slide 3.1 curtis/cobham © pearson education limited 2008 chapter 3 business information technology...
Post on 20-Dec-2015
215 views
TRANSCRIPT
Slide 3.1
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Chapter 3Business Information Technology
Lecture 1
Computer Hardware
Slide 3.2
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Historical Development ofComputing Technology
• Generations– first: mainframes, valves, assembly languages
– second: transistors, high-level languages
– third: integrated circuits, mini-computers
– fourth: VLSI, microchips, microcomputers, desktop computers, notebook computers,hand-held devices
Slide 3.3
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Hardware
• Functional components– input
– central processing unit
– secondary storage
– output
Slide 3.4
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Hardware (Continued)
Figure 3.1 Functional components of a computer system
Slide 3.5
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Input Devices, Media andData Capture Methods
• Keyboard• Multimedia input devices
– digital camera, webcam, video capture, scanner, voice data entry
• Optical character recognition (OCR)• Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR)• Bar-code readers
Slide 3.6
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Figure 3.2 Examples of optical character fonts: (a) OCR-A; (b) OCR-B
Input Devices, Media andData Capture Methods (Continued)
Slide 3.7
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
• Optical mark readers• Remote data entry using network technology• Swipe cards and smart cards• Touch screen• Magnetic tapes and disks, optical disks and
memory cards• Selection of appropriate media
– type, cost, speed, errors
Input Devices, Media andData Capture Methods (Continued)
Slide 3.8
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Figure 3.3 Examples of magnetic ink character fonts: (a) E13B; (b) CMC7
Input Devices, Media andData Capture Methods (Continued)
Slide 3.9
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Secondary Storage Devices
• Purpose of secondary storage– permanent record
– alternative to costly main memory
– security
– secondary input/output device
• Factors affecting choice– speed, capacity
– cost, robustness
Slide 3.10
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Secondary Storage Devices (Continued)
• Optical disks– CD-ROM
– CD-R (Worm disk)
– CD-RW
– DVD
Slide 3.11
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
• Optical disks
Figure 3.6 Reading data from a CD-ROM
Figure 3.7 Storage of 1s and 0s on optical media
Secondary Storage Devices (Continued)
Slide 3.12
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
• Magnetic disks– floppy disk
– hard disk
– exchangeable disk packs
• Magnetic tape– streaming
– archiving
Secondary Storage Devices (Continued)
Slide 3.13
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
• Magnetic disks • Magnetic tape
Figure 3.8 A typical magnetic disk Figure 3.9 An exchangeable disk pack
Secondary Storage Devices (Continued)
Slide 3.14
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Output Devices
• Monitor• LCD screen• Voice output synthesizer• Printers
– laser
– inkjet
– dot-matrix
– line printers
Slide 3.15
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Output Devices (Continued)
• Computer output on microfilm/microfiche• Output to magnetic disk/tape or optical disk• Factors affecting selection:
– type, cost, speed
– quality, storage, environmental
Slide 3.16
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Central Processing Unit
• Main memory– RAM and ROM
• Arithmetic and logic unit– registers
• Control unit– program execution
• Current issues in CPU design
Slide 3.17
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Central Processing Unit (Continued)
Figure 3.12 Part of a magnetic tape
Slide 3.18
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Chapter 3Business Information
Technology
Lecture 2
Computer Software
Slide 3.19
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Types of Software
• Programs– systems software
– applications software
• Applications– packages
– office suites
– tailored software
• Benefits and limitations
Slide 3.20
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Operating Systems
• Handling input/output• Backing store management• Main memory management• Job scheduling
– multiprogramming, multiprocessing
Slide 3.21
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Operating Systems (Continued)
Figure 3.14 The components of the central processing unit
Slide 3.22
Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008
Programming Languages
• Machine code• Assembly language• High-level languages• Language translation
– interpreting vs. compiling
• Object oriented languages• Scripting languages