0 – 0 1 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion(b) —Vic to r ia co n t i n u e d4.4 . . . . .












services

57.417.813.6**4.421.7*12.2**5.61.56.3Cultural and recreational

services

108.341.426.5**9.930.427.314.12.78.5Health and community

services

48.69.57.0*7.524.67.3*2.21.13.4Education188.289.4*50.9*9.4*38.556.433.19.526.5


68.25.449.4*3.7*9.7**3.22.20.42.2Finance and insurancenananananananananaCommunication services

64.225.217.9*6.6*14.5*14.810.41.611.0Transport and storage77.230.613.2**3.030.425.9*4.73.42.5


237.895.191.7*21.6*29.365.829.319.624.6Retail trade104.842.820.0*9.0*33.026.316.52.05.3Wholesale trade

89.657.9**12.5**6.6*12.6*26.831.08.438.1Construction323.879.6131.736.975.558.221.45.514.8Manufacturing

19 9 7 – 9 8 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services


services

23.55.52.7*3.811.53.9*1.60.52.2Education94.441.3*23.8*4.6*24.723.717.66.610.3





181.477.764.3*11.7*27.749.827.923.226.8Retail trade91.133.120.6*11.4*26.026.76.45.27.5Wholesale trade48.628.9**6.8**3.0*9.9*10.818.19.030.8Construction

339.150.0179.441.368.439.810.28.59.0Manufacturing

19 8 3 – 8 4 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200 or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP


PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR (a) , By indus t r y

div i s ion(b) —Vic to r ia4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .












services


services


services

52.716.06.0*11.619.111.8*4.31.34.2Education294.7111.4*76.3*20.7*86.371.540.09.726.8







19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services


services

52.811.87.6*10.123.38.2*3.70.83.9Education221.996.1*61.9*10.4*53.457.338.810.723.2







19 9 8 – 9 9 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200 or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP



div i s ion(b) —Vic to r ia co n t i n u e d4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .










2.93.62.32.03.13.63.5–1.12.1Total all industries(d)


services

3.62.38.6–1.53.12.61.62.83.6Cultural and recreational

services

4.84.17.91.83.84.82.9–2.16.6Health and community

services

4.94.76.68.32.85.04.23.24.5Education8.06.88.89.08.77.65.51.55.4


4.55.84.65.91.44.86.7–0.1–0.4Finance and insurancenananananananananaCommunication services4.14.67.43.7–2.83.36.0–1.01.0Transport and storage2.53.21.64.31.93.80.93.13.6


2.52.23.0–0.43.23.2–0.1–3.4–0.6Retail trade2.22.71.10.32.92.14.7–7.3–2.5Wholesale trade3.34.11.14.81.34.43.90.42.2Construction

–0.90.9–2.6–0.60.9–0.23.8–2.82.4Manufacturing




services


services


services

53.212.18.1*14.718.48.9*3.20.94.6Education347.7126.3*99.3*19.9*102.382.543.88.525.0


79.518.449.4*4.9*6.8**8.210.30.62.3Finance and insurance9.32.84.21.31.00.62.10.23.9Communication services





20 0 0 – 0 1 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200 or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP



div i s ion(b) —Vic to r ia co n t i n u e d4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .










14.113.9——**0.2*1.34.28.3Personal and other

services

6.36.0——0.3*0.4*2.13.4Cultural and recreational

services


services

4.54.2—*0.1*0.2*0.3*1.12.9Education34.634.2——*0.3*3.813.217.2


3.53.5———**0.5*1.21.7Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services

15.415.2——*0.2*0.54.010.7Transport and storage6.25.6—*0.10.51.9*2.51.2


33.832.9*0.1**0.10.76.810.715.4Retail trade11.811.1—*0.1*0.6*3.23.54.4Wholesale trade37.136.7——*0.4*2.89.824.1Construction16.515.60.1*0.10.73.04.77.9Manufacturing

19 9 7 – 9 8 ( ' 0 0 0 )


6.56.5———*0.71.64.2Personal and other

services


services


services

1.41.4———*0.1*0.21.1Education12.311.8—*0.1*0.4*1.63.46.8


1.71.7———**0.2*0.60.9Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services8.78.6——*0.1*0.81.56.3Transport and storage3.63.3——0.31.1*1.50.7


28.528.0—**0.10.44.98.914.2Retail trade7.87.3—*0.1*0.4*1.82.62.9Wholesale trade

18.318.0——*0.3*1.74.411.9Construction8.77.90.1*0.10.62.11.74.1Manufacturing

19 8 3 – 8 4 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion(b ) —Queens land4.6 . . . . . . . . .











services


services


services

4.84.6—*0.1*0.1*0.4*0.73.5Education36.735.90.1*0.1*0.7*4.812.318.8


4.84.7——0.1**0.4*2.91.4Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services



34.633.3—**0.11.16.013.014.3Retail trade12.911.5—*0.1*1.2*3.05.43.1Wholesale trade39.239.0——*0.2*2.29.227.5Construction15.714.40.1*0.11.11.93.68.9Manufacturing

19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services


services

4.34.1—*0.1*0.1*0.4*0.92.8Education34.734.0—*0.1*0.5*4.611.917.5


2.92.8———**0.7*1.21.0Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services




19 9 8 – 9 9 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion(b ) —Queens land co n t i n u e d4.6 .










4.44.3———2.86.93.2Personal and other

services

5.65.5——7.0–0.74.57.0Cultural and recreational

services


services

6.86.5———11.25.46.3Education7.57.60.74.05.48.57.57.4


7.06.8———11.17.15.2Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services3.63.5——10.20.16.72.8Transport and storage4.03.8——5.22.73.26.3


1.31.25.22.86.10.22.30.8Retail trade3.02.93.0–0.45.83.82.32.7Wholesale trade5.35.4——–1.83.65.15.8Construction3.53.61.7–4.33.91.15.13.8Manufacturing




services


services


services

4.13.9—*0.1*0.1*0.4*0.63.0Education42.241.0—*0.1*1.0*6.411.523.1


5.45.2——0.1**1.0*2.02.1Finance and insurance3.33.3————0.33.0Communication services

16.015.4——*0.5*0.84.410.2Transport and storage7.16.3——0.71.8*2.52.0



20 0 0 – 0 1 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion(b ) —Queens land co n t i n u e d4.6 .











34.421.22.2*1.9**9.2*11.89.43.610.2Personal and other

services

30.88.710.0**1.211.0**3.8*4.90.95.1Cultural and recreational

services


services

35.34.511.6*8.7*10.5*2.0*2.50.43.3Education92.859.712.7*6.1*14.235.424.48.822.7


33.46.122.0*3.41.9*3.0*3.10.92.3Finance and insurancenananananananananaCommunication services

31.711.612.4**2.6**5.1*4.1*7.64.913.0Transport and storage75.123.118.6*12.620.918.6*4.53.62.4


187.079.166.8**14.826.355.623.516.721.4Retail trade79.533.313.6*7.9*24.7*26.1*7.13.26.6Wholesale trade60.839.72.2**5.6*13.3*20.419.312.031.9Construction

138.537.260.3*16.724.326.710.54.410.4Manufacturing

19 9 7 – 9 8 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services


services

9.21.63.9*2.1*1.6*1.0*0.60.21.2Education50.422.210.2*5.7*12.315.07.26.39.0






112.822.350.0*15.325.218.43.94.85.4Manufacturing

19 8 3 – 8 4 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP



div i s ion(b ) —Queens land4.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .












services


services


services

30.94.410.1*9.4*7.0*2.9*1.50.74.0Education131.363.122.8*10.7*34.839.123.96.624.7





207.884.973.4**15.933.654.630.314.119.8Retail trade107.941.614.5*14.3*37.5*28.2*13.53.44.7Wholesale trade

54.937.05.7**2.6*9.5*17.619.412.536.4Construction139.828.361.4*11.438.619.88.55.111.6Manufacturing

19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services


services

34.14.811.4*12.2*5.7*2.9*1.90.53.2Education125.566.417.7*15.7*25.743.123.37.023.0





201.881.780.9**12.027.255.126.618.417.8Retail trade103.048.014.0*13.0*28.0*37.9*10.13.48.2Wholesale trade

67.446.34.5**4.1*12.6*23.023.310.438.8Construction138.230.161.2*15.131.823.26.95.011.3Manufacturing

19 9 8 – 9 9 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP



div i s ion(b ) —Queens land co n t i n u e d4.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .





na not available— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New Zealand







services

5.11.112.424.64.2—2.91.25.6Cultural and recreational

services

6.48.75.06.04.39.86.9–0.69.9Health and community

services

8.17.17.010.47.88.24.62.75.7Education6.97.25.35.28.27.27.22.36.9


4.58.92.56.84.09.97.0–3.64.2Finance and insurancenananananananananaCommunication services5.54.03.05.89.32.47.00.42.9Transport and storage4.42.87.010.23.82.63.33.36.0


3.12.33.31.95.82.03.0–2.60.5Retail trade4.13.54.22.35.63.82.61.51.9Wholesale trade2.54.62.2–1.7–2.03.36.40.95.5Construction0.82.5–0.7–4.03.41.55.70.14.7Manufacturing




services


services


services

34.35.212.2*11.2*5.7*3.9*1.30.33.1Education157.472.124.7*13.5*47.148.823.39.228.0


36.911.417.1*4.14.3*8.0*3.40.32.4Finance and insurance2.30.90.70.50.30.40.40.93.2Communication services




130.133.844.1*7.744.623.99.84.911.9Manufacturing

20 0 0 – 0 1 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP



div i s ion(b ) —Queens land co n t i n u e d4.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .




— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% and is

considered too unreliable for general usena not available(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.

(b) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New ZealandStandard Industrial Classification, 1993 (cat. no. 1292.0).




7.17.0——*0.1*0.5*2.34.2Personal and other

services


services

5.95.6——*0.3*0.8*2.02.7Health and community

services

2.22.0——*0.10.10.21.7Education11.511.2——0.3**0.84.06.3


1.61.6——**0.1**0.11.00.4Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services3.83.8——**0.1*0.5*0.72.6Transport and storage2.92.7——*0.3*0.71.10.8


14.614.3——*0.32.7*5.06.5Retail trade5.65.4——*0.2*2.21.71.4Wholesale trade

13.012.9——0.1*0.7*2.89.5Construction6.86.20.1*0.10.5*1.31.53.4Manufacturing

19 9 7 – 9 8 ( ' 0 0 0 )


3.43.4———*0.3*1.21.9Personal and other

services


services

2.82.50.1—*0.2*0.6*0.91.0Health and community

services

0.70.7———0.10.10.5Education4.64.4——0.2**0.71.72.0


0.90.9———**0.10.40.4Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services3.53.4——**0.1*0.4*0.52.5Transport and storage1.71.5——*0.2*0.40.90.2


12.912.5——*0.42.4*3.86.3Retail trade3.73.5——*0.2*1.01.11.4Wholesale trade9.59.4——0.1*0.6*1.77.1Construction4.94.30.1*0.10.4*1.11.22.0Manufacturing

19 8 3 – 8 4 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indust r y div i s ion(b) —South Aust ra l ia4.8 . . . . . .











services


services


services

2.62.4——*0.20.20.31.9Education12.412.2——0.2**1.44.86.1


2.02.0————1.20.7Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services4.74.5——**0.2*0.8*0.63.1Transport and storage2.82.4——*0.4*0.80.90.7




19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services


services

2.22.0——*0.10.20.31.6Education11.210.9——0.3**1.64.15.1


1.81.8———**0.11.20.5Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services5.04.9——**0.1*0.6*1.03.3Transport and storage3.32.9——*0.3*1.01.20.8




19 9 8 – 9 9 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indust r y div i s ion(b) —South Aust ra l ia

co n t i n u e d4.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .









2.93.0–0.41.12.63.02.73.1Total all industries(c)


services


services

4.95.3–3.0–0.9–0.13.36.45.2Health and community

services

6.35.8———3.19.55.6Education7.57.6——3.93.27.19.1


4.03.8———–1.46.41.3Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services2.42.3——2.65.01.91.9Transport and storage3.53.0——6.23.5—9.3


–0.6–0.7——0.71.7–1.4–1.4Retail trade1.81.6——4.13.30.50.8Wholesale trade3.23.2——1.78.82.32.7Construction2.12.4–4.2–1.90.20.22.83.2Manufacturing




services


services


services

2.01.9——*0.10.20.31.3Education15.615.2——0.4**1.25.48.6


1.81.7——**0.1**0.11.10.5Finance and insurance1.41.4————0.31.1Communication services5.35.1——**0.2*0.8*0.73.5Transport and storage3.02.5——*0.6*0.70.90.9



16.216.0——0.1*2.3*2.611.1Construction6.96.40.1—0.4*1.21.93.4Manufacturing

20 0 0 – 0 1 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indust r y div i s ion(b) —South Aust ra l ia

co n t i n u e d4.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .











14.89.40.6**0.1*4.7*4.1*5.30.94.7Personal and other

services

7.43.11.5**0.5*2.3*2.0*1.10.22.6Cultural and recreational

services

40.612.113.3*3.5*11.7*6.75.41.92.8Health and community

services

11.31.72.5*1.7*5.41.2*0.50.11.9Education39.717.67.1**2.612.4*8.6*9.02.78.4


19.73.0*11.51.2*3.9**0.7*2.20.30.6Finance and insurancenananananananananaCommunication services

11.96.23.1*0.6**1.9*4.9*1.30.63.1Transport and storage24.210.73.0**1.7*8.8*8.32.42.11.2


72.233.521.5**6.2*11.022.6*10.97.910.0Retail trade35.321.8**1.6**2.2*9.7*18.6*3.21.22.0Wholesale trade16.412.4**1.30.42.2*6.7*5.72.412.6Construction84.715.141.3*8.719.6*12.1*3.01.84.4Manufacturing

19 9 7 – 9 8 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services


services

5.61.61.1*0.2*2.71.3*0.30.10.6Education26.211.35.2**2.37.4*7.2*4.11.62.6


10.32.3*5.50.5*2.0**1.4*0.90.30.5Finance and insurancenananananananananaCommunication services9.73.41.6*1.8**2.9*2.4*1.01.03.0Transport and storage

17.88.41.4**0.4*7.6*5.43.01.70.3Accommodation, cafes

and restaurants


19 8 3 – 8 4 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP


PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR (a) , By indus t r y div i s ion (b ) —South

Aust ra l i a4.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .





considered too unreliable for general usena not available(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New Zealand







services


services


services

13.43.01.7*2.8*5.92.1*0.90.12.1Education40.120.510.1**2.17.3*10.4*10.12.08.0






19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0 ( ' 0 0 0 )


14.59.21.1—*4.2*3.1*6.21.24.3Personal and other

services


services


services

12.22.32.1*2.4*5.41.7*0.60.11.8Education48.623.68.1**2.314.6*14.1*9.52.86.8





72.432.823.6**4.0*12.021.2*11.65.010.8Retail trade36.919.4**1.9**3.5*12.0*16.0*3.41.41.7Wholesale trade18.715.3**1.0—2.4*9.1*6.23.411.0Construction83.515.038.1*8.821.6*11.4*3.62.14.0Manufacturing

19 9 8 – 9 9 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP



Aust ra l i a co n t i n u e d4.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .











2.61.8–1.721.81.90.62.94.73.9Personal and other

services

1.5–0.4–12.05.63.7–0.5–0.110.04.8Cultural and recreational

services


services

5.44.54.915.74.23.87.12.65.4Education3.13.23.4–0.13.30.76.22.27.9


2.91.93.85.50.1–2.55.4–3.61.1Finance and insurancenananananananananaCommunication services4.97.24.6–0.84.28.24.2–0.41.2Transport and storage3.30.15.63.75.20.8–1.50.98.4


1.31.72.6–8.10.72.6–1.10.3–1.7Retail trade2.61.90.6–2.95.62.6–1.2–3.00.6Wholesale trade4.55.79.2–6.81.77.50.8–1.02.5Construction

–0.90.6–2.10.60.30.31.41.92.7Manufacturing




services


services


services

13.73.42.5*2.4*5.42.5*0.90.21.5Education43.719.59.2**2.312.8*8.1*11.42.39.5


16.83.2*10.41.2*2.0**0.9*2.30.20.6Finance and insurance1.30.6—0.10.50.20.40.11.5Communication services




20 0 0 – 0 1 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP



Aust ra l i a co n t i n u e d4.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .











services

4.24.1——0.10.2*0.93.1Cultural and recreational

services


services

2.62.3——0.2*0.20.51.6Education24.123.5—0.1*0.4*1.79.012.8


3.23.0——0.1**0.2*1.81.0Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services7.27.1——*0.1*0.42.34.4Transport and storage3.43.0——*0.4*1.4*0.60.9


18.317.9—**0.1*0.3*3.96.57.5Retail trade5.65.2——*0.4*1.2*1.52.5Wholesale trade

20.520.2——**0.2*1.4*3.215.6Construction10.910.5—**0.1*0.31.5*3.45.6Manufacturing

19 9 7 – 9 8 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services

2.02.0———0.2*0.51.3Cultural and recreational

services


services

0.90.9———*0.10.20.6Education7.87.5——*0.3*0.62.54.4


1.31.3———**0.1*0.60.6Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services3.73.7———*0.20.82.7Transport and storage1.91.7——*0.2*0.5*0.80.4


15.815.6——*0.2*2.25.97.5Retail trade4.34.1——*0.2*1.0*1.21.9Wholesale trade8.88.7——**0.1*0.4*1.86.5Construction5.14.60.1—*0.40.9*1.62.1Manufacturing

19 8 3 – 8 4 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indust r y div i s ion(b) —Weste rn Aust ra l ia4.10 . .











services


services


services

3.12.8——0.2*0.20.42.2Education26.025.6—0.1*0.3*4.49.411.8





20.520.3——**0.2*1.4*3.815.1Construction9.69.1——*0.41.6*2.64.9Manufacturing

19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services


services

2.82.6——0.2*0.10.51.9Education26.125.7—0.1*0.3*2.410.612.7





20.420.1——**0.3*1.1*3.915.0Construction10.19.5—**0.1*0.51.2*2.95.4Manufacturing

19 9 8 – 9 9 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indust r y div i s ion(b) —Weste rn Aust ra l ia

co n t i n u e d4.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .










4.74.8——–2.82.83.95.5Personal and other

services

4.74.5———1.34.25.1Cultural and recreational

services


services

6.45.7———2.66.36.1Education8.08.1——1.710.19.27.0


5.35.1———6.74.95.0Finance and insurancenanananananananaCommunication services5.35.1———7.86.84.3Transport and storage3.23.0——4.46.50.22.5


1.61.4——9.72.33.0–0.6Retail trade3.02.7——6.36.41.60.2Wholesale trade5.75.7——2.69.63.06.0Construction4.44.70.2–4.00.11.04.06.2Manufacturing




services


services


services

2.52.2——0.2*0.20.51.6Education28.628.1—0.1*0.4*3.111.213.8


3.02.9——0.1**0.2*1.41.3Finance and insurance2.02.0———0.10.21.6Communication services8.88.6——*0.1*0.72.55.5Transport and storage3.32.8——*0.4*1.3*0.90.6


20.719.7——*1.0*3.29.76.7Retail trade7.06.4——*0.6*3.0*1.51.9Wholesale trade

22.522.3——**0.2*1.7*3.017.6Construction10.510.10.1—*0.41.1*3.15.9Manufacturing

20 0 0 – 0 1 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , By indust r y div i s ion(b) —Weste rn Aust ra l ia

co n t i n u e d4.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .











15.58.5*2.6*2.0*2.53.94.62.16.5Personal and other

services

15.42.86.4*2.43.81.6*1.20.93.6Cultural and recreational

services

42.416.817.2**3.05.49.8*7.02.02.9Health and community

services

16.72.82.8*2.19.0*1.90.90.22.0Education85.633.7*19.114.7**18.014.219.65.015.8


25.65.112.32.26.0**2.0*3.10.31.3Finance and insurancenananananananananaCommunication services

20.19.45.3**1.6*3.8*3.56.02.55.7Transport and storage39.815.06.6**1.4*16.8*13.4*1.61.81.3


105.650.631.3*7.8*15.934.216.58.210.9Retail trade40.716.96.4**3.9*13.4*13.4*3.52.03.4Wholesale trade34.815.2*7.2**4.4*8.1*8.7*6.55.421.5Construction66.322.324.1**7.2*12.714.08.31.97.0Manufacturing

19 9 7 – 9 8 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services


services

5.11.91.0*0.51.7*1.40.50.10.7Education31.014.6*5.42.1**8.97.37.32.45.4






19 8 3 – 8 4 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP



div i s ion (b) —Western Aust ra l i a4.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .





na not available— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New Zealand







services


services


services

17.42.82.2*2.99.4*1.90.90.12.7Education99.557.9*15.211.9**14.539.318.54.814.5






19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0 ( ' 0 0 0 )



services


services


services

16.82.13.2*3.18.4*1.11.0—2.3Education85.241.1*15.619.8**8.620.520.64.715.6






19 9 8 – 9 9 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP



div i s ion (b) —Western Aust ra l i a co n t i n u e d4.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .












services

4.43.43.81.96.13.04.30.65.0Cultural and recreational

services


services

7.73.3–1.311.411.43.13.76.05.6Education7.07.37.58.45.67.76.95.06.7


3.32.93.07.63.74.11.61.74.1Finance and insurancenananananananananaCommunication services3.85.13.3–1.35.96.33.70.74.2Transport and storage4.13.67.34.73.64.70.14.82.6


4.23.33.01.09.82.15.0–1.4–0.8Retail trade3.24.8–1.9–4.74.95.7–0.3–2.20.2Wholesale trade4.26.51.52.81.49.80.64.45.9Construction0.72.20.8–2.5–0.31.24.22.66.6Manufacturing




services


services


services

17.93.30.8*3.110.7*2.40.90.31.8Education97.448.4*18.68.1**22.325.922.65.516.3


22.44.512.41.93.5**2.5*2.00.51.4Finance and insurance2.01.2—0.20.50.70.50.11.8Communication services




20 0 0 – 0 1 ( ' 0 0 0 )

200

or


Own

account


All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP



div i s ion (b) —Western Aust ra l i a co n t i n u e d4.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.


2.62.5–3.119.03.53.80.92.9

Average annual rate ofchange, 1983–84 to2000–01 (%)

24.723.70.10.10.94.45.613.72000–01 ('000)23.622.60.10.10.84.16.612.01999–2000 ('000)23.122.10.10.10.93.66.711.81998–99 ('000)24.623.50.10.11.03.57.212.81997–98 ('000)16.115.50.1—0.52.34.88.41983–84 ('000)

200

or

more100–19920–995–191–4

All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , Tasman ia4.12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units. (b) Includes working proprietors and partners of unincorporatedemploying and non-employing businesses; working directors ofincorporated businesses are classified as employees.

1.62.2–0.54.02.43.4–1.2–0.52.8


118.948.726.911.332.139.19.66.716.52000–01 ('000)119.050.724.114.729.437.313.46.914.61999–2000 ('000)115.445.029.88.332.331.513.57.814.41998–99 ('000)117.745.126.19.536.930.814.38.115.71997–98 ('000)

90.433.829.25.821.622.011.87.310.41983–84 ('000)

200

or


Own

account

workers

All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

PERSONSWORKING IN OWNBUSINESS(b)

PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR (a) , Tasman ia4.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .





7.97.9——6.9–2.3——


9.89.1——0.61.73.14.32000–01 ('000)9.59.1——0.42.03.04.11999–2000 ('000)9.08.5——0.41.72.64.21998–99 ('000)7.97.4——0.41.62.43.51997–98 ('000)2.72.5——0.22.5——1983–84 ('000)

200

or

more100–19920–995–191–4

All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , Nor thern Ter r i to r y4.14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Includes working proprietors and partners of unincorporated



4.53.51.3—6.01.2—0.52.7


56.621.78.35.121.414.96.82.05.12000–01 ('000)54.326.08.15.314.919.07.02.35.01999–2000 ('000)49.421.07.25.715.515.25.82.54.91998–99 ('000)48.119.47.66.214.814.64.82.74.21997–98 ('000)26.812.16.7—8.012.1—1.83.21983–84 ('000)

200

or


Own

account

workers

All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP


PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR (a) , Nor the rn Ter r i to r y4.15 . . . . . . . . . .





3.93.9——3.72.45.53.2


20.720.0—0.10.62.98.09.12000–01 ('000)18.618.0—0.10.52.77.77.61999–2000 ('000)16.716.2—0.10.52.56.27.51998–99 ('000)16.616.1——0.42.35.58.31997–98 ('000)10.810.5——0.32.03.25.31983–84 ('000)

200

or

more100–19920–995–191–4

All

businesses

Total

small

business

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP

Non-

employing

businesses

PRIVATE SECTOR BUSINESSES (a) , Aus t ra l ian Cap i ta l Ter r i to r y4.16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)(a) See Chapter 1—Statistical units.(b) Includes working proprietors and partners of unincorporated



3.83.02.6—3.72.73.50.14.1


85.538.916.410.419.824.814.13.510.52000–01 ('000)83.140.315.58.918.422.717.63.89.11999–2000 ('000)78.336.214.98.418.821.714.44.09.01998–99 ('000)69.133.113.76.615.620.412.74.210.01997–98 ('000)45.023.710.6—10.715.87.93.45.31983–84 ('000)

200

or


Own

account

workers

All private

sector

employees

Small

business

private

sector

employees

EMPLOYER SIZE GROUP


PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR (a) , Aus t ra l ian Cap i ta l Ter r i to r y4.17 . .



CHAP T E R 5 NO N - E M P L O Y I N G BU S I N E S S E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table 5.1 shows that in June 2001, the Characteristics of Small Business Survey identified

782,900 operators of non-employing businesses, which represented an average annual

growth of 16% from the 623,400 operators in November 1999. The number of home

based small business operators increased from 487,100 in November 1999 to 644,300 in

June 2001 an average annual increase of 19%. At June 2001, they accounted for 82% of all

non-employing business operators.


BU S I N E S S OP E R A T O R S

This chapter presents data on non-employing businesses from the Characteristics of

Small Business Survey which was conducted in June 2001 as a supplementary topic in

the monthly Labour Force Survey (LFS). The collection was a survey of households and

addressed a number of aspects of the operations of small business as well as identifying

the characteristics of small business operators. The survey covered all private sector,

non-agricultural small businesses. Similar surveys were conducted in February 1995,

February 1997 and November 1999.

The survey identified those persons who consider the operation of their own

(non-agricultural) business as either their main job or second job. Businesses which

were not considered part of the owners' main or second job were excluded from the

survey.

Where possible, results from both the November 1999 and June 2001 surveys are

presented. Due to the elapsed time between these two surveys (19 months) and because

the snap-shots were taken at different times of the year (June compared to November),

the change in statistics may be difficult to interpret. To assist in this interpretation,

average annual change statistics are presented where appropriate.

Estimates of non-employing businesses presented in this chapter will differ to estimates

of non-employing businesses shown in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. The data on non-employing

business shown in this chapter are derived from the number of small business operators

of non-employing businesses as collected in the Characteristics of Small Business Survey,

June 2001. The estimates of non-employing businesses shown in Chapters 2, 3 and 4 are

derived from annual averages of 'own account workers' from the mid-month of each

quarter, obtained from the LFS. The Technical Notes provide more detail on the

estimates derived in Chapters 2, 3 and 4.

Users should also take care in comparing results from the June 2001 survey with

previous Characteristics of Small Business Surveys, as ABS statistical series are being

affected to varying degrees by The New Tax System (TNTS) introduced in Australia from

1 July 2000. It is likely that TNTS may have impacted on the number of small businesses

reported for the June 2001 collection, as business operators previously not registered

with the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) as a business complied with the new

regulations.



Table 5.2 shows that between November 1999 and June 2001 there has been an 18%

average annual growth in the number of non-employing businesses, from 490,300 to

637,300. Home based small businesses account for 84% of non-employing businesses in

June 2001.

In June 2001, 59% of these businesses had predominantly male operators and 23%

predominantly female operators, the remaining 19% of businesses had an equal number

of male and female operators. By comparison, in November 1999, 56% of businesses had

predominantly male operators and 23% had predominantly female operators.

In June 2001, there were more non-employing small businesses with a computer than

without, with 56% of these businesses having a computer compared to only 47% in

November 1999. Internet usage has also increased, with 43% of non-employing

businesses having a computer and access to the Internet compared to only 27% in

November 1999. The most common major use of the Internet is email with 35% of

non-employing businesses, or 81% of those with Internet access, using the Internet for

this purpose. However, there was a significant increase in the number of businesses

using the Internet for research and making and receiving payments.

In terms of the operator's state of usual residence, 75% of all non-employing businesses

are in New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. However, Western Australia and South

Australia both recorded strong average annual growth of 23% and 22% respectively.


BU S I N E S S E S

At June 2001, the majority (57%) of non-employing business operators were aged 30 to

50, slightly less than the 58% of operators the same age category in November 1999. The

proportion of operators aged less than 30 has increased from 12% in November 1999 to

14% in June 2001, an absolute increase of 29,000 operators.

In June 2001, 18% of operators worked more than 50 hours per week and 36% worked

less than 35 hours per week, with the remaining 47% working 35 to 50 hours per week.

These proportions were similar in November 1999.


BU S I N E S S OP E R A T O R S

continued


CH A P T E R 5 • N O N - E M P L O Y I N G B U S I N E S S E S

na not availableSource: ABS data available on request, Characteristics of small business survey.

39.81.512.01.17.1Australian Capitial

Territory

–5.20.54.00.74.3Northern Territory16.52.216.92.113.2Tasmania19.612.598.011.973.9Western Australia17.68.465.68.150.7South Australia20.522.5175.821.0130.9Queensland

7.823.0179.725.6159.7Victoria15.529.5230.829.5183.6New South Wales

State

66.10.96.70.53.0Three or more businesses0.63.628.34.528.0Two businesses

15.995.5747.995.0592.4One business

Number of businessesoperated

11.327.2213.328.9180.0Born Overseas17.172.8569.671.1443.4Born in Australia

Australian born and overseasborn operators

8.52.217.22.415.1More than 75 hours

worked

11.615.5121.416.3101.951–75 hours worked17.946.6364.845.1281.135–50 hours worked13.211.993.112.376.521–34 hours worked17.511.186.810.867.211–20 hours worked13.412.799.613.181.61–10 hours worked

Hours worked by operators

12.942.1329.443.6271.8Without non-school

qualifications

na41.4324.5nanaCertificatena16.5128.9nana

Advanced diploma orabove

With non-schoolqualifications

Level of education

15.829.3229.029.1181.7Aged greater than 5013.957.1447.458.4364.2Aged 30–5022.313.6106.512.477.5Aged less than 30

Age of operators19.382.3644.378.1487.1

Home based businessoperators

15.5100.0782.9100.0623.4Total non-employing

operators

%%'000%'000

Proportion

of

operators

Number

of

operators

Proportion

of

operators

Number

of

operators

Average

annual

rate of

change

JUNE 2001NOVEMBER 1999

PRIVATE SECTOR NON-EMPLOY ING SMALL BUSINESS OPERATORS5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



(a) See the introduction to this chapter for information on the differing estimates of the number of smallbusinesses in the publication.

Source: ABS data available on request, Characteristics of small business survey.

46.61.710.61.25.8Australian Capitial

Territory

–3.30.53.20.73.4Northern Territory15.02.113.62.210.9Tasmania22.612.378.111.556.6Western Australia22.28.453.68.039.0South Australia23.621.9139.820.499.9Queensland

8.723.0146.326.1128.2Victoria18.730.2192.229.9146.5New South Wales

State

138.832.9209.710.852.8Other105.412.076.35.024.4

Making or receivingpayments

72.933.6214.418.490.1Research61.634.7221.221.1103.4Email57.042.6271.527.1132.9

Has computer andaccess to theInternet

Internet use

6.044.4282.952.6258.1Does not have a

computer

30.655.6354.447.4232.3Has a computerUse of computers

7.625.5162.329.5144.610 or more years2.617.3110.421.6106.0

5 to less than 10years

22.738.9248.236.6179.51 to less than 5 years51.518.3116.512.360.3Less than 1 year

Age of business

–9.00.85.31.26.13 or more operators7.220.8132.724.2118.92 operators

21.878.4499.474.5365.31 operatorNumber of operators

8.218.8120.121.6106.0Equal male and

female

5.222.5143.722.6110.6Predominantly female21.758.6373.555.8273.7Predominantly male

Gender predominace21.584.0535.680.3393.6Home based businesses18.0100.0637.3100.0490.3

Total non-employingbusinesses

%%'000%'000

Proportion

of

businesses

Number of

businesses(a)

Proportion

of

businesses

Number of

businesses(a)

Average

annual

rate of

change

JUNE 2001NOVEMBER 1999

PRIVATE SECTOR NON-EMPLOY ING SMALL BUSINESSES5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



CHAP T E R 6 IN D U S T R Y CH A R A C T E R I S T I C S AN D BU S I N E S SBA N K R U P T C I E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table 6.1 shows that in 1999–2000 small non-farm businesses accounted for:

� 95% of employing non-farm businesses;

� 39% of persons employed in those businesses;

� 28% of wages and salaries;

� 30% of industry value added;

� 28% of operating profit before tax; and

� 28% of turnover.

Note that if the additional small businesses not included in the scope of this survey,

(mainly the non-employing businesses), had been included, these proportions would

have been only marginally higher. Chapter 5 provides a more detailed analysis of

non-employing businesses.

The signif icance of small

business

Not all small businesses operating in Australia were included in the EAS. The scope for

the 1999–2000 EAS comprised of all management units in the Australian economy except

for:

� agricultural businesses with an estimated value of agricultural operations less than

$22,500;

� non-employing businesses in all other industries i.e. businesses which have not

registered as group employers with the ATO; and

� businesses classified to the General government sector (note that

government-owned Public Trading Enterprises were included).

These differences in scope, together with other methodological differences, mean that

the EAS estimates of numbers of small and total businesses operating during the year

differ from those presented in the earlier chapters. While Agricultural businesses

(other than the very small businesses mentioned above) are included in the EAS, they

are excluded from the tables in this chapter. For performance and structural details of

Agricultural businesses refer to Chapter 7.

Scope of EAS

Table 6.1 presents selected results from the 1999–2000 Economic Activity Survey (EAS).

Data are provided for small business (those businesses with 1–19 employees) and total

all businesses (see survey scope details given below). Users should refer to the Glossary

for an explanation of the terms used in this section.

BU S I N E S S OP E R A T I O N S

BY S I Z E AN D IN D U S T R Y

This chapter presents a range of economy wide statistics covering a number of different

areas relating to business activity and performance across the different industries and

business size categories.



Table 6.3 shows the distribution of business bankruptcies by state and territory.

Generally, the proportion of bankruptcies occurring in each state has remained fairly

constant. Proportionally, the New South Wales share of total business bankruptcies has

fallen from 33% in 1998–99 to 30% in 2000–01. On the other hand Western Australia ,

Victoria and Northern Territory have all increased their share of the total by

approximately 1% from 1998–99 to 2000–01.

In relation to the total small business population, in 2000-01, Victoria had the lowest

bankruptcy rate than the other states, accounting for only 19% of the total with

Queensland on the other hand, accounting for 29% of total business bankruptcies.

Number of bankruptc ies

by state and terr i tory

Table 6.2 shows that over the years the number of business bankruptcies has been

fluctuating. After a period from 1992–93 to 1994–95 where steady falls in the number of

business bankruptcies were recorded, they increased to a peak at 5,905 in 1998–99

before dropping dramatically (34%) in 1999–2000 to 3,899 and increasing again in

2000–01 by 14% to 4,440.

Analys is of data

The statistics presented in tables 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 are drawn from the Annual Report by

the Inspector-General in Bankruptcy on the Operation of the Bankruptcy Act, 1966.

While there are no official statistics available on actual failures in small business,

bankruptcy statistics, especially in the area of ‘business’ bankruptcies, provide a useful

indicator of the extent to which small businesses are failing.

Bankruptcy statistics can be classified as ‘business’ bankruptcies, when the bankruptcy

involves an employer or self-employed person, or as ‘non-business’ bankruptcies, when

an employee or a person is not gainfully employed. However, the limitation to this is that

a bankruptcy is categorised as ‘business’ if the individual concerned indicates any

business involvement in the five years preceding bankruptcy, even though the cause of

bankruptcy may bear no relation to that business.

Bankruptcy data does not cover the entire range of business failures as some failures

result in the forced sale or closure of a business without bankruptcy proceedings. Other

limitations on the use of bankruptcy statistics as an indicator of small business failure are

as follows:

� they relate to individuals only and several bankruptcies may result from a single

business failure;

� a small number of business bankruptcies relate to larger businesses; and

� business bankruptcies tend to take longer to process than non-business

bankruptcies and the figures appearing in the official statistics for a year could relate

to business failures going back as far as three years.

BU S I N E S S BA N K R U P T C I E S

Looking at the different measures across industries, small business was most significant

in the Construction industry in terms of most of the measures available. In the

Construction industry, small business accounted for 98% of businesses, 60% of

employment, and 49% of turnover. Other industries where small business were

particularly significant were Personal and other services (where small business accounted

for 97% of businesses, 58% of employment and 48% of turnover), Property and business

services (95% small businesses, 44% of employment and 40% of turnover) and Retail

trade (96% small businesses, 40% employment and 38% of turnover).

The signif icance of small

business continued


CH A P T E R 6 • I N D U S T R Y CH A R A C T E R I S T I C S A N D B U S I N E S S B A N K R U P T C I E S

The major causes of business bankruptcies are summarised in table 6.4. It is important to

note that causes are self-attributed and are subsequently classified and categorised

provided by the bankrupts themselves.

In 2000–01, economic conditions (34%) was the most common major cause given for

business bankruptcy. Other significant causes in recent years include personal reasons

(17%), lack of sufficient working capital (13%) and lack of business ability (10%).

Major causes of

bankruptcy

During the three year period 1998–99 to 2000–01, all states except the Northern

Territory experienced a considerable decrease in the number of business bankruptcies.

The largest decreases occurred in Tasmania (41%), the Australian Capital Territory (34%)

and New South Wales (30%). However, in the 12 months to June 2001, all states except

the Australian Capital Territory recorded an increase in the number of business

bankruptcies. The Northern Territory recorded an increase of 67%, rising from 30 in

1999–2000 to 50 in 2000–01. Over the same period South Australia recorded a 39% rise,

and New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland recorded increases of 18.4%, 17.5% and

10.1% respectively.

Number of bankruptc ies

by state and terr i tory

continued



(a) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New ZealandStandard Industrial Classification, 1993 (cat. no. 1292.0).

(b) Includes the Mining and Electricity, gas and water supplyindustries. Excludes agricultural businesses.


196 9952754 0166 208362 22594Total(b)

4 560462 0922045811897Personal and other services3 74822828180315691


18 070325 7786893524391Private community services33 0683812 6949984443895Property and business services16 430121 971309185694Finance and insurance13 478202 697327309894Transport and storage

7 554322 4134233615484Accommodation, cafes and

restaurants

18 835407 5921 0614042496Retail trade16 935355 9754664119392Wholesale trade12 889455 7423596021598Construction37 863145 3879572221286Manufacturing

5 4869520657481Mining

$m%$m'000%'000%

Wages

and

salaries

of all

business

Wages

and

salaries

of small

business

Wages

and

salaries

of small

business

All business

employment

Small

business

employment

Small

business

employment

WAGES AND SALARIESEMPLOYMENT

Small

businesses

as a

proportion

of all

business

BUSINESS OPERAT IONS, By indust r y div i s ion(a) : Aust ra l i a —1999-20006.1 . . . . . . . .



(a) Industry division as defined in the Australian andNew Zealand Standard Industrial Classification,1993 (cat. no. 1292.0).

(b) Includes the Mining and Electricity, gas and watersupply industries. Excludes agricultural businesses.

Source: ABS data available on request, Survey ofEmployment and Earnings; Labour Force Survey.

112 0292528 212346 3022896 115Total(b)

1 333658665 965492 938Personal and other services2 770112939 549141 324


3 429742 52822 111439 506Private community services12 368374 57351 6284120 992Property and business services32 287165 1297 055433 002Finance and insurance

3 4461862323 732204 641Transport and storage1 5386397213 443385 093


6 584503 28830 6294313 116Retail trade8 906342 98431 6593511 052Wholesale trade4 508612 75721 8085211 266Construction

15 779193 01871 3101410 227Manufacturing7 5251398523 85992 236Mining

$m%$m$m%$m

OPBT for

all

business

OPBT

for small

business

OPBT

for small

business

IVA for

all

business

IVA for

small

business

IVA for

small

business

OPERATING PROFIT BEFORE TAXINDUSTRY VALUE ADDED

BUSINESS OPERAT IONS, By indust r y div i s ion(a) : Aust ra l i a —1999-2000 co n t i n u e d6.1



(a) Industry division as defined in the Australian and New Zealand StandardIndustrial Classification, 1993 (cat. no. 1292.0).

(b) Includes the Mining and Electricity, gas and water supply industries.Excludes agricultural businesses.

Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Employment and Earnings;Labour Force Survey.

1 128 83127300 147Total(b)

12 308485 953Personal and other services19 944163 248


34 0584314 615Private community services98 8244039 257Property and business services39 545228 554Finance and insurance60 8352414 372Transport and storage31 7193410 909


176 8263866 919Retail trade214 8022961 877Wholesale trade

83 0774940 516Construction241 8211228 165Manufacturing

43 66083 597Mining

$m%$m

Turnover

for all

business

Turnover

for small

business

Turnover

for small

business

TURNOVER

BUSINESS OPERAT IONS, By indust r y div i s ion(a) : Aust ra l i a —1999-2000 co n t i n u e d6.1

Source: 2000–01 Annual Report by theAttorney-General on the operation of theBankruptcy Act, 1966.

144 4402000–01–343 8991999–2000225 9051998–99–64 8541997–9895 1911996–97

194 7731995–96–83 9981994–95

–104 3351993–94–114 7981992–93285 3871991–92434 2031990–91302 9471989–90–92 2591988–89. .2 4771983–84

Percent change

on previous

year

Number of

business

bankruptcies

BUSINESS BANKRUPTCIES, Aust ra l i a6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



na not available(a) 1983–84 estimate includes the Australian Capital Territory.Source: 2000–01 Annual Report by the Attorney-General on the operation of the

Bankruptcy Act, 1966.

4 4403 8995 9052 477Australia

113144172naAustralian Capital Territory5030331Northern Territory

1019817086Tasmania412399492431Western Australia304218397293South Australia

1 2841 1661 678564Queensland8387141 071495Victoria

1 3381 1301 922577New South Wales(a)

no.no.no.no.

2000–011999–20001998–991983–84

BUSINESS BANKRUPTCIES, By state and ter r i to r y6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

na not availableSource: 2000–01 Annual Report by the Attorney-General on the operation of the

Banktuptcy Act, 1966.

5.37.545.58.4Other reasons or not

stated

17.010.3na6.1Personal reasons3.82.31.80.5Gambling or speculation4.65.73.84.4Excessive drawings4.34.53.53.0Inability to collect debts4.99.06.84.4Excessive interest1.65.01.92.6Seasonal conditions

33.816.714.723.6Economic conditions2.23.12.11.0

Failure to keep properbooks

9.620.412.232.9Lack of business ability13.015.69.713.2Lack of capital

%%%%Majo r cause at t r i b u t ed

2000–011999–20001998–991983–84

CAUSES OF BUSINESS BANKRUPTCIES, Aust ra l i a6.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



CHAP T E R 7 SM A L L BU S I N E S S IN TH E GO O D S PR O D U C I N GIN D U S T R I E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The data in this chapter have been derived from the 1999–2000 Agricultural Finance

Survey (AFS). This survey includes all businesses classified within Agriculture

(Subdivision 01 of ANZSIC). Data for subdivisions 02, 03 and 04 which make up the

remainder of the Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing division (Division A of ANZSIC) are

excluded.

The structure and characteristics of agricultural businesses can be quite different to

those in other industries. Agricultural businesses tend to:

� be dominated by owner operated family businesses;

� engage few regular employees; and

� show greater income volatility over time than businesses in other industries.

TH E AG R I C U L T U R E

IN D U S T R Y

This chapter provides detailed information on the structure and performance of

businesses in a number of key industries. Included are:

� Detailed profile of the Agriculture industries for 1999–2000;

� Detailed profile of the Mining industries for 1998–99 and 1999–2000; and

� Detailed profile of the Manufacturing industries for 1999–2000.

Statistical information presented in these industry profiles has been drawn from the

Australian Bureau of Statistics program of economic surveys. The data are the latest

available at the time of preparation. Refer to Appendix 1, (Directory of Small Business

Statistics), of this publication for contact details to obtain information on any more

recent releases or more detailed statistics that might be available for particular industries.

Information presented in this chapter was collected using a common framework of

reporting units, common data concepts and a common standard industrial classification,

the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 1993

(cat. no. 1292.0).

Care should be taken when comparing data in this chapter with data in previous

chapters. The statistical unit used to collect information presented in this chapter was

the management unit, whereas the employer unit was the statistical unit used to collect

information presented in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. Refer to the Glossary for an explanation of

these terms. In addition, some statistics in this chapter include public trading

enterprises. Employer size refers to total employment, i.e. includes working proprietors

and partners as well as employees. In Chapters 2, 3 and 4 employer size groups are

based on the number of employees in each business.

Statistics relating to non-employing businesses are excluded from tables presented in

this chapter except for those covering the Agriculture industries.



TH E S I G N I F I C A N C E OF SM A L L BU S I N E S S

In 1999–2000, of the estimated 105,500 businesses in the Agriculture industries, 86%

were classified as small businesses. These small businesses accounted for 52% of total

turnover and 39% of total wages, salaries and supplements.

In terms of number of businesses, most Agriculture industries were dominated by small

businesses. In the Fruit growing, Sheep-beef cattle farming, Sheep farming, Beef cattle

farming and Dairy cattle farming industries, over 90% were small businesses. By contrast,

the Cotton growing industry was dominated by larger business with only 17% of

businesses in the small business sector.

In terms of their relative share of turnover, it was the Sheep-beef cattle farming industry

where small businesses had the highest contribution with 78% of the total turnover,

followed by Sheep farming industry (77%) and Dairy cattle farming industry (75%). At

the other end of the scale, small Cotton growing businesses accounted for only 8% of the

total Cotton growing industry turnover.

Overall, the Grain-sheep and grain-beef cattle farming industry was the largest in terms

Main findings of the

1999–2000 AFS

The scope of the AFS consists of all businesses where the principal activity of the

businesses is classified to ANZSIC Subdivision 01 ‘Agriculture’ and which have an EVAO

of $22,500 or more. Businesses with an EVAO of less than $22,500 are excluded as they

do not contribute significantly to the aggregates.

Table 7.1 presents results from the 1999–2000 AFS collection classified by ANZSIC

Industry Class within Subdivision 01. It should be noted that ANZSIC Subdivision 01

includes a number of overlapping industry classes, for example, Grain-sheep and

grain-beef cattle farming and Sheep-beef cattle farming. Overlapping classes are

employed where combinations of particular activities are commonly engaged in by

businesses, although either (or both) of the activities concerned is also commonly

undertaken as a relatively specialised activity by other businesses. For example, there are

considerable numbers of relatively specialised sheep farming businesses as well as

specialised Grain growing businesses. There are, however, other businesses where

Sheep farming and Grain growing or Beef cattle farming and Grain growing account for a

considerable proportion of the activities of the business. To meet this situation, an

overlapping industry class (Grain-sheep and grain-beef cattle farming) has been created.

The financial details collected in the AFS relate to both the agricultural, and where

applicable, the non-agricultural activities of the selected farm businesses.

Agricultural Finance

Survey

For statistical purposes, small businesses in other industries have been defined in terms

of employer size. However, because the Agriculture industry has a high number of

itinerant or seasonal workers, employment numbers may not give a true indication of

the size of an agricultural business. In this publication, small agricultural businesses are

defined as those with an Estimated Value of Agricultural Operations (EVAO) of more

than $22,500 but less than $400,000. EVAO places a value on the operations of an

agricultural business by taking into account (without double counting) the area of crops

sown, crops produced, the number of livestock on holdings at a point in time, and

livestock turn-off during the year.

Defini t ion of small

agricultural businesses


CH A P T E R 7 • SM A L L B U S I N E S S I N T H E GO O D S P R O D U C I N G I N D U S T R I E S

TO T A L M I N I N G

At 30 June 2000, there were 1,259 employing businesses operating in Mining industries

in Australia. Employment as at 30 June 2000 was just over 64,000 people and sales of

goods and services totalled $42b during 1999–2000. At the end of June 2000, there were

942 small mining businesses (75% of all businesses). These small businesses contributed

$5.1b (12.1%) towards total sales of goods and services and had employment of 3,908

people which represented 6% of total employment for the mining industries.

Main findings

The data for this section presented in tables 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6 are derived from the

ABS Mining collections of 1998–99 and 1999–2000. The information is presented under

three separate industry groupings :

� Coal mining, Oil and gas extraction and Metal ore mining, ANZSIC Subdivisions 11,

12 and 13;

� Mining of construction materials and non-metallic minerals, ANZSIC Subdivision 14;

and

� Services to mining, ANZSIC Subdivision 15.

TH E M I N I N G IN D U S T R Y

One way to determine the profitability of a business is to establish what proportion of

turnover is cash operating surplus, or operating profit. The higher the proportion, the

greater the profitability of the business. In table 7.2 profitability measures are presented

for each Agricultural industry. Cash operating surplus has been used rather than net

operating surplus in the calculation of these ratios. Cash operating surplus is not a true

measure of the surplus available for profit since depreciation and income tax have not

been deducted.

In interpreting these statistics it should be noted that working proprietors and partners

of unincorporated businesses (sole proprietorships, partnerships and trusts) are not

treated as receiving wages and salaries in the same way as employees and, therefore, the

profitability ratios shown for small businesses will be inflated.

Small agricultural businesses in general appear to be more profitable than their larger

counterparts. However, if we were to impute an average wage to the working proprietors

and partners of unincorporated businesses, the profitability ratios for small businesses

would be reduced.

On an industry by industry comparison, small businesses in the Dairy cattle farming

industry and Beef cattle farming industry with a cash operating surplus at 24% of

turnover were the most profitable in 1999–2000. At the other end of the scale, small

businesses classified to Poultry farming (eggs) (8% of turnover) and

Sheep-beef cattle farming (12%) were the least profitable.

Industry prof i tabi l i ty

TH E S I G N I F I C A N C E OF SM A L L BU S I N E S S continued

of number of businesses (18,167) with turnover of $4.3b. Of these businesses 15,333

(84%) were small farms which generated $2.5b in turnover, 58% of the total turnover for

the industry.

Main findings of the

1999–2000 AFS continued



In terms of numbers of businesses, Manufacturing is dominated by small businesses with

85% of the estimated 45,900 businesses in Australia being classified as small. However, in

terms of output, small business is less dominant contributing 12% to total manufacturing

turnover and 17% to total industry value added.

Manufacturing is a significant employer in Australia with just under 1 million people

employed at June 2000, representing about 14% of total non-agricultural private sector

employment. About 211,300 (22%) were employed in small manufacturing businesses.

Table 7.7 shows information for manufacturing subdivisions. Small businesses in the

Textile, clothing, footwear and leather and Other manufacturing subdivisions made up

90% of total businesses within these subdivisions. However, the Other manufacturing

subdivision was the most dominant in terms of small business contribution to turnover

with 39% generated by small businesses. Among the more significant subdivisions,

Textile, clothing, footwear and leather small businesses recorded the highest proportion

of turnover with 21% of the total for that subdivision. The lowest proportion was

recorded in the Food, beverage and tobacco subdivision with 5% of total turnover

Main findings

Manufacturing information presented in table 7.7 is drawn from the 1999–2000 Survey of

Manufacturing. Small businesses are defined as businesses employing less than 20

people, which is in line with the definition of small business used for other

non-agricultural private sector businesses. It should be noted that non-employing

businesses are excluded from these tables.

TH E MA N U F A C T U R I N G

IN D U S T R Y

CO A L M I N I N G , O I L AN D GA S EX T R A C T I O N AN D ME T A L OR E M I N I N G

In these subdivisions there were 347 businesses operating at 30 June 2000, employing

almost 47,000 people. During 1999–2000, these businesses generated $36.7b in sales of

goods and services and recorded an industry gross product of $21.5b. There were 157

small businesses operating in this industry employing 567 people. These small

businesses generated $3.8b in sales of goods and services, (10% of the total sales of

goods and services of this industry).

MI N I N G OF CO N S T R U C T I O N MA T E R I A L S AN D NO N – M E T A L L I C M I N E R A L S

The mining of construction materials and non–metallic minerals industries comprised

457 businesses employing over 6,600 people at 30 June 2000. During 1999–2000 these

businesses recorded sales of goods and services of $2.4b. Most of the businesses (89%)

in these industries were small businesses. However these small businesses accounted for

32% (2,111 people) of employment and 19% ($457m) of the sale of goods and services of

the mining industries.

SE R V I C E S TO M I N I N G

There were 455 businesses operating in the Services to Mining subdivision at June 2000.

Most (378 or 83%) were small businesses which had employment of 1,231 (12% of

industry employment). Note that this subdivision includes mining exploration and many

of these businesses record few sales but incur substantial expenses, which can result in

low operating profit before tax for the year.

Main findings continued



accounted for by small business and in Petroleum, coal, chemical and associated product

manufacturing (7%).

In terms of employment, the Machinery and equipment manufacturing subdivision was

the largest with 201,100 people (21% of total Manufacturing employment), of these

41,000 (20%) were employed in small businesses.

Main findings continued



(a) Excludes farm businesses with EVAO less than $22,500.(b) Because of the totals being independently derived, sub-totals may not necessarily add to totals.Source: ABS data available on request, Agricultural Finance Survey, 1999–2000 (cat. no. 7508.0).

11 069.3315.5121.3868.81 722.011 477Total(b)

2 069.656.744.3188.7392.5578$400,000 or more

8 999.7258.877.1680.11 329.510 899Total small business

2 227.152.326.7195.7356.41 313$200,000–399,9996 772.6206.550.3484.4973.19 585$22,500–199,999

0124 Sheep farming

11 444.2290.1108.4810.31 434.67 462Total(b)

2 179.037.444.4169.9316.2404$400,000 or more


2 433.938.027.9217.8375.71 146$200,000–399,9996 831.3214.636.0422.6742.75 912$22,500–199,999

0123 Sheep-beef cattlefarming

21 584.8722.8201.61 737.14 277.018 167Total(b)

7 812.3280.896.6717.41 806.72 833$400,000 or more

13 772.5442.1105.01 019.72 470.415 333Total small business

5 151.5186.152.8421.91 094.43 929$200,000–399,9998 620.9256.052.2597.71 376.011 404$22,500–199,999

0122 Grain-sheep andgrain-beef cattlefarming

17 048.7754.1217.91 603.74 282.913 781Total(b)

7 897.3364.6149.8881.82 524.24 061$400,000 or more


5 678.1225.752.2439.41 125.54 191$200,000–399,9993 473.3163.816.0282.5633.25 529$22,500–199,999

0121 Grain growing

8 121.4528.4522.51 399.12 520.010 509Total(b)

2 536.5141.9255.3525.1966.4981$400,000 or more


1 464.7228.5117.4399.7662.71 425$200,000–399,9994 120.2158.0149.9474.3890.98 103$22,500–199,999

0114–0119 Fruit growing

3 370.5252.8367.6756.01 837.83 829Total(b)

2 076.4202.7247.5538.51 357.31 305$400,000 or more

1 294.050.1120.1217.5480.52 524Total small business

367.330.018.762.6125.1429$200,000–399,999926.720.1101.4154.8355.52 095$22,500–199,999

0113 Vegetable growing

$m$m$m$m$mno.

ANZS IC code and EVAO

si ze

Net worth

Cash

operating

surplus

Wages, salaries

&

supplementaries

Value

addedTurnover

Number of

farm

businesses

AGRICULTURAL BUSINESSES (a) , Summary of opera t ions —1999–20007.1 . . . . . . . . . .



— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)(a) Excludes farm businesses with EVAO less than $22,500.(b) Because of the totals being independently derived, sub-totals may

not necessarily add to totals.

Source: ABS data available on request, Agricultural Finance Survey,1999–2000 (cat. no. 7508.0).

3 725.9276.2147.9650.81 766.11 061Total(b)

3 425.9207.0142.3564.01 628.0885$400,000 or more

300.069.15.686.8138.1177Total small business

226.266.95.683.3131.2132$200,000–399,99973.82.2—3.56.945$22,500–199,999

0162 Cotton growing

5 957.0203.9108.5474.21 104.74 816Total(b)

2 025.994.049.1204.0435.0790$400,000 or more


1 708.048.022.1110.2276.71 147$200,000–399,9992 223.161.937.2160.1393.02 878$22,500–199,999

0161 Sugar cane farming

1 051.2105.284.2250.0759.1971Total(b)

711.085.278.0199.8631.5311$400,000 or more


229.114.54.735.191.1284$200,000–399,999111.15.61.515.136.6377$22,500–199,999

0151 Pig farming

476.660.045.9133.3370.0368Total(b)

181.020.335.374.7271.0148$400,000 or more


137.234.69.649.373.194$200,000–399,999158.45.01.09.326.0125$22,500–199,999

0142 Poultry farming(eggs)

13 466.6925.5120.31 358.93 278.713 119Total(b)

2 321.3195.657.5329.5824.01 183$400,000 or more


5 331.8405.847.2643.51 372.54 372$200,000–399,9995 813.5324.115.6385.91 082.17 564$22,500–199,999

0130 Dairy cattle farming

21 306.0764.1235.71 622.43 285.114 238Total(b)

5 447.2352.5114.9607.91 502.5818$400,000 or more


3 382.6129.030.6297.3544.01 229$200,000–399,99912 476.2282.690.1717.31 238.612 191$22,500–199,999

0125 Beef cattle farming

$m$m$m$m$mno.


si ze

Net worth

Cash

operating

surplus

Wages, salaries

&

supplementaries

Value

addedTurnover

Number of

farm

businesses

AGRICULTURAL BUSINESSES (a) , Summary of opera t ions —1999–2000 continued7.1 . . . .



(a) Excludes farm businesses with EVAO less than $22,500.(b) Because of the totals being independently derived, sub-totals may not necessarily add to totals.Source: ABS data available on request, Agricultural Finance Survey, 1999–2000 (cat. no. 7508.0).

122 538.25 587.22 769.712 817.128 525.5105 529Total(b)

39 990.02 197.91 679.25 686.213 725.315 273$400,000 or more

82 548.13 389.31 090.67 130.914 800.390 256Total small business

28 581.91 517.3421.43 027.76 338.120 109$200,000–399,99953 966.21 872.0669.14 103.28 462.270 147$22,500–199,999

Total Agriculture

3 916.1388.6487.81 152.41 887.55 731Total(b)

1 306.7159.1364.1684.81 070.2974$400,000 or more


244.457.95.872.1109.6418$200,000–399,9992 365.1171.7117.8395.5707.74 339$22,500–199,999

0111–0112, 0141,0152-159, 0169 Otherag

$m$m$m$m$mno.


si ze

Net worth

Cash

operating

surplus

Wages, salaries

&

supplementaries

Value

addedTurnover

Number of

farm

businesses

AGRICULTURAL BUSINESSES (a) , Summary of opera t ions —1999–2000 continued7.1 . . . .



(a) Excludes farm businesses with EVAO less than $22,500.Source: ABS data available on request, Agricultural Finance Survey, 1999–2000 (cat. no. 7508.0).

270 311.0898 688.4163 981.1315 179.9120 636.101 Total agriculture

329 366.51 098 293.0171 836.3262 477.4163 111.1

0111–0112, 0141,0152–0159, 0169 Otheragriculture

1 664 208.81 840 497.0781 590.0995 594.2153 354.70162 Cotton growing229 388.3550 361.0166 374.7241 190.8136 549.60161 Sugar cane growing781 577.92 033 146.4193 253.0320 613.297 189.20151 Pig farming

1 005 508.21 826 548.3450 971.6774 305.0207 387.50142 Poultry farming (eggs)249 916.0696 394.2205 654.2313 952.1143 062.00130 Dairy cattle farming230 731.01 836 071.8132 834.8442 744.4101 599.80125 Beef cattle farming150 044.2679 350.1121 988.5271 331.3101 524.30124 Sheep farming192 249.4782 764.3158 456.0327 839.7125 623.20123 Sheep-beef cattle farming235 433.5637 654.9161 111.0278 548.8120 652.7

0122 Grain-sheep andgrain-beef cattle farming

310 775.2621 532.2180 936.0268 530.1114 526.80121 Grain growing239 799.3984 875.3163 066.2465 098.0109 950.20114–0119 Fruit growing479 938.91 039 751.6190 391.8291 652.4169 667.10113 Vegetable growing

AV E R A G E TU R N O V E R PE R BU S I N E S S ( $ )

52 945.0143 911.337 552.375 454.026 686.801 Total agriculture

67 818.7163 265.648 264.5138 581.939 570.4


260 231.1234 076.9391 176.6507 461.349 808.80162 Cotton growing42 331.2118 899.527 299.241 794.021 520.90161 Sugar cane growing

108 346.9274 320.030 327.950 964.914 762.00151 Pig farming162 955.7137 084.3180 429.5366 994.639 880.20142 Poultry farming (eggs)

70 544.9165 333.761 148.092 819.242 843.30130 Dairy cattle farming53 670.3430 697.630 678.6105 027.623 185.10125 Beef cattle farming27 490.898 166.523 744.739 825.121 541.20124 Sheep farming38 871.492 687.935 791.633 199.636 294.00123 Sheep-beef cattle farming39 788.099 090.528 830.147 355.922 447.8


54 722.489 787.640 071.753 856.529 620.70121 Grain growing50 278.6144 635.640 561.1160 341.619 496.20114–0119 Fruit growing66 021.6155 272.219 859.370 078.99 581.00113 Vegetable growing

AV E R A G E CA S H OP E R A T I N G SU R P L U S PE R BU S I N E S S ( $ )

$400,000

or more

$200,000–

$399,000

$22,500–

$199,000

All

businesses

Total small

business

EVAO SIZE CATEGORY

AGRICULTURAL BUSINESSES (a) , Selec ted opera t ing measures —1999–20007.2 . . . .



(a) Excludes farm businesses with EVAO less than $22,500.Source: ABS data available on request, Agricultural Finance Survey, 1999–2000 (cat. no. 7508.0).

19.616.022.923.922.101 Total agriculture

20.614.928.152.824.3


15.612.750.051.032.50162 Cotton growing18.521.616.417.315.80161 Sugar cane growing13.913.515.715.915.20151 Pig farming16.27.540.047.419.20142 Poultry farming (eggs)28.223.729.729.629.90130 Dairy cattle farming23.323.523.123.722.80125 Beef cattle farming18.314.519.514.721.20124 Sheep farming20.211.822.610.128.90123 Sheep-beef cattle farming16.915.517.917.018.6


17.614.422.120.125.90121 Grain growing21.014.724.934.517.70114–0119 Fruit growing13.814.910.424.05.60113 Vegetable growing

CA S H OP E R A T I N G SU R P L U S TO TU R N O V E R ( % )

$400,000

or more

$200,000–

$399,000

$22,500–

$199,000

All

businesses

Total small

business

EVAO SIZE CATEGORY

AGRICULTURAL BUSINESSES (a) , Selec ted opera t ing measures —1999–2000

continued7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



(a) Includes working proprietors.(b) Excludes the drawings of working proprietors.(c) Refer to the Glossary.Source: ABS data available on request, Mining Operations Survey, 1998–99 and 1999–2000.

21 453.76 959.536 664.33 886.846 986347Total

1 349.61 085.11 544.520.213547

UJV participantswith 0–19persons(c)

14 271.12 608.627 690.73 572.443 55490100 or more

persons

1 033.1502.71 673.1138.61 7882450–99 persons1 545.5767.01 962.983.59422920–49 persons

3 254.41 996.13 793.272.2567157Total small business

1 022.6503.91 271.340.52741910–19 persons2 231.81 492.22 521.931.72931380–9 persons

19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0

20 948.17 102.836 482.54 050.949 064343Total

1 821.81 501.31 996.111.011357


14 806.93 610.828 327.13 730.345 65694100 or more

persons

426.7–27.31 209.2132.51 9022750–99 persons2 224.51 072.32 503.189.19383020–49 persons

1 668.2945.82 447.088.0455135Total small business

63.82.1215.520.21811310–19 persons1 604.4943.72 231.567.82741220–9 persons

19 9 8 – 9 9

$m$m$m$mno.no.Emp lo ye r s i z e

Industry

gross

product

Operating

profit

before

tax

Sales of

goods

and

services

Wages

and

salaries(b)

Employment

at 30

June(a)

Management

units

operating at

30 June

COAL MINING, OIL AND GAS EXTRACT ION AND METAL ORE MINING7.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)(a) Includes working proprietors.(b) Excludes the drawings of working proprietors.(c) Refer to the Glossary.Source: ABS data available on request, Mining Operations, 1998–99, 1999–2000.

1 239.5499.42 425.6315.46 646457Total

——————


834.9373.81 530.1180.22 99211100 or more

persons

96.734.4190.729.1582850–99 persons104.133.8248.339.69613120–49 persons

203.957.4456.566.52 111407Total small business

87.210.1218.030.51 0157810–19 persons116.747.3238.536.01 0963290–9 persons

19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0

1 164.1442.72 426.8322.86 871411Total

npnpnpnpnpnp


835.5363.41 623.4198.13 49813100 or more

persons

npnpnpnpnpnp50–99 persons85.924.0193.633.08022320–49 persons

150.825.6420.767.32 063365Total small business

57.8–0.4179.531.89457310–19 persons93.026.0241.235.51 1172920–9 persons

19 9 8 – 1 9 9 9


Industry

gross

product

Operating

profit

before

tax

Sales of

goods

and

services

Wages

and

salaries(b)

Employment

at 30

June(a)

Management

units

operating at

30 June

MINING OF CONSTRUCT ION MATERIALS AND NON-METALL IC MINERALS7.4 . . . . . . . . . .



— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)(a) Includes working proprietors.(b) Excludes the drawings of working proprietors.(c) Data not collected in 1998–99.(d) Refer to the Glossary.Source: ABS data available on request, Mining Operations, 1999–2000.

1 248.2–156.02 896.1943.610 422455Total

——————

UJV participantswith 0–19persons(d)

739.616.81 765.2413.16 57121100 or more

persons

68.5–84.6202.990.81 3841950–99 persons40.3–58.2115.755.31 2363720–49 persons

399.7–30.0812.3384.41 231378Total small business

–7.7–69.932.139.55364510–19 persons407.439.9780.2344.96943330–9 persons

19 9 9 – 20 0 0 (c )


Industry

gross

product

Operating

profit

before

tax

Sales of

goods

and

services

Wages

and

salaries(b)

Employment

at 30

June(a)

Management

units

operating at

30 June

SERVICES TO MINING7.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



(a) Includes working proprietors.(b) Excludes the drawings of working proprietors.(c) Does not include services to mining.(d) Refer to the Glossary.Source: ABS data available on request, Mining Operations, 1998–99, 1999–2000.

23 941.47 302.941 986.05 145.864 0531 259Total

1 349.61 085.11 544.520.213547


15 845.62 999.230 986.04 165.753 117122100 or more

persons

1 198.3452.52 066.7258.53 7545150–99 persons1 689.9742.62 326.9178.43 1399720–49 persons

3 858.02 023.55 062.0523.13 908942Total small business

1 102.1444.11 521.4110.51 82514210–19 persons2 755.91 579.43 540.6412.62 0838000–9 persons

19 9 9 – 2 0 0 0

22 112.27 545.538 909.34 373.755 935754Total

1 821.81 501.31 996.111.011357


14 806.93 610.828 327.13 730.345 65694100 or more

persons

426.7–27.31 209.2132.51 9022750–99 persons2 310.41 096.32 696.7122.11 7405320–49 persons

1 819.0971.42 867.7155.32 518500Total small business

121.61.7395.052.01 1268610–19 persons1 697.4969.72 472.7103.31 3924140–9 persons

19 9 8 – 19 9 9 (c )


Industry

gross

product

Operating

profit

before

tax

Sales of

goods

and

services

Wages

and

salaries(b)

Employment

at 30

June(a)

Management

units

operating at

30 June

TOTAL MINING7.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



(a) Only includes data for management units operating at 30 June 2000.Source: ABS data available on request, Manufacturing Survey, 1999–2000.

7 511.62 009.717 377.13 892.1100 5286 008Total

4 264.81 385.29 780.52 039.442 46464200 or more680.2133.51 671.5380.09 53066100–199 persons

1 594.9283.63 524.7918.025 69183220–99 persons

971.6207.32 400.4554.722 8445 046Total small business

681.8144.21 517.3386.613 9661 7555–19 persons289.963.1883.1168.08 8783 2920–4 persons

Printing, publishingand recorded media

5 167.01 288.715 336.72 443.364 4224 372Total

3 115.9852.59 348.01 345.425 56734200 or more366.478.01 076.2167.64 50032100–199 persons887.8135.02 644.2498.915 08142420–99 persons


612.4155.31 681.0346.113 4901 3545–19 persons184.668.0587.485.35 7842 5280–4 persons

Wood and paperproduct

3 008.5395.89 526.41 880.265 6585 024Total

1 172.1138.73 685.1731.821 12443200 or more437.122.71 434.2279.87 32250100–199 persons783.0124.62 425.8487.517 45042420–99 persons


440.872.51 347.6272.211 9121 4985–19 persons175.437.3633.7109.07 8513 0080–4 persons

Textile, clothing,footwear and leather

14 332.63 184.954 048.37 392.2187 2133 141Total

11 220.72 489.241 806.15 710.0130 552166200 or more969.7257.33 908.5530.214 436100100–199 persons

1 600.3368.35 740.9795.825 16561420–99 persons


449.456.62 257.3302.114 4401 3485–19 persons92.613.5335.554.02 6209130–4 persons

Food beverage andtobacco

$m$m$m$mno.no.

Emp lo ymen t s i z e

group

Industry

value

added

Operating

profit

before taxTurnover(a)

Wages

and

salaries

Employment

at end of

June

Management

units at end

of June

MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES, Summary of opera t ions —1999–20007.7 . . . . . . . . . . .




2 183.9351.36 734.01 394.653 8475 275Total

260.220.1874.9166.34 35214200 or more161.510.0626.3112.53 21724100–199 persons817.7162.02 622.1518.317 50448220–99 persons


698.291.02 025.6466.620 8692 0435–19 persons246.368.2585.0131.07 9042 7110–4 persons

Other manufacturing

13 134.41 920.847 219.28 378.5201 1098 975Total

7 970.81 158.331 660.54 982.4102 124149200 or more1 117.9130.53 827.1741.617 783126100–199 persons2 294.4247.36 690.31 596.540 2731 02620–99 persons

1 751.2384.75 041.31 058.040 9297 673Total small business

1 209.8259.23 332.0740.626 2012 8575–19 persons541.3125.41 709.3317.414 7284 8170–4 persons

Machinery andequipment

11 651.22 856.538 960.95 853.0142 1498 128Total

4 040.2–944.721 510.93 101.359 20288200 or more874.1171.73 010.1523.012 70290100–199 persons

1 783.0275.55 864.91 096.630 83589720–99 persons

4 953.83 354.18 575.01 132.139 4107 053Total small business

1 986.7819.44 683.9893.328 7203 1995–19 persons2 967.12 534.73 891.1238.810 6903 8550–4 persons

Metal product

4 050.61 141.911 147.11 780.939 2191 773Total

2 590.0824.46 852.31 062.619 50632200 or more454.7129.61 307.6183.03 91527100–199 persons691.5146.22 078.7343.88 16823120–99 persons

314.441.8908.6191.67 6311 483Total small business

221.025.2651.2134.14 8256305–19 persons93.416.6257.457.52 8068530–4 persons

Non-metallic mineralproduct

9 825.12 545.739 888.54 755.4102 6203 189Total

5 869.41 546.527 113.02 826.251 00998200 or more1 208.7287.64 135.1589.412 69094100–199 persons1 786.4413.85 869.3883.123 34554720–99 persons


662.7119.02 115.2376.912 1821 0985–19 persons297.9178.8655.979.73 3941 3520–4 persons

Petroleum, coal,chemical andassociated product

$m$m$m$mno.no.


group

Industry

value

added

Operating

profit


Wages

and

salaries

Employment

at end of

June

Management

units at end

of June

MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES, Summary of opera t ions —1999–2000 continued7.7 . . . . .




70 864.915 695.4240 238.237 770.3956 76545 885Total

40 504.07 470.0152 631.321 965.4455 898689200 or more6 270.41 221.020 996.63 507.286 095608100–199 persons

12 239.12 156.337 460.87 138.5203 5115 47820–99 persons

11 851.34 848.129 149.55 159.2211 26139 110Total small business

6 962.81 742.519 611.03 918.6146 60615 7815–19 persons4 888.53 105.69 538.51 240.764 65623 3290–4 persons

Total manufacturing

$m$m$m$mno.no.


group

Industry

value

added

Operating

profit


Wages

and

salaries

Employment

at end of

June

Management

units at end

of June

MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES, Summary of opera t ions —1999–2000 continued7.7 . . . . .



CHAP T E R 8 SM A L L BU S I N E S S IN TH E SE R V I C E PR O V I D I N GIN D U S T R I E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

This survey included employing businesses and organisations (both public and private

sector) classified to the following classes of the ANZSIC:

� 9241, Music and Theatre Productions, which consist of businesses and organisations

mainly engaged in providing live theatrical or musical presentations (including

concerts, opera, ballet or drama);

� 9252, Performing Arts Venues, which consists of businesses and organisations mainly

engaged in operating performing arts venues such as concert halls, playhouses,

music halls (except theatre restaurants), entertainment centres (except centres

where the presentation of sporting events is the main activity); and

� 9529, Services to the Arts n.e.c., which consists of businesses and organisations

mainly engaged in providing services such as casting agency operation and theatre

lighting but for the purposes of this output, it excludes festivals.

In addition, the performing arts venues activities of local government authorities were

included in the survey, even though local government authorities are classified to

ANZSIC class 8113. Data are presented in table 8.3.

Performing arts

This survey included local government libraries, National and state libraries and archival

service organisations. Data are presented in table 8.2 and shows at the end of June 2000,

there were 521 libraries with total employment of 12,596. Small business accounted for

70% of the Public libraries and only 14% of total employment.

Publ ic librar ies

Businesses in this survey included art museums/galleries, historic properties, social

history, natural history science and other museums operated by the private and

government sectors classified to Class 9220 of the Australian and New Zealand

Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 1993 (cat. no. 1292.0). Data are presented

in table 8.1.

At the end of June 2000, there were 2,049 museums with total employment of 6,956.

Small business accounted for 92% of total museums and 29% of total employment with

58% of the museums having no employment.

Museums

This chapter presents recent data collected as part of the ABS series of special service

industries surveys. Details are presented for Museums, Public libraries, Performing arts,

Commercial art galleries, Film and video production and distribution, Motion picture

exhibition, Video hire outlets, Hire industries, and Community services. Surveys covering

these industries were conducted in respect of 1999–2000. Data collected in respect of

1998–99 are presented for the Retail and Wholesale industries.

SE R V I C E IN D U S T R Y

SU R V E Y S


This survey included employing businesses mainly involved in the plant and goods hiring

industries classified to the following ANZSIC classes:

� 7743, Plant Hiring or Leasing; which consists of businesses mainly engaged in

leasing, renting or hiring industrial machinery, plant or equipment;

� 9519, Personal and Household Goods Hiring; which consists of businesses mainly

engaged in hiring personal or household goods.

Hire industr ies

This survey included employing businesses classified to ANZSIC class 9511(Video Hire

Outlets); consisting of businesses mainly engaged in hiring prerecorded video cassettes

for personal use. Data are presented in Table 8.7. Of the 1,166 businesses in the Video

hire industry, 1,108 (95%) were small businesses. These small businesses contributed

68% to total industry employment and 63% to operating profit before tax of the industry.

Video hire outlets

This survey included employing businesses mainly engaged in screening motion pictures

in cinemas and drive-in theatres classified to ANZSIC class 9113 (Motion Picture

Exhibition). Data are presented in table 8.6. At the end of June 2000, there were

173 businesses with total employment of 9,282. Small business accounted for 66% of

businesses and only 11% of industry employment.

Motion picture exhibi t ion

This survey included employing businesses engaged in leasing or wholesaling motion

pictures on film or video tape to organisations for exhibition or sale. These businesses

are classified to ANZSIC 9112 (Film and Video Distribution). Data presented in table 8.5

show that small businesses made up 64% of total businesses in the Distribution industry

but only 13% of employment in 1999-2000.

Film and video distr ibut ion

This survey included employing businesses engaged in the production of motion

pictures on film or video tape for theatre or television projection. Also included were

businesses mainly providing post production services such as dubbing and subtitling and

editing. These businesses are classified to ANZSIC Class 9111 (Film and Video

Production). Data presented in table 8.5 shows small business in this industry accounted

for 94% of the total number of businesses and 32% of industry employment at the end of

June 2000. However micro businesses dominated with the estimated 1,609 micro

businesses accounting for 81% of the total number of businesses.

Film and video production

Businesses included in this survey were commercial art galleries and Aboriginal and

Torres Strait Islander art centres. For the purposes of the survey, a commercial art gallery

is defined as a business whose primary activity is the display and sale of artworks. Data

are presented in table 8.4 and show that there were 425 businesses with less than 5

employment (83% of all businesses at the end of June 2000). These businesses had

employment of 760 (54% of total employment).

Commercial art gal ler ies

At the end of June 2000, small businesses accounted for 637 (90%) of businesses in the

Music and theatre production industry, and 32% of industry employment. Small

businesses accounted for 63% and 94% of the Performing arts venues and Services to the

Arts industries respectively and 12% and 38% of their respective industry employment.

Performing arts continued


CH A P T E R 8 • SM A L L B U S I N E S S I N T H E SE R V I C E P R O V I D I N G I N D U S T R I E S

This survey presents results of employing businesses in the wholesale trade industries as

at the end of June 1999. Data are presented in table 8.11 and show that there were

35,404 small businesses (92% of total businesses) with employment of 171,994 (40% of

total employment). These small businesses contributed $2b or 29% to total Wholesale

industry operating profit before tax.

Wholesale industr ies

This survey presents results of employing businesses in the retail trade industries as at

the end of June 1999. Data are presented in table 8.10 and show that there were 93,801

small businesses (95% of all businesses) employing 455,047 persons (41% of total

employment). These small businesses contributed $2.7b or 50% to total retail industry

operating profit before tax.

Retai l industr ies

This survey included all employing businesses and organisations providing community

services in the government and private sectors. For the purposes of this publication, data

for businesses classified to the following ANZSIC classes have been shown:

� 8613, Nursing Homes;

� 8710, Child Care Services;

� 8721, Accommodation for the Aged;

� 8722, Residential Care Services n.e.c. ; and

� 8729, Non-residential Care Services n.e.c. .

As can be seen in table 8.9, in 1999-2000, small business in the Nursing Homes industry

only accounted for only 7% of total number of businesses in this industry. In contrast,

the Child care industry was predominately made up of small businesses with an 88%

contribution to the total number of business and 66% of the industry employment. The

other residential and non-residential care industries were also largely made up of small

businesses, contributing 79% and 77% to totals respectively. However, employment in

small businesses in these industries accounted for 25% and 14% of total industry

employment respectively.

Community serv ices

Table 8.8 shows that in 1999-2000, 88% of businesses in the Plant hiring and leasing

industry were small businesses and 59% of the total businesses in the industry were

micro businesses. Although small businesses dominated this industry in terms of

numbers, they contributed 28% to total employment of the industry with micro

businesses contributing 10% to total industry employment. In the Personal and

household goods industry, small businesses accounted for 95% of total businesses and

51% of total industry employment.

Hire industr ies continued



. . not applicableSource: Museums, Australia, 1999–2000 (cat. no. 8560.0).

716.4211.46 9562 049Total all businesses

489.4140.63 83878100 or more83.927.41 0988420–99

143.043.42 0201 886Total small business

87.727.51 1982375–1943.015.98224611–412.3. .. .1 188Nil employment

$m$mno.no.

Emp lo ye r s i z e

group

Total

income

Wages

and

salaries

Employment

at end June

Businesses

at end

June

MUSEUMS— 1999–20008.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Public Libraries, Australia, 1999–2000 (cat. no. 8561.0).

792.2362.112 596521Total

277.8101.42 6617200 or more446.8222.08 19614920–199

39.622.38776310–1917.610.1430645–910.46.34322380–4

$m $m no. no.

Emp lo ye r

s i z e group

Total

income

Wages

and

salaries

Employees

at end

June

Organisations

at end June

PUBLIC LIBRARIES— 1999–20008.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



* estimate is subject to sampling variability too high for most practical purposesSource: Performing Arts Industries, Australia, 1999–2000 (cat. no. 8697.0).

11.7709.882.83 846454Total other services to the arts

7.2434.748.32 3792720 or more

4.6275.134.51 467427Total small business

*1.0142.218.1822955–193.6132.916.46453320–4

SE R V I C E S TO TH E AR T S

7.2315.997.15 149125Total venues

10.0217.667.03 08112100 or more*–1.367.519.91 4633420–99–1.530.810.2605790–19

PE R F O R M I N G AR T S VE N U E S

27.8505.4171.67 060705Total music and theatre production

6.9198.181.42 72717100 or more*0.9137.041.62 0675120–99

19.9170.348.72 265637Total small businesses

1.769.924.81 4461665–1918.2100.423.98194710–4

MU S I C AN D TH E A T R E PR O D U C T I O N

$m$m$mno.no.Emp lo ye r s i z e group

Operating

profit

before

tax

Total

income

Wages

and

salaries

Employment

at end June

Businesses

at end

June

PERFORMING ARTS— 1999–20008.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10 0 A B S • SM A L L B U S I N E S S I N A U S T R A L I A • 1 3 2 1 . 0 • 2 0 0 1


* estimate has a relative standard error of between 25% and 50% and should beused with caution

Source: Commercial Art Galleries, Australia, 1999–2000 (cat. no. 8651.0).

131.822.01 409514Total all businesses

*11.4*4.2*264*2010 or more persons53.77.7385685–932.65.83401003–434.14.44203250–266.710.27604250–4

$m$mno.no.

Emp lo ye r s i z e

group

Total

income

Wages

and

salaries

Employment

at end June

Businesses

at end

June

COMMERCIAL ART GALLERIES— 1999–20008.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A B S • SM A L L B U S I N E S S I N A U S T R A L I A • 1 3 2 1 . 0 • 2 0 0 1 10 1


** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% and is considered too unreliable for general use* estimate has a relative standard error of between 25% and 50% and should be used with cautionnp not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicatedSource: Film and Video Production and Distribution, Australia, 1999–2000 (cat. no. 8679.0).

281.1103.61 141.866.81 42658Total all businesses

198.486.4936.457.01 2342120 or more

82.7*17.2205.49.919137Total small business

80.317.1195.48.3151175–19np*3.1104.84.880710–19np14.090.63.571105–9

2.4**0.110.01.640200–4

F I L M AN D V I D E O D I S T R I B U T I O N

606.876.51 473.8373.515 1951 975Total all businesses

166.0*–23.6398.6135.37 20225100 or more64.515.2124.539.31 2351950–9971.217.2175.845.41 9016820–49


110.2**15.1341.955.62 2032545–1974.7**9.7237.031.31 0637710–1935.5**5.4104.924.31 1401775–9

195.052.5433.098.02 6541 6090–4

F I L M AN D V I D E O PR O D U C T I O N

$m$m$m$mno.no.

Emp lo ye r s i z e

group

Industry

value

added

Operating

profit

before

tax

Total

income

Wages

and

salaries

Employment

at end June

Businesses

at end

June

FILM AND VIDEO PRODUCT ION AND DISTR IBUT ION— 1999–20008.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicatedSource: Motion Picture Exhibition, Australia, 1999–2000 (cat. no. 8654.0).

347.7113.31 046.1129.99 282173Total

249.583.9792.285.96 2125200 or more56.1np156.026.12 0645320–19914.2np41.68.66764910–1919.2np30.0np266405–9

8.7np26.3np64260–4

$m $m $m $m no. no.

Emp lo ye r

s i z e group

Industry

value

added

Operating

profit

before

tax

Total

income

Wages

and

salaries

Employment

at end June

Businesses

at end

June

MOTION PICTURE EXHIB IT ION— 1999–20008.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* estimate has a relative standard error of between 25% and 50% and should be used with cautionSource: Video Hire Industry, Australia, 1999–2000 (cat. no. 8562.0).

281.942.0595.2114.711 0341 166Total all businesses

96.79.3174.235.12 3351050 persons or more24.56.054.312.31 2394720–49


135.623.0315.559.76 4927385–1966.910.3159.731.13 20826010–1968.712.7155.828.63 2844785–925.1*3.651.37.69683700–4

$m$m$m$mno.no.

Emp lo ye r s i z e

group

Industry

value

added

Operating

profit

before

tax

Total

income

Wages

and

salaries

Employment

at end June

Businesses

at end

June

VIDEO HIRE OUTLETS— 1999–20008.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



* estimate has a relative standard error of between 25% and 50% and should be used with caution** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% and is considered too unreliable for general useSource: Hire Industries, Australia, 1999–2000 (cat. no. 8567.0).

249.42 606.0640.516 7281 332Total businesses

173.11 676.6409.48 7664350 or more*46.1394.687.42 4378620–49*12.2214.360.61 98716010–19**4.7157.738.91 5942555–9*13.3162.744.31 9437880–4

Total

24.9360.389.23 493409Total businesses

10.4210.347.71 335750 or more3.737.69.73641320–493.330.09.85324110–19

*1.943.012.16401035–95.539.49.96212440–4

Personal and household goods hiring

224.52 245.7551.313 235923Total businesses

162.71 466.3361.77 4313650 or more42.4357.077.72 0737320–49

**8.8*184.350.81 45511810–19**2.7114.626.79531525–9*7.9123.434.31 3225440–4

Plant hiring and leasing

$m$m$mno.no.Emp lo ye r s i z e group

Operating

profit

before

tax

Total

income

Wages

and

salaries

Employment

at end June

Businesses

at end

June

HIRE INDUSTRIES— 1999–20008.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



* estimate has a relative standard error of between 25% and 50% and should be used with caution** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% and is considered too unreliable for general useSource: Community Services, Australia, 1999–2000 (cat. no. 8696.0).

879.5118.32 985.01 384.878 8342 452Total businesses

595.6*76.21 832.3878.950 074181100 or more176.9*19.5649.9296.118 06738120–99107.1*22.7502.8209.810 6931 8900–19

NO N - R E S I D E N T I A L CA R E SE R V I C E S NE C

495.4**24.9797.9474.322 158845Total businesses

250.611.8390.1236.711 26732100 or more112.4**–1.4184.1113.45 34014520–99132.4*14.5223.7124.25 5516680–19

RE S I D E N T I A L CA R E SE R V I C E S NE C

1 029.884.71 560.3854.942 403690Total businesses

725.259.91 063.4596.528 91389100 or more236.4*18.3375.5203.710 47329820–99

68.2*6.5121.454.73 0173030–19

AC C O M M O D A T I O N FO R TH E AG E D

778.1**52.31 060.7641.041 1093 575Total child care businesses

30.90.146.528.71 7239100 or more204.6**2.7282.1178.312 18340920–99


503.642.6676.2405.825 2252 4445–19347.718.7463.4291.517 1331 24610–19155.9**23.9212.8114.38 0921 1985–9

39.0**7.055.828.21 9787120–4

CH I L D CA R E SE R V I C E S

2 351.1144.33 175.61 888.584 519793Total nursing home businesses

1 427.9103.01 964.11 147.052 226196100 or more592.333.1772.8473.522 18830550–99284.4*14.0368.1225.49 56923820–49

**46.4**–5.8**70.6**42.5*537530–19

NU R S I N G HO M E S

$m$m$m$mno.no.Emp lo ye r s i z e group

Industry

value

added

Operating

profit

before

tax

Total

income

Wages

and

salaries

Employment

at end June

Businesses

at end

June

COMMUNITY SERVICES— 1999–20008.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



Source: Retail Industry, Australia, 1998–99 (cat. no. 8622.0).

5 422.618 736.5169 251.01 104 65198 289Total businesses

1 928.37 724.070 116.5468 081224200 or more796.43 501.635 475.4181 5244 26320–199

2 697.97 510.963 659.1455 04793 8010–19

$m$m$mno.no.

Emp lo ye r s i z e

group

Operating

profit

before

tax

Wages

and

salaries

Total

income

Employment

at end June

Management

units at end

June

RETAIL INDUSTRY— 1998–998.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Wholesale Industry, Australia, 1998–99 (cat. no. 8638.0).

6 728.415 238.4210 583.4429 38638 568Total Businesses

2 432.44 806.767 489.6110 504189200 or more2 345.95 543.787 118.9146 8882 97520–1991 950.14 888.055 974.9171 99435 4040–19

$m$m$mno.no.

Emp lo ye r s i z e

group

Operating

profit

before

tax

Wages

and

salaries

Total

income

Employment

at end June

Management

units at end

June

WHOLESALE INDUSTRY— 1998–998.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



Annual: first issue: 1975: latest issue: 1997— discontinued.

CO N T E N T S

While this publication contains limited data classified by employer size, it does

present a wide range of information, including time series statistics, on the

Australian labour market in tabular and graphical forms. Topics covered include:

socio demographic characteristics of the labour force; employment,

unemployment and underemployment; persons not in the labour force; earnings,

labour costs and employment benefits; hours worked, industrial relations,

training and international comparisons.

LA B O U R

ST A T I S T I C S — G E N E R A L

6101.0 Labour Stat ist ics,

Austral ia

Catalogue group— Subject heading—

61 Labour Statistics— General

62 Labour Force

63 Earnings, Hours and Employment Conditions

71 Agricultural Statistics— General

75 Agricultural Financial Statistics and Value of Products

81 Industry Wide Statistics

82 Manufacturing and Energy— General

84 Mining

86 Services Industries

—Retail Trade

—Wholesale Trade

—Tourism

—Service Industries

Major subject group headings

The directory is divided into major subject groups. Publications are listed in ABS

catalogue number order within these groups. For each publication, there is a

brief description of the characteristics available by size, the size classifications and

unpublished statistics which may be available.

US I N G TH E D I R E C T O R Y

For practical reasons the ABS does not publish all the statistics it has available

and unpublished data may be available for finer size classifications or at a finer

industry or regional level.

Inquiries on the availability of statistics should be directed to the ABS

Information Service. See back page for details.

UN P U B L I S H E D ST A T I S T I C S

This directory lists publications containing size data which had been published as

at June 2002. Data released relates to the years up to and including 2000–01,

whether released monthly, quarterly, annually or on a one-off basis.

SC O P E OF TH I S D I R E C T O R Y

This directory has been designed to assist users of small business statistics. The

ABS publishes a wide range of statistics classified according to business size. In

addition, for many collections, unpublished statistics classified according to

business size are available on request.


APP E N D I X DI R E C T O R Y OF AB S SM A L L BU S I N E S SST A T I S T I C S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Quarterly; first issue: September 1983; last issue December 2001—discontinued

CO N T E N T S

Contains estimates for Australia, States and Territories of employees,

full-time/part-time, industry and sector (public sector further split by level of

government for Australia only). Estimates of gross earnings classified by industry

and sector (public sector further split by level of government for Australia only)

are also presented for Australia, States and Territories. In addition, information

on the gross earnings and employment by size of employer unit is included.

S I Z E CA T E G O R I E S

Employer size—

less than 20

20–99

100 or more

AD D I T I O N A L DA T A

Statistics relating to the number of employees and gross earnings classified by

finer size groupings, State and industry are available on request.

Note: The December quarter 2001 edition of

Wage and Salary Earners, Australia (cat. no. 6248.0) released April 2002, will be

the last edition containing estimates for the private sector. The Survey of

Employment and Earnings (SEE) is continuing to collect data from the public

sector. A reduction of data items, specifically the full time and part time

employment split, has occurred for this survey.

6248.0 Wage and Salary

Earners, Publ ic Sector,

Austral ia

Quarterly; first issue: August 1966 to November 1978

Monthly; first issue: February 1978.

CO N T E N T S

While this publication does not contain employment details classified by business

size, estimates of the number of employed persons classified by industry and

status of worker are published for the middle month of each quarter (February,

May, August and November). These estimates include data on the ‘own account

workers’ and ‘employers’ and are a useful supplement to employment statistics,

which classify data for employees by employment size.


Data on ‘own account workers’ and ‘employers’ are available as unpublished data

down to the Capital City Statistical Region/Balance of State level.

LA B O U R FO R C E

6203.0 Labour Force,

Austral ia

Irregular; first issue: 1986; latest issue: 2001,

CO N T E N T S

A comprehensive discussion and description of the concepts and definitions

underpinning Australian labour statistics and the data sources and methods used

in the collection and compilation of these statistics. It explains what the statistics

measure, how the various measures relate to each other and how they are

produced. It also discusses the factors influencing their accuracy and reliability.

6102.0 Labour Stat ist ics:

Concepts, Sources and

Methods


A P P E N D I X D I R E C T O R Y OF A B S SM A L L B U S I N E S S ST A T I S T I C S

Five-yearly; first issue: 1985–86; latest issue: 1996–97.6348.0 Labour Costs,

Austral ia

Biennial; first issue: May 1975; latest issue May 2002

CO N T E N T S

Distribution of employees by levels of weekly total earnings classified by sex and

type of employee. For various categories of employees, average weekly total

earnings is dissected into: base pay, payment by measured result

(e.g. piecework), and overtime pay. Average weekly total earnings is also

classified by sex, occupation, industry, sector and state or territory. In addition,

broad aggregate information on how an employee's pay is set (e.g. individual

agreement or contract, collective agreement, award) will be released.


Employer size—

less than 20

20–49

50–99

100–499

500–999

1000 or more

EA R N I N G S , HO U R S AN D

EM P L O Y M E N T CO N D I T I O N S

6306.0 Employee Earnings

and Hours, Austral ia

Biennial; first issue: 1995; latest issue: 2001

CO N T E N T S

Contains details of the June 2001 supplementary survey of households looking at

the characteristics of small business operators and their businesses. Provides data

on age, sex, ethnicity and hours worked as well as the length of operation of the

business, number of operators per business and the use of computers and the

Internet by small businesses. Where data are available, comparisons are drawn

with previous survey results. Businesses based at home are also examined.


Employee size


1–4

5–19

8127.0 Character ist ics of

Smal l Business

Triennial; first issue: April 1989; latest issue: June 2000.

CO N T E N T S

Locations of Work survey provides information on where people work and why

and on their working arrangements, with a focus on people who work at home in

their main or second job or business. Information as to number of hours worked

at home, reason for working at home, employment conditions, industry and

occupation and use of computers is included. Estimates can be classified by

labour force demographics such as state, sex, age, marital status and birthplace.

6275.0 Locations of Work,

Austral ia; previously Persons

Employed at Home, Austral ia

Estimates for the public sector will be published in Wage and Salary Earners,

Public Sector, Australia, (cat. no. 6248.0), a change in name but not catalogue

number. For clients interested in private sector earnings from March 2002, refer

to Business Indicators, Australia (cat. no. 5676.0). For further changes to ABS

business surveys, please see Information Paper: Improvements to Australian

Bureau of Statistics Quarterly Business Indicators, 2001 (cat. no. 5677.0).

6248.0 Wage and Salary

Earners, Publ ic Sector,

Austral ia continued



Annual; first issue: 1993–94; latest issue 1999–2000

CO N T E N T S :

Number of establishments with agricultural activity classified by industry,

estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) and area of establishment.

Number of farm businesses by size of turnover.

AG R I C U L T U R A L F I N A N C I A L

ST A T I S T I C S AN D VA L U E OF

PR O D U C T S

7113.0 Agr iculture, Austral ia

Irregular; first issue: July to September 1989; latest issue: July to September 1996.

CO N T E N T S

Provides extensive information on employer training expenditure in Australia.

Statistics on the costs incurred by organisations in providing structured training

to employees are presented by industry and employer size for both the private

and public sectors. Hours of training received, wage and salary costs of training

and other major training costs together with number of dedicated and

non-dedicated trainers are included.


Employer size—

less than 20

20–99

100 or more

Additional data by employer size is available from the 1993 Training Expenditure

Survey.

6353.0 Employer Training

Expenditure, Austral ia

CO N T E N T S

Contains estimates of labour costs for the private and public sectors including:

employee earnings; employer payments for superannuation, workers'

compensation, payroll tax and fringe benefits tax. Estimates are classified by state,

industry, employer size and sector. Irregularly the publication includes a

breakdown of wages and salaries into payments for time worked and payments

for time not worked (e.g. leave, public holidays and infrequent bonuses).


Employer size—

less than 20

20–99

100 or more


Unpublished information which is available from this survey includes some state

by industry, state by size, and industry by size classifications. Some information

on industries and employer sizes at finer levels than those included in published

tables is available. A ‘customised’ report service which provides a profile of the

labour costs for particular industries is also available.

6348.0 Labour Costs,




Annual; first issue: 1976–77; latest issue: 2000–01

CO N T E N T S

Expenditure and human resources devoted to research and experimental

development (R&D) carried out by businesses in Australia, classified by industry,

type of expenditure, source of funds, type of employee, enterprise employment

size, field of research, socioeconomic objective and location of expenditure.

Every second year, expenditure classified by type of activity and product field,

statistics on R&D funded by organisations but carried out by others, payments

and receipts for technical know-how and patent activity are also shown. Most

data are expressed in current prices but key aggregates are also expressed in

volume terms (reference year 1996–97).

I N D U S T R Y W I D E S T A T I S T I C S

8104.0 Research and

Experimental Development,

Businesses, Austral ia

ES T A B L I S H M E N T S I Z E CA T E G O R I E S :

Estimated value of agricultural operations—

less than $22,500

$22,500–$49,900

$50,000–$99,900

$100,000–$149,900

$150,000–$199,900

$200,000–$349,900

$350,000–$499,900

$500,000–$999,900

$1,000,000–$1,999,900

$2,000,000 or more

Area of holding (hectares)

0–49

50–99

100–499

500–999

1,000–2,499

2,500–24,999

25,000–99,999

100,000–199,999

200,000–499,999

500,000 or more

FA R M BU S I N E S S S I Z E CA T E G O R I E S :

Turnover

less than $50,000

$50,000–$99,999

$100,000–$149,999

$150,000–$199,999

$200,000–$249,999

$250,000–$299,999

$300,000–$499,999

$500,000–$999,999

$1,000,000–$1,999,999

$2,000,000 and over

7113.0 Agr iculture, Austral ia

continued



Annual; first issue: 1993–94; latest issue 2000–01

CO N T E N T S

Presents statistics on the use of technology, in particular use of the Internet, by

businesses. Statistics are classified by Australian and New Zealand Standard

Industry Classification at the Division (ANZSIC) level. It also includes estimates of

the proportion of businesses buying and selling goods and services via the

Internet and the value of Internet sales.

8129.0 Business Use of

Information Technology,

Austral ia

Biennial; first issue 1992–93; latest issue 2000–01

CO N T E N T S

Contains details of the structure and performance of information technology

related industries in Australia. Data include: estimates of industry size,

employment, income and expenses together with estimates of the production,

distribution, import and export of selected information technology and

telecommunication goods and services. Also includes a range of performance

indicators by employment size, plus state and territory comparisons.

8126.0 Information

Technology, Austral ia

Irregular; first issue: 1993–94; latest issue: 1996–97

CO N T E N T S

Contains statistics on the technological innovative activities of Australian

manufacturers. Statistics include: rates of technological innovation; qualitative

aspects of technological innovation such as barriers to technological innovation,

objectives of technological innovation, source of ideas and information for

technological innovation; impacts of technological innovation; expenditure on

technological innovation costs; profile of significant technological innovation

projects; and the use of advanced manufacturing technologies.


Employment size—

0–4

5–9

10–19

20–99

100–199

200–499

500–999

1,000 or more


Additional data by different size categories available on request.

8116.0 Innovat ion in

Austral ia, Manufactur ing


Business employment—

less than 10

10–19

20–49

50–99

100–199

200–499

500–999

1,000 or more

8104.0 Research and

Experimental Development,

Businesses, Austral ia continued



Discontinued; first issue: 1994–95; last issue: 1997–98

CO N T E N T S

Contains summary results of the 1997–98 Business Growth and Performance

Survey. This survey was the final year of a longitudinal study, which commenced

in 1994–95, focusing on the performance of small and medium businesses. Data

are presented about businesses with changing employment and businesses with

changing income during 1997–98, as well as over the four year period. These data

8141.0 Small and Medium

Enterpr ises, Business Growth

and Performance Survey

Annual; covers most recent six years

CO N T E N T S

This product is available electronically only. It contains a selection of statistics

which summarise the changing structure, activity and performance of each of the

major industry groups of the Australian economy. The results presented are

based on profit and loss statement and balance sheet information collected from

selected businesses mainly by mail out questionnaires. Information is available for

most ANZSIC subdivisions by business size categories All, Large, and Small and

medium.


Small and medium businesses: management units which employ less than 200

persons and do not have assets worth more than $200m.

Large businesses: management units which employ more than 200 persons or

have assets worth more than $200m (this breakdown not available in 1995–96

issue).

8140.0.55.002 Summaries of

Industry Performance

1994–95 to 2001–02

(Special data serv ice)


CO N T E N T S

Economic statistics, including aggregates and ratios, based on profit and loss and

balance sheet accounts of public trading and private employing businesses in

most industries of the Australian economy. Aggregates include details of income

and expenditure, profit, assets and liabilities. Measures of profitability,

performance and indebtedness are included among the ratios presented. The

data are classified by broad industry (most ANZSIC Divisions).


Small and medium businesses: management units which employ less than 200

persons and do not have assets worth more than $200m.

Large businesses: management units which employ more than 200 persons or

have assets worth more than $200m (this breakdown not available in 1995–96

issue).


Data for finer industry classifications (ANZSIC subdivision) and finer business

sizes are available on request.

8140.0 Business Operations

and Industry Performance,

Austral ia


Employment size—

0–4

5–19

20–99

100 and over.

8129.0 Business Use of

Information Technology,





CO N T E N T S

Presents final results for establishments in Australia from the Manufacturing

Survey. Shows details of employment, wages and salaries, turnover, and industry

gross product classified by industry class. Also includes industry subdivision data

classified by employment size, state and territory, and data related to exporting

activity.


Establishment employment—

Category 1

0–4

5–9

10–19

20–49

50–99

100 or more

Category 2

less than 100

100–199

200–499

500–999

1000 or more

8221.0 Manufactur ing

Industry, Austral ia

Irregular; latest issue 1997

CO N T E N T S

Contains information on the wide range of data available relating to the

manufacturing sector of the Australian economy. Main emphasis is on data

available from the 1994–95 and 1995–96 manufacturing collections, but also

includes a table of available variables from 1989–90 to 1995–96.

MA N U F A C T U R I N G AN D

EN E R G Y - G E N E R A L

8205.0 Information Paper:

Avai labi l i ty of Stat ist ics

Related to Manufactur ing

Annual; first issue 1998–99; latest issue 1999–2000

CO N T E N T S

Presents estimates derived using a combination of data from the Economic

Activity Survey and business income tax data provided to the Australian Taxation

Office. The estimates include total income and expenses, and operating profit

before tax. Experimental estimates are also included, which provide income and

expense items at the 3 and 4 digit ANZSIC level.

8155.0 Austral ian Industry

are classified by the size of business and broad industry group. The publication

also presents details of employment generation and destruction by size of

business, business use of computers and the Internet and training provided.

Size categories

1–4

5–19

20–199

200+


Additional business characteristics and performance data available on request.

8141.0 Small and Medium

Enterpr ises, Business Growth

and Performance Survey

continued



Irregular; first issue: 1968–69; latest issue: 1998–99.

CO N T E N T S

RE T A I L IN D U S T R Y

8622.0 Retai l Industry,

Austral ia

Annual from 1998–99: first issue: 1997–98; latest issue 1999–2000; next issue

expected release August 2002.

CO N T E N T S

Presents data for the following mining operations in Australia: number of

management units; number of establishments; employment at 30 June; wages

and salaries; income and expenditure; components and value of turnover; trading

profit; operating profit before tax; industry value added; assets and liabilities; and

net capital expenditure. Data for Services to mining (ANZSIC 15) is only available

at the management unit level.

8415.0 Mining operat ions

Austral ia

Annual until 1996–97 then biennial; first issue: 1993–94; latest issue: 1998–99

(Final).

Continues 8402.0 and 8405.0; alternates with 8415.0.

CO N T E N T S

Provides a broad picture of the structure of the mining industry; mineral reserves;

mineral and petroleum exploration; mineral production; financial operations of

mining establishments and management units; selected industry operating ratios;

employment and wages and salaries; mineral royalties; environmental

expenditure; imports and exports; and international comparisons. Data for

ANZSIC Subdivision 15, Services to Mining, is only available at management unit

level. For 1998–99 the data is sourced from a different collection and is not

directly comparable with data for the rest of the mining industry, or with data for

ANZSIC 15 for previous years.

MI N I N G

8414.0 Austral ian Mining

Industry

Annual; first issue: 1997; latest issue: 2001

CO N T E N T S

Presents a variety of statistical information and analysis concerning the size,

structure and performance of the manufacturing industries in Australia.

Indicators for 1999–2000 have been compiled from various ABS quarterly surveys

while the main detailed analysis is based on the 1998–1999 Annual Manufacturing

Survey. Also included are articles prepared by other organisations or analysis

based on non-ABS statistics. Generally, data are presented for manufacturing as a

whole and for the nine broad manufacturing industries. Topics include structure,

performance, employment, outputs, profits, capital expenditure and some more

specific topics such as energy use, expenditure to protect the environment,

research and development expenditure and characteristics of the workforce.


Employment size—

1–4

5–19

20–199

200+

8225.0 Manufactur ing,

Austral ia



Quarterly; first issue: September quarter 1975; latest issue March 2002.

CO N T E N T S

Contains the results from the ongoing quarterly Survey of Tourist

Accommodation(STA). Data provide information on the supply of, and demand

for, tourist accommodation facilities. Data include number of establishments,

capacity and employment for the quarter and occupancy and takings from

accommodation for each month; by type of establishment and by star grading.

This is a useful reference for policy makers and industry monitors and advisers.

Details are provided for local areas and tourism regions in the state.

Establishments with facilities providing short-term accommodation (i.e. less than

two months); showing number of establishments, capacity, occupancy rates,

employment and takings from accommodation for each month by type of

establishment for each state and territory and Australia.

Up to and including December quarter 1997: for hotels, motels and guest houses

with 5 or more rooms, includes data by star grading. For caravan parks, also

includes, from December quarter 1986, establishments providing long-term

accommodation. Letting entities for holiday flats, units and houses with 5 or

more units collected from September quarter 1987. All visitor hostels collected

from September quarter 1991.

8635.1–8.48.001 Tourist

Accommodation (al l States

and Terr i tor ies—data

avai lable as Special Data

Service)

Quarterly: first issue September 1975; latest issue March 2002.TO U R I S T AC C O M M O D A T I O N

8635.0 Tourist

Accommodation, Austral ia

Irregular, first issue: 1981–82; latest issue: 1998–99.

CO N T E N T S

Estimates of the number of wholesale business units; employment; wages and

salaries; turnover; profit; gross product and selected operating ratios classified by

industry. Also shows the value of total sales by wholesale business units classified

by commodity item and sales margins.


Employment size—

0–19

20–199

200 or more

WH O L E S A L E IN D U S T R Y

8638.0 Wholesale Industry,

Austral ia

Contains details by industry of number of businesses, employment, wages and

salaries, income and expenses, operating profit, industry value added and

selected performance measures. Also shows the value of total sales by retail

business units classified by commodity item and sales margins. Also provides a

limited range of information by state/territory.


Employment size—

0–19

20–199

200 or more

8622.0 Retai l Industry,




Irregular; first and latest issue: 1999–20008567.0 Hire Industr ies,

Austral ia

Irregular; first and latest issue: 1999–20008564.0 Veter inary Services,

Austral ia

Irregular; first and latest issue: 1999–20008563.0 Botanic Gardens,

Austral ia

Irregular; first and latest issue: 1999–20008562.0 Video Hire Industry,

Austral ia

Irregular; first and latest issue: 1999–20008561.0 Publ ic Librar ies,

Austral ia

Irregular; first and latest issue: 1999–20008560.0 Museums, Austral ia

Irregular; first issue: 1996–97; latest issue: 1999–20008559.0 Television Services,

Austral ia

The ABS produces data on service industries from a variety of programs. In terms

of industry data there are two main sources; the annual Economic Activity Survey

(EAS) and the rotating program of service industries collections.

The EAS provides employment, financial information and performance measures

at a broad industry level (ANZSIC subdivision) on an annual basis. The rotating

program of service industries collections includes specific industry surveys each

year. The main focus of these surveys is the size and structure of service

industries (at the ANZSIC class and sub ANZSIC class level) in terms of detailed

financial information and employment. As well, some activity data is available for

most surveys. Selected financial and employment statistics classified by business

size are available for most of these surveys.

Some of the more recent collections have included:

SE R V I C E IN D U S T R I E S

From March quarter 1998: Caravan parks, letting entities for holiday flats, units

and houses and visitor hostels ceased to be collected on an ongoing basis.

Serviced apartments now collected. For hotels, motels and guest houses and

serviced apartments, includes data by star grading.


Every third year beginning with 2000, the STA expands to also include:

� holiday flats, units and houses of letting entities with 15 or more rooms or

units;

� caravan parks with 40 or more powered sites; and

� visitor hostels with 25 or more bed spaces.

Compilation of annual accommodation counts of number of establishments and

capacity data covering the previous scope of the STA are released as follows:

� Hotels, Motels, Guest houses and Serviced apartments (with 5 or more

rooms/units);

� Caravan parks (with 5 or more powered sites);

� Visitor hostels; and

� Holiday flats and units establishments (other than those included with

Serviced apartments) (with 5 or more units).

(NB the annual accommodation counts are not collected directly from survey

respondents. These data are compiled from administrative records of Automobile

Associations).

8635.1–8.48.001 Tourist

Accommodation (al l States

and Terr i tor ies—data

avai lable as Special Data

Service) continued



Irregular; first issue: 1997–98; latest issue 2000–018695.0 Accommodation


Irregular; first and latest issue 1995–968693.0 Consultant

Engineering Services,

Austral ia

Irregular; first issue 1994–95; latest issue 1996–978691.0 Overseas Tour ism

Market ing Expenditure,

Austral ia

Irregular; first issue 1994–95; latest issue 1995–968690.0 Inbound Tour

Operators, Austral ia

Irregular; first issue 1994–95; next issue November 20028689.0 Private Medical

Pract i t ioners, Austral ia

Irregular; first issue 1994–95; latest issue 2000–018688.0 Selected Amusement

and Leisure Industr ies,

Austral ia

Irregular; first and latest issue 2000–018687.0 Clubs, Pubs, Taverns

and Bars, Austral ia

Irregular; first issue 1994–95; latest issue 2000–018686.0 Sports Industr ies,

Austral ia

Irregular; first issue 1994–95; next issue July 20038685.0 Private Medical

Pract ice Industry, Austral ia

Irregular; first issue 1994–95; latest issue 2000–018684.0 Gambl ing Industr ies,

Austral ia

Irregular; first issue 1994–95; latest issue 2000–018683.0 Casinos, Austral ia

Irregular; first issue: 1996–97; latest issue: 1999–20008679.0 Fi lm and Video

Product ion and Distr ibut ion,

Austral ia

Irregular; first issue: 1992–93; latest issue: 1998–998678.0 Legal Services,

Austral ia

Irregular; first issue: 1987–88; latest issue: 1998–998669.0 Computing Services


Irregular; first issue: 1992–93; latest issue: 1995–968668.0 Accounting Services,

Austral ia

Irregular; first issue: 1987–88; latest issue: 1998–998663.0 Real Estate Services


Irregular; first issue: 1986–87; latest issue: 1999–20008654.0 Motion Picture

Exhibi t ion, Austral ia

Irregular; first issue 1986–87; latest issue 1996–978653.0 Travel Agency

Services Industry, Austral ia

Irregular; first issue: 1986–87; latest issue: 1999–20008651.0 Commercial Art

Gal ler ies, Austral ia



latest issue 1996–97

CO N T E N T S

Contains preliminary statistics from the Construction Industry Survey conducted

for the 1996–97 financial year, for both the residential and non-residential

sectors.

8771.0 Construct ion Industry,

Austral ia: Summary of Private

Sector Operat ions

Irregular; first issue: 1978–79; latest issue 1996–97. (A publication for each state

and territory was published in respect of 1984–85 financial year).

CO N T E N T S

Contains final estimates of financial information for private sector businesses in

both the residential and non-residential sectors of the industry at a national level.

More detailed information is available on the residential sector and building

trades sector at a state level. Data include selected performance ratios, income

and expenditure, employment and selected characteristics of the industry.


Employment size—

<5

5–19

20+

Turnover size ($'000)—

less than $50

$50 to less than $100

$100 to less than $500

$500 to less than $1,000

$1,000 to less than $5,000

$5,000 and over

Additional data by varying size categories available on request.

BU I L D I N G AN D

CO N S T R U C T I O N

8772.0 Construct ion Industry,

Austral ia: Detai ls of Private

Sector Operat ions

Irregular; first and last issue 1996–978699.0 Zoos, Parks and

Gardens Industry, Austral ia

Irregular; first and last issue 1996–978698.0 Waste Management


Irregular; first issue 1996–97; latest issue 1999–20008697.0 Performing Arts

Industr ies, Austral ia

Irregular; first issue: 1995–96; latest issue 1999–20008696.0 Community Services,

Austral ia



8 Inaccuracies may occur because of imperfections in reporting by

respondents and interviewers and errors made in coding and processing data.

These inaccuracies may occur in any enumeration, whether it be a full count or a

sample. Every effort is made to reduce the non-sampling error to a minimum by

careful design of questionnaires, intensive training and supervision of

interviewers, and efficient operating procedures.

9 The individual publications referred to in the table footnotes and the

Directory provide more information on statistical error in respect of the series

they contain.

Non-sampl ing error

3 Since the estimates are based on information obtained from a sample of

business units or households, they (and the movements derived from them) may

differ from the figures that would have been produced if all businesses or

households, had been included in the survey.

4 One measure of sampling error is given by the standard error which

indicates the degree to which an estimate may vary from the value that would

have been obtained from a full enumeration of the population (the true value).

There are about two chances in three that a sample estimate differs from the true

value by less than one standard error, and about nineteen chances in twenty that

the difference will be less than two standard errors.

5 Another measure of sampling error is the relative standard error (RSE)

which is obtained by expressing the standard error as a percentage of the

estimate to which it refers.

6 If the standard error of an estimate is large relative to the size of the

estimate, the usefulness of the estimate is seriously impaired. For the tables in

this publication, estimates with a relative standard error greater than 25 per cent

are published with an asterisk (e.g. *256.4) while those with a relative standard

error greater than 50 per cent have are indicated with a double asterisk

(e.g. **1.2).

7 Information in this publication has been derived from surveys for which

results have already been published in other ABS publications as indicated in the

table footnotes and the directory provided in Appendix 1. These publications

include technical details on the methodology used and size of sampling errors for

the estimates derived from each survey.

Sampling error

2 Much of the data presented in the publication have been obtained from

sample surveys. Estimates for all surveys are subject to two sources of error.

SU R V E Y ER R O R

1 Data for tables and charts included in this publication have been obtained

from a number of different sources. Relevant details on the method of collection

and concepts used are set out below.


TECH N I C A L NOTE TE C H N I C A L NO T E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


17 Data presented in this publication which have been derived from surveys

based on the ABS Business Register such as the SEE have been adjusted to take

account of both the businesses previously omitted from the Business Register

and the time delay in processing businesses to the Business Register. These

adjustments have been applied to both the number of businesses and the

number of persons employed. For each year, separate adjustments have been

calculated for each industry and size category, with revisions made to all years

presented in this publication (1983–84 to 2000–01).

RE V I S I O N S TO DA T A

RE S U L T I N G FR O M CH A N G E S

TO TH E AB S BU S I N E S S

RE G I S T E R

14 While the LFS can provide estimates of the number of own account

workers, being a household based survey it does not provide estimates of the

number of businesses these people are involved in.

15 In June 2001, the ABS undertook a survey into the characteristics of small

business in Australia. One of the results of this survey was a reliable estimate of

the number of partners within a partnership and the ratio of partnerships to sole

proprietorships. Based on these estimates, factors have been derived for each

industry and applied to Labour Force estimates of own account workers to

estimate numbers of non-employing businesses.

16 The factors obtained from the Characteristics of Small Business Survey have

been used to derive estimates of the number of non-employing businesses

published in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. The ABS has also derived estimates of

non-employing businesses from Business Income Tax data obtained from the

Australian Taxation Office (ATO) which are included in the results presented in

Chapter 5.

Estimates of non-employing

businesses

12 Estimates of the number of people working in their own business (either

employers with employees or own account workers) in Chapters 2, 3 and 4 are

annual averages of figures for the mid-month of each quarter, obtained from the

LFS. The quarterly figures and associated standard errors are published in Labour

Force, Australia (cat. no. 6203.0).

13 As explained in the case of SEE derived estimates, annual averages from the

LFS will also have slightly lower standard errors than the quarterly data from

which they are obtained.

ES T I M A T E S DE R I V E D FR O M

TH E LA B O U R FO R C E SU R V E Y

( L F S )

10 The estimates in Chapters 2, 3 and 4 of numbers of management units and

private sector employees (wage and salary earners) are annual averages of figures

for the mid month of each quarter, obtained from the Survey of Employment and

Earnings (SEE). Quarterly figures and associated standard errors for numbers of

wage and salary earners are published in Employed Wage and Salary Earners,

Australia (cat. no. 6248.0).

11 Because a proportion of the survey sample is rotated out of the survey each

quarter, the annual average of the quarterly figures is effectively based on a larger

sample than in any single quarterly figure. Hence, the standard error for the

annual average is lower than that for the quarterly figures. It should be noted that

the quarterly data used to calculate the annual averages published in this

publication were produced using a different estimation method from that used

for the SEE publication and so the results may be slightly different.

ES T I M A T E S DE R I V E D FR O M

TH E SU R V E Y OF

EM P L O Y M E N T AN D EA R N I N G S

(S E E )


T E C H N I C A L N O T E T E C H N I C A L N O T E S

Management units (and establishments) are allocated a size classification,referred to as ‘employer size’. Depending on the source of the statistics this termrefers to either the number of employees only or total employment (employeesplus working proprietors and partners). For statistics derived from ABS employerbased surveys, e.g. SEE, employer size refers to the number of employees, whilefor statistics derived from the program of Economic Surveys ‘employer size’refers to total employment.

Employer size

The number of employees in a given financial year is the annual average of thenumber of employees who received pay for any part of a chosen pay period inAugust, November, February and May of that financial year. All permanent,temporary, casual, part-time, managerial and executive employees paid duringthe period, as well as employees on paid or pre-paid leave, on workers'compensation, and employees paid from interstate or overseas are included.

In the LFS members of the Australian permanent defence forces, certaindiplomatic personnel of overseas governments, overseas residents in Australiaand members of non-Australian defence forces (and their dependents) stationedin Australia are all excluded. Employees primarily engaged in agriculture, fishingand hunting; and employees in private households are all included as employees.

The SEE excludes members of the Australian permanent defence forces,employees of businesses in the private sector primarily engaged in Agriculture,forestry and fishing, employees in private households employing staff, employeesof overseas embassies and consulates, employees based outside Australia andemployees on workers compensation who are not paid through the payroll.

Also excluded are the following persons who are not regarded as employees forthe purposes of the SEE; proprietors/partners of unincorporated businesses,directors who are not paid a salary, persons such as subcontractors, and personspaid solely by commission without a retainer are also excluded. Casualemployees who work on an irregular basis and who were not paid during therelevant pay period, and employees on leave without pay, on strike, or stooddown without pay for the whole of the pay period, are also excluded.

Employees (wage and salaryearners)

Cash operating surplus for agricultural industries, is the estimate of grossoperating surplus less an estimate of the value of increase in livestock lessestimates of interest and land rent paid plus estimates of interest and land rentreceived. Cash operating surplus is not a true measure of surplus available forprofit since depreciation and income tax have not been deducted.

Cash operating surplus

Businesses employing more than 19 people.Businesses other than small

When bankruptcy proceedings are taking place and it is found that the individualhas been involved in any business activity in the five years preceding bankruptcy,then the bankruptcy is referred to as a ‘business bankruptcy’.

Business bankruptcies

Bankruptcy is a legal state relating to an individual, permitting the orderlyrepayment and release of their debts. It may be initiated either voluntarily by thedebtor or by a creditor against the debtor's will , and even in the debtor'sabsence. The legislation generally provides for the assets of a bankrupt to be soldand the proceeds to be distributed to creditors on a pro rate basis.

Bankruptcies

GL O S S A R Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


For this publication micro businesses are defined as businesses employing lessthan five employees as well as non-employing businesses.

Micro business

For this publication, medium businesses (excluding agriculture) are defined asbusinesses employing 20 or more people but less than 200.

Medium business

The management unit is the largest type of accounting unit within an enterprisegroup which controls its productive activities. From its accounts detailed annualand sub-annual (i.e. at least quarterly) revenue, expense, stocks, capitalexpenditure and employment data must be available to the ABS which enablesmeasures of industry performance, such as gross product (i.e. adjusted valueadded) to be calculated.

Management unit

Reflects a business's legal structure, i.e. sole proprietor, partnership, incorporatedcompany, cooperative society or government authority.

Legal status

For this publication, large businesses (excluding agriculture) are defined asbusinesses employing 200 or more people.

Large business

IVA represents the value added by an industry to the intermediate inputs used bythe industry.

The derivation of IVA is as follows:Turnover (new standards)plus Closing inventoriesless Opening inventoriesless Intermediate input expenses (for details, see the entry for operating

expenses)equals IVA.

Industry value added (IVA)

IGP is a measure of the unduplicated gross product of a business defined as grossoutput minus intermediate inputs. Broadly it can be described as the grossoutput of a business minus intermediate inputs

or

the value of goods and services after the deduction of the cost of goods andservices used up in the process of production.

Industry gross product (IGP)

Industry statistics in this publication are classified according to the Australianand New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 1993 (cat. no.1292.0).

Industry

See Industry gross product.Gross product

Full-time equivalent employment is defined as the total hours worked divided bythe average hours worked in full-time jobs.

Full-time equivalent

A valuation placed on agricultural units taking into account (without doublecounting) the area of crops sown, number of livestock on holdings at a point intime, as well as the crops produced and livestock turnoff (in most cases sales)during the year. It is a measure devised to assist with industry coding and sizevaluation and is not an indicator of receipts obtained by units or of the value ofagriculture commodities produced by these units.

Estimated value of agriculturaloperations (EVAO)

See employer sizeEmployment size

Persons working in their own business and employees, including part-time andcasual employees on the payroll, for the last pay period in June.

Employment

Persons who work in their own business (that business not being a limitedliability company) with employees. The number of employers in a given financialyear is the annual average of the number of employers in a chosen two-weekperiod in August, November, February and May of that financial year.

Employers


GL O S S A R Y

See employees.Wage and salary earners

For ABS purposes this is defined as being a contractual association, between twoor more parties, to undertake a specific business project in which the participantsmeet the costs of the project and receive a share of any resulting output. Thestatistical treatment of each UJV involves collection of data from the participants,who generally report income and asset items, and operators who reportemployment and expenses. This can place participants inappropriately in thesmall business class. To avoid distortion of the data UJV participants withemployment in the 0–19 range have been presented separately.

Unincorporated Joint Venture(UJV)

Sales of goods and services, commission income, repair and service income, rent,leasing, and hiring income (excluding unallocated rent, leasing and hiringincome), government bounties and subsidies, and all other operating incomeexcept interest, royalties and dividends. Also included is the value of capital workdone by the management unit for itself and the value of equipment withdrawnfrom stock for own use or for rental or lease outside the management unit.

Turnover

Refers to the classification as either an employee, an own account worker, or anemployer.

Status of worker

For this publication small businesses are defined as businesses employing lessthan 20 people in all industries except agriculture where the definition isbusinesses with an EVAO of between $22,500 and $400,000.

Small businesses

Includes sales of goods whether or not manufactured by the business; sales ortransfers to related businesses; all repair and service income and fees; incomefrom rent, leasing and hiring; contract, subcontract and commission income; andmanagement fees.

Sales of goods and services

The public sector in Australia is that part of the economy which consists of allresident enterprises through which the Commonwealth, State and Localgovernments, separately or jointly, implement their economic, social and otherpolicies by their ability to control what activities the enterprises undertake and/orhow they are undertaken.

Public sector

All businesses not classified to the public sector.Private Sector

See employmentPersons employed

A combination of own account workers and employers estimated from themonthly LFS.

Persons working in ownbusiness

An own account worker is a person who operates his or her own unincorporatedeconomic enterprise or engages independently in a profession or trade and hiresno employees. The number of own account workers in a given financial year wastaken as the annual average of the number of own account workers in a chosentwo week period in August, November, February and May of that financial year.

Own account workers

For this publication, other small businesses (excluding agriculture) are defined asbusinesses employing 5 or more people but less than 20.

Other small business

OPBT is a measure of profit before extraordinary items are brought to accountand prior to the deduction of income tax and appropriations to owners(e.g. dividends paid).

Operating profit before tax(OPBT)

A business run by an own account worker, solely or in a partnership, which hasno employees.

Non-employing business

Is defined as gross product less wages and salaries, employer contributions tosuperannuation and pension schemes, depreciation expenses and workers'compensation insurance. Net operating surplus is a basic measure of profitability(before income tax and non-operating income and expenses) of an industry.

Net operating surplus


GL O S S A R Y

Including severance, termination and redundancy payments and provisionexpenses for employee entitlements. It excludes payments to contractors anddrawings of working proprietors and working partners of unincorporatedbusinesses.

Wages and salaries


GL O S S A R Y

Subscription Services, ABS, GPO Box 2796Y, Melbourne Vic 3001

POST

03 9615 7848FAX

[email protected]

1300 366 323PHONE

ABS subscription services provide regular, convenient andprompt deliveries of ABS publications and products as theyare released. Email delivery of monthly and quarterlypublications is available.

W H Y N O T S U B S C R I B E ?

Client Services, ABS, GPO Box 796, Sydney NSW 1041POST

1300 135 211FAX

[email protected]

1300 135 070PHONE

Data that is already published and can be provided withinfive minutes is free of charge. Our information consultantscan also help you to access the full range of ABSinformation—ABS user-pays services can be tailored toyour needs, time frame and budget. Publications may bepurchased. Specialists are on hand to help you withanalytical or methodological advice.

IN F O R M A T I O N SE R V I C E

For the latest figures for National Accounts, Balance ofPayments, Labour Force, Average Weekly Earnings,Estimated Resident Population and the Consumer PriceIndex call 1900 986 400 (call cost 77c per minute).

DIAL-A-STATISTIC

For current and historical Consumer Price Index data, call1902 981 074 (call cost 77c per minute).

CPI INFOLINE

A range of ABS publications is available from public andtertiary libraries Australia-wide. Contact your nearest libraryto determine whether it has the ABS statistics you require,or visit our web site for a list of libraries.

LIBRARY

www.abs.gov.au the ABS web site is the best place tostart for access to summary data from our latestpublications, information about the ABS, advice aboutupcoming releases, our catalogue, and Australia Now—astatistical profile.

INTERNET

F O R M O R E I N F O R M A T I O N . . .

small business in australia€¦ · services to mining: summary of operations by employer size...

Documents