GUIDED BY: PRESENTED BY :

RASHMI MAM ABBAS KIKALI BHUPINDERPAL SINGH

JUHI GUPTA RAHUL

KHANDELWAL DIWAKAR BHATI

A SLIDESHOW AS A PART OF CIRRICULUM OF 5TH SEM B.ARCH UNDER THE SUBJECT “SOCIOLOGY” IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2008

AAYOJAN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

“SLUMS & THEIR PROBLEMS”

WHAT ARE SLUMS EXACTLY ?

A dirty, unhygienic cluster of impoverished shanties with long lines of people crowding around a solitary municipal water tap, bowling babies literally left on street corners to fend for themselves and endless cries and found voices emanating from various corners.

Most of them are engaged in eking out their daily lives, always below the poverty line, by working as construction labourers, domestic helps, rag pickers and chhotus in neighbourhood dhabas.

In spite of poor conditions in slums, second generation residents who are not nostalgic about their rural background - feel that life in slum is reasonably tolerable and city life is

probably better than rural life.

HOW SLUMS WERE FORMED?

“Slums are the products of failed policies, bad governance, corruption, inappropriate regulations, dysfunctional land markets, unresponsive financial systems and a fundamental lack of political will.”

!! PROBLEMS FACED @ SLUMS !!

Improper sanitation, unhygienic environmental conditions, social, economic, health, educational and cultural problems and many health hazards.

IMPROPER SANITATION & HYGIENE

LACK OF BASIC AMENITIES

Lack of basic amenities like safe drinking water, proper housing,  drainage and excreta disposal services

Lack of sanitary conditions

Poor sanitary conditions and poor quality of water lead to illnesses like diarrhoea and other water borne diseases, affecting the life expectancy of slum dwellers.

Among water borne diseases, diarrhoea disproportionately affects children under the age of five.

Poor health among children adversely affects the attendance rate at schools.

Social problems

High unemployment

domestic violence

lured by the prospect of oblivion through alcohol or drug abuse

They fall deeper into poverty and the cycle continues.

Child labour

Many children in the slums start work at a very early age with no prospect of getting any education

rag picking ,selling newspapers in traffic jams, peddling drugs or begging.

risk of exploitation as well as all the health problems

Incest and abuse can occur and child marriages are still encouraged in some areas.

Internal and external corruption

The sheer volume of people living in slums causes them to be obvious targets for politicians wanting to increase their percentage of the vote.

Slum inhabitants are often promised all kinds of support and improvements in return for political allegiance, but their trust is regularly abused.

Gender Inequality

Male children are seen as a blessing and indulged in many areas of Indian society.

girls are seen as a drain on precious resources as they will one day get married and their contribution towards the family will end.

With that kind of start in life, it's difficult for women within the slums to find a voice.

Solutions

Countries need to recognize that the urban poor are active agents and can contribute to national growth.

Managing cities require local solutions

Local governments should develop strategies to prevent the formation of new slums.

Public investments must focus on providing access to basic services and infrastructure

Role of the government and the NGOs.

Proposed regulations which should be made by the government:

A minimum wage rate should be created for workers immigrating to town.

Computerized ID numbers should be allotted to the laborers for maintaining records.

ESI dispensaries and counseling services should be provided in dwelling areas. All labors should be centrally registered

Strict rules should be formulated  to prevent the misuse of funds.

Aim for 1 Lakh units of construction every six months. Import high volume construction machinery from China

for the speedy construction. Factories with a workforce of more than 100 labors should

have compulsory dwelling units. The accommodation facilities should be made available before the commencement of any project

Fading dark clouds Poverty, slums and urban squat

can be controlled in next couple of decades

Eight percent GDP growths is a good sign

With quadrupled GDP in 25 years, there is a good chance that the new and upcoming generation may stay away from slum dwelling.

Silver lining

The problems prevailing in slums

give us the challenge to rebuild a society

that is more equitable where

equal opportunities could be provided to

all for living with dignity.

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