slump of freshly mixed portland cement

7/23/2019 Slump of Freshly Mixed Portland Cement

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METHODOLOGY 1

32

Methodology

Materials/Equipment:

In doing this experiment, the following materials and

equipment are needed: cement, ne aggregates, coarse

aggregates, water, weighing scale, measuring steel tape (ruler),

mold in the form of lateral surface of frustum with a top diameter

of 1!mm ("in#), $ottom diameter of !%mm (&in#), and a height

of %'mm (1!in#), siee ($ista), $uc*et, tra, scoop, shoel, and a

tamping rod with a length of #+m (!"in#), diameter of 1+mm

('/&in#), and rounded ends#

rocedure:

-o $e a$le to do this experiment, rst, siee the neaggregates and coarse aggregates# .ext, weigh the materials

$ased on the needed mass (water, ne aggregates, coarse

aggregates, cement)# .ext, mix the concrete manuall (cement,

ne aggregates, coarse aggregates)# -hen pour some water# .ext,

dampen the mold and place it with its larger $ase at the $ottom#

old the mold rml in place $ standing on the two foot pieces#

-hen immediatel ll the mold in three laers# -amp it !'times

eer laer# -hen, immediatel remoe the mold from the concrete

$ raising it up carefull without lateral or torsional motion# (.ote:

the slump test must $e completes !#' minutes after ta*ing the

sample)# -hen, place the mold $eside the concrete and put the

tamping rod on the mold hori0ontal to the concrete# -hen nall,

measure the slump of the concrete using a ruler#

Computation (Trial 1)

ata:

esign 2riteria:

34c 5 16Mpa

Minimum dimension 5 1!mm



COMPUTATION (Trial 1) 2

32

2lear space $etween reinforcement 5 1 mm

2lear space $etween reinforcement and forms 5 6'mm

2ourse aggregate:

7ul* oen dr 89 5 !#+1

$sorption 5 #";

<en dr=rodded densit 5 1'> *g/m%

Moisture content 5 !#1&;

3ine aggregate

7ul* oen dr 89 5 !#"+

$sorption 5 #&;

Moisture content 5 %#'!;

3ineness modulus 5 !#6

8hape 5 su$ angular

Maximum aggregate si0e 5 !? ('mm)

.ote: esign is to $e used for plain footings

@se maximum slump

Step 1: Evaluate strength requirement

34c 5 16Mpa

.ote:

16Mpa A !1Mpa

@se: 34cr 5 34c B 6#

34cr 5 16Mpa B 6#

34cr 5 !"Mpa

Step 2: Determine the water!ement ratio

.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1# for the water=cement ratio -a$le 1# Dater=cement ratio

34cr Mpa(psi)F

Dater=2ement Catio $ weight.on=ir=Entrained

2oncrete

ir=Entrained

2oncrete16 (!') #+6 #'"!1(%) #'& #"+




32

!"(%') #'1 #"!&(") #"" #%'%1("') #%& GG%'(') GG GG

Ceferring to -a$le 1#,Dater=2ement Catio 5 #'1

Step ": Evaluate !oarse aggregate requirement

Maximum aggregate si0e 5 !? ('mm)

a# Maximum aggregate si0e determination

3orm imensions 5 1/' (1!mm)

5 !" mm H 'mm

2lear space $etween reinforcement 5 (1mm)

5 6'mm H 'mm

2lear space $etween reinforcement and forms 5 (6'mm)

5 '+#!'mm H

'mm$# .ominal maximum aggregate si0e 5 1 J? (%6#' mm)


.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#1 for the 3ineness Modulus -a$le 1#1

.ominal

Maximum

aggregate si0e,

mm(in#)

3ineness Modulus

!#" !#+ !#& %#

>#' (%/&) #' #"& #"+ #""1!#' (1/!) #'> #'6 #'' #'%1> (%/") #++ #+" #+! #+!' (1) #61 #+> #+6 #+'

%6#' (1 J)( #6' #6% #61 #+>' (!) #6& #6+ #6" #6!6' (%) #&! #& #6& #6+

1' (+) #&6 #&' #&% #&1




32


32

8ince there is no !#6 3ineness modulus in the ta$le, use

interpolation:

2.80−2.70

2.80−2.60=

0.71− x

0.71−0.73

K 5 #6!

-herefore:

L(course) 5 1'>*g/m% (#6!)

L (course) 5 11"'*g/m%

Step #: Determine air entrainment requirement

.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#! for the air=entrainment requirement

-a$le 1#!

.ominal Maximum ggregate 8i0e>#' 1!#' 1> !' %6#' ' 6' 1'

.on=air=entrained % !#' ! 1#' 1 #' #% #!ir=entrained Mild exposure "#' "# %#' %# !#' !# 1#' 1# Moderate exposure +# '#' '# "#' "#' "# %#' %# 8eer exposure 6#' 6# +# +# '#' '# "#' "#

Ceferring to -a$le 1#!

; olume of air 5 1;

Step $: Evaluate wor%a&ility requirements o' the plasti!

!on!rete

.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#%

-a$le 1#%




32

2oncrete 2onstruction8lump, mm(in#)

Maximum MinimumCeinforced foundation walls and footings 6'(%) !'(1)lain footings, caissons, and su$structure walls 6'(%) !'(1)7eams and reinforced walls 1(") !'(1)

7uilding columns 1(") !'(1)aements and sla$s 6'(%) !'(1)Mass concrete 6'(%) !'(1)

Ceferring to -a$le 1#%,

lain footings: Maximum slump 5 6'mm

Minimum slump 5 !"mm

Step : Estimate the water !ontent requirements o' the mi

8hape 5 su$angular

.ominal maximum aggregate si0e

.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#" and -a$le 1#'

-a$le 1#"

ggregate 8hape Ceduction in water content, *g/m%(l$/d%)8u$angular 1!(!)9rael with crushed

particles!1(%')

Cound grael !6("')

-a$le 1#'

8lump,

mm(in#)

.ominal Maximum ggregate 8i0e, mm(in#)

>#'(%/&) 1!#'(1/!) 1>(%/") !'(1)%6#'(1

1/!)'(!) 6'(%) 1'(+)

.on=air=entrained concrete

!'='

(1=!)

!6

(%')

1>>

(%%')

1>

(%1')

16>

(%)

1++

(!6')

1'"

(!+)

1%

(!!)

11%

(1>)

6'=1

(%=")

!!&

(%&')

!1+

(%+')

!'

(%")

1>%

(%!')

1&1

(%)

1+>

(!&')

1"'

(!"')

1!"

(!1)1'=16'

(+=6)

!"%

("1)

!!&

(%&')

!1+

(%+)

!!

(%")

1>

(%1')

16&

(%)

1+

(!6)=

ir=entrained concrete

!'='

(1=!)

1&1

%')

16'

(!>')

1+&

(!&)

1+

(!6)

1'

(!')

1"!

(!")

1!!

(!')

16

(1&)

6'=1

(%=")

!!

(%")

1>%

(%!')

1&"

(%')

16'

(!>')

1+'

(!6')

1'6

(!+')

1%%

(!!')

11>

(!)




32

1'=16'

(+=6)

!1+

(%+')

!'

(%"')

1>6

(%!')

1&"

(%1)

16"

(!>)

1++

(!&)

1'"

(!+)=

Ceferring to -a$le 1#" and -a$le 1#',

L(water) 5 1&1*g/m% 1!*g/m%

L (water) 5 1+>*g/m%

Step *: Determine !ementing materials !ontent and type

needed

Dater=cement ratio 5 #'1

L(water) 5 1+>*g/m%

ρ water

ρcement

=ratio

;

169 kg

m3

ρcement

=0.51

L (cement) 5 %%1*g/m%

Step +: Evaluate ,ne aggregate requirements

3or the computation of the percentage of mix, use the formula:

%x= ρ x

SG

( ρ

H 2

O )

water=

169 kg

m3

1(1000 k g

m3 )=0.169

cement =

331 kg

m3

3.15

(1000

kg

m3

)

=0.105

Air void=0.01




32

coarse=

1145 kg

m3

2.61(1000 kg

m3 )=0.439

-otal 5 #1+> B#1' B #1 B #"%>

5 #6!%

-herefore:

3ine 5 1 #6!%

5 #!66

L(ne) 5 89(xne)(L!<)

5 !#"+(#!66)(1*g/m%)

L (ne) 5 +&1*g/m%

Step -: Determine moisture !orre!tions

2ourse 5 11"'*g/m%

B 11"'*g/m%

(#!1&) 5 116*g/m%

3ine 5 +&1*g/m% B +&1*g/m%(#%'!)

5 6'*g/m%

Dater 5 1+>*g/m% = 11"'*g/m%(#!1&=#")

=+&1*g/m%(#%'!=#&)

5 1%*g/m%

Step 1.: Ma%e and test trial mies

2ement 5 %%1*g/m%(+#' x 1=% m%)

5 !#1'*g

Dater 5 1%*g/m%(+#' x 1=% m%)




32

O!E"#ATION (Trial 1) 1$

32

5 #&'*g

2oarse 5 116*g/m%(+#' x 1=% m%)

5 6#+1*g

3ine 5 6'*g/m%(+#' x 1=% m%)

5 "#'&*g

/&servation (Trial 1)

Dhile performing this experiment, we hae o$sered some thingsthat we should $e giing importanceN it ma aOect the experiment or

the data that will $e gathered# 3irst thing we hae o$sered is the ne

aggregates, it has too man ants and it seems to $e in 8urface r

condition# .ext thing that we hae o$sered is when we are mixing

the ne and coarse aggregates, cement and water, it seems that we

lac* in the amount of water $ecause the mix is not that paste li*e, it is

porous# lso when we lled !/% of the mold with the mix, the mold is

lifting as we tamp the mix on it resulting some of the mix to get out

under the mold# Pastl is in the later part of our experiment, we failed

to produce een an inch of slump, it ma $e the results of our

computation is wrong#



"ECOMMENDATION (Trial 1) 11

32

0e!ommendation (Trial 1)

In this experiment, seeral recommendations were needed in

order to o$tain great results#

• lwas wear ersonal rotectie Equipment (E) such as

gloes, shirt and other protectie equipment in order to $e safe

while performing the experiment#

• 2hec* if our computation for the required amount of materials

li*e coarse aggregates, ne aggregates, water and cement

follows our design criteria#

• o not forget to tamp our ortland 2ement mix !' times#

• @se -a$le 6#1 in getting the water cement ratio $ecause it giesmore accurate water=cement ratio than ta$le 6#!

• 8trictl follow the procedure of the experiment to get a great

result#

• @se moist aggregate $ecause if ou will use dr aggregate, it

will aOect the slump of the ortland cement mix#

• 2hec* the weigh if it has an accurac to #1

Do!umentation (Trial 1)



DOCUMENTATION (Trial 1)

12

32

T%& 'a * +%& ,-+ai-&r .a '&a/r&0 &*r& /++i- ,&'&-+- i+ a-0 '&a/ri- i+ aai-

A ,&r+ai- a'/-+ * *i-& ar&a+& .&r& +ai-&0 i&i-

A 459 * *i-& ar&a+& .&r& /+ i-+ +%& +&&l /,&+



DOCUMENTATION (Trial 1) 13

32

A 694 * ,ar& ar&a+& .&r&+ai-&0

T%& 'a+&rial -&&0&0 *r

,-,r&+& 'ai- .&r& la,&0- a *la+ /r*a,&

T%& la+ 'a+&rial -&&0&0

$88 * .a+&r .a r&ar&0




32


15

32

T%& 'a+&rial .&r& 'i&0 +%r/%l

T%& ,-,r&+& .a la,&0 i-+ +%&

'l0 +%r&& la&r: a-0 &a,%

la&r .a r00&0 25 +i'&




16

32

Computation (Trial 2)

ata:

esign 2riteria:

34c 5 16Mpa

Minimum dimension 5 1!mm

2lear space $etween reinforcement 5 1 mm

2lear space $etween reinforcement and forms 5 6'mm

2ourse aggregate:7ul* oen dr 89 5 !#+1

$sorption 5 #";

<en dr=rodded densit 5 1'> *g/m%

Moisture content 5 !#1&;

3ine aggregate

7ul* oen dr 89 5 !#"+

A l/' +&+ .a ,-0/,+&0 a*+&r +ai- /+ +%& 'l0




32

$sorption 5 #&;

Moisture content 5 %#'!;


8hape 5 angular

Maximum aggregate si0e 5 1? (!'mm)

.ote: esign is to $e used for plain footings

@se maximum slump

Step 1: Evaluate strength requirement

34c 5 16Mpa

.ote:

16Mpa A !1Mpa

@se: 34cr 5 34c B 6#

34cr 5 16Mpa B 6#

34cr 5 !"Mpa

Step 2: Determine the water!ement ratio

.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1# for the water=cement ratio

-a$le 1# Dater=cement ratio

34cr Mpa(psi)F

Dater=2ement Catio $ weight.on=ir=Entrained

2oncrete

ir=Entrained

2oncrete16 (!') #+6 #'"!1(%) #'& #"+!"(%') #'1 #"!&(") #"" #%'%1("') #%& GG

%'(') GG GG

Ceferring to -a$le 1#,

Dater=2ement Catio 5 #'1




32


32

Step ": Evaluate !oarse aggregate requirement

Maximum aggregate si0e 5 1? (!'mm)

a# Maximum aggregate si0e determination

3orm imensions 5 1/' (1!mm)

5 !" mm H !'mm

2lear space $etween reinforcement 5 (1mm)

5 6'mm H !'mm

2lear space $etween reinforcement and forms 5 (6'mm)

5 '+#!'mm H

!'mm$# .ominal maximum aggregate si0e 5 %/"? (1> mm)


.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#1 for the 3ineness Modulus -a$le 1#1

.ominal

Maximum

aggregate si0e,

mm(in#)

3ineness Modulus

!#" !#+ !#& %#

>#' (%/&) #' #"& #"+ #""1!#' (1/!) #'> #'6 #'' #'%1> (%/") #++ #+" #+! #+!' (1) #61 #+> #+6 #+'

%6#' (1 J)( #6' #6% #61 #+>' (!) #6& #6+ #6" #6!6' (%) #&! #& #6& #6+

1' (+) #&6 #&' #&% #&1

8ince there is no !#6 3ineness modulus in the ta$le, use

interpolation:

2.80−2.70

2.80−2.60=

0.62− x

0.62−0.64



COMPUTATION (Trial 2) 2$

32

K 5 #+%

-herefore:

L(course) 5 1'>*g/m% (#+%)

L (course) 5 1!*g/m%

Step #: Determine air entrainment requirement

.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#! for the air=entrainment requirement

-a$le 1#!

.ominal Maximum ggregate 8i0e>#' 1!#' 1> !' %6#' ' 6' 1'

.on=air=entrained % !#' ! 1#' 1 #' #% #!ir=entrained Mild exposure "#' "# %#' %# !#' !# 1#' 1# Moderate exposure +# '#' '# "#' "#' "# %#' %# 8eer exposure 6#' 6# +# +# '#' '# "#' "#

Ceferring to -a$le 1#!

; olume of air 5 !;

Step $: Evaluate wor%a&ility requirements o' the plasti!

!on!rete

.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#%

-a$le 1#%

2oncrete 2onstruction8lump, mm(in#)

Maximum MinimumCeinforced foundation walls and footings 6'(%) !'(1)lain footings, caissons, and su$structure walls 6'(%) !'(1)

7eams and reinforced walls 1(") !'(1)7uilding columns 1(") !'(1)aements and sla$s 6'(%) !'(1)Mass concrete 6'(%) !'(1)

Ceferring to -a$le 1#%,

lain footings: Maximum slump 5 6'mm




32

Minimum slump 5 !"mm

Step : Estimate the water !ontent requirements o' the mi

8hape 5 su$angular

.ominal maximum aggregate si0e

.ote: Cefer to -a$le 1#" and -a$le 1#'

-a$le 1#"

ggregate 8hape Ceduction in water content, *g/m%(l$/d%)8u$angular 1!(!)9rael with crushed

particles!1(%')

Cound grael !6("')

-a$le 1#'

8lump,

mm(in#)

.ominal Maximum ggregate 8i0e, mm(in#)

>#'(%/&) 1!#'(1/!) 1>(%/") !'(1)%6#'(1

1/!)'(!) 6'(%) 1'(+)

.on=air=entrained concrete!'='

(1=!)

!6

(%')

1>>

(%%')

1>

(%1')

16>

(%)

1++

(!6')

1'"

(!+)

1%

(!!)

11%

(1>)6'=1

(%=")

!!&

(%&')

!1+

(%+')

!'

(%")

1>%

(%!')

1&1

(%)

1+>

(!&')

1"'

(!"')

1!"

(!1)1'=16'

(+=6)

!"%

("1)

!!&

(%&')

!1+

(%+)

!!

(%")

1>

(%1')

16&

(%)

1+

(!6)=

ir=entrained concrete

!'='

(1=!)

1&1

%')

16'

(!>')

1+&

(!&)

1+

(!6)

1'

(!')

1"!

(!")

1!!

(!')

16

(1&)

6'=1

(%=")

!!

(%")

1>%

(%!')

1&"

(%')

16'

(!>')

1+'

(!6')

1'6

(!+')

1%%

(!!')

11>

(!)

1'=16'

(+=6)

!1+

(%+')

!'

(%"')

1>6

(%!')

1&"

(%1)

16"

(!>)

1++

(!&)

1'"

(!+)=

Ceferring to -a$le 1#" and -a$le 1#',L (water) 5 !'*g/m%

Step *: Determine !ementing materials !ontent and type

needed

Dater=cement ratio 5 #'1

L(water) 5 !'*g/m%




32

ρ water

ρcement

=ratio

;

205 kg

m3

ρcement

=0.51

L (cement) 5 "!*g/m%

Step +: Evaluate ,ne aggregate requirements

3or the computation of the percentage of mix, use the formula:

%x= ρ x

SG ( ρ H 2O )

water=

205 kg

m3

1(1000 kg

m3)=0.205

cement =

402 kg

m3

3.15

(1000

kg

m3

)

=0.128

Air void=0.02

coarse=

1002kg

m3

2.61(1000 kg

m3 )=0.384

-otal 5 #!' B #1!& B #! B #%&" 5 #6%6

-herefore:

3ine 5 1 #6%6

5 #!+%




32


32

L(ne) 5 89(xne)(L!<)

5 !#"+(#!+%)(1*g/m%)

L (ne) 5 +"6*g/m%

Step -: Determine moisture !orre!tions

2ourse 5 1!*g/m% B 1!*g/m%(#!1&)

5 1!"*g/m%

3ine 5 +"6*g/m% B +"6*g/m%(#%'!) 5 +6*g/m%

Dater 5 !'*g/m% = 1!*g/m%(#!1&=#")

=+"6*g/m%(#%'!=#&)

5 16*g/m%

Step 1.: Ma%e and test trial mies

2ement 5 "!*g/m%(6# x 1=% m%)

5 !#&1*g

Dater 5 16*g/m%(6# x 1=% m%)

5 1#1>*g

2oarse 5 1!"*g/m%(6# x 1=% m%)

5 6#16*g

3ine 5 +6*g/m%(6# x 1=% m%)

5 "#+>*g

/&servation (Trial 2)



O!E"#ATION (Trial 2) 25

32

Dhile performing the second trial of the experiment, the group

hae o$sered that the ne and coarse aggregates in the dump were

wet due to the rain that poured a night $efore# Dhile we4re mixing it

with cement and water, the group has noticed that it was $etter than

the rst trial which reall lac*ed amount of water# It has $een

assumed to hae a greater slump in the end of the trial# 7ut when

putting the mixtures into the cone, we had $een ta*en longer time in

accomplishing it, causing its water to go down until it spilled out the

cone# lso, we hae tamped it harder that intended the cone to lift up

and the group didn4t notice it immediatel so the water spilled#

Dhen the group alread agreed, we pulled out the cone and

measured its slump# It had slump as the group expected $ut it Qust

gae out less than % inches of slump which supposedl should $e in

the range of !=+ inches# -he group restudied the computation until found out that the gien

ta$le to $e used was the one that has a conseratie mix# <ne more

o$seration after the second trial is that the group consumed less

time in conducting it compared to the rst trial# it could mean that the

familiari0ation with the use of tools and equipment, as well as the

steps to $e followed also ta*es more time#

0e!ommendation (Trial 2)

In this experiment, seeral recommendations were needed in

order to o$tain great results#

• 2hec* if our computation for the required amount of materials

li*e coarse aggregates, ne aggregates, water and cement

follows our design criteria#

• 2hec* the weigh if it has an accurac to #1



"ECOMMENDATION (Trial 2) 26

32

• lwas wear ersonal rotectie Equipment (E) such as

gloes, shirt and other protectie equipment in order to $e safe

while performing the experiment#

• o not forget to tamp our ortland 2ement mix !' times#

• @se moist aggregate $ecause if ou will use dr aggregate, it

will aOect the slump of the ortland cement mix#

• @se -a$le 6#1 in getting the water cement ratio $ecause it gies

more accurate water=cement ratio than ta$le 6#!

• 8trictl follow the procedure of the experiment to get a great

result#

Do!umentation (Trial 2)



Sievin of fine a re ates




32

Mass of fine a re ates

Mass of

Mass of coarse aggregates




32

DOCUMENTATION

DOCUMENTATION

Mass of water




32

Manual mixing of concrete

The concrete was placed into the mold ; andwas rodded 25 +i'&



DOCUMENTATION

DOCUMENTATION (Trial 2) 3$

32

Con!lusion

etermining the slump of freshl mixed concrete is er essential

$efore $eginning the construction of a certain proQect for this will not

onl show the wor*a$ilit of cement $ut also the strength on which

the concrete is supposed to achiee as designing ta*es place# lot of

factors are to $e considered, ma*ing the designing er sensitie in

Determining the slump of the concrete



CONCLU!ION 31

32

eer aspect# single miscalculation in an of the ingredients4

quantit might aOect the whole design# @suall, admixtures (e#g#

plastici0ers) are mixed in the design so as to increase the slump#

oweer, no plastici0er was included in the design ma*ing the water=

cement ratio highl signicant#

-he experiment was done with two trials# -he rst trial gae no

slump at all giing the impression of a failure in water=cement ratio#

<n the other hand, the second gae a slump of approximatel 1#6'

inches which gae $etter results compared to the latter# oweer, the

two trials could still $e considered a failure despite the slump of the

second trial had for it did not een reached the criteria of slump for

wet concrete which is !=+ inches# s the computations were chec*ed

again, it was later noticed that the ta$le used for water=cement ratio

was wrong and so the concrete that was mixed was too strong as the

ta$le gies a design that is conseratie# -his satised the un*nownreason as to wh the trials failed despite haing the correct

computations and also implied that the concrete design was somehow

correct if iewed from ta$le used (-a$le 6#!)# -emperature was also

o$sered and itall contri$uted to the factors of the concrete4s

slump# -he used of alread moist aggregates, $oth ne and coarse,

aOect the design for moist correction was included in the design

process#

Dith reference to the design that was made for trials 1 and !,

the ingredients, the si0e of coarse aggregates particularl, that was

used on the actual experiment was a $it diOerent from what the

design required hence, aOecting the mixture and presuma$l one of

the cause in decrease of slump#

esigning a concrete is a *e role in the aspect of constructing a

proQect so eer aspect of it must $e chec*ed thoroughl# -he results

of the two trials might hae achieed the recommended slump and is

therefore concluded that the design is conseratie and not much

wor*a$le, thus impling that it is not economical to use for

construction#



CONCLU!ION 32

32

niversity o' the EastCaloo!an Campus

Eperiment $:

S3M4 /5 50ES637 M89ED 4/0T3;D CEME;T

<roup 1

Mem&ers:

Castro= >ames 6arvey

Duque= >ianne ;i!ole



Es!alante= >hunar

3im= ?im&erly

3ingad= Carmela Marie

4aso= 4ed&ert 888

0ivo= ?rista Mae

Engr@ >ohn 0ei <omeA

4ro'essor

slump of freshly mixed portland cement

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