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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories > Properties of Acids and Bases

Acids

Acids taste ____________, will

change the _____________ of an

acid-base ___________, and can

be strong or weak ____________

in aqueous solution.

19.1

Citrus fruits contain citric acid. Tea contains tannic acid.

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Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories > Properties of Acids and Bases

Bases

Bases taste _________, feel

_____________, will change the

_________ of an acid-base

_______________, and can be

strong or weak __________________

in aqueous solution.

19.1

Antacids use bases to neutralize excess stomach acid. The base calcium hydroxide is a component of mortar.


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Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases

Arrhenius said that acids are

_________________-containing compounds

that ionize to yield ________________

_________(H+) in aqueous solution. He also

said that _______ are compounds that

ionize to yield _________________ ions

(OH–) in aqueous solution.

19.1

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Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >19.1 Arrhenius Acids and Bases

Hydrochloric Acid

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Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases

Arrhenius Acids

• Acids that contain ________ ionizable hydrogen, such as nitric acid (HNO3), are called monoprotic acids.

• Acids that contain __________ ionizable hydrogens, such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4), are called diprotic acids.

• Acids that contain __________ ionizable hydrogens, such as phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are called triprotic acids.

19.1

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Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases19.1

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Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases

Arrhenius Bases

___________ ions are one of the products

of the dissolution of an __________

____________in water.

19.1

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Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories > Arrhenius Acids and Bases19.1


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Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

The Brønsted-Lowry theory defines an

__________ as a hydrogen-ion

_____________, and a ________ as a

hydrogen-ion _______________.

19.1

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Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

Why Ammonia is a Base

19.1

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• A conjugate acid is the particle formed when

a ______ gains a ________________ ion.

• A conjugate base is the particle that remains

when an ________ has __________ a

hydrogen ion.

19.1

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• A ______________ acid-base pair consists of two substances related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion.

• A substance that can act as both an acid and a

base is said to be ________________.

19.1

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Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases19.1

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A water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion becomes a positively charged hydronium ion (H3O+).

19.1


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Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories > Lewis Acids and Bases

Lewis proposed that an acid accepts a pair of electrons during a reaction, while a base donates a pair of electrons.

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Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories >Acid-Base Theories > Lewis Acids and Bases

• A Lewis acid is a substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

• A Lewis base is a substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

19.1


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Acid-Base Theories >


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Practice Problems for Conceptual Problem 19.1

Problem Solving 19.1

Solve Problem 1 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

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