slavery and empire 1441-1770
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Slavery and Empire 1441-1770. Chapter 4. Slavery & Empire . The development of the slavery system The history of the slave trade and the Middle Passage Community development among Africans Americans in the 18 th century - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 4
Slavery and Empire 1441-1770
The development of the slavery systemThe history of the slave trade and the Middle
PassageCommunity development among Africans
Americans in the 18th centuryThe connections between the institution of
slavery & the imperial system of the 18th century
The early history of racism in America
Slavery & Empire
The Beginnings of African SlaverySugar & Slavery-Spain and
Portugal used African slaves to work their sugar plantations. Sugar and slaves were the centerpiece of the European colonial system.
West Africans-Hundreds of
different peoples lived on the coast of West Africa
They were sophisticated farmers
Local communities were organized by kinship
Movement of Africans across the Atlantic was the largest forced migration in world history.
Africans outnumbered Europeans immigrants 6 to 1before the 19th century.
Started 15th century and ended around 180712 million Africans transported to AmericaPeak period- 1701- 1810Twice as many men as women were enslavedAges 15 to 30
The African Slave Trade
The Middle PassageThe 2nd leg of the
Triangular Trade….from Africa to America. 1 in 6 Africans died during the passage across the Atlantic.
Top Deck
The Middle Passage Ship Blueprint
Society with SlavesChesapeake- slavery
was one of one form of labor
Chesapeake after 1675- slavery was the dominant form of labor
The Development of North American Slave Societies
Slave Society
North American Slave SocietiesThe tobacco
colonies- In the Chesapeake region (18th century), tobacco was the single most important crop. The increase in tobacco demand corresponded with the increased demand for more slaves.
The lower south- generally states were slaves states from their beginnings.
African to African AmericanFamilies- the most
important institution for the development of the African American community and culture.
Kinship was formed by slaves living and working together…..fictive kinship.
Culture- 18th century important to development due to high birthrate of country born African Americans.
Religion- The Great Awakening
Music and danceLanguage- Gullah
and Geechee
Acculturation worked both ways. Many English in the colonies were being Africanized as well.
Africanization of the south
Africanization of the SouthFoodReligious leadershipMedical magicWoodcarving,
metalworksChild rearing
Violence & ResistanceResistance to slaveryMalingeredMistreated tools and
animalsDestroyed propertyRan away in
maroonsEstablished fugitive
communities & networks
Revolted- NY 1741
Contributed to the economic development in 3 ways:
Profits from slavery generated a source of capital investments…banks, insurance companies, canals, harbors.
Supplied the raw cotton needed for the Industrial Revolution…led to the formation of many jobs
Created a huge market for exports.
Slavery & Empire
Definition- An economic system in which the government intervenes in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth.
Political control of the economy by the mother country.
The Politics of Mercantilism
The Politics of MercantilismViews the economy as a
“zero-sum game” where total economic gains were at least equal to total losses.
The goal was to acquire & hoard the fixed amount of wealth in the world.
The nation with the most wealth, would be the most powerful.
Navigation ActsLaws that defined the
colonies as supplier of raw materials and market for English goods.
Other nations were forbidden to trade in the colonies and goods could be shipped in English ships only
Goods that could only be shipped to England: sugar, molasses, rum, tobacco, rice, indigo, furs, skins, tar, turpentine. These were often called enumerated commodities.
British Colonial Regulation
Enumerated Commodities
Salutary NeglectThe idea that any laws or regulations that was contrary to good business were ignored or not enforced. Both the colonies and Britain made huge profits.
British Colonial Regulation
The colonial society benefitted planters, merchants and white colonists.
Northern port cities were had a tight commercial relationship with the South. The North provided shipping, banking and insurance services. The institution of slavery contributed to the growth of the North.
The Colonial Economy
The Colonial EconomyColonial exports:Chesapeake
colonies: tobaccoSouth Carolina: rice
and indigoMiddle Colonies:
wheat
In what ways did colonial policies encourage the growth of slavery?
Slavery & Freedom
Slavery & Freedom Southern Social
Structure: Small elite of wealthy planters.
½ of all white adult makes were small planters & farmers.
A substantial portion of colonists owned no land or slaves.
Upper class- slave-owning eliteHad large
plantations with over 100 slaves.
Influenced the politics, economy and social rules of the South.
Had a very distant relationship with slaves.
Slavery & FreedomMiddle class land owners
Whites used legalities to create distinctions between them and slaves:
1670- Free Africans couldn’t own Christian slaves
1680- Slaves couldn’t a white person1691- Slaves & whites couldn’t have
interracial sexual relationships
White Skin Privilege