Sleep Health

Presentation:Lar-el Garaguso,Kannov Kapoor,Lauren Welch, Vince Simone,

Brittney Morrison and

Matt Symuleski

Dr. Hatala

Sleep Patterns Among Rowan University Students

Research Question: What is the relationship between sleep health

and academic performance, nutrition, and car accidents among Rowan University students, ages

18-25

Hypothesis Sleep does in fact, cause students to be

drowsy Negatively affects GPA, academic

performance and student health & behavior

Negatively affects driving performance

Sleep Health & EducationSleep patterns appear to play a role in:

Optimum learning & cognitive ability Attention span and the ability to

understand Memory retention Decision making Learning and retaining new info.

Sleep Health & GPAAccording to the article: College students are most likely at risk for

lower GPA due to poor sleep patterns More sleep + consistent sleep schedules =

higher GPA Lab experimental studies show negative

effects for sleep deprivation Lack of sleep may cause: Motor skill

memory, attention span and problem solving

Sleep Health & GPAAccording to the article:

University’s have implemented sleep interventions to try and inform college students about the affects of quality of sleep & sleep patterns… Examples included: Sleep management

courses, lectures, group discussions, & self-evaluation

College Students Sleep Behavior and GPA

College students place themselves of greater risk of poor academic performance with bad sleeping habits

Sleep deprivation causes students to be tired, resulting in excessive daytime sleepiness

Sleep Problems have been associated with: Deficits in attention Poor academic performance Drowsy driving Risk taking behavior Depression Impaired social relationships Poorer health

Wolfson and Carskadon Study

Wolfson and Carskadon Reported: 50 college students were Surveyed

All deprived from sleep for 1 night

Students were then asked to solve math addition problems, with participants picking the questions to answer

Results Determined: After sleep loss, students picked the easier problems to solve Gives the notion that students who are chronically

sleepy limit their future options by choosing easier courses while in college

Recent Studies Discoveries 25%-50% of college students report

significant levels of daytime sleepiness Surveys and interviews reveal that

students have a strong interest in sleep, and discussions talking about sleep are a useful starting point to to address more sensitive issues of physical and mental health

Interventions targeted at improving sleep provides students to improve both health and academic success

Sleep Health & GPA According to the Journal of American

Health On average, students who had NOT

pulled an “all nighter” in the past week showed an overall GPA of 3.26

Compared with an average of 3.05 for those who did stay up all night and pulled an “all nighter”

Students also cited poor sleep as a significant factor that affected the quality of their coursework

How Does Sleep Affect Our Weight?

From 2004-2008 Australian children were monitored by how many hours they slept in correlation to their body mass index(BMI) and the amount of physical activity they do.

3,495 children were assessed, 5-15 years old The prevalence of obesity was 7.7% The mean of sleep duration was 9.5 hours. 23.9% slept less then

9 hours. Short sleep duration and obesity was linked between children

ages 5-10 years old. Among the younger age group, comparing 9 to 10 hours of sleep,

the prevalence of obesity almost doubled from 22.3% to 11.5% Short sleep duration and obesity was stronger in the younger age

group. (BMC-biomed public health)

The Link Between Sleep and Obesity

Adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night. Without the proper amount of sleep, hormone levels become altered

The hormone ghrelin, which tells the brain that we’re hungry, increases.

The hormone Leptin, which tells the brain that we’re full, decreases.

The average Leptin levels decreased 18% when sleep was restricted, and 28% with ghrelin.

In summation, when we don’t get enough sleep we feel like we’re hungry even if we’ve eaten enough.

The stress hormone cortisol surges when we’re sleep deprived. This surge causes us to crave high-fat and high-carbohydrate foods. (Chicago Tribune; Lack of Sleep contributing to obesity-Anne Stein, June 29,

2011)

More Studies Show… Out of 8,234 children, the odds of being

obese by age 7 increased 50% for children averaging fewer than 10 ½ hours of sleep.

58% of obese children averaged fewer than 8 hours of sleep.

11% of non-obese children averaged fewer than 8 hours of sleep. (Chicago Tribune; Lack of Sleep

contributing to obesity-Anne Stein, June 29, 2011)

Rise and Fall of Sleep Quantity and Quality Among

College Students This study was designed to follow

university students for about seven months during the academic year

Reports of sleep, affect, stress, academic effort, and social behavior were recorded throughout this time period

Surveys were paid each person receive CND$10.00 for each survey and an additional CND$5.00 for the final

Further Research Researchers found that if students got a good

night’s rest (8 hours or more) academic performance, physical health, and psychological well-being would be efficient with one another, yet few students don’t get sufficient sleep.

Studies show that the more negative affect days were related to more stressful and alcohol filled day, and less academic performance. And the positive affect days were related to less stress, better academic performance, more socializing among peers and alcohol use.

Relationship Between Sleep & Motor Vehicle Driving Performance Negative sleep habits increase the risk

for car crashes in adolescents Young adults are involved in two thirds

of all sleepiness related crashes Sleepiness is a leading cause of car

crashes in adolescents Study shows poor sleep quality with

sleepiness while driving increased risk of crash

Relationship Between Sleep & Motor Vehicle Driving Performance

The risk of road crashes is higher at night due to sleepiness

Blink duration and sleepiness indicators increased during night time driving

Sleepy driving was found to be related to reduced speed and leftward position on the road.

Line crossing on the road has shown to increase after sleep loss.

Sleep Health & Motor Vehicle Link

Sleepiness is regarded as a significant contributor to road crashes

Most estimates suggesting that at least 20% of all vehicle accidents are related to sleepiness

Sleepiness related crashes are likely to be more severe, and more often fatal, than other types of crash

Components of sleepiness-related crashes can include deficits in attention, vigilance and information processing while drowsy, as well as complete performance failure during small sleep episodes

Sleep Health & Motor Vehicle Link

One study in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine looked at Sleep Quality and Motor Vehicle Crashes in Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to look at and achieve a better understanding of sleep and driving habits and their relation with self-reported car accidents in adolescents.

This study shows how lack of sleep can have a direct impact on an adolescent’s body

Sleep Health & Motor Vehicle Link

In the study questionnaires (with items exploring driving and lifestyle habits) were distributed to 339 students who had a driver’s license and attended 1 of 7 high schools

In the study 19% of the sample reported bad sleep

64% complained of daytime sleepiness and 40% reported sleepiness while driving.

Sleep Health & Motor Vehicle Link

Eighty students (24%), 76% of which were males, reported that they had already crashed at least once.

15% considered sleepiness to have been the main cause of their crash.

The results in the study confirm that many students do not receive enough rest.

Bad sleep, sleepiness at the wheel, male sex and some unhealthy lifestyle habits increased the risk for car crashes among young drivers.

Do you feel you get enough sleep?• Never or rarely• Sometimes (1-2 a week)• Always (Every night)

Yes: 42.2%Yes: 51.6%Yes: 6.2%

Is it Hard to wake up in the morning?

Yes: 71.9%

Do you wake up tired in the morning?

Yes: 82.8%

Do you have trouble with sleepiness during the day?

Yes: 71.9%

Do you fall asleep in class? Yes: 29.7%

Do you have difficulty concentrating in school during the day?

Yes: 57.8%

PercentVariable

According to the University of Colorado School of Medication…

Our Study – Sleep Health

Total: 100 Participants Females: 40 40% Males: 60 60%

Class: Freshman: 20

20% Sophomores: 26 26% Juniors: 32 32% Seniors: 22 22%

Surveyed Percent

Our Study – Sleep Health Major:

Liberal Arts: 4 4% Communications: 7 7% Business: 8 8% Exercise Science 25 25% Biology: 8 8% Phys Ed: 10 10% Education: 13 13% Public Relations: 7 7% Engineering: 6 6% Sociology: 3 3% Criminal Justice: 3 3% Accounting: 4 4% Psychology: 2 2%

Participants Percent

Student Results: GPA

Sleep During Weekdays (Mon-Thur):

3-4: 3.1 5-6: 2.9 (3x), 3.0 (2x), 3.1, 3.4 (3x), 3.6, 3.7 (2x), 3.8 (2x) 7-9: 2.8, 3.0, 3.3, 3.4, 3.8

Sleep During Weekends (Fri-Sun):

3-4: 3.1, 3.3 5-6: 3.0, 3.1, 3.3 (2x), 3.7 (2x), 3.8 7-9: 2.8, 2.9 (3x), 3.4 (2x), 3.7, 3.8, 3.9

Hours

Hours

GPA (In Terms of Students)

GPA (In Terms of Students)

Class Skipped Due to Lack of Sleep – During the Week

3-4 hours 5-6 hours 7-9 hours

Never 0 Students 12 Students 3 Students

1-2 Classes 1 Students 1 Students 3 Students

3-5 Classes 0 Students 0 Students 0 Students

Dozing Off During Class - Weekdays

3-4 Hours 5-6 Hours 7-9 Hours

Often 10 students 5 students 15 students

Occasionally

2 students 35 students

Rarely 9 students 15 students

Never 9 students

Sleepiness During the Day due to Lack of Sleep

45 People answered yes 52 Answered Sometimes 3 People answered no

Motor Vehicle Accidents Due to Sleep

Question: How many people do you know between the ages of 18-25 who have been in a car accident while driving due to drowsiness?

No One: 53 people 1 Person: 31 people 2 People: 14 people 3+ People: 2 people

Breakfast

3-4 Hours 5-6 Hours 7-9 Hours

0 times 8 people 7 people 12 people

1-2 times 30 people 5 people

3-5 Times 38 people

Question: On average how many times per week this semester do you eat breakfast?

Eating Habits

3-4 hours 5-6 hours 7-9 hours

Yes 9 people 21 people 7 people

Sometimes 4 people 1 person 3 people

No 35 people 20 people

Question: Do you feel like you eat more than usual after a night of sleep deprivation?

37 People answered Yes, 8 answered sometimes, and 55 answered no*

Conclusion Due to the limited participants, Information

regarding the sleep results with GPA, and academic performance are varied and can not be concluded

Results are also the same regarding Nutrition and drowsiness while operating a car Need more participants to be surveyed Further research is needed for more

accurate results

Why should college students be interested in learning about sleep health?

Sleep health concerns all types of people

Sleep health based on previous scholarly research shows there is a link between sleep and the overall health of a person, including college students.

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