1. INTRODUCTION TOPRESENTATION

2. TOPIC BIOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND OF ALEXANDER POPEHISLIFEFAMILYRELIGIONMARITAL STATUSEDUCATION 3. EDUCATIONAs Spence says,In some respects for not having a regular education, he read originally for the sense, whereas we are taught for so many years to read only for words 4. HIS WORKS Heroic Couplet Translation of Homer Satire 5. Essay On Criticism Essay On Man The Rape Of The Lock Pastorals Universal Prayer (ReligiousPoem) 6. HIS CONTEMPORARIES SWIFT ARBUTHNOT GAY BOLINGBROKE 7. THE AGE OF NEOCLASSICISM INTRODUCTIONRENAISSANCE VIEW OF MANDEFINITION OF MAN IN NEOCLASSICAL AGE 8. REPLACED IMAGINATION,INVENTION, ANDEXPERIMENTATION 9. Order and Reason Restraint Common SenseEMPHASIZES ON: Religious, Political, Philosophical. Economic Conservations 10. MANMost appropriate subject of ArtArt itself as essentiallypragmatic as valuable because itwas somehow useful,Something properly intellectualrather than emotional 11. NEOCLASSICAL ASSUMPTIONS ANDTHEIR IMPLICATIONBecausePastPresenthuman natureis constant.Nothing can please many, and please long but just representation of general nature.(Samuel Johnson) 12. Emphasized Common Human CharacteristicsNeoclassical artistsexpressNew effective ways Old truthsTrue wit is nature to advantage dressed,what often was thought, but never so wellexpressed.(AlexanderPope) 13. INFLUENCE OF CLASSICS Respect for past Wisdom of pastHumanHuman nature achievements is imperfect, are limited, so Human aims should also be limited. 14. SOCIAL THEMES READERS MEMBERS IFSOCIETYCHARACTERSNEOCLASSICALWRITERS 15. AGE OF REASON CLASSICAL IDEALSMODERATION ORDERINSPIRED THIS PERIOD Common sense ofsocietyEmphasize Individualimagination 16. REASONTraditionally assumed to be the highest mental faculty,But, considered it as a sufficient guide by many thinkers of this period. 17. Religious Morality Reason beliefs De- Revelation GraceemphasizedTo act rightly toMoralityones fellowbeings on earth. 18. Sharp and brilliant wit producedwithin the clearly defined ideals of neoclassical art.Focused on people in their social context.Worlds greatest age of comedy and satire 19. THEOLOGY OF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 20. POPES RELIGIOUSTHINKING Hisreligious thinking is prominentin his poetry. His poem Essay On Man showshis theology which is influencedby seventeenth centuryphilosophers. And Universal Prayer is said tobe short companion to the poem 21. ESSAY ON MAN It is a philosophical poem. Itis written in heroic couplets, published between 1732 and1734. Pope intended this poem to bethe centerpiece of a proposedsystem of ethics that was to beput forth in poetic form. 22. THEOLOGICAL CONCEPTS INTHE POEM ESSAY ON MAN AnthropocentricWorldview The Great Chain of Being Natural Laws Principle Of Plenitude Deism Characteristics Of Deism 23. ANTHROPOCENTRICWORLDVIEW This view regards humankind ascentre of existence. It is a world view that considershumans to be the most importantfactor and value in the universe. 24. THE GREAT CHAIN OFBEINGGOD ANGELICBEINGHUMANITY ANIMALS PLANTSMINERALS 25. NATURAL LAWS Universe as a whole is a perfectwork of God. Pope says that no matter howimperfect, complex, inscrutableand disturbing the Universeappears to be, it functions in a rational fashionaccording to the natural laws. 26. PRINCIPLE OF PLENITUDE Plenitudemeans fullness,abundance, completeness. To humans it appears to be eviland imperfect in many ways; however, Pope points out that thisis due to our limited mindset andlimited intellectual capacity. 27. Now the question arises that, if our mind haslimited intellectual capacity, than what is themessage behind this? 28. Pope gets the message across that humansmust accept their position in the "Great Chain of Being" which is at a middle stage between the angels and the beasts of theworld. If we are able to accomplish this thenwe potentially could lead happy andvirtuous lives 29. Deism is a religious philosophybecame prominent in 17th and 18thcentury. It holds that reason and observation of thenatural world.It can determine that the universe isthe product of an all powerful creator. 30. Diest typically rejects supernatural events.ProphecyIntervention Miracles of God 31. Characteristics Of Deism Conceptof reason. Argument for the existence ofGod. Deist mission. Freedom and Necessity Belief about immortality of thesoul. Deist terminology. 32. UNIVERSAL PRAYEREXPLANATION OF THE POEM AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS 33. Significance of the title. Stylistic features.Main theme. Figurative language 34. QUATRAIN 1 35. God is called father because he is theWhat Father suggests.creator, life giver, law giver and protector Alliteration of s is present in first stanza and thewords are saint, savage, and sage. The alliteration Alliteration of j is also present in the words Jehovah andJove. He is addressing to God who is in every age whether it is present orin old times, who is worshipped by or loved intensely by saint, byuncivilized men and by wise men and these different people Addressing belonging to different region has different names of God which is to God Jehovah, Jove, or Lord. 36. QUATRAIN 2 37. refers to theGreat Firstsubmission Causeto GodsWill,the great principle Free will embodied in the Essay did not imply blind determination,on the contrary, it recognizes free willNot tends. The poet is notasking the Cause towardsbecause his limitedintellectual capacity is fatalism unable to understand. 38. QUATRAIN 3 39. Nature fast that God knows everything because he is omnipotent, He knows what will happen. but, still he left the will free, which suggest that God does not intervene in thein fateprocess of this world. Dark, blind Imagery that God gave him light or sense to think and differentiate between good and bad despite of all the evilness in the world. God has given him reason to think He lefts on humans to choose for themselves. In thirdAlliteration stanza the alliteration of f is present and the words are fast and fate. there is allusion from Paradise Lost Book 9; left free Allusionthe human will" (line 351). But that is totally different from Miltons concept of free will. But the diction is exactly the same. 40. QUATRAIN 4 41. ImmortalityConscience Salvation of the soulmoral sense to choose good or evil or that sensewhich warns him This conscience teaches him to avoid hell more, or condemn intensely hell rather than going to heaven. for his better afterlife. He wants to shun the hell forever. 42. QUATRAIN 5 43. CONTENTEDNESSContentednessis theobedience of God 44. QUATRAIN 6 45. BENEVOLENCEGods blessings are notconfined only to man but,also other creatures areenjoying it. 46. QUATRAIN 7 47. DAMNATIONGod deals damnationaround the land oneach foe of God thatHe judges. 48. QUATRAIN 8 49. GODS GRACE Pope evidently believes that grace should more probably be associated with the sinner/non-believer of God than the righteous person. 50. QUATRAIN 9 51. TO ERR IS HUMANHuman beings arevulnerable to evil orwickedness. 52. QUATRAIN 10 53. SERVING HUMANITY Use of I and me The poets aspiration is to servemankind, to do pious deeds and toshow kindness to all human beings. Moreover he desires to hide and avoidthe faults and temptations he seesand to show mercy to others in thesame manner that God showed himmercy. Literary term- Anadiplosis: mercy 54. QUATRAIN 11 55. SELF-RECOGNITION The poet wants complete purgation ofhis soul. He can be mean sometimesbut he can still by corrected by Godsbreath. Anthropomorphism: Act of attributing human forms orquality to entities which are nothuman. 56. Senseof Agape or Caritas that isGods love with man and mans lovetowards God. Moreover he appeals to God to leadhis way whenever he goes throughthis days life or death. 57. QUATRAIN 12 58. PROSPERITY AND FAITH The poets ultimate wish is tohave his daily bread andpeace to his soul. Alliteration: Though knowst if bestbestowed or not 59. QUATRAIN 13 60. GODS GREATNESS Almighty God whose templeoccupies all the space, whosealtar includes the earth, sea andskies so, He says let all the living beingsraise up their voices and shouts ofpraise to God. Imagery: temple, earth, sea and sky. 61. CONCLUSION