Sl.No Unit Contents

1. Unit - 1 What is Open Source? , Why Open Source?

2 Unit – 2 What is Open Standard? - Why Open Standards?

3 Unit – 3 Peek into history

4 Unit – 4 Governance of Open Standard by community

5 Unit – 5 Current trend in Open Source Software around the world

6 Unit – 6 Showcases of Open Source Software

7 Unit – 7 Introduction to Domain specific Open Standards

8 Unit – 8 Legal issues in Open Source Software

Introduction to Open Source & Open Standards; & OSS Development Methodology

AJAY SINGH 1Dept of CIT-IBM

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Introduction to Open Source & Open Standards; & OSS Development Methodology

Unit-1

•What is Open Source? , Why Open Source?

•Definition

•A brief history about open source development

•The evolution of the open source movement

•Benefit of Free/Open Source Software

•Advantages and disadvantages of open source

•Open Source trends and perspective

•Split open source software / commercial products AJAY SINGH

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What is “Open Source Software”?

•Software whose source code is published and made available to the public

•Often built by a community

•Generally high quality, high performance software

•May be a reference implementation of an open specification

•Examples: Apache, Eclipse, Mozilla Firefox, Open Office, etc.

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What is an “Open Standard”?

• Published without restriction• Freely available for adoption by the industry• Control by an open industry organization• Implemented by offerings available in the market• Allows for an era of interchangeable parts …

of reduced integration cost• Examples: TCP/IP, HTTP, HTML, XML

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Hardware

Operating System

Application Server

Development Tools

Applications Applications

Database

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Development Tools – Eclipse

Application Server – WebSphere

Database – DB2

Operating System – Linux

How all of the tools and hardware integrate together

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•A more formal definition of “Open Source” can be found at http://www.Opensource.org.

• According to the Web site, the Open Source concept can be defined as follows:

“When programmers can read, redistribute, and modify the source code for a piece of software, the software evolves. People improve it, people adapt it, people fix bugs. And this can happen at a speed that, if one is used to the slow pace of conventional software development, seems astonishing.”

“Open Source Software”?

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•The community develops, debugs, and maintains. Participating in an Open Source community offers potential for strong personal rewards. It strengthens programming experience

•[Examples would be Apache Tomcat and Apache Geronimo.

•Additional examples:Gnome, Derby, Samba, SendMail, Geronimo, Web server, application development, desktop environment, browser, database (Cloudscape), productivity suit (Star Office), file/print server, mail server, and J2EE application server.

Nick Donofrio, Senior VP of Technology and Manufacturing at IBM, states “It is not about Free. It’s about Freedom. The freedom to collaborate. The freedom to innovate.”.

“Open Source Software” cont………

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“Open Standard”

IBM’s definition of an open standard.

An Open Standard is more than just a specification. The principles behind the standard, and the practice of offering and operating the standard, are what make the standard Open.

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-Availability: Open Standards are available for all to read and implement.

-Maximize End-User Choice: Open Standards create a fair, competitive market for implementations of the standard. They do not lock the customer in to a particular vendor or group.

-No Royalty: Open Standards are free for all to implement, with no royalty or fee. Certification of compliance by the standards organization may involve a fee.

-No Discrimination: Open Standards and the organizations that administer them do not favor one implementer over another for any reason other than the technical standards compliance of a vendor's implementation.

-Extension or Subset: Implementations of Open Standards may be extended, or offered in subset form.

-Predatory Practices: Open Standards may employ license terms that protect against subversion of the standard by embrace-and-extend tactics.

Principles of Open Standards

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FLOSS - Free, libre, open source software

“Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of 'free' as in free speech, not as in 'free beer'”.

free software is a philosophical concept that aims to convey the idea of software that can be used, studied and modified without any restriction

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OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE VS FREEWARE

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Advantages and disadvantages of open source

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Pros:

Open source software has lower monetary costs as development, support and license costs are fairly minimal when compared to proprietary software.

Open source is also the answer to the incompatible formats in proprietary software, because it only uses open standards, that is, standards that are known or are accessible to all the people.

don’t need anti-piracy measures, such as CD keys, product activation and serial keys.

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Cons:

Open source software has been focused to provide solutions to servers rather than to desktop computers. As a result, adoption in the desktop arena is much slower.

The advantages of OSS outweigh its disadvantages

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Open source trends and perspectives

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•A well known example is the LAMP stack – LAMP being Linux, Apache, MySQL® and PHP/Perl/Python

•Eclipse was developed by IBM in 2001, and donated to the open source community in 2004. Today, Eclipse is one of the widest IDEs in use worldwide.