skyways magazine june 2014

june 2014

TM

Airlink touches down in Skukuza

Kruger Experience

FIFA World Cup Golf tips from the pros Motoring Soweto’s resurgence Business advice Tech review Inflight entertainment Cycling for a cause Buy your own Bond experience

insight for executives on the movejune 2014

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june 2014

TM

Airlink touches down in Skukuza

Kruger Experience

FIFA World Cup FIFA World Cup FIFA Golf tips from the pros Golf tips from the pros Motoring Motoring Soweto’s resurgence Soweto’s resurgence Business advice Business advice Tech review Tech review Tech review Inflight entertainment Inflight entertainment Inflight entertainment Cycling for a cause Cycling for a cause Cycling for a cause Buy your own Bond experience Buy your own Bond experience Buy your own Bond experience

insight for executives on the movejune 2014

Your free take-home copy - exclusive to Airlink passengersYour free take-home copy - exclusive to Airlink passengers

The Kruger experience from pg 24

Wave your flagAt last month’s Indaba I happened to hear Wavin' Flag by Somali-Canadian artist K'naan ringing through the exhibition hall. It immediately sparked up nostalgia and took me back to June 2010 when the entire world’s attention was focused on South Africa as we hosted the FIFA World Cup.

To date, it is the most successful FIFA World Cup ever staged – an achievement this young democracy can be proud of. On and off the football pitch we put on a show that thrilled the world. More importantly, it allowed scores of visitors to return to our shores to experience the warm hospitality and the unique tourist offerings in South Africa such as the Kruger National Park.

That is why I am excited by the fact that Airlink will commence flights to Skukuza in the Kruger National Park from 2 June. Read all about the new flight offering and see the flight schedule on pages 10 and 84 respectively. It’s great news for local and international travellers who want to plan a stay in South Africa’s most recognised national park. It’s also great news for the local tourism industry which is so instrumental in socio-economic upliftment in the country and one of the top three contributors to our GDP. We may never host another major sporting event on the scale of the FIFA World Cup, but we are blessed with an abundance of natural wonders that will make any vacation a memorable stay. Let’s keep waving that flag and welcome our visitors with open arms and a friendly hello in one of our 11 official languages.

Enjoy your flight.

Gerard PeterEditor-in-Chief

insight for executives on the move

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Kasane, Botswana.Airlink fl ies direct from Johannesburg to Kasane daily, offering you an exclusive African river safari experience. For your return journey, connect with Airlink’s direct fl ights between Livingstone and Kruger. Enjoy an early morning walk to the Falls and an evening game drive in Kruger. Through our alliance with SAA you can enjoy convenient connections with SAA, their Star Alliance Partner airlines and other carriers throughout Southern Africa and the world. Earn Voyager Miles and book your fl ight direct on www.fl yairlink.com or your Booking Agent.Spread your wings, fl y Airlink – Freedom of the African sky.

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Image courtesy Sanctuary Retreats

Pemba

Nampula

Antananarivo

Ndola

Lusaka

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Tete

BulawayoBeira

Polokwane

Gaborone

Phalaborwa

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Manzini

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KimberleyUpington Bloemfontein Pietermaritzburg

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contentscontents

SPOTLIGHT24 The Kruger experience Airlink touches down in Skukuza58 The beautiful game FIFA World Cup kicks off

TAKE-OFF 10 Message from the CEO12 Fishing in the desert Angling in the Orange River14 Hot and happening Events calendar16 In brief News from around the world20 Panorama The world from behind the lens84 Flight schedule Your Airlink timetable

GREAT ESCAPES28 A pioneering spirit Exploring Mpumalanga32 Soweto The transformation of a former

apartheid hotbed

24 out of africa

58 going for goal

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contentscontents

62 built tough

cook club 66

cycling for a cause 54

36 John Dunn The legendary white chief of Zululand76 Focus The Northern Cape

EXECUTIVE DECISION40 Ask the law Employees’ rights and company policy42 Tough call What to do when your business faces

financial pressure44 Executive woman Conflict resolution in the workplace46 Tech review Latest news from MIT48 App your life Your new marketing tool50 Power up Africa has the resources for

sustainable energy

TIME-OUT54 Barking up the Spine of the Dragon Cycling for a good cause62 Five-star off-roading Driven: New Toyota Prado66 Winter warmers Recipes to keep the chill away70 Through the grapevine Starting a wine collection72 Book reviews Latest reads74 Can you solve it? Battleship and Sudoku puzzles88 In the swing Improve your game 90 Shoot and score Musings about the World Cup92 A word or two Interesting facts about the

Football World Cup94 Quiz Put your grey matter to the test 96 Talespin When a lizard turns into Godzilla

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U N L I M I T E D L U X U R Y U L T I M A T E E X C L U S I V I T YAt Hyde Park Corner Shopping Centre you’ll discover more luxury brands than anywhere else in Africa, these include Alexander McQueen, Rolex, Chopard, Tom Ford, Victoria Beckham, Giorgio Armani, Michael Kors, Ralph Lauren, De Padova, Hermes, Diane von Furstenburg to name a few.

Along with famous names come some high end addresses: Burberry, Porsche Design, Thomas Pink, Wolford, Mont Blanc, Liu Jo, Luminance Multi-brand Luxury Department Store.

International Supermodel, Yasmin Warsame, Closed the Marc Jacobs show at the Hyde Park Corner Fashion Weekend 2013

Cnr Jan Smuts Ave and William Nicol Drive │ Hyde Park │ Sandton │ Johannesburg │ South AfricaTelephone: +27 11 325 4340 │GPS Co-ordinates: E28º 01’ 58” S -26º 07’ 27”

www.hydeparkcorner.co.za

Airlink is honoured and delighted to be able to participate in the Skukuza Airport Public Private Partnership venture together with SANParks, and proud to have invested in the Skukuza Airport Management Company, which has developed and will operate the new Skukuza Airport for the next 10 years. Airlink is equally proud to be the designated provider of scheduled air services at Skukuza, linking Skukuza with the major hubs of OR Tambo International Airport and Cape Town International Airport and thereby with the world.

As from 2 June, the new airport will reopen to scheduled air services designed to provide inter-airline connectivity at the hubs at times that will facilitate seamless travel from the far-flung corners of the earth to Skukuza. Convenient road transfers will bring access to nearby end destinations, including exclusive private lodges, and air transfers will be on standby for a short air hop across the Sabi Sands Reserve

to provide easy access to the private lodges that are further away from Skukuza Airport and therefore less accessible by road.

Airlink is looking forward to working with our partners: Lion Sands will be providing hospitality services and ensuring an extraordinary retail experience, Federal Airlines will be providing connecting air transfer services between Skukuza Airport and the lodges, and AVIS will be offering car rental services and road shuttle services between Skukuza Camp and the airport.

Much thought and care has gone into the design and construction of the new terminal building so that Skukuza Airport will leave its visitors with indelible memories of its iconic presence as the epitomic gateway to the pristine natural environment. The design balances form with function, specifically catering for ergonomic creature comforts aligned with those highly appealing aspects typical of upmarket bushveld game lodges. The form nestles integral with its host – the pristine flora and fauna. And the function ensures a smooth, warm and efficient transition between the aircraft and the relaxation imbued by the lodge dwellings, while fully respecting the environment.

While Skukuza Airport aims to run profitably and to return the development capital to its investors, the ultimate beneficiaries of its wellbeing, pivotal on customer throughput, will be the local communities in and around the Skukuza area. Each customer visiting Skukuza Airport will contribute a small levy towards community development.

The new Skukuza Airport will facilitate improved quality and quantity of air service access to the Kruger Park and the neighbouring private game lodges, at affordable prices, while responsibly investing in community social upliftment.

Text | Rodger Foster, CEO Airlink Photography | Shutterstock

Rodger Foster, CEO Airlink

From the CEO’s deskThe re-establishment of Skukuza Airport as a gateway to the Kruger National Park and to the nearby privately owned commercial game lodges is of great strategic significance to South Africa.

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The estimated number of people who blow-dry their pets after a bath

The world population in 5,000BC

25%5 million

Confidence is to some extent instilled in the drive, as from KwaZulu-Natal you traverse through some of the most remote areas in the Free State until you get to the Northern Cape. Then the landscape becomes arid, almost barren, and you realise that you are actually travelling to the desert to find fish. That is until you reach the magnificent Augrabies Falls and the sight of this spectacular river launches you out of your seat.

Craig from Kalahari Outventures had invited us to experience the private section of river that was linked to the brand new Tutwa Lodge. It is, to say the least, an incredible set-up – one that, if it wasn’t for the fish that beckoned, we wouldn’t have moved out of. The trip was

to take us three days, canoeing down the river, camping and fishing, with absolutely no cellphone reception. It spelled total bliss.

There was a mixed bag of anglers: Thommo the artlure specialist, Jeremy the fly guru, Michael Peterson the great all-rounder, Brad, Gareth and our mate Kev to keep the trip fluid.

The mission was to use every varied technique in the world of artificial lure angling to prove or dispel the many myths that surround the yellow fish endemic to this system. Populations of fish are impossible to ascertain, but you quickly realise that you have a sanctuary on your hands when you land the quantities of fish that we encountered. In fact it wouldn’t be unfair to compare our army of anglers to the invasion of Iraq, in so far as we had an arsenal that would have anything with fins running for cover, and the resistance from whatever we targeted was soon overwhelmed. Thommo was throwing everything from plastics to Rapala lures and jamming the big small-mouth yellows in numbers. Jeremy was mono-nymphing in the faster water and

For more information or bookings contact

www.wildflytravel.com or 033 266 6966

Fishing in the desertThe WildFly Team takes on the mighty Orange

you’re never sure what to expect when you fish a

river thousands of kilometres from its source. In today’s disposable world, you expect the worst, especially when it happens to be the largest river in South Africa, near which millions of people reside.

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The longest recorded length of a person’s nose

South Africa’s average annual rainfall

19cm 450mm

literally lost count of the fish that fell prey to his lumo tungsten caddis imitations. Peterson had tied some incredible WildFlies on the Fish Skulls and Scalpen Heads, which the large- and small-mouth yellows just couldn’t leave alone.

We stopped fishing for small-mouths after day one, focusing on the deeper water, reeds and rocky areas with larger patterns, looking for those resident large-mouth yellows that are found in the Orange in significant numbers. But it mattered not, regardless of where we fished or how large the lure or pattern was, it didn’t deter the bigger small-mouth yellows from attacking.

That said we still notched up over 40 large-mouth yellows on the trip, which naturally paled in comparison to the 350-plus small-mouths, with around 50 barbel keeping us well entertained.

There is normally a certain finesse and craft required to catch these fish, but if the truth be told it mattered very little what pattern we strapped on or how we fished it. Naturally, the standard technique of drifting two nymphs with little use of your floating fly line was

incredibly effective, but so was ripping and stripping a streamer pattern on a sinking line through slow-moving water. ‘Heathens’ you might mutter, but when sauntering downstream in a canoe to your next base camp, it’s really horses for courses. Of course, sight casting to rising fish, inducing them to take a dry, is everyone’s preference and when this opportunity arose it was pounced upon.

The scenery in which we found ourselves fishing was as unique as it was spellbinding with such different fauna and flora to admire. The river guides Dibs and Jody were magic, managing to conjure up some incredible meals on the fire (even a full roast one evening), but they were outshone by Charmaine at Tutwa Lodge who really belongs on MasterChef. Craig and his team are incredible guides, having managed to keep us afloat and on track the entire trip – no easy task with our motley crew.

It is a trip of a lifetime, ideal for friends and families alike and one that I’ll be diarising to do every year.

Text | Gareth George Photography | Supplied

Choose to fly Airlink from Johannesburg or Cape Town to Upington where the Kalahari Adventures team will happily fetch clients. This means more time on the water where we love to be

See flight schedule on page 84www.flyairlink.com

How to get there

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The only time on record that snow has fallen on the Sahara Desert

Languages are spoken in Africa

18 February 1979 1,000+

social buzz. It is 10 days filled with exciting events in intimate venues: cozy coffee shops, small art galleries, restaurants, wine cellars and tasting rooms. 6-16 June 2014 Hermanusi www.hermanusfynarts.co.za

Miles of Smiles Half MarathonThis is a popular run that coincides with Wacky Wine Weekend. The course takes you on a scenic tour through the town of Robertson. The first 10 men and women receive gold medals, the next finishers up to position 50 will receive silver medals and all other finishers who make the cut-off time of three hours will receive bronze medals. 7 June 2014 Langeberg High School, Robertsoni 076 540 1613

Feast of Shiraz and Charcuterie in HartenbergA select group of winemakers will be showcasing their wines at this indulgent day of Shiraz and charcuterie. Together with some of the country’s finest charcuterie masters, cheese makers and olive enthusiasts visitors will be able to experience a food and wine pairing feast.

7 June 2014 Hartenberg Estatei [email protected]

Cape Town Book FairThe Cape Town Book Fair is South Africa's main event for the promotion of books. Created in 2005, it takes place annually under the authority of the Publishers' Association of South Africa. This event will be an extravaganza of literary entertainment for both book lovers and the book world.

13-15 June 2014 Cape Town International

Convention Centrei 011 549 8300

E A S T E R N C A P E

ABSA KirkwoodWildlife FestivalThis event attracts more than 45,000 visitors annually to the picturesque Sundays River Valley in the Eastern Cape. It is also the first and only festival to include a mix of over 300 specialist stalls, agricultural and wildlife expos, supervised kiddies’ play areas, ‘wild rides’ and live entertainment. 27-29 June 2014 Kirkwoodi 042 230 0066

K W A Z U L U - N ATA L

Comrades MarathonThe world’s greatest ultra-marathon, 89km long, the

Comrades is a South African institution, internationally recognised for the body-sapping challenge it poses and the camaraderie it fosters among its thousands of participants. 1 June 2014 Pietermarizburg City Halli www.comrades.com

Marketing Indaba Durban The Marketing Indaba welcomes both professional marketers, as well as interested beginners, who thrive off sponging ideas and gaining inspiration. It features more than 16 industry leaders that will educate and enlighten, while covering all aspects of marketing and its discipline. 5-6 June 2014 The Oysterbox Hotel, Umhlanga Ridgei 021 854 4700

CALENDAR

G A U T E N G

Sasol Bird FairThe Sasol Birds and Birding Fair, the biggest of its kind in southern Africa, attracts birding enthusiasts from all over South Africa. The theme of the 2014 fair is 'Going Inland to Save Our Seabirds' and the fair aims to get bird-watchers together to both celebrate birds and have a good time while heightening a public interest towards the need for protecting birds and their habitats and to support bird conservation projects. 7-8 June 2014 Parkview, Johannesburgi 083 636 1060

Juliet Cullinan Standard Bank Wine Festival Discover 40 handpicked, iconic Cape wineries displaying traditional, innovative, rare and unique labels. Tickets cost R180 per person if booked online and R200 at the door. This includes a wine glass, catalogue and an evening of unlimited tastings. 10-11 June 2014 Summer Place, Hyde Parki www.julietcullinan.co.za

W E S T E R N C A P E

Hermanus FynArtsOne of a kind, Hermanus FynArts is a fusion of festival and winter school; a blend of visual, intellectual and creative stimulation with a vibrant

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The amount of time Leonardo da Vinci spent painting the Mona Lisa's lips

The world ranking of Cape Town’s blue sky according to the UK’s National Physical Laboratory

12 years fifth

Top Gear FestivalThe Top Gear Festival Durban returns to the Moses Mabhida Stadium, once again bringing the global television phenomenon to life in a two-day festival extravaganza featuring Jeremy Clarkson, James May, Richard

Hammond and The Stig. Festivalgoers can expect a day packed full of entertainment both on and off the track at this year’s event. 21-22 June 2014 Moses Mabhida Stadiumi www.topgearfestivaldurban.co.za

M P U M A L A N G A

Antiques Fair Umbali will be hosting the first Lowveld Antiques Fair in aid

of the SPCA. The world-renowned antiques valuators Stephan Welz & Co will do valuations at no charge but donations towards the SPCA are requested. Prof Alex Duffey from the History Department of the University of Pretoria will be hosting a talk and doing some valuations on historical artefacts. 2 June 2014 Umbali, Nelspruiti 071 675 9045

The world record for continuous pogo-stick jumping

The length of South Africa’s coastline

The length of the longest earthworm ever found. It was discovered in KwaZulu-Natal

41 hours 2,798km 6.7m

take | off

The year the first MBA programme outside of the USA was started by the University of Pretoria

The number of rivets in the Eiffel Tower

1949 2.5 million

H E A LT H

Plastic surgeons bamboozle passport controlWhen people go under the knife for plastic surgery they hope to come out of the operation looking a bit different and a lot better. They usually do not, however, anticipate looking so different that they are unrecognisable.

Some of South Korea’s plastic surgeons are so talented that they are leaving their

patients with an unexpected problem, it has been claimed. Those who have flown in from abroad to have the operations are, in some cases, so transformed that they are struggling to get through passport control on the way home.

According to Korean sites Onboa and Munhwa, some hospitals have resorted to handing out ‘plastic surgery certificates’ to patients to enable them to get home. These certificates are said to include the patient’s passport number, the name of the hospital they were treated at and the length of their visit to South Korea.

While hospitals have been aware of the problem for a number of years, it is said to be becoming an increasingly common issue. In 2009, 23 Chinese women are said to have struggled to return to China from South Korea after undergoing surgery.

The women were stopped at passport control

because they were noted to have bigger eyes, higher noses and slimmer chins than were shown on their passports. South Korea is rapidly becoming the home of plastic with one in every 77 South Koreans going under the knife or needle in a bid to improve their looks.

Source: Daily Mail

G E O L O G Y

Did humans reach Europe earlier than suspected?Modern man left Africa earlier than previously thought and in multiple waves, rather than the one previously believed to have occurred, new research has found.

A team of researchers led by the University of Tübingen’s Professor Katerina Harvati

analysed skull shapes to show that anatomically modern humans spread from Africa to Asia and Europe in several migratory movements. The first ancestors of today’s non-African peoples probably took a southern route through the Arabian Peninsula as early as 130,000 years ago, the researchers found.

Scientists have previously suggested the exodus from Africa started between 40,000 and 70,000 years ago, although stone artefacts dating to at least 100,000 years ago that were recently uncovered in the Arabian Desert suggested that modern humans might have

begun their march across the globe earlier than once suspected. Most scientists agree that all humans living today are descended from a common ancestor population which existed 100,000 to 200,000 years ago in Africa.

Source: Daily Mail

T R A V E L

The name’s Bond…A UK travel company is offering the ultimate day out for James Bond fans: the chance to step into their hero’s shoes and master the skills required to become an elite British Secret Service agent.

A range of 007, To Be Bond experiences has been launched by Exsus, which combines

special forces and secret service training with glamorous European locations.

Would-be spies will be trained by ex-special forces members, some of whom helped actor Daniel Craig to prepare for his film role as Bond. Prices start at R118,000 per person for a one-day Operation Explosive Entry experience in the UK, and go up to almost R2 million per person for the ultimate four-day Operation Connery. The range of ‘missions’ includes hostage rescue at a glamorous location outside Prague.

As the name suggests, the package involves rescuing a hostage or valuable item while clearing a building room by room using covert intelligence techniques. You’ll also be required to tackle the enemy and overcome any hidden booby traps in the process.

The company also offers trips to GoldenEye Jamaica, the former home of James Bond author Ian Fleming. The writer penned all 14 of his James Bond novels at the luxury resort near the town of Oracabessa, where rooms now cost up to R1,000,000 per night.

Source: Daily Mail

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South African cities were voted among the world’s Top 100 Most Liveable Cities in a 2010 study conducted by Mercer Human Resource Consulting. Cape Town was ranked 86th and Johannesburg 90th

two2.5 million

S C I E N C E

Just add water and say cheersA US company has developed a powdered alcohol product that has been approved by US regulators and is poised to hit stores in the coming months.

‘Palcohol’ is made by an Arizona company called Lipsmark and will come in six

varieties of single-drink pouches. Drinkers can stir in simple water for a

shot of rum or vodka, add cola or orange juice for a mixer or create a cocktail – a Cosmopolitan, Mojito, Margarita or Lemon Drop. The company said the product will be sold to people of legal drinking age and could even be sprinkled on food.

A patent for the mixture is pending. In response to consumer inquiries about whether the product could be snorted, the company described the askers as ‘goofballs’ and said it would take half a cup of powder to equal one drink. Powdered alcohol has already been approved for sale in Japan and some European countries.

Source: Daily Mail

S P O R T

Germans can turn up late for work after World Cup matchesGermans are stereotypically known for their efficiency in the work place, but that’s all set to go out of the window when the World Cup kicks off this month.

While most of us will be struggling with

our sleep-to-work ratio during those 1am kick-offs in Brazil, German workers can have their feet up. That’s because worker’s unions are

close to pushing through an agreement with many major employers so that staff can turn up late for work – if they’ve been watching the football.

“It would be a noble move by employers if they showed a bit of flexibility during the World Cup,” said one union chief to Bild newspaper. “For Germany games after 10pm, work should start later. Employers and work councils should talk about rearranging shifts if needed so their staff can enjoy the World Cup games.”

A number of organisations have already switched shifts for some staff who were due to start at 6am normally, but others are tipped to follow suit in the coming weeks.

Source: metro.co.uk

Get the answerJust in case our puzzles are sending you around the bend, here are the solutions. Puzzles can be found on page 74.

BattleshipMediumEasy

SudokuChallengingEasy

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The University of Cape Town’s ranking in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings

126thThe weight of Bhutan: A Visual Odyssey Across the Kingdom, the largest book ever published

60kg

N AT U R E

Nessie spotted on Apple MapsA group of Loch Ness Monster enthusiasts say they've sighted the legendary Scottish beast via satellite images on Apple Maps.

The creature, which purportedly is seen periodically in Scotland's Loch Ness, was

spotted this time by members of the Official Loch Ness Monster Fan Club using the Apple software. They have been puzzling over the dubious image for the past six months.

Excitable spotters say the low-resolution

image can't be anything other than ‘Nessie’, which looks to have large flippers and a long, ghostly white silhouette. "We’ve been looking at it for a long time trying to work out exactly what it is," said Gary Campbell, president of the club, in a local UK newspaper. "It looks like a boat wake, but the boat is missing. You can see some boats moored at the shore, but there isn’t one here. It's pretty large, so it's not a seal or an otter. It's also not a whale or basking shark as some people claim, because they wouldn't go in fresh water."

Sceptics, however, have been quick to point out the Apple Maps image looks an awful lot like a boat wake. Mick West of Metabunk.org, a site devoted to investigating and debunking ‘mysteries’ of this sort, maintains it's a boat wake, but says the boat is barely visible because of the low contrast in the Apple Maps image.

Sightings of the Loch Ness Monster date back at least 1,500 years to a carved stone

Of your bones are located in your feet

25%Houses have been built each day for the poor in South Africa since 1994

435

in northern Scotland which depicts "a strange beast with an elongated beak or muzzle, a head locket or spout, and flippers instead of feet."

Source: Huffington Post

S P O R T

Cape Town marathon sets its sights on the world majorsAlready host to a legendary cycle tour and a world-famous ultra-marathon, Cape Town is now seeking to raise its sporting profile as host to a classic Olympic 42.2km marathon.

I nvigorated by a new partnership between the City of Cape Town, Western Province

Athletics (WPA) and ASEM Running, the 2014 Cape Town Marathon will be the first year of a focused, long-term development plan which is endorsed by two of South Africa’s sporting

greats, Francois Pienaar and Elana Meyer. The World Marathon Majors was launched in

2006 by the Boston, New York City, Chicago, London and Berlin Marathons as an innovative series offering a $1 million prize purse split between top male and female marathon runners in the world. Last year, the Tokyo Marathon was accepted as the sixth race in the World Marathon Majors.

The Cape Town Marathon will take place on 21 September 2014. The new route will provide runners with a unique car-free experience of the city’s stunning natural and cultural attractions such as the 12 Apostles, Camps Bay, Clifton, the Company Gardens, Parliament, the Bo-Kaap, the City Hall, the Castle of Good Hope, District 6, the V&A Waterfront and Table Bay. The event is an official qualifying race for the 2015 Old Mutual Two Oceans and Comrades Ultra-Marathons.

Source: Supplied

T E C H N O L O G Y

Edutainment on the riseAs more and more children turn to iPads and other devices, South African artist and entrepreneur Danielle Orkin has devised a local app called Monster Moogle.

Aimed at chil-dren aged

four to 12, the app includes an interactive sto-rybook, which

allows the story to come to life using sound and colourful animation. The Monster Moogle Collage Maker also allows kids to create their own characters and write their own short stories. You can buy the app via iTunes.

Source: OfficeLife.co.za

The re-establishment of Skukuza Airport as a gateway to the Kruger National Park and to the nearby privately owned commercial game lodges is of great strategic significance to South Africa.

panorama

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Gondolas moored at Saint Mark's Square in Venice, Italy. St Mark's Square is the principal public square of Venice and it is reported that Napolean once called it the drawing room of Europe. The gondola is a traditional, flat-bottomed Venetian rowing boat, well suited to the conditions of the Venetian lagoon. For centuries gondolas were the chief means of transportation and most common watercraft within Venice. In modern times the iconic boats still have a role in public transport in the city, serving (ferries) over the Grand Canal. In the background is the San Giorgio di Maggiore church built between 1566 and 1610.

Sunset boulevard

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Quest for knowledge

A The grave was roughly 2.5 by 1.20m and

was cut from stone.A Two other baby bottles were found in the grave, as well as pots, plates and jars.A The man and woman were probably from a

wealthy family.

7ARCHAEOLOGY

Ancient baby bottle has a rattleT he only thing missing

from this baby bottle (pictured) is a rubber teat. With 2 huge painted eyes, the ancient infant feeder, found in Italy, looks more like a piggy bank than a bottle. What’s more, it has a built-in rattle. Archaeologists were able to hear little stones inside the bottle when they shook it.

They found the bottle in the region of Apulie in a grave in the ancient town of Manduria. The skeletal remains indicate that a man and woman were buried there. There is also a possibility that a child was buried with them, as the grave contained 2 little statues that were often buried with little girls. 7BODY

Why do hobbitsalways win?I t seems improbable that the little hobbits in the books of JRR Tolkien

always win against enormous armies of orcs and trolls. But there is an excellent explanation for that, according to doctors at the Imperial College in London (UK). They put it down to vitamin D. In The Medical Journal of Australia they described the lifestyle of Tolkien’s heroes such as hobbits and dark folk like Gollum. They analysed what they eat and how much time they spend outdoors. Guess what? There are at least 15 different dishes on the menu of the hobbits that they grow in their gardens, while the baddies mostly eat meat and fish while living underground. The conclusion: evil loses because of a lack of vitamin D, which results in weaker muscles.

7TECHNOLOGY

Slow coach explores wreckS ome robots look like

little animals. This one (pictured) is based on a turtle. Why? It is an animal that excels in manoeuvrability, which is a useful characteristic for exploring shipwrecks. The U-Cat can swim in

all directions with its 4 independently moving flippers without disturbing the seawater, sand and silt and without ruining the site. The little robot was developed in Estonia at the Tallinn University of Technology. It is hoped that it will become a safe and cheap alternative for human divers.

This U-Cat has no hands to pick up sea treasures, just like a real turtle.

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Shorts Ahead of the curve

the magazine that surprises

for knowledgeproudly brought to you by

7NATURE

The bumblebee colonises South AmericaI t looks a bit fluffy, innocent

and a bit slower than its cousin, the honeybee. However, the bumblebee is setting up camp in South America at the expense of the region’s indigenous species. Scientists are ringing emergency bells at ETH Zurich. The bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) was introduced in greenhouses in 1998 in Chile to help pollinate crops. A number of these insects that originate from Europe escaped and spread rapidly, at about 200km per year, in a southward direction over the continent. The local bumblebee (Bombus dahlbomii)

is taking strain wherever its European counterpart appears. This could well be because of a parasite that the bee carries with it. Researchers wonder if the rise of the hairy insect can still be stopped.

It may seem cute and innocent, but Bombus terrestris is not welcome in South America.

Gollum looks a lot unhealthier than the

average hobbit.

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A A bumblebee is actually a bee, only much larger and very hairy.A With a body length measuring 3cm, the South American bumblebee is the largest in the world.

Shorts Ahead of the curve

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Braintainment has a clear focus to introduce you to the entertaining world of knowledge through intelligent content on technology, science, culture, history, health, psychology and much more … and presents them in a unique way compared to other magazines. Braintainment is a quirky read that connects knowledge with entertainment and is your trusted companion on your ongoing quest for knowledge.

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The country is globally known for its wildlife. The popularity of South African game reserves outsmarts even the biggest and most unique national parks abroad. So, why do people search for the phrase ‘Kruger Park’ over 300,000 times monthly? Why is one of the most online viewed videos the 'Battle at Kruger'? Is it because of the different animal species, the accommodation or its climate?

One of the aspects where the Kruger National Park differentiates itself from others must be its history. The land that formerly accommodated nomads who hunted the ground gave way to the Europeans in the beginning of the 18th century. In that dark period of history, Europeans hunted down thousands of elephants, which almost resulted in the extinction of the wild elephant in South Africa. President Paul Kruger introduced a motion to government to create a safe haven for elephants as well as other exotic species. In 1898 the Government Wildlife Park was established. It extended in the following years to receive the name of Kruger National Park in 1927. That's the year the first public visitors arrived.

Today the park covers more than 18,989km2 and crosses 350km from north to south and 60km from

wildlife documentaries make for fascinating viewing and always make one marvel at

the wonders of nature, whether it is the flora and fauna, the giant pachyderms or the smallest of rodents. And there are few places on earth where all of this is can be viewed in real life in one region like South Africa.

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dreamingAfricanThe allure of the Kruger National Park

east to west. The park is located in the north-eastern part of South Africa, in the provinces Limpopo and Mpumalanga. The Sabie River is the most famous one running through the park.

When nature callsIf it's not the history of the park, its popularity might have something to do with the diversity in plants, mammals, birds, reptiles and people you find on your Kruger National Park safaris. The Kruger has six different eco-systems that house almost 2,000 species of plants. Even more, 517 different species of birds can be found at the park of which 253 are natural residents.

However, for the most part hordes of tourists come to the see the mammals and reptiles in the Kruger Park. Not only does it house the Big Five (lion, leopard,

rhino, buffalo and elephant), it has 147 species running in and out of bushes. Main attractions include buffalo, black and white rhinos, zebras, bushbucks, cheetahs, elands, giraffes, kudus, hippos, lions, leopards, hyenas, elephants, waterbuck, wildebeest, impalas and crocodiles.

From 2 June Airlink will offer flights to Skukuza Airport, Kruger National Park. See the flight schedule on page 84www.flyairlink.com

How to get there

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In addition, the Kruger has plenty of accommodation to suit any tourist budget. There are rest camps, lodge facilities and hundreds of accommodation possibilities in the surrounding area.

Tour guideThe park is popular due to its large and diverse population of animals, but it is best known for the safaris that it offers. The Kruger can offer you a pure African adventure and a safari that is custom-made to your expectations and requirements. Safaris are some of the most sought-after holidays in Africa and finding the one that suits your time, travelling party and budget perfectly is easy and absolutely essential.

The Kruger National Park offers a range of safaris, ensuring that everyone is given the opportunity to experience the wildlife and find the safari that is best suited to them. The most popular safaris are game drives hosted by professional trackers and drivers who have vast experience and knowledge of the park and its wildlife. Other safaris include those that focus on bird-watching, photography, finding the Big Five, some are designed for children, and some are disability friendly.

If you are staying in a lodge in the park or in its surrounding areas, game drives led by professional trackers and guides are an incredible way to experience a Kruger Park safari. The benefits of this route of game viewing are immense, the most dominant being that you'll have an experienced and knowledgeable guide to take you around the park and inform you about what you're seeing and what you wouldn't otherwise have noticed. You'll have your own personal tracker to help you find the animals that you're looking for and it's likely that your vehicle will have a radio which informs you when a great sighting has been made so that you can go join others in seeing it.

If you are visiting the park with a specific motive, such as for photography, bird-watching or to help educate your children on wildlife and nature, you can find a safari that will aid you in this mission. If your Kruger Park safari of choice is to drive your own vehicle, guide books and recommended schedules can be found online, at the park or your accommodation’s reception centre. If you are entering the park with high hopes of a specific sighting, a guided tour is most likely to be more beneficial than a self-driven Kruger Park safari. Tour guides know where and how to find a bird or animal and where the best photographs can be taken. Specially designed children safaris allow your children to participate in activities with other children, while learning about the environment and animals they are seeing. This option gives parents the opportunity to go on longer game drives without their children getting bored or restless.

If you are planning a Kruger Park safari, without a doubt you'll be able to find one that suits your needs, expectations and schedule. Regardless of whether you're staying in the park or outside of its gates in the surrounding villages, you will be able to enjoy the park and customise how you experience it. No doubt your experience will be thrilling and magical, leaving you satisfied and planning a return to one of South Africa’s most alluring tourist attractions.

Text | Kathi Simon Photography | Shutterstock

Bare essentials• The winter months (May to August) are possibly the best time to enjoy your

Kruger National Park safari. These months are dry months where traditionally there is no rain. The vegetation is less dense at this time of the year and the temperature more comfortable, being less hot. This allows for better game spotting and the animals roam more freely enjoying the cooler weather. The permanent waterholes attract many animals so it is worth waiting at a waterhole, as suddenly an elephant may stroll along for his morning ‘tea break’. The early mornings and evenings can be chilly at this time of the year, so warm jackets for your game drives are essential.

• During the summer season, the rainfall creates beautiful scenery with lush and green vegetation. Although it’s perhaps a more difficult time to spot game, the game drive vehicles are situated higher off the ground allowing for a bird’s eye view. Birdlife is at its best at this time of the year for those keen bird spotters. Baby animals are usually born in the months of November and December, so this is a good time to spot those baby lion cubs.

• The best way to dress for your game drive is to layer your clothing. Wear a lightweight t-shirt, and take along a jersey as well as a fleece or windbreaker. This allows you to adjust to the varying temperature changes during the day.

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SANParks welcomes scheduled flights to Skukuza

Commencing in June 2014 the Kruger National Park will again be accessible via Airlink direct scheduled service to and from Skukuza airport. Located in close proximity to the Skukuza main camp, the airport is unique in providing

direct access into one of the world’s largest protected wildlife areas. For more information go to: www.saairlink.co.za/skukuza

www.sanparks.org Reservations (012) 428 9111 or e-mail [email protected]

Today, Mpumalanga is considered to be one of the most geographically diverse and unbelievably beautiful places in South Africa. People are drawn here by the picturesque scenery, by the fauna and flora and by the saga of the 1870s gold rush era and a wealth of fascinating tribal legends. Mountains, panoramic passes, valleys, rivers, waterfalls and forests characterise the landscape.

This is also big game country, the setting for dozens of sanctuaries teeming with wildlife and birds. Here you can visit the world’s most famous game reserve, climb the world's third-deepest canyon and explore the world's oldest cave. The entire province offers great

Top: Peter Schrider was declared endangered

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‘A pioneering spirit.’ That is Mpumalanga’s pay-off line and this is evident in the history and heritage of the province. Mpumalanga has played a pivotal role in the development of South Africa and beyond. From a geological perspective, it was the ripping away of Antarctica and Madagascar at the Blyde River Canyon that caused the continent to tilt upward, ridding it of the great inland sea that is now the Highveld. Mpumalanga has the oldest rock formations known to man, providing proof beyond doubt that this is the cradle of humankind.

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panoramaA journey through Mpumalanga

Africa’s

opportunities for birdwatching, hiking, horse riding and fishing. Here are a few must-sees for any visitor to Mpumalanga.

Loskop Dam Nature ReserveLoskop Dam is known as the largest dam in the Southern Hemisphere and it doubles as a nature reserve for wildlife and plant life. It is also the only place in Mpumalanga where you can take a game drive on the water and possibly see three of the big five: the buffalo, the leopard and the white rhino. You can also hike around Loskop Dam and see the spectacular flora and fauna.

Sudwala CavesThe Sudwala Caves are regarded as the oldest caves in the world. Go on the Crystal Tour, which takes you 2,000m below into the heart of the caves. The aim of this tour is to reach the Crystal Chamber, which has spectacular aragonite crystals. While you are at the Sudwala Caves you can also go to the Sudwala Dinosaur Park where you can see life-size models of prehistoric dinosaurs along with real-life Nile crocodiles.

Fly fishing at DullstroomDullstroom is the capital of fly fishing in South Africa. It is a cold little town, but it is also cosy and misty, making you feel like you are stepping into a foggy fairytale. Here you can enjoy still water river fishing with a chance to catch rainbow and brown trout. For antique lovers, The Clock Shop in Dullstroom has the largest collection of clocks in the Southern Hemisphere. Browse through their collections of delicately crafted mantel clocks, wooden clocks, cuckoo clocks and cabinets.

Dullstroom also has the largest collection of whiskey in the Southern Hemisphere. Go on a whiskey tasting tour and learn about ‘the water of life’ from three self-confessed whiskey fanatics.

Gold panning at Pilgrim’s RestPilgrim’s Rest is a little town that is lost in the 1800s. The town is small enough for you to explore it on foot. Don’t miss a visit to Mrs. Macs and see how local Ndebele ladies manufacture traditional artworks. Every September the town plays host to the annual Gold Panning Championships. This is a fun family event where the first person to find a nugget is the winner.

Blyde River CanyonThe Blyde River Canyon is the largest green canyon in the world. It stretches over 26km and is over 800m deep.

Did you know? Mpumalanga is home to some of the oldest natural formations on earth

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Explore the area during a one-hour microlight flight over the Blyde River Dam and over the canyon returning towards Hoedspruit, where game can be viewed from the air.

For those who prefer to explore by water, take a guided boat trip to the rare Kadishi Tufa Waterfall and the Three Rondavels where you will see wildlife and learn about the natural history of the Blyde River Canyon. There’s plenty for adrenaline junkies as well, such as tubing down the lower Blyde River. This is an hour-long adrenaline rush with wild rapids in places where the water level is high. Those a bit more daring can abseil down a cliff next to the Blyde Dam Wall and enjoy the scenery.

Kaapsehoop Ghost ToursTake a step into the realm of the paranormal. The small, misty mountaintop town of Kaapsehoop is renowned for its ghosts, including a child who cries out with a bloodcurdling scream and the ghost of a widow who occupies the veranda of the local pub. It is said that this ghost murdered her husband with an axe.

Rock artVisit the Nkomazi Game Reserve and see rock art sites that date back more than 300 years. These ancient pieces of rock art depict the spiritual beliefs and lifestyle of the nomadic San people.

The Elephant Museum The Elephant Museum in the Letaba Camp within the Kruger National Park captures the history of human and elephant interaction within the park. The museum also educates visitors on the evolution, biology and behaviour of elephants.

Shangaan villageA visit to the Xintu Village will teach you about the Shangaan culture, food and way of life. The centre of the village is a market at which you can buy arts and crafts and sample traditional meals. The village’s most popular event is the Evening Festival in the Chief’s Kraal.

Ndebele villageGroblersdal is a part of the Cultural Heartland and is well known for the multi-coloured art of Ndebele culture. You can recognise the Ndebele tribe by the vibrant symmetrical patterns painted on their homes and their intricate jewellery. The Ndebele tribe is known for their warm spirit, beautiful beadwork and crafts.

The Jane Goodall InstituteThe Jane Goodall Institute teaches you all about the chimpanzees that the organisation has rescued. This tour is an hour long and afterwards you can enjoy refreshments at the restaurant.

Text | Mpumalanga Tourism Photography | Media Club South Africa

Make sure you visit the Shangaan Village

to experience the culture of these

indigenous people

Panorama RouteMpumalanga’s Panorama Route draws in thousands of tourists every year thanks to the stretch of unspoiled beauty that it offers. The route is an area of cultural heritage set against a backdrop of dramatic landscapes. The area has exquisite waterfalls, the Blyde River Canyon and the Echo Caves. The path is encircled by moving green hillsides and there are several lookout points where one can stop to take in the area's scenery. Most of them offer breathtaking views of the valleys, ravines and also forests in the region. The Panorama Route has a number of cascading waterfalls which make for excellent photo opportunities. God's Window is a lookout point along the Panorama Route which provides visitors a particularly idyllic view of the Lowveld as well as the escarpment within the mist belt.

See flight schedule on page 84

www.flyairlink.com

How to get there

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ELEPHANT POINT SKYWAYS NEW 11/12/13 10:06 AM Page 1

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From

strugglesuburbiato

Soweto has undergone a remarkable transformation in the last 20 years

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Getting its name from the apartheid designation of South Western Townships, Soweto was built as a shanty town on the edge of Johannesburg. It was essentially a dumping ground for black citizens, far from work and the white suburbs. Between 1955 and 1958 the government, vigorously implementing its racial segregation policies, moved thousands of black South Africans from the city to Soweto.

As with all townships, it was ignored by the former regime. Its dusty roads were unpaved and untreed. Tiny matchbox houses were built out of a mix of iron, wood and brick. Backyard shacks and informal settlements marked the place, which at over 200km2 is the largest township in the country. By 2003, Greater Soweto consisted of 87 townships.

Today it is almost unrecognisable. It’s an economic hub of activity with a fully-fledged upper, middle and lower social class. Its roads are tarred and trees shade its many green spaces.

Since 1994, a huge amount of work has gone into developing Soweto and reintegrating it into the city.

More than 100,000 houses have been built or refurbished in the township over the past 20 years, with many getting water, electricity and sanitation connections. Residential property is now booming, with the highest average prices in the affordable housing market segment countrywide.

Over the past 20 years retail space has grown from less than 60,000m2 to 220,000. Five new major shopping malls with major retail anchor tenants have been established, including the flagship Maponya Mall.

A new tourism spine has brought in over one million visitors keen to explore and understand Soweto's role in the struggle against apartheid. The spine links the Vilakazi Street precinct, where tourists can see the house museums of Soweto's two Nobel Peace Prize winners, Nelson Mandela and Archbishop Desmond Tutu, with the Hector Pieterson Memorial and Museum, the 12km June 16th Route, the Regina Mundi Parish Church – the gathering point for protest meetings and refuge from the apartheid brutalities – and loops back to Kliptown, where the Freedom Charter was signed.

Other tourist attractions include the Oppenheimer Tower, the Credo Mutwa Cultural Village and the

Orlando Towers, colourfully painted former cooling towers, which offer spectacular views of the city and heart-stopping bungee jumps. The township also hosts the Soweto Open tennis tournament, the Soweto Marathon, and the Soweto Wine Festival, among other regular events that draw crowds of thousands.

Home of the people’s gameSoweto has produced the highest number of professional soccer teams in the country. The Orlando Pirates, Kaizer Chiefs and Moroka Swallows all have their roots in the area and remain among the leading teams in the Premier Soccer League.

Sport is big in the area. The FNB Stadium, the country's largest stadium, can be found here. Known as Soccer City during the FIFA World Cup in 2010, for which it was purpose-built, it is the centre of football in South Africa.

Converting hostels into homesApartheid's migrant labour system relied on men transported far from their homes into the city, where they would live and work far from their families. These labourers were often housed in single-sex hostels. Today, the Johannesburg Housing Company is busy converting these structures into comfortable family homes.

Once such development is Orlando Ekhaya, an affordable rental housing project. Here the city of Johannesburg has invested some R130 million in high-density family flats in the Soweto suburb of Orlando. Orlando Ekhaya is being constructed in three phases, with the first phase, converting a single-sex hostel into 102 family dwellings, completed in 2011. The next two phases, to be completed this year, are to convert a further 76 family homes, and build 112 new four-storey walk-up units on vacant land near the former hostel.

Soweto has embarked on a massive infrastructure programme

the vast township of Soweto, once

the centre of violence and turmoil in the struggle against apartheid, has become something of a scenic tourist attraction in the 20 years since the end of apartheid.

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Going green Johannesburg is known as the world's largest man-made urban forest, with some of its trees dating back to the early 1900s. But while the city itself was green, for decades Soweto was drab and dusty, with only a few trees planted in the 1950s. The Greening of Soweto project, launched in 2006 with the planting of 6,000 trees – and an ultimate aim of half a million – is perhaps the city's biggest green revolution.

Since then more than 200,000 new trees have been planted and six new ecoparks built. In 2008 Nelson Mandela planted the 90,990th tree on his 90th birthday. The aim is for a further 300,000 to be planted by 2016. The greening project has received two separate gold awards at the UN Liveable Community Awards, one in 2008 and again in 2010.

Boom time for businessA number of neighbourhood shopping centres were developed in the 1980s around Soweto, but it was only in 1994 that Soweto's first major shopping complex was built in Dobsonville. In 2005, the Protea Gardens Mall opened, followed by the Bara Mall in

Diepkloof, adjacent to the hospital and taxi rank, and in 2006, the Jabulani Mall.

The following year, Soweto's homegrown millionaire Richard Maponya opened the township's first mega mall, the 65,000m2, R650 million Maponya Mall on Chris Hani Road. In 2012, the city of Johannesburg opened the state-of-the-art Soweto Theatre as part of a multimillion-rand investment in Jabulani. It includes the R320 million shopping mall, the 300-bed Jabulani Provincial Hospital, and a residential area with three- to five-storey walk-up blocks of flats. The hospital was built to alleviate pressure on clinics and on Bara, the only government hospital in the massive township.

Business facilities in Soweto are also being considered and the provincial government has partnered with Century Property Developments to establish a R1.6 billion industrial park in Diepsloot.

The once dusty and desperate streets of Soweto are being turned into a tidy city of their own, complete with all the facilities and amenities needed for modern life.

Text | Romaana Naidoo Photography | Media Club South Africa

Maponya Mall is the areas first mega-mall

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T: +27 (0)35 901 3111 E: [email protected]: www.rbm.co.za

The legendary pioneer who had 48 wives and fathered 117 children

Great White ChiefThe

of Zululand36

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imagine being the close friend of a king,

owning three homes on a huge tract of land, servicing 48 wives and fathering 117 children – and then being forced to give it all up for political reasons.

Such was the lot of John Dunn, confidant of King Cetewayo of the isiZulu nation for 22 years, whose local knowledge helped the invading British win the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879.

Dunn was a famous colonial renegade who turned his back on the white settlers of early Natal when he ‘went native’ and decided to live in Zululand with his mixed-race sweetheart, unaware that he would later be branded a turncoat when threatened with financial ruin unless he complied with Britain's wishes.

His colourful but significant life, which reads like a Rider Haggard adventure novel, made the controversial Dunn a famous character in the latter part of 19th century Africa when several white hunters adopted native customs and took black wives or concubines.

His father, Robert Dunn, was born in the town of Duns, Scotland, in 1795 and sailed for South Africa in 1820 to settle on the Eastern Cape frontier. He became clerk to a merchant in Grahamstown and in 1824 married Anne Biggar, daughter of prominent 1820 settler Alexander Biggar. Soon after the Dunns moved to Port Natal (now Durban) in 1834, John was one of the first of the white settler children to be born in the fledgling outpost. He was the third of the Dunns' six children, two of whom died in infancy.

Robert Dunn established himself as a hunter, trader and storekeeper and became prosperous from trading in ivory, hides and goods imported from Europe. The young John Dunn grew to manhood in a society that valued expertise with horse and rifle, often accompanying his father on hunting and trading expeditions into the interior. He learned to speak Zulu fluently and observed the social customs he adopted as an adult.

After his father was killed in 1847 by a wild elephant while on a hunting expedition, John, then aged 17, was cheated by a businessman who refused to pay him what was rightfully due to him and he eloped with his 16-year-old coloured lover, Catherine Pierce, daughter of his father's assistant Frank Pierce and his Malay wife. They left Port Natal and travelled deep into Zulu territory, where he made a living as a hunter from 1852 to 1854. He then became an agent for the

British in the buffer zone between land north of the Tugela controlled by the Zulu King Mpande and the area south of the Tugela controlled by British imperial expansionists.

His contemporaries described Dunn as a handsome, well-built man, about 1.7m tall, with keen grey eyes. His closely-cut dark beard hid the lower part of his bronzed countenance and he usually wore a plain tweed suit. His manner was quiet and unassuming.

In 1856 Dunn became embroiled in a vicious civil war between followers of Mpande's two sons, Cetewayo and Mbuyazi, who were involved in a struggle for the kingship. Thousands of men, women and children were slaughtered in the war of succession. During one hour of killing on the banks of the Tugela River on 2 December, Dunn fought his way through masses of hysterical Zulu women who pleaded with him to take their babies before they were killed. Fearful that Cetewayo's impis would cross the Tugela and pillage Port Natal, Dunn and his riflemen did great execution but eventually had to ride for their lives.

The Ndondakusuka battle, during which Mbuyazi and five other sons of King Mpande died, established the young Cetewayo as Mpande's heir apparent. During the action, his warriors seized about 1,000 heads of cattle owned by the Port Natal traders, and they offered Dunn a reward of £250 if he could recover them. When Dunn visited Cetewayo he was well received, for the prince had admired Dunn's bravery in the midst of the blood-letting and he saw in him the end of his quest for a white chief who could become his secretary and diplomatic adviser. He agreed to return the cattle and promised Dunn traditional gifts of a chieftainship, extensive lands, cattle and two Zulu maidens to be his wives.

Catherine was greatly upset by the latter gift, but this did not prevent Dunn from later taking at least 46 more Zulu wives, 29 of them additional gifts from Cetewayo, to strengthen his position in Zulu society. At least 23 women from different Nguni clans were paid for in cattle (lobola). Catherine was eventually mollified by being given the title of ‘Great Wife’, which gave her the privilege of being the only consort allowed into her husband's presence unannounced.

Dunn's grand-scale polygamy was regarded with a mixture of disgust and envy by the British administration of Natal. From 1860 to 1878 his wealth enabled him to live the life of a landed gentleman with more than 2,000 servants and 8,000 cattle. He drove expensive carriages with matched teams of horses and he served champagne and claret to the many European big game hunters he hosted at his three

King Cetewayo of the Zulus, who asked John Dunn to be his secretary and diplomatic adviser

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residences. He filled his houses with fine furniture and crockery, providing liquor and meat for important chiefs and headmen who paid him official visits.

The supreme crisis in Dunn's life occurred in 1879 when Lord Chelmsford's forces were ordered to invade Zululand and annex it to the expanding British Empire. Because of his background Dunn, then aged 45, was a man of two worlds – one African in language and social habits, and the other European in material tastes. What was he to do?

Cetewayo was determined to defend Zulu sovereignty against white intrusion and offered Dunn neutrality if he and his clan remained on their land on the north bank of the Tugela River to form a buffer between Cetewayo's territory and Natal. His assurances did not convince Dunn, however, and the safety of his family eventually compelled him to choose the British side. His decision was assisted by Chelmsford's threat to deprive him of his chieftainship and confiscate his land and possessions after the war, so when Cetewayo summoned his impis to Ulundi to prepare for war, Dunn and the natives under his care (all of whom were exempt from Zulu military service) fled across the border into Natal.

Lord Chelmsford's force invaded Cetewayo's territory but was annihilated by the Zulus at the battle of Isandlwana on 22 January 1879, a famous victory that shook Queen Victoria's empire to its very foundations. With his second invading column trapped in Eshowe, Chelmsford appointed Dunn as his intelligence officer and employed Dunn's hunters as scouts as he advanced to relieve the siege.

After the final action of the campaign at Ulundi on 4 July, when Chelmsford defeated the Zulu impis, Cetewayo was captured by a British patrol, deposed and sent into exile in Cape Town.

The British divided Zululand between 13 chiefs who had not supported Cetewayo's Usuthu faction, and Dunn was made chieftain of the largest of the districts. But when Gladstone's Liberal Party won the British general election of 1880 it was agreed to re-instate Cetewayo as king in 1883, albeit in a much diminished and restricted capacity. John Dunn was then stripped of his chiefly prerogatives and relegated to the position of minor chief.

He retired to Mangete in 1888 and spent his last years as a farmer and cattleman. When he died at the age of 65 on 5 August, 1895, of dropsy and heart disease, the British Government confirmed that his family and 6,000 descendants would inherit his property and passed the John Dunn Land Distribution Act.

His descendants concentrated on lucrative sugar cane production and the title deeds of the land were eventually transferred to the Dunn clan in 1979 by the South African Government.

Dunn’s qualities of individualism and single-minded determination have inspired a spirit of unity and perseverance in his descendants, and the Dunns of Zululand are testimony to one of Africa's legendary pioneers.

Text | Richard Rhys Jones Photography | Supplied

Lord Chelmsford, commander of the

British forces in the Anglo-Zulu War,

who made John Dunn his military

intelligence officer

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great | escapes

For example, the LRA makes it clear that, when deciding on whether a dismissal is acceptable in law, the arbitrator or judge must consider whether the dismissal was fair. The LRA goes some way towards giving general guidelines as to what might and might not be fair.

However, not even the most comprehensive guidelines can indicate what is fair in each individual situation. Therefore, employers and employees need to look to case law for more detailed guidance as to what would be fair in specific circumstances. In addition, the employer’s own rules and terms and conditions of employment can, within limits, play a significant role in determining what discipline is and is not fair.

It is not easy to discipline an employee for breaking a rule if he can show that he had no idea that the rule existed. In the case of Van Tonder vs Vaal Drift Boerdery Vennootskap the employee was dismissed for reasons including the fact that he used offensive language. However, the arbitrator found that no rule against swearing existed at the workplace. The absence of the rule against swearing together with lack of evidence on the other charges led the arbitrator to find the dismissal to be unfair and to award the employee 12 months’ remuneration as compensation.

It could be argued that there need not be a rule against swearing for an employee to be guilty of misconduct. That is, employers would want to argue that swearing at the workplace is universally known to be unacceptable, making the inclusion of an anti-swearing rule unnecessary.

However, the LRA’s Code of Good Practice states that employers should inform their employees of their rules. This implies that the onus of proving that the rule exists and that the employee knew of the rule falls on the employer.

Counting the costsThere are other equally crucial reasons that employers need to update their rules and terms and conditions of employment. The employer may need its employees to accept transfers to new locations or to a different shift. If this is not part of the employment conditions for which employees sign an agreement the employer will have a hard time forcing an employee to make the required move.

Also, employers are not allowed to suspend employees unfairly and one element of unfairness could be the extreme length of the employee’s suspension period. That is, if the employer’s disciplinary code does not cater for protracted suspensions then a drawn-out period of suspension could be considered unfair even if the employee is being paid.

Protracted suspensions could be unfair not only on the employee but also on the employer and on the general public. This is because, when the employee is being paid to sit at home without working, the employer bears the burden of the cost of the employee’s

labour law does not exist in the statutes alone.

Statutes such as the Labour Relations Act (LRA), Basic Conditions of Employment Act and Employment Equity Act deal largely with broad legal principles but are, in many areas, highly deficient when it comes to detail.

lvan lsraelstam is Chief Executive of Labour

Law Management Consulting and author

of Walking the New

Labour Law. For more

information visit www.labourlawadvice.

co.za. This article first appeared in The Star

Going by the bookWorkplace rules and employment conditions have to be regularly updated

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executive | decision

unearned remuneration. Thus, either the company’s shareholders have their profits eroded or the taxpayer shoulders the burden where the employer is the state. For example, it was reported in The Star that 11 officials of the Road Accident Fund were suspended on full salary for a period not less than 10 months at a cost of R5,3 million (The Star, 3 June 2004, page 17).

The standard clauses in employers' disciplinary codes are no longer sufficient because provision needs to be made for exceptions as well. For example, should the employer wish to discipline an employee twice for the same act of misconduct the employer’s disciplinary code should provide for this. In the case of BMW vs Van der Walt, the Labour Appeal Court held that it is important that for a second hearing for the same incident of misconduct to be fair, this should ideally be permitted by the employer’s disciplinary code. In addition, the holding of a second hearing must be fair in all respects. Employers are warned that the holding of such second hearings will only be fair in exceptional cases.

Should employers fail to keep up with such decisions

of court judges and of arbitrators they will be unable to run their organisations according to law because labour law is a constantly changing thing.

Should employers fail to update their rules, disciplinary codes and terms and conditions of employment in the light of new case law decisions they will have problems when implementing discipline and dismissal. This is because an employer’s rules and policies should encapsulate the latest labour laws so that, when management applies the policies, they are in line with the law.

It can be a laborious and complex task for an employer to draw up a comprehensive set of rules, but dealing with the consequences of having no rules can be far more onerous for employers at the CCMA, bargaining councils and Labour Court. If employers are not in a position to take charge of this vital task there are experts they can use who can take over the pain of carrying it out and making sure it is done properly.

Text | Ivan Israelstam Photography | Shutterstock

Both parties need to keep abreast of changes in labour law and employment conditions

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1 If all else fails, liquidate Liquidation is the shortest route to the quickest

solution. First make a decision: do you want to manage

the problem or do you want to get rid of it? If you want to manage the problem, then the problem must be managed. If it can’t be managed, you must get rid of it as soon as possible. No in-between choices exist. If the business cannot pay its debt, the sooner it is liquidated the better. In fact, when the time is right, insolvency is an excellent tool to leverage one’s business into a better position: it is better to lose the business than to keep it.

2 Ostrich tactics make some parts of your body vulnerable

Universally, debtors instinctively want to ignore the problem and hope it goes away. Before long, it may be too late and the situation becomes unmanageable. If you hide beneath the sand you cannot see the sunshine. The sooner you face the problem, learn about options and take action, the sooner the problem gets solved.

business owners sometimes hang on to failing businesses too long,

unaware of other options. Bad debt very quickly ruins the wellbeing of any business. In times like these, it is sometimes better to take the shortest route to the quickest solution, rather than prolonging the agony and trying to rescue the business. Here are six things you should keep in mind when your

business experiences financial stress:

Tough callSix things to remember when your business

experiences financial pressure

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3 Don’t carry on too long We are taught to never, ever give up. When it comes

to finances, this is not always good advice. There are only two ways to handle debt: either pay it, or walk away from it. The Insolvency Act gives you the mechanism to walk away from debt. The Companies Act gives you the mechanism to carry on with your business. Debt unpaid in the first quarter of the year will most likely not be paid in the next quarter. The quicker the realities are studied and a decision made, the sooner relief comes.

4 Make clinical decisionsYou love your business, your house, your assets.

The problem with loving assets is twofold. Firstly, if you love something it is hard to let go. If it is hard to let go, then it is hard to make clinical decisions which is what is required during financial stress periods. Emotional decisions and finances do not work well together in the same sentence and chances are you will make the wrong decision, unless you can do a mind shift into a clinical decision. Secondly, it can cause you to hold on too long,

when you could have liquidated and carried on with business differently. Let your clinical decisions be driven by the balance sheet.

5 Cash flow is kingCash flow in business is everything. Debt is too

expensive, penalties on SARS debt and interest too high. If the business is not going to be able to get into a cash flow position within the first quarter, you should ask yourself whether it is time to make a clinical decision. Re-financing assets is never a good idea, as it postpones the inevitable and makes you pay twice for it too. Insolvency helps you to re-strategise immediately and recover quicker.

6 Business rescue is not necessarily the answer

Business rescue works if the distress is temporary. If the business rescue process will assist the business through a difficult period, then that is the solution. If the problem will not be rectified by temporary measures, then that is not the correct solution. Too many businesses pay huge expenses towards the business rescue process, only to be forced to liquidate the business a few months later in any case. Be sure that liquidation is not a better solution before you embark on a business rescue excercise. Talk to a professional before you make a decision.

Text | Nanika Prinsloo Photography | Shutterstock

Nanika Prinsloo is a holistic attorney at Prinsloo and Associates with focus on insolvency and strategising to protect what you own. She assists all businesses in good and bad times to find solutions and strategies that suits them best. For more information contact 072 855 8106, [email protected] or www.empowerlaw.co.za

Tough call

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In a business environment that relies heavily on team structures and task relationships in which individuals are collectively managed, assessed and rewarded, workplace conflict is almost inevitable.

However, not all conflict is negative, it depends on the type of conflict it is and how well it is managed. Within the workplace, conflict can arise as a result of opposing ideas, opinions, decisions and actions relating to a work-related issue or it can be personal; people just not liking one another and therefore being unable to get along and work together.

“Irrespective of the type of conflict, if not managed properly, it can have a significant and negative impact on a business,” says Kay Vittee, CEO of Quest Staffing Solutions, a leading staffing solutions company within the white-collar recruitment industry. “This includes decreased productivity, lowered morale, increased absenteeism due to the physical and mental health-related consequences of stress, staff turnover and ultimately the knock-on effect these issues have on the business’ performance.”

She continues, “If workplace conflict is centred on a

conflict is as natural as breathing; when people are required to live, work or

play together there is always the potential for conflict. In fact, various studies show that as much as 60% of human resource management time is spent on managing and resolving workplace conflict.

Conflict resolution


Don’t let things come to blows in the workplace

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work-related issue and it is managed well, it can have a significant and positive impact on a business. After all, conflict is a form of communication that allows varying perspectives and ideas to be presented and analysed; an opportunity to focus minds and energy on a common goal. This process could lead to a compromise that was previously not considered or to a solution that is more innovative and creative than any that existed prior to the conflict.”

To successfully manage and resolve conflict in such a way requires strong leadership. Widely regarded as one of the most challenging and difficult functions of people management, conflict management or dispute resolution demands specific skills and if not done properly, can have the opposite effect. For this reason, many companies choose to rather bring in the unbiased and professional skills of a mediator.

If the opposing parties have greatly different skill levels, maturity, confidence and or communication skills, the situation may require that you investigate and research various conflict resolutions strategies and tools, of which there are many.

“The ideal situation is to create a workplace culture that invites and welcomes individual thinking, diverse opinions and conflict conversations underpinned by the values of respect, open-mindedness and humility. This culture will foster a team environment that sees and realises the value of conflict as a constructive rather than destructive natural process,” concludes Vittee.

Text | Quest Staffing Solutions Photography | Shutterstock

Keep abreast with advice for the executive woman. Read OfficeLife online. Officelife.co.za

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Researchers have now demonstrated a new kind of personalised heart sensor as part of an effort to change that. They used images of animals’ hearts to create models of the organ using a 3D printer and then built stretchy electronics on top of those models.

The material can be peeled off the model and wrapped around the real heart for a perfect fit. The research team has also integrated an unprecedented number of components into these devices, demonstrating stretchy arrays of sensors, oxygenation detectors, strain gauges, electrodes, and thermometers made to wrap perfectly around a particular heart.

One device badly in need of improvement is the implanted defibrillator, which is attached to a misfiring heart and uses readings from one or two electrodes to determine whether to restore a normal heartbeat by applying an electric shock. With information from just one or two points, the electronics in these systems can make the wrong decision, giving the patient a painful, unnecessary shock. “The next step is a device with multiple sensors, and not just more electrical sensors,” says Igor Efimov, a cardiac physiologist and bioengineer at Washington University in St. Louis, who helped develop the new sensor. Measuring acidic conditions, for example, could offer an early sign of a blocked coronary artery. Meanwhile, light-emitting diodes and light sensors could provide information about heart-tissue health by identifying areas with poorly oxygenated blood, which is less transparent to light. Light sensors might even help detect a heart attack, since the enzyme NADH, which accumulates during heart attacks, is naturally fluorescent.

Efimov is collaborating on smarter heart implants with John Rogers, a materials scientist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The collaboration builds on Rogers’s work with his company MC10 to integrate different sensors into flexible, biocompatible materials. The researchers used optical images of rabbits’ hearts to demonstrate the concept. To make devices for patients, they would use CT or MRI scans of each person’s heart, as they explained in a paper published in Nature Communications in March.

Nicholas Peters, head of cardiac electrophysiology at Imperial College London, says the equipment could precisely measure multiple heart functions at once – something that’s not been possible before. “This level of precision of co-localised electrical and mechanical functional measurement has long been sought,” says Peters. “This approach immediately raises the realistic possibility of clinical application in human heart disease.”

Devices made through custom manufacturing would be more expensive than mass-produced medical devices, but for these kinds of life-or-death applications, the market is likely to bear the cost.

Text | Katherine Bourzac Photography | John Rogers

Heart implants, 3D-printed to orderTailor-made medical devices could give a more detailed picture of cardiac health and prevent problems

Skyways with MIT’s Technology Review

brings you the latest innovations

in the tech field

Somewhat poetically, everyone’s heart is a slightly different size and shape. And yet cardiac implants – devices like pacemakers and defibrillators – are basically one size fits all.

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Mobile apps are becoming an increasingly important marketing tool

Put your business in

a pocket


When it comes to creating a mobile app, the old saying applies: forewarned is forearmed. There are huge opportunities in this space but there are also significant risks. You can create a successful mobile app but it's crucial you do your research, work out realistic costs and make sure you team up with experienced professionals who know what they are doing.

Businesses have become much more aware about the increasing importance of mobile marketing, while some are still in the dark. Now a mobile app has become a cool marketing tool; it allows you to interact with your customer in a whole new way.

It is much easier to sell to someone who has already bought something from you than to sell to someone new. So design a custom app and make your customer choose you again by giving them value. Developing

an app that has your company presence is an effective marketing strategy. For a company that has a mobile app it is essential to access the advantages of social platforms. To be more visible in the social marketplace a business needs a mobile app because it is the future of social interaction, and here's why.

ConvenienceWe stick to our mobile devices all the time and are never without our cellphones. We love to use them everywhere and the ability to share anything on the go. Our mobiles let us be social from wherever we want.

With the presence of the mobile application, businesses are put in the pocket of consumers. Putting social buttons in the app allows the consumers to share any of their experiences or interactions they had with the brand. This opportunity of continuous presence with the consumer shouldn't be missed.

Quick and easySharing via mobile applications is quickly and easily done by just a click of a button. Through mobile apps companies can quickly tell the world about what they are doing.

People actively posting on social media for your business through your mobile application can take consumer involvement to new heights. Mobile applications make it extremely simple to grow social networking and mentions between businesses and consumers.

Get socialIntegrating social options into your app which connect people with different people will turn your app into a social platform. It will increase the time the consumer spends on your app. Applications with a Facebook login have shown increased usage. Companies that facilitate the implementation of social interactions among consumers are preferred more than others. One of the best tools a business can have to get information about their products and services is social media. A mobile application makes it easier for businesses to interact with their consumers.

With the boom of mobile applications, companies can now have more control over social media through their own applications. Mobiles are a perfect way of social networking.

Text | Arno Visagie

With scores of apps available, you need to

do the research before you introduce your

offering to your clients

We want you to tell us what your favourite app is while travelling for business or leisure. Email [email protected].

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20720_NORA-SA_275x213.indd 1 2011/12/22 10:58 AM

A

New African energy projects leapfrog outdated technologies

continentpowers up

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Electricity oils the wheels of development. South Africa, Africa's most industrialised nation, generates 44,175 megawatts for its 51 million people. Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation, generates about 3,200 megawatts for its 170 million people. Simply put, per capita, South Africans enjoy 55 times more electricity than Nigerians.

Nigerians derisively refer to the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), the utility responsible for electricity production and distribution, as ‘Please Have Candles Nearby’. Despite national efforts to tackle the power problem, half of Nigeria's people have no access to electricity. Before PHCN there was the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), which performed so badly it too had a nickname: ‘Never Expect Power Always’.

But Nigeria needn't be in a precarious power situation, says Kandeh Yumkella, the chief executive of the UN's Sustainable Energy For All initiative. The country has five trillion cubic metres of gas reserves – the ninth highest in the world – and 37 billion barrels of oil reserves, according to the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Yumkella says Nigeria is so energy-rich it alone could provide electricity for the whole of Africa. In addition to oil and gas, the country has coal, wind, thermal energy and sun.

Liberia's power situation is like that of Nigeria. Rebel fighters destroyed Liberia's energy infrastructure in 1990. Electricity was only partially restored in 2006, when US and EU aid allowed the country to build a plant to power its streetlights and major hospitals.

When grid power fails, alternatives such as diesel generation are at least four times more costly, according to the Guardian newspaper. African industry can't compete internationally if energy is a big chunk of production costs, says Yumkella. "It means somebody can buy your raw materials, take them to Asia or Europe, refine them and sell back processed goods to you."

According to the World Bank, reliable energy isn't only essential to industrialisation. It also helps to reduce poverty. With a steady flow of power, hospitals operate efficiently, people cook with gas instead of the pollutants wood and coal, students can plug into global information trends on the internet, railways run efficiently, water supply is more reliable, bureaucracy works better – virtually everything needed for socioeconomic development requires energy.

An energy-insecure continentTogether, the 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa generate the same amount of electricity – 68,000 megawatts – as the single European country, Spain, according to the World Bank. Of that amount, South Africa alone generates more than 44,000 megawatts. So without South Africa, sub-Saharan Africa's electricity output is 24,000 megawatts, far less than the 40,000 megawatts available in New York City. To compound matters, “the low level of power generation is

As Africa’s population grows, the need for alternative energy sources becomes ever more pressing

the air in Apapa, an industrial hub in Nigeria's

bustling commercial capital of Lagos, hums with the sound of diesel generators powering massive factories. In Apapa, as in most places in Nigeria, a failing national power supply means generators are a part of life.

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accompanied by correspondingly low rates of electrification,” says the World Bank. Less than a quarter of the population of sub-Saharan Africa is physically connected, via transmission lines, to the continent's power sources.

But there is no shortage of energy resources in Africa. More than 90% of the continent's hydropower, according to the bank, remains unexploited. Nigeria has oil and gas and South Africa has coal. Sudan has 6.4 billion barrels of gas reserves, Angola has nine billion, and there are smaller deposits in a few other countries. What, then, is the problem? Yumkella explains: "In the past we have not considered energy as part of poverty reduction." For a long time, he says, African states monopolised and mismanaged the energy sector. Emergency interventions in energy supply, such as in Liberia – and in neighbouring Sierra Leone – have been more impulsive than based on sound economics. Such an emergency approach "represents a planning and procurement failure on a colossal scale," the World Bank says. As a result, the cost of building and running power plants in these countries could rise up to 5% of GDP.

There is currently a sense of urgency about energy on the continent. And Africa can leapfrog obsolete technologies and focus on renewable, low-carbon alternatives. The goal, Yumkella says, is to concentrate on renewable low-carbon sources such as wind, solar and geothermal. But for now, "it's all energy sources… we can be like Brazil. They have proven technology on ethanol. They have just discovered huge deposits of oil off their coast. Still, they are pushing renewables heavily."

There are huge unexploited energy resources, but some are in countries far from centres of demand. The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Ethiopia have massive hydroelectric potential but are "far from the main economic centres in southern, western and northern Africa," according

to the World Bank. And these countries' economies are not robust enough to invest billions of dollars in hydroelectricity just for their own consumption.

To solve this problem, African leaders are pushing for an integrated regional power strategy in which countries with better economics of scale in energy resources invest in the sector and then sell to others. Countries spending huge amounts to buy diesel oil or fuel for power plants are better off negotiating with their neighbours for hydropower. Along this line, the Programme for the Infrastructure Development of Africa, an African Union initiative, is backing a $22 billion project to develop a pan-African electricity highway by 2020.

Ethiopia's grand energy strategyEthiopia wants to be an energy superpower and is crafting a 25-year master plan to generate 60,000 megawatts from hydro, geothermal, wind and solar. That's almost what all of sub-Saharan Africa currently generates. The country is building the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, the biggest ever on the continent which, once complete within the next three years, could produce 6,000 megawatts. In addition, a US-Icelandic company, Reykjavik Geothermal, is set to build a $4 billion geothermal plant that will generate 1,000 megawatts. Ethiopia also has Africa's largest wind farm, which generates 120 megawatts.

The country's ambitious energy plan is attracting the interest of its neighbours. Djibouti, Kenya, Sudan, South Sudan, Rwanda, Tanzania – and even Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula – have signed power supply contracts with Ethiopia. At the same time, the World Bank and the African Development Bank are financing a transmission line able to carry 2,000 megawatts of electricity from Ethiopia to Kenya. According to Donald Kaberuka, head of the AfDB, Ethiopia is looking "at energy as an export sector the way you export gold."

Nothing is impossibleAfrica's private sector is also jumping on the energy bandwagon. The Financial Times calls Nigeria's energy privatisation programme Africa's most ambitious. Hopefully, this should eliminate mismanagement "while delivering cheap electricity." In July last year, US President Barack Obama announced in South Africa a ‘Power Africa’ initiative that will raise $16 billion from private and public sectors to generate 10,000 megawatts of electricity for communities in sub-Saharan Africa. African philanthropists have pledged various amounts to this effort. With all these efforts, how soon could Africa see sufficient light at the end of the dimly lit energy tunnel? Yumkella believes that could happen within two decades. "Nothing is impossible," he says.

Text | Kingsley Ighobor Photography | Media Club South Africa

Private enterprise has a key role to

play in looking for energy alternatives

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With the 4,000km route tracing the mountainous eastern regions and cutting across the Roof of Africa in Lesotho, the periods of agony and ecstasy must come thick and fast. You can almost hear the sound of the music.

However, it’s not just for the conquering of mountain passes and the achievement of seeing the long and winding route through to its end that Fraenkel is on his bike. Like the pioneers of the Spine Trail on their initial path-finding expedition, David Bristow and Steve Thomas (authors of Riding the Dragon’s Spine), he is

raising funds for charity. In Bristow and Thomas’s case it was for the SMILE Foundation, and in Fraenkel’s, it’s for PETS (Pet Empowerment in Townships), which exists to empower and improve the quality of life of animals in townships and poor communities.

Journeying with Fraenkel, in what might be a first for the Spine Trail, are his much-loved Jack Russell Terriers, Turbo and Tequila. They ride in luxurious comfort behind their hard-pedalling driver in a pet carrier fixed to a Holdfast custom-built trailer, adding considerably to the agony of those uphill climbs. However, the feisty little mascots more than earn their free passage. As travelling ambassadors for underprivileged animals, they’re helping to give a voice to the voiceless. “Having them with me, I get the chance to encourage people to appreciate their animals more and treat them as they would like to be treated themselves,” says Fraenkel.

Cycling from the north-easternmost point of South Africa to the most southerly tip is a feat not to be

Sean Fraenkel and Tequila silhouetted

by the setting sun at Katse Dam in Lesotho

“Even when I’m huffing and sweating up a 30km gravel hill, I’m in my element. When I reach the summit of a hard climb, the tough times on my bike soon give way to ecstasy as I freewheel down the other side with good music blaring in my headphones,” says adventurer Sean Fraenkel of the challenge of cycling the Spine of the Dragon MTN bike trail from Beit Bridge to Cape Town.

Barking up

Peddling for a good cause

DragonSpine of the

the

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time | out

underestimated, but having two dogs in tow must make for some crazy times. Hence, the aptness of the name of the tour: The Barking Mad Charity Ride, and the hashtag for Fraenkel’s blog: #BarkingMadSA.

“Turbo is an extremely vocal dog,” he says. “He’s the first to jump in when I tell them ‘in your box’ and even after seeing at least a thousand cows, sheep and horses, he insists on barking at every new one. When he’s not barking, he whines non-stop.” That’s enough to drive anyone mad and it’s worse if you’re in the middle of nowhere and trying to focus on your pedal strokes. “When I look over my shoulder to swear at him, he cocks his head to the side, as if to say: ‘What? I’m happy back here. Keep pedalling.’” Tequila, on the other hand, travels quietly and obediently. “But drop a stick near him and that becomes his sole purpose for living,” says Fraenkel. “There seems to be no cure for his madness.”

In mapping the trail, Bristow and Thomas wanted to ensure it would be accessible to all MTB riders, that each stage was doable for the average person, and accommodation of some sort would be available at the end of each day. While Fraenkel is following the described route, he has to be flexible at times. “I have

had to change some of the off-road routes to tar roads as lugging 60kg of gear (excluding the bike and myself) over gravel and dirt tracks really started taking its toll,” he says. By the time he was roughly halfway and at the time of writing, he’d been through four tyres, two trailer hitches, one front wheel rim, a broken rear rack and torn panniers. As for accommodation, he has slept in five-star places (“I’m a bit of a wannabe adventurer who likes a good meal and a comfy bed at the end of a day’s ride”), resorted to “stealth camping in the bush” and, most memorably he says, set up camp in the yards of a Venda woman’s homestead in Mpumalanga and that of a Basotho woman in icy Lesotho.

Also in Lesotho, Fraenkel met up with American Peace Corps worker Shawna Cain who’d found his post on spineofthedragon.co.za. “She asked to join me for a week’s cycle touring from Thaba-Tseka to Semonkong.” On their second day together though, things went badly wrong. “During a really steep ascent called the Pass of the Jackals we encountered a severe hail squall that stung our faces so much we had to huddle under my ground sheet for shelter. Soon after that, Shawna’s wet weather gear got irreparably ripped. With hypothermia,

Where better for Sean Fraenkel and his Jack Russell companions to pose for a photograph than near the monument to another legendary South African pooch?

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fatigue and our slow pace a real concern on the high mountain pass, we hitched a ride with a super friendly and helpful Basotho man named Refiloe Motsieloa.”

Such kindness of strangers has buoyed Fraenkel all along the route. “From poor to rich, and across all cultures, people have been amazing. I’ve been given free food, bike repairs, accommodation and even money to help me on my journey.” The only time he’s tasted fear has been for his dogs. “A Pit Bull attacked them but fortunately they were secure in their dog box at the time and no harm was done.”

Fraenkel hopes to complete the tour within three months, aiming to arrive in mid-June in Cape Town where he looks forward to seeing his very supportive girlfriend Tracy Breeze again. “Whether you’re riding solo or in a group, the Spine of the Dragon is a formidable challenge,” he says. “But it’s doable if you have two to three months to spare.” While bicycle racing is a growing sport in South Africa and classic events like the Cape Argus, Sani2c, joBerg2c and KZN’s Amashova are on many a serious cyclist’s must-do list, cycle touring, Fraenkel says, isn’t as popular here as it is in Europe. “But I think the Spine of the Dragon tour will definitely

change the perception of what’s possible in our country,” he adds.

So what’s next for this intrepid and inspirational adventurer who, when not out in the great wide open championing the cause of the less fortunate, earns his living as a commercial diver?

“Adventuring has opened new doors and friendships for me,” he says and tells how his life goals changed dramatically during a two-week surf cycle tour between Jeffrey’s Bay and Cape Town last year. “I carried just my gear, surfboard and fishing rod on my bike and stayed in backpackers.” During that 750km journey, the words of Stephen Graham, author of The Gentle Art of Tramping (published in 1926), resonated strongly with him: “In tramping (today called backpacking) you are not earning a living, but earning a happiness.” Adopting that as his mantra, Fraenkel tweaked the quote to read, “On my bike I'm not so much earning a living as earning a happiness.” Also on that southern Cape coast tour, among the people he met was Kevin Coldrey. “We have become good friends and plan to surf, cycle and fish the entire east coast of Madagascar in the near future.”

The agony and ecstasy of a tropical island lifestyle – now there’s a way to earn your happiness.

Text | Andrea Abbott Photography | Sean Fraenkel

Top: Ambassadors for the voiceless, Turbo and Tequila in their comfy box

attracting the attention of rural children

Above: The loneliness of the long-

distance cyclist!

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knowledge profileTM

Uses by man• One-stopmedicinaland

home-useshopofthenaturalworldalthoughusedtraditionallybyindigenouspeople,issoughtafterasahomeopathicremedyinhealthshops.

• BelievedthatitwastradedbytheArabsinearlyyears.

• Thetreeisfrosttenderandisanattractiveshadetreeindomesticgardens,howeveryourequireapermittoownandtransportthetreeduetoitsprotectedstatus.

StatusARed-datatreelistedbytheIUCNas“Threatened”andaProtectedTreeinSouthAfrica.

Warburgia salutarisSSAtreenumber488isaspeciesoftreeintheCanellaceaefamily.(Afrikaans:peperbasboom,Sotho:molaka,Venda:mulanga,Zulu:isibaha.)SalutarisinLatinmeans‘healthful’.

Sappi supports the Pepper Bark Initiative of the

Kruger National Park.

Sappi•Sappi,throughitsTypek

EarthkindPromotion,isaproudsponsoroftheSouthAfrican

NationalParksWarburgiaSalutarisInitiative.

•Itinvolvesworkingwiththesurroundingcommunitytoensurethatenoughtreesareplantedfor

medicinaluses.

•TheSouthAfricanNationalBiodiversityInstituteandthe

AgriculturalResearchCouncil,bothinNelspruit,areanintegral

partoftheteam.

Photographers:MicheleHofmeyr,TedWoods

Threats and Challenges•Thegreatestthreatisitshighmedicinalvaluetoman,whichhasseenitsbarkunsustainablypoachedresultinginthelossofthetreeandinsomeregionsits

extinction.

•Habitatlossisafurtherthreat.

•Insectsusethefruitstolaytheireggsmakingseedsinfertile.Seedproductionisthuslowand

itisdifficulttogrowfromcuttingsfornurserypropagation.

Where foundBotswana,Namibia,Tanzania,Zambia,Mozambique,SouthAfrica,Swaziland,MalawiandZimbabwe.

Fast forward four years and the beautiful game is in the spotlight yet again as Brazil hosts the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Few can argue that Brazil is not a nation obsessed

with football, and the event promises to be a fiesta both on and off the pitch. After all, with samba, sun, sea and the world’s greatest football talents on show, what more could a football fan ask for? No doubt, there will be tremendous pressure on the national team to win the cup. In fact, Brazilians demand that their team wins the World Cup in style by playing the fluid style of football that has won them five World Cups in the past. So who else is in the running to claim the sport’s greatest accolade? Here are five teams to watch out for this June.

SpainLa Roja have been the dominant force in world football since 2008. The current world champions are also the

The 2010 FIFA World Cup now seems like a distant memory, but is certainly one that most in Africa, and indeed the world, will never forget. The event, hosted for the first time on the African continent, is the most successful FIFA World Cup to date and proved that South Africa is more than capable of hosting the biggest sporting showcase in the world. It also cemented South Africa’s place firmly on the international tourism map.

GOOOALLLLLL!!!Brazil 2014 kicks off

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current European title holders and go into the tournament as strong contenders to retain their crown. Part of the Spanish success can be attributed to their strong domestic league. The fact that two Spanish clubs faced each other in last month’s UEFA Champions League final is testament to the strength of the domestic competition. That said, Spain’s success has been built on a core group of players who have come through the youth ranks together. Players such as Gerard Piqué, David Villa, Cesc Fàbregas and Andrés Iniesta are now much older and it remains to be seen if coach Vicente del Bosque will give younger and less experienced players a chance to play in Brazil. Still, they should be one of the favourites to go all the way.Player to watch: Andrés Iniesta

BelgiumYou won’t normally rank Belgium as among the favourites to win a World Cup, but the country seems to have peaked at the right time. Belgium currently has a crop of talented players who are plying their trade in the best leagues in Europe. The majority of them are based in the English Premier League and feature regularly in their team’s games. The Europeans cruised through the qualifying stages and most football pundits agree that this generation of players could very well go all the way in Brazil.Player to watch: Eden Hazard

Lionel Messi has dazzled at club level but many pundits say that he needs to lead Argentina to the title before being regarded as one of the best to have ever played the game

Extra time• Eight different nations have won the FIFA World Cup:

1. Brazil – five

2. Italy – four

3. Germany – three

4. Argentina – two

5. Uruguay – two

6. France – one

7. England – one

8. Spain – one

• Brazil hosted the World Cup in 1950 and were firm favourites to take their first

title. In fact, they were so confident that before the final they had t-shirts made

stating that they were world champions. However, their dreams were shattered

in front of their home crowd by Uruguay who beat the hosts 2-1 in the final.

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ArgentinaThe last time the World Cup was played in South America was in Argentina in 1978. That year a team inspired by Daniel Passarella led the host nation to the title. Argentina always goes into every World Cup as favourites on paper, but in recent years they have failed to make this materialise on the field. Argentina is placed in a fairly easy group with Bosnia-Herzegovina, Iran and Nigeria and should get through to the second round with relative ease. No doubt, all eyes will be on Lionel Messi who, on his day, can single-handedly win a match with his solo runs and free-kicks. The Argentinians would like nothing more than to win the World Cup in Brazil, their greatest football rival.Player to watch: Sergio Agüero

GermanyGermany is ever consistent in the World Cup, having won the crown three times already. They made it into the semi-final in South Africa and will be looking to go two steps further and win their first title since 1990. The Germans are in a tough group along with Ghana, USA and Portugal, so they will have to work hard to make the second round. Player to watch: Mesut Özil

BrazilIt must be tough being part of the Brazilian national side and even tougher when you are playing in front of your home crowd. The five-time champions go into every tournament as firm favourites, but this time the pressure is even greater as millions of Brazilians are already expecting them to lift the trophy on 12 July. On their day, La Seleção is a joy to watch with their fluid passing style and flair. The country has produced a long list of footballing greats including Garrincha, Zico and Pelé, arguably the greatest footballer to have ever played. This time the entire nation is pinning their hopes on Neymar, who has been labelled Pelé’s successor. He will be surrounded by a host of other talents who are all capable of scoring, but there are some who believe that the Samba Kings might buckle under the pressure of having to win on home soil.Player to watch: Neymar

Text | Arno Visagie Photography | Shutterstock

Brazil is a nation obsessed with football

and the country demands that their

national team are crowned champions

Africa’s hopeGhana won the hearts of many Africans at the 2010

World Cup. It was a Luis Suárez (Uruguay) handball

that prevented them from a possible place in the

semi-final. Ghana is a cohesive unit with their

strength lying in their passing game. Their defence

is also strong. They are in a tough group, but they

have proven in the past that their determination

to succeed can get them to the next round.

Player to watch: Michael Essien

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Pemba

Nampula

Antananarivo

Ndola

Lusaka

LivingstoneHarare

Tete

BulawayoBeira

Polokwane

Gaborone

Phalaborwa


Manzini

Maseru


DurbanMthatha

East London


Maun

Kasane

Vilanculos

Skukuza

Richards Bay

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Pemba

Nampula

Antananarivo

Ndola

Lusaka

LivingstoneHarare

Tete

BulawayoBeira

Polokwane

Gaborone

Phalaborwa


Manzini

Maseru


DurbanMthatha

East London


Maun

Kasane

Vilanculos

Skukuza

Richards Bay

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Five-star TOYOTA LAND CRUISER PRADO 4.0 VX

Not many luxury SUVs can truly tackle a tough 4x4 trail. The Toyota Prado,

however, is an exception

off-roading

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The basic design from the previous version is still there, but the front of the vehicle has received a rather significant update. Most noticeably, the grille has swollen a lot, and is now very prominent. In order for this to happen, the headlamp clusters had to be slimmed down and narrowed. The bumper has also been tweaked, and now features a two-step design that, according to Toyota, protects the headlights, while its sharply trimmed lower section minimises the effect of the front overhang on the vehicle's off-road abilities.

We’ve never been particularly offended by the Prado's looks, but agree that they are improved by the new front end.

there was a bit of controversy

when the current generation Land Cruiser Prado was released in 2009. People didn’t like all its bulbous protrusions and generally awkward looks. Five years on, those who never warmed to the Prado’s design are unlikely to be swayed by the changes made to the face-lifted model.

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off-roading

longer wheel stroke for better traction off-road. Upgrades to the Prado's KDSS include increased front-

cylinder rod diameter and rear-cylinder piston diameter. These changes have increased input force by optimising the performance of the hydraulically-controlled front and rear cylinders.

Prado VX versions have the added features of Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) front and rear, and height adjustable rear air suspension.

Accommodation As with the outgoing Prado, there is something slightly off-putting about the new model’s cabin. Some of the architecture inside the cabin is closer to you than feels natural, making the interior seem cramped, despite the Prado’s size.

The finishes and overall interior design also conspire to make it seem somewhat old-school, but not in the cool retro way that it does in the FJ Cruiser’s cabin. The Prado’s cabin just seems dated. But it is undeniably well equipped, and boasts just about every accoutrement you could ask for. Features include automatic climate control, cruise control, Bluetooth connectivity and a USB jack. The centre console bin is even cooled, and the overhead storage console has a wide-angle mirror that allows the driver to see the rear occupants.

New features include an eight-way power-adjustable driver seat and four-way adjustable passenger seat, with memory. Within the upper console, a new audio control panel has been placed above the seven-inch screen, which shows reverse camera images and satellite navigation (on VX models), as well as displaying multimedia and audio content.

But judging a vehicle's appearance is a subjective matter, so let’s rather look at what’s lurking beneath all that metal.

Features and equipmentEngine options in the Prado remain unchanged. Buyers can choose between a three-litre D-4D oilburner that develops 120kW of power and 400Nm of torque, and a four-litre V6 petrol mill that generates 202kW and 381Nm of torque. Both are mated to a five-speed automatic transmission.

The D-4D oilburner is essentially the same unit found in the Hilux and Fortuner, though it produces more torque, and in the plush Prado it can seem a tad unrefined and underpowered. The Discovery 4’s V6 SDV6, by comparison, offers 188kW of power and 600Nm of torque, and feels more sophisticated. Of course, the Disco is quite a bit more expensive but still, a vehicle as refined and plush as the Prado demands a smoother and more powerful engine.

The four-litre V6 petrol engine, which powered the vehicle we tested, is better suited to a luxury SUV, but local buyers are far more interested in oilburners than petrol mills when it comes to luxury SUVs. An obvious reason is that a four-litre petrol powerplant isn’t exactly frugal. Toyota claims it can average 11,3ℓ per 100km, but achieving that would demand very careful driving. Realistically, you’ll be averaging significantly above that, especially if you drive a lot in town.

At least the Prado has a 150ℓ fuel tank, so while it might not be frugal, you won’t have to visit the service station too often.

The new Prado also has an improved version of Toyota's Kinetic Dynamic Suspension System (KDSS). The refined system optimises handling stability and ride comfort, including smoother front/rear weight transfer in cornering.

KDSS controls the Prado's front and rear stabiliser bars, providing optimum stability and ride comfort on-road and

ENGINE Four-litre, V6, 1GR-FE POWER202kW @ 5,600r/minTORQUE381Nm @ 4,400r/minGEARBOX Five-speed automaticGROUND CLEARANCE220mmECONOMY11,3ℓ/100km (claimed)FUEL TANK150 litresPRICER728,200SERVICE PLANFive-year/90,000kmSERVICE INTERVALS10,000kmWARRANTYThree-year/100,000km

TOYOTA LAND CRUISER PRADO 4.0 VX

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The Prado VX also has a new 4.2-inch colour TFT screen between the dials on the driver's instrument binnacle. Operating in conjunction with a switch on the steering wheel, it provides enhanced off-road driving assistance. Information regarding individual wheel traction control, steering angle and differential lock operation can be displayed simultaneously for maximum driver assistance over challenging terrain.

Performance and handlingWith a burly four-litre petrol mill under the bonnet, you’d expect the Prado to feel quite powerful, but it doesn’t appear to be all that eager.

When low range is engaged and the vehicle is slowly making its way up a hill, the powerplant seems tough and potent, but during everyday driving it feels a bit lethargic, and accelerating from standstill is particularly problematic. Its performance isn’t terrible by any means, but with 202kW of power on tap, one expects more oomph.

The main issue, obviously, is that the Prado is a heavy vehicle (it has a GVM of 2,900kg). Moreover, the petrol engine might generate 202kW, but its torque figures are less impressive (381Nm). Add a sometimes frustrating five-speed auto gearbox that’s slow to respond, and the Prado simply doesn’t provide the sort of on-road experience that its competitors offer.

That said, the Prado does an admirable job of hiding its immense weight when it comes to handling. While driving the SUV on a twisty road near Hartbeespoort Dam, we were impressed by the way it cornered. Yes, there’s some roll and you don’t get the handling of a sporty SUV such as the Cayenne or Range Rover Sport, but the Prado performs well nevertheless. This is due in part to the KDSS, which gives you good articulation off-road, but improves handling and roll on the road.

Trail capabilityTake the Prado off-road, and it positively shines. For a large luxury SUV, the Land Cruiser Prado is phenomenally capable, and definitely deserves to carry the ‘Land Cruiser’ nameplate.

It has a permanent four-wheel-drive system with a lockable Torsen centre differential, and a low-range transfer case. VX models are equipped with a rear diff lock and Crawl Control – Toyota’s low-speed off-road cruise-control system.

Like the Disco, the Prado has a 4x4 dial aimed at simplifying off-road driving and optimising vehicle systems for a 4x4 environment. Toyota calls its system Multi-Terrain Select, and it has different terrain settings such as ‘sand’ and ‘rock’. A new setting has also been added for ‘moguls’ (middelmannetjies).

Ground clearance is pegged at 220mm, but thanks to

Leisure wheels is South Africa's foremost adventure motoring magazine. For this reason Skyways has chosen

to work with Leisure

wheels when it comes to providing you with motoring

information. For more on the topic of adventure

motoring, look out for the current issue of Leisure

wheels, on sale now. www.leisurewheels.com

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Toyota’s Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS), the Prado VX has height-adjustable rear air suspension.

With all that technology on board, the Prado is formidable in an off-road environment. It is one of the most capable luxury SUVs available.

The only thing that really hampers it off-road is its size. Piloting such a long and wide SUV along a twisting 4x4 trail can be tricky.

Another issue – and this can’t be called a shortcoming – is that the Prado takes much of the driver involvement out of off-road driving. With the countless off-road aids and a very well insulated cabin, the driver is left feeling oddly divorced from the 4x4 proceedings.

But the Prado isn’t the sort of vehicle one buys as a trail 4x4. It is a luxury SUV and as such it should dispense with off-road obstacles as quickly and comfortably as possible. The Prado doesn’t disappoint in this respect.

Overland suitability Thanks to its comfortable ride, loads of packing space and impressive off-road ability, the Prado is a fantastic overlander. Yes, both the 120kW oilburner and the 202kW petrol mill seem somewhat antiquated compared to the refined and powerful engines in some of its competitors, but when you’re heading deep into Africa, tried-and-trusted engines that are admired for their reliability look very tempting.

Indeed, it is the Prado’s combination of modern comfort, safety and off-road systems with a proven and reliable drivetrain that makes it so good for overland travel. On top of this, it has a wading depth of 700mm, and with that 150ℓ tank you can travel a long way without needing to refuel, even with that thirsty four-litre under the bonnet.

A final useful feature is that it can run on 17-inch rims, so there’s no need to venture onto gravel while riding on inappropriately low-profile tyres.

ConclusionLand Cruisers are as common in Africa as wildebeest are on the plains of the Serengeti. Wherever there’s a community in need of aid – and in Africa, frankly, there are a lot of those – UN-branded Land Cruiser 200s will be close at hand.

Land Cruisers, as Toyota is fond of saying, are at home in Africa, and the Prado is no exception. This can't be said of many luxury SUVs, but the description fits the Cruiser range.

So, if you’re looking for a luxury SUV that can provide some peace of mind when you head into deepest Africa, the Prado makes sense. However, if you’ll be spending most of your driving time on tar, there are better options out there. If you don’t utilise the Prado’s off-road ability, you’ll be missing out on the vehicle’s biggest selling point.

Text and photography | Courtesy Leisure wheels

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Those cold winter nights are closing in. You can fight them off, though, if you have the right tools at hand. Sure, a fuzzy, warm blanket goes a long way towards keeping you toasty, but that works from the outside in. Sometimes, you just need something warm and comforting to heat you up from the inside out. Try these recipes.

1/2 cup unsalted butter 2 cups sliced onion

2 bay leaves2 tablespoons chopped garlic

2 fresh thyme sprigs 2 teaspoons salt

3 teaspoons freshly ground black pepper

2 tablespoons all-purpose flour

2 cups vegetable broth 1 sliced baguette

1/2 cup grated Gruyère cheese

1 tablespoon cilantro leaves

Put a large pot on medium heat. Add unsalted butter and let it melt. Now add sliced onion, thyme, salt, bay leaves, garlic and pepper. Let it cook until the onions become soft and translucent. This should take around 20 minutes. Next, remove the bay leaves and thyme sprigs. Add all-purpose flour and stir well. At this time, turn the heat down so that the flour will not burn. Cook for eight minutes. Add vegetable broth and allow it to

French onion soup simmer. Again cook for 10 minutes. Taste and adjust the seasoning if needed. When you are ready to serve your soup, cut your baguette into pieces and arrange it on a baking sheet. Sprinkle the cheese on it and let it bake until you find your cheese bubbly and light brown. Sprinkle cilantro leaves. Pour the soup in a bowl and sprinkle some grated cheese on top.

Ingredients

Simple yet delicious recipes for those nights when the mercury drops

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warmersWinter

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Beef stewFlour your stewing meat. Heat cooking oil in a stew pot, then add stew meat, onions and garlic, and brown. Add

water and beef stew seasoning. Add potatoes, carrots, salt, pepper and parsley flakes. Cook over medium heat for approximately one hour, stirring often.

500g stewing beef1 tablespoon flour1 medium onion (chopped)1 package beef stew seasoning3 cups water5 medium potatoes (cubed)6 carrots (peeled and sliced)1 tablespoon parsley flakes2 cloves garlic (chopped)Tablespoon cooking oilSalt and pepper to taste

Ingredients

warmers

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Apple piePreheat oven to 180°C. While the crust is thawing at room temperature, mix pecans, flour, and brown sugar in a bowl. Work in butter with fingertips until mixture resembles coarse crumbs. Set aside.Prick bottom and sides of crust with fork. Bake 12 to 15 minutes or until lightly golden. Immediately brush bottom and sides of hot crust with light

coating of egg white. Set oven to 220°C.Meanwhile, in a large bowl, combine granulated sugar, cornstarch and cinnamon. Toss in apples and lemon juice. Cover with waxed paper and microwave on high for 12 minutes, stirring halfway through. Spoon filling into crust. Sprinkle pecan topping over filling. Bake pie 10 to 12 minutes or until topping is golden. Cool on wire rack. Serve with vanilla ice-cream if desired.

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Frozen deep-dish piecrust

½ cup chopped pecans¼ cup all-purpose flour

¼ cup packed brown sugar

2 tablespoons butter or margarine

1 large egg white¼ cup granulated

sugar2 tablespoons

cornstarch½ teaspoon ground

cinnamon5 Granny Smith or

Golden Delicious apples, each cored, peeled, and cut into

eight wedges1 tablespoon fresh

lemon juice

Ingredients

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TJD

R 56132

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usually be kept for more than five years, while cheaper varieties are best consumed within a year or two.

3Ageing the wine When it comes to ageing the wine, it all depends

on the year, the type of grape and the blend. Your best source of information is the winery itself. Most wineries will provide information on their website on the best time to drink the specific vintage.

4Proper storage is essentialOne way to easily ruin a good bottle of wine is to

store it improperly. The three crucial factors to storing wine are temperature, humidity and light. For smaller collections, a wine fridge is ideal to store your wine; larger ones will require a cellar. Whichever way you go, remember to set and monitor the temperature and humidity, which are typically 10 to 16ºC and 60 to 75% RH respectively.

5Take it for a test drive Before you decide to buy a whole case of that

new red you heard about on the radio, sample it first. Either buy one bottle or visit the winery to sample their wares. If the winery is too far away, you might be able to sample the wine at the local liquor store. Check their website for more details.

6Be a bargain hunter An easy way to build a respectable wine collection

quickly is to look for discounts. You can usually get a discount if you buy in bulk, or through wholesale or even at the winery itself. There is no shame in buying a good wine at a discounted price. If you are a collector and plan on selling your collection, it is an investment. If you are just a connoisseur, well, it's smart shopping.

7Know the best time to drink or sell your wine

Once a wine reaches its ideal maturity, not only does the value drop, for those collectors looking to sell their wine, but the quality of the wine will eventually turn. If you are not careful, that bottle of wine you have been saving for years will become a very expensive bottle of vinegar.

Now that you have the basic know-how when it comes to building a wine collection, get out there and start sampling some of the best wines available.


Building a small collection with wines that are likely to be consumed within six months is relatively easy. You can almost buy any wine for this type of collection. However, if you are looking to build a larger collection with wine that you would like to age, there are some important factors that you have to keep in mind. The following seven tips will help you build a respectable wine collection.

1Not all wines are created equallyThis is especially true when it comes to how well a

wine will age. Generally, wines that age well are well structured, acidic and tannic. It is the tannins, wine's natural preservatives that come from the skin of the grape, which will soften as time passes, resulting in a wine with a better bouquet and balance.

2Price is the difference When it comes to wines that age well, the general

rule of thumb is the more expensive the wine, the longer it can be stored. More expensive wines can

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Start off small and work your way to an

impressive wine cellar

Starting a wine collectionThroughgrapevinethe

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It has never been easier to subscribe to your favourite magazine or spoil someone special. So go to www.coolmags.com today to subscribe or to purchase a single copy to peruse a title you perhaps do not know.

Subscribe today and send a loved one a gift that keeps on giving every month

book reviewThe Future of the Mind By Michio Kaku

Recording memories, mind reading, videotaping our dreams, mind control, avatars and telekinesis – no longer are these feats of the mind solely the province of overheated science fiction. As Michio Kaku reveals, not only are they possible, but with the latest advances in brain science and recent astonishing breakthroughs in technology, they already exist. In The Future of the Mind, the New York Times-bestselling author takes the reader on a provocative and exhilarating tour of the top laboratories around the world to meet the scientists who are already revolutionising the way we think about the brain – and ourselves.

✶✶✶✶✶

Own Your Industry: How to Position Yourself as an Expert By Douglas Kruger

Own Your Industry is a guide to what you can do to position yourself as the ‘go-to-name’ in your industry. Learn how to build an industry reputation, use media channels to reach your market and communicate complex ideas through memorable frameworks. Discover how your fee structure defines you as beginner or valued veteran. The book explains how to develop a title, become a face and a voice in the minds of key industry players, and use simple but powerful positioning techniques to cut through the marketing clutter of your competitors.

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BOOKS

Dragons & Butterflies By Shani Krebs

Dragons & Butterflies tells the remarkable story of a man who reached absolute rock bottom, but had the fortitude to rise up again. Shani Krebs didn’t fall in with a bad crowd – he was the bad crowd. Born to Hungarian refugees in Jo’burg, Shani had a tough childhood. During his national service he started dabbling in drugs and it wasn’t long before he was supplying the Jo’burg party scene with marijuana, LSD, Mandrax and cocaine. It was a wild life, filled with

girlfriends, narrow escapes and drug binges. His closest friend was his pistol.

Then, in 1994, at the birth of South Africa’s democracy, Shani flew to Thailand where he was arrested for heroin trafficking and, after a trial, sentenced to death. He was 34. Shani’s sentence was commuted to 100 years, and thus begun the greatest challenge of his life. The first hurdle was to survive in one of the toughest prisons imaginable: the random violence, the appalling diet, and the filth and diseases. Shani not only survived, but eventually rose to command significant respect within the prison system. The second hurdle was to stay off drugs after years of addiction. The third was nurturing a long-neglected spiritual side, which he found through his art and exploring his Jewish faith.

But what gave him most focus was, in collaboration with his sister Joan, trying to find some way either to be transferred to a South African prison or have his sentence shortened. He failed in the former but, after serving 18 years – the longest-serving Westerner in a Thai prison – he stepped off a plane at OR Tambo in 2012. South Africa was a changed country, and Shani was a changed man. After adjusting to life on the outside, he is now a talented artist and public speaker, rallying against drug abuse in schools.

✶✶✶✶✶

What's Gone Wrong? By Alex Boraine

What's Gone Wrong? This is the question on the lips of millions of South Africans.Boraine attempts to answer this urgent question from the vantage point of

wide experience as churchman, parliamentarian and co-founder of IDASA. He digs deep into the history of

the ANC in exile and as the governing party for two decades and concludes that in exile and today the ANC is slavishly committed to the party as the dominant factor. All else – the executive, parliament, the judiciary, civil society and the media – take second and third place. Boraine goes beyond strong criticism and offers a number of proposals, including the realignment of politics as a way of preventing South Africa from becoming a failed state.

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Families in the Central African Republic are struggling to survive. Young children are most at risk, facing growing hunger and malnutrition. WFP is working non-stop to provide lifesaving food for these families, but we can’t do it alone.

We need YOU! Donate now.

wfp.org/car

Join uson Facebook

follow us@WFP

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Fighting Hunger Worldwide

Of all food produced in Western nations ends up in the garbage bin according to a study by the Economic Research Service

When tomato sauce was sold as medicine

27% 1830s

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Solutions can be found on page 17

sudokuTry the addictive game of Sudoku. The aim is to fill each block with a number from 1 to 9. Each number must not appear more than once in each row, column and square.

If you can’t finish this puzzle during your flight, please take this free copy of Skyways with you. The cabin attendant will make sure that the next passengers get their own magazine, with a clean Sudoku for them to puzzle over!

Puzzles taken from www.krazydad.com

Each Battleship puzzle represents a section of ocean with a hidden fleet of one battleship, two cruisers and three submarines.

The ships may be oriented horizontally or vertically within the grid such that no ship touches another, not even diagonally. Any remaining squares in the grid contain water segments, which are shown as a symbol of water or as an X.

The numbers on the bottom and on the right of the grid show how many squares in the corresponding rows and columns are occupied by ships. The object is to discover where all six ships are located.

1 x Battleship

2 x Cruisers

3 x Submarines

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EMPOWERED.

All-in-one oil grip, oil repellence and cut resistance.The new HyFlex® 11-927 features ANSELL GRIP™, INTERCEPT™ and RIPEL™ technologies in a single oil repellent glove. For secure handling of sharp parts in oily conditions, it sets an unprecedented new standard for oil performance and protection.

Find out more: www.ansell.eu

® & ™ are owned by Ansell Limited or one of its affiliates. © All Rights Reserved 2013. Neither this document nor any other statement made herein by or on behalf of Ansell should be construed as a warranty of merchantability or that any Ansell product is fit for a particular purpose. Ansell assumes no responsibility for the suitability or adequacy of an end user’s selection of gloves for a specific application.

Skyways-HyFlex 11-927_Advertisements_EN.indd 1 24-04-14 10:25

T. +27 (0)54 338 0384F. +27 (0)54 338 [email protected]

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Quality AssuredSUPERIOR

UPINGTON • NORTHERN CAPE

focus | northern cape

The province is divided into four regions and boasts a total of six national parks, including two Transfrontier parks crossing into world-famous safari destinations such as Namibia and Botswana, as well as six provincial nature reserves, two of the largest rivers in South Africa and three legendary deserts. The landscape is uniquely suited for rugged 4x4 adventure trips with the AisAis/Richtersveld Transfortier Park being a must-see destination. Footpaths and hiking trails allow visitors to

Explore South Africa’s largest province

Northern

CapeBig skies, raptors hovering over the mountain desert of the Richtersveld, the cascading Augrabies Falls and the expansive wilderness of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park all set the backdrop for the Northern Cape province.

experience the natural surrounds up close and these abound throughout the province. Guided game walks with armed rangers are also popular in the various private and national parks and reserves.

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CONTACTChanelle de VriesCell: 071 418 [email protected]

Elmarie de Bruin | From R520pps BB | 083 461 1724 | 071 607 4582 Plot 79, Kanoneiland | [email protected] | www.africanvineyard.co.za

african

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... on the island of slow living

VineyardVineyardVineyardVineyardVineyardVineyardVineyardVineyardVineyardVineyardVineyardVineyardVineyardVineyard guesthouse

Vineyard guesthouse

7606 14

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Rani - Indigo Skyways 2014.pdf 1 2014/05/08 3:09 PM

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The BIGGEST selection of real canvas tents in Africa

Tel: +27 11 397 6451/2Fax: +27 11 397 6421

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PGA Teaching Professional

Gordon Millar082 957 [email protected]

Fourways, MidrandJohannesburg

Offers lessons for:Individual, Private, Junior, Ladies Clinic, Chipping, Pitching, Putting, Groups, Couples, Corporate and Video Analysis

7906 14

sky | cafe

Free Goods in Transit Insurance up to

R300 000We look after yours, as if it were our own!

• WeeklytripstoGautengandback• MonthlytripstotheCapeandback• Localmoves–GoodRates• Contractworkwelcome

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E-mail: [email protected] - Website: www.riverhouse.co.za

River House Guest LodgeOn the banks of the Crocodile River

Kruger National Park

Signature of excellencewww.kanu.co.za

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8106 14

sky | cafe

Casambo Exclusive Guest Lodge

An exclusive retreat that offers Luxury Accommodation in fully self contained units.

Ideally situated only 5 minutes from Kruger Mpumalanga International Airport

5 star function and wedding venue with state of the art equipment, trendy VIP lounge,

Vibey cigar lounge and a wooden deck overlooking beautiful appointed gardens.

Call: 013 007 0163 or Cell 072 277 6830

e-mail: [email protected]

website: www.casambo.co.za

Take a break from the ordinary

C A S T E R B R I D G EOver 35 Delectable Speciality Shops

Cinema & Music Development CentreArt Gallery & Vintage Car Museum

Restaurants & Coffee ShopsGym, Wellness Centre & Pilates Studio

4* Casterbridge Hollow Hotel & Wedding & Conference Facilities

www.casterbridgehollow.co.zawww.casterbridge.co.za

Cnr of Hazyview Road (R40) & Numbi Road (R538)White River | Mpumalanga

S H O P | P L AY | E AT | S L E E P

L I F E S T Y L E C E N T R E - W H I T E R I V E R

8206 14

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WE SPECIALIZE IN THE FOLLOWING: • State Auctions• Municipal Auctions• General Auctions

Nothing Too Big or Too Small.

Plot 15 Dalmada Polokwane

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PLANTS AT WHOLESALE PRICES

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Ben van der Merwe 083 271 1850

Tel 011 468 2090 or email [email protected]

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8306 14

sky | cafe

Cape Town - Skukuza - Cape Town (NEW ROUTE: Effective 2 June 2014)

Golf Bags: 1 bag at 15kg free baggage allowance – golf bags must be pre-booked with your booking agent.

TIMETABLE effective 01 JUNE 2014

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.F L I G H T S – Domestic

Cape Town - George - Cape TownSA8621 Cape Town - George 7:15 8:05 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 AirlinkSA8625 Cape Town - George 9:30 10:20 6 ER3 AirlinkSA8631 Cape Town - George 11:30 12:20 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 AirlinkSA8633 Cape Town - George 13:30 14:20 6 ER3 AirlinkSA8639 Cape Town - George 14:15 15:05 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 AirlinkSA8641 Cape Town - George 14:30 15:20 7 ER3 AirlinkSA8635 Cape Town - George 16:45 17:40 1 2 3 ER3 AirlinkSA8635 Cape Town - George 16:45 17:40 3 5 7 ER3 AirlinkSA8622 George - Cape Town 8:30 9:20 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 AirlinkSA8630 George - Cape Town 10:45 11:35 6 ER3 AirlinkSA8632 George - Cape Town 13:00 13:50 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 AirlinkSA8634 George - Cape Town 14:45 15:35 6 ER3 AirlinkSA8638 George - Cape Town 15:25 16:15 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 AirlinkSA8642 George - Cape Town 15:40 16:30 7 ER3 AirlinkSA8636 George - Cape Town 18:10 19:05 1 2 3 ER3 AirlinkSA8636 George - Cape Town 18:10 19:05 4 5 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8617 Cape Town - Kimberley 16:30 18:05 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 AirlinkSA8615 Cape Town - Kimberley 16:50 18:25 7 ER3 AirlinkSA8618 Kimberley - Cape Town 18:30 20:05 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 AirlinkSA8616 Kimberley - Cape Town 18:45 20:20 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8663 Cape Town - Nelspruit 10:00 12:35 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AR8 AirlinkSA8664 Nelspruit - Cape Town 13:15 15:55 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AR8 Airlink SA8651 Cape Town - Skukuza 10:35 13:05 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 AirlinkSA8652 Skukuza - Cape Town 11:20 13:55 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8645 Cape Town - Upington 7:10 8:30 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 AirlinkSA8647 Cape Town - Upington 10:45 12:05 7 ER3 AirlinkSA8643 Cape Town - Upington 16:35 17:55 5 ER3 AirlinkSA8646 Upington - Cape Town 8:50 10:10 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 AirlinkSA8648 Upington - Cape Town 12:50 14:10 7 ER3 AirlinkSA8644 18:15 19:35 5 ER3 Airlink

SA8531 Durban - Bloemfontein 6:50 7:55 1 2 3 4 5 J41 AirlinkSA8535 Durban - Bloemfontein 15:15 16:40 7 J41 AirlinkSA8537 Durban - Bloemfontein 16:35 17:40 1 2 3 4 5 J41 AirlinkSA8532 Bloemfontein - Durban 8:15 9:15 1 2 3 4 5 J41 AirlinkSA8536 Bloemfontein - Durban 17:30 18:35 7 J41 AirlinkSA8538 Bloemfontein - Durban 18:00 19:00 1 2 3 4 5 J41 Airlink

SA8515 Durban - George 9:40 11:30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 AirlinkSA8514 George - Durban 11:50 13:15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8507 Durban - Nelspruit 6:45 8:05 1 2 3 4 5 J41 AirlinkSA8505 Durban - Nelspruit 13:45 14:45 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 AirlinkSA8508 Nelspruit - Durban 8:25 9:45 1 2 3 4 5 J41 AirlinkSA8506 Nelspruit - Durban 15:10 16:10 1 2 3 4 5 6 ER3 AirlinkSA8510 Nelspruit - Durban 17:35 18:35 7 ER3 Airlink SA8401 Johannesburg - Bloemfontein 7:00 8:00 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 AirlinkSA8403 Johannesburg - Bloemfontein 9:40 11:00 1 2 3 4 5 J41 AirlinkSA8405 Johannesburg - Bloemfontein 12:55 14:15 1 2 3 4 5 J41 AirlinkSA8407 Johannesburg - Bloemfontein 17:20 18:20 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 AirlinkSA8402 Bloemfontein - Johannesburg 8:35 9:35 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 AirlinkSA8404 Bloemfontein - Johannesburg 11:20 12:35 1 2 3 4 5 J41 Airlink SA8406 Bloemfontein - Johannesburg 14:35 15:50 1 2 3 4 5 J41 Airlink SA8408 Bloemfontein - Johannesburg 18:55 19:55 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 Airlink SA8421 Johannesburg - Kimberley 7:30 8:40 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 AirlinkSA8427 Johannesburg - Kimberley 16:15 17:25 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 AirlinkSA8422 Kimberley - Johannesburg 9:15 10:25 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 AirlinkSA8428 Kimberley - Johannesburg 18:00 19:10 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 Airlink

Cape Town - Kimberley - Cape Town

Cape Town - Nelspruit - Cape Town

Cape Town - Upington - Cape Town

Durban - Bloemfontein - Durban

Durban - Nelspruit - Durban

Johannesburg - Bloemfontein - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Kimberley - Johannesburg

FLIGHT ROUTE DEPARTURE ARRIVAL FREQUENCY AIRCRAFT OPERATED BY

Durban - George - Durban

8406 14

Airlink's REGIONAL AND DOMESTIC flights check-in Terminal B counters B89

- B101 at OR Tambo International Airport.

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F L I G H T S – DomesticFLIGHT ROUTE DEPARTURE ARRIVAL FREQUENCY AIRCRAFT OPERATED BY

Johannesburg - Polokwane - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Pietermaritzburg - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Richards Bay - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Skukuza - Johannesburg (NEW ROUTE: Effective 2 June 2014)

Johannesburg - Upington - Johannesburg

SA8823 Johannesburg - Nelspruit 6:30 7:20 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 Airlink

SA8827 Johannesburg - Nelspruit 9:00 9:50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8843 Johannesburg - Nelspruit 10:00 10:50 1 2 3 *4 5 6 *7 ER3 Airlink

SA8841 Johannesburg - Nelspruit 11:10 11:55 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AR8 Airlink

SA8845 Johannesburg - Nelspruit 15:30 16:15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AR8 Airlink

SA8829 Johannesburg - Nelspruit 16:25 17:15 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8849 Johannesburg - Nelspruit 17:30 18:20 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 Airlink

SA8824 Nelspruit - Johannesburg 7:40 8:35 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 Airlink

SA8828 Nelspruit - Johannesburg 10:10 11:05 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8842 Nelspruit - Johannesburg 13:35 14:25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AR8 Airlink

SA8830 Nelspruit - Johannesburg 15:05 16:00 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8846 Nelspruit - Johannesburg 16:40 17:30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AR8 Airlink



SA8851 Johannesburg - Phalaborwa 6:25 7:35 1 2 3 4 J41 Airlink

SA8853 Johannesburg - Phalaborwa 11:45 12:55 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 J41 Airlink

SA8857 Johannesburg - Phalaborwa 16:20 17:30 1 2 3 4 5 7 J41 Airlink

SA8852 Phalaborwa - Johannesburg 8:00 9:20 1 2 3 4 J41 Airlink

SA8854 Phalaborwa - Johannesburg 13:15 14:35 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 J41 Airlink

SA8858 Phalaborwa - Johannesburg 17:50 19:10 1 2 3 4 5 7 J41 Airlink

SA8801 Johannesburg - Polokwane 6:35 7:25 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 Airlink

SA8809 Johannesburg - Polokwane 10:50 11:40 1 2 3 4 5 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8809 Johannesburg - Polokwane 10:50 11:40 6 J41 Airlink


SA8817 Johannesburg - Polokwane 15:15 16:05 6 J41 Airlink


SA8802 Polokwane - Johannesburg 7:55 8:50 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 Airlink

SA8810 Polokwane - Johannesburg 12:00 12:55 1 2 3 4 5 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8810 Polokwane - Johannesburg 12:00 12:55 6 J41 Airlink

SA8818 Polokwane - Johannesburg 16:25 17:20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8818 Polokwane - Johannesburg 16:25 17:20 6 J41 Airlink

SA8816 Polokwane - Johannesburg 18:15 19:10 1 2 3 4 5 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8747 Johannesburg - Pietermaritzburg 7:00 8:00 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 Airlink

SA8735 Johannesburg - Pietermaritzburg 12:15 13:15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8741 Johannesburg - Pietermaritzburg 16:00 17:00 1 2 3 4 5 7 AR8 Airlink

SA8739 Johannesburg - Pietermaritzburg 18:15 19:15 1 2 3 4 5 7 AR8 Airlink

SA8730 Pietermaritzburg - Johannesburg 6:45 7:45 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 Airlink

SA8732 Pietermaritzburg - Johannesburg 8:30 9:30 1 2 3 4 5 6 AR8 Airlink

SA8736 Pietermaritzburg - Johannesburg 14:00 15:05 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8742 Pietermaritzburg - Johannesburg 17:25 18:25 1 2 3 4 5 7 AR8 Airlink

SA8441 Johannesburg - Richards Bay 7:15 8:35 1 2 3 4 5 J41 Airlink

SA8447 Johannesburg - Richards Bay 15:00 16:20 1 2 3 4 5 J41 Airlink

SA8442 Richards Bay - Johannesburg 9:00 10:30 1 2 3 4 5 J41 Airlink

SA8448 Richards Bay - Johannesburg 16:40 18:10 1 2 3 4 5 J41 Airlink

SA8861 Johannesburg - Skukuza 10:00 10:55 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

*SA8865 Johannesburg - Skukuza 13:20 14:10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8862 Skukuza - Johannesburg 13:30 14:35 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

*SA8866 Skukuza - Johannesburg 14:50 15:35 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8761 Johannesburg - Upington 7:10 8:40 1 2 3 4 ER3 Airlink

SA8767 Johannesburg - Upington 11:00 12:30 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 Airlink

SA8769 Johannesburg - Upington 15:30 17:00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8762 Upington - Johannesburg 9:00 10:35 1 2 3 4 ER3 Airlink

SA8768 Upington - Johannesburg 12:50 14:25 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 Airlink

SA8770 Upington - Johannesburg 17:20 18:55 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

Johannesburg - Nelspruit - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Phalaborwa - Johannesburg

*Route effective from 1 August 2014 **Route effective from 4 August 2014

8506 14

Nelspruit - Livingstone - Nelspruit

Johannesburg - Lusaka - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Harare - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Manzini - Johannesburg

Golf Bags: 1 bag at 15kg free baggage allowance – golf bags must be pre-booked with your booking agent.


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.F L I G H T S – Domestic

FLIGHT ROUTE DEPARTURE ARRIVAL FREQUENCY AIRCRAFT OPERATED BY

SA8480 Port Elizabeth - East London 7:00 7:45 1 2 3 4 5 J41 Airlink

SA8488 Port Elizabeth - East London 16:15 17:00 1 2 3 4 5 J41 Airlink

SA8481 East London - Port Elizabeth 8:05 8:55 1 2 3 4 5 J41 Airlink

SA8489 East London - Port Elizabeth 17:20 18:10 1 2 3 4 5 J41 Airlink

SA8751 Johannesburg - Mthatha 6:15 7:30 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 Airlink

SA8753 Johannesburg - Mthatha 8:20 9:35 6 ER3 Airlink

SA8755 Johannesburg - Mthatha 16:15 17:30 1 2 3 4 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8755 Johannesburg - Mthatha 16:15 17:30 5 AR8 Airlink

SA8752 Mthatha - Johannesburg 7:50 9:05 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 Airlink

SA8754 Mthatha - Johannesburg 9:55 11:10 6 ER3 Airlink

SA8756 Mthatha - Johannesburg 18:00 19:15 1 2 3 4 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8756 Mthatha - Johannesburg 18:00 19:15 5 AR8 Airlink

SA8290 Durban - Maputo 10:10 11:25 1 2 3 4 5 J41 AirlinkSA8291 Maputo - Durban 11:45 13:05 1 2 3 4 5 J41 Airlink SA8252 Johannesburg - Antananarivo 10:00 14:10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AR8 AirlinkSA8253 Antananarivo - Johannesburg 15:00 17:40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AR8 Airlink

SA8214 Johannesburg - Beira 11:30 13:10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 AirlinkSA8215 Beira - Johannesburg 13:30 15:20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink SA8110 Johannesburg - Bulawayo 10:40 12:05 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AR8 AirlinkSA8111 Bulawayo - Johannesburg 12:50 14:25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AR8 Airlink SA8450 Johannesburg - Gaborone 7:20 8:15 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 AirlinkSA8458 Johannesburg - Gaborone 16:45 17:40 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 AirlinkSA8451 Gaborone - Johannesburg 8:55 9:50 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 AirlinkSA8459 Gaborone - Johannesburg 18:20 19:15 2 3 4 5 AR8 Airlink SA8306 Johannesburg - Kasane 11:45 13:25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 AirlinkSA8307 Kasane - Johannesburg 13:55 15:45 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink SA8870 Nelspruit - Livingstone 11:35 13:10 1 2 3 5 6 ER3 AirlinkSA8871 Livingstone - Nelspruit 13:45 15:25 1 2 3 5 6 ER3 Airlink

SA8160 Johannesburg - Lusaka 6:35 8:30 1 2 3 4 5 6 ER3 AirlinkSA8164 Johannesburg - Lusaka 15:45 17:40 1 2 3 4 5 7 ER3 AirlinkSA8161 Lusaka - Johannesburg 9:00 11:05 1 2 3 4 5 6 ER3 AirlinkSA8165 Lusaka - Johannesburg 18:20 20:25 1 2 3 4 5 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8100 Johannesburg - Harare 6:30 8:20 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 AirlinkSA8102 Johannesburg - Harare 16:15 18:05 3 4 AR8 AirlinkSA8102 Johannesburg - Harare 16:15 18:05 1 2 5 7 ER3 AirlinkSA8101 Harare - Johannesburg 8:50 10:35 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 AirlinkSA8103 Harare - Johannesburg 18:45 20:30 3 4 AR8 AirlinkSA8103 Harare - Johannesburg 18:45 20:30 1 2 5 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8012 Johannesburg - Manzini 6:50 7:35 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 Swazi - AirlinkSA8992 Johannesburg - Manzini 10:05 10:50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Swazi - AirlinkSA8994 Johannesburg - Manzini 12:40 13:25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Swazi - Airlink

SA8014 Johannesburg - Manzini 16:05 16:50 1 2 3 4 5 7 ER3 Swazi - Airlink

Port Elizabeth - East London - Port Elizabeth

Johannesburg - Mthatha - Johannesburg

Durban - Maputo - Durban

Johannesburg - Antananarivo - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Beira - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Bulawayo - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Kasane - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Gaborone - Johannesburg

F L I G H T S – RegionalFLIGHT ROUTE DEPARTURE ARRIVAL FREQUENCY AIRCRAFT OPERATED BY

8606 14

MEMBER

EXCESS BAGGAGE AND SPORTING EQUIPMENT: Refer to www.flyairlink.com Important information & Conditions of Carriage Clause 8 Baggage 8.3Whilst every effort has been made to ensure accuracy of content of the published timetable, both operational and strategic issues cause timetable changes.Due to the forward lead time required for publication, these often cannot be duly reflected. Should this occur, Airlink and its agents are not responsible for any errors, omissions, losses or detriments arising from the publication.

• Flight schedules subject to change • Contact your booking agent for these conditions

For reservations visit www.flyairlink.com, your travel agent or SAA Central Reservations on +27 11-978 1111 Whe

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Day 1 = Monday, Day 7 = Sunday

F L I G H T S – RegionalFLIGHT ROUTE DEPARTURE ARRIVAL FREQUENCY AIRCRAFT OPERATED BY

Johannesburg - Maseru - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Ndola - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Pemba - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Tete - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Vilankulos - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Nampula - Johannesburg

Johannesburg - Maun - Johannesburg

Nelspruit - Vilankulos (NEW ROUTE)

*As of 19 June 2014 Vilankulos – Johannesburg will be a daily service


SA8996 Johannesburg - Manzini 17:00 17:45 6 ER3 Swazi - Airlink

SA8998 Johannesburg - Manzini 18:30 19:15 5 ER3 Swazi - Airlink

SA8013 Manzini - Johannesburg 8:05 9:00 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 Swazi - Airlink

SA8991 Manzini - Johannesburg 8:05 9:00 6 ER3 Swazi - Airlink

SA8997 Manzini - Johannesburg 8:05 9:00 7 ER3 Swazi - Airlink

SA8993 Manzini - Johannesburg 11:10 12:05 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Swazi - Airlink

SA8995 Manzini - Johannesburg 13:50 14:45 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Swazi - Airlink

SA8015 Manzini - Johannesburg 17:10 18:05 1 2 3 4 5 7 ER3 Swazi - Airlink

SA8050 Johannesburg - Maseru 6:40 7:35 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 Airlink

SA8052 Johannesburg - Maseru 9:45 10:40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8060 Johannesburg - Maseru 13:00 14:00 6 7 ER3 Airlink



SA8051 Maseru - Johannesburg 8:10 9:05 1 2 3 4 5 ER3 Airlink

SA8053 Maseru - Johannesburg 11:00 11:55 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8061 Maseru - Johannesburg 14:35 15:45 6 7 ER3 Airlink



SA8300 Johannesburg - Maun 11:45 13:15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AR8 Airlink

SA8301 Maun - Johannesburg 14:00 15:40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AR8 Airlink

SA8230 Johannesburg - Nampula 11:10 13:40 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 Airlink

SA8230 Johannesburg - Nampula 11:10 13:40 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8231 Nampula - Johannesburg 14:15 16:50 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 Airlink

SA8231 Nampula - Johannesburg 14:15 16:50 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8158 Johannesburg - Ndola 6:20 8:30 1 2 3 4 ER3 Airlink

SA8154 Johannesburg - Ndola 9:45 12:15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AR8 Airlink

SA8156 Johannesburg - Ndola 15:15 17:25 5 ER3 Airlink

SA8159 Ndola - Johannesburg 9:00 11:15 1 2 3 4 ER3 Airlink

SA8155 Ndola - Johannesburg 12:55 15:25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AR8 Airlink

SA8157 Ndola - Johannesburg 17:55 20:10 5 ER3 Airlink

SA8204 Johannesburg - Pemba 11:30 14:20 1 3 4 5 6 ER3 Airlink

SA8205 Pemba - Johannesburg 14:50 17:45 1 3 4 5 6 ER3 Airlink

SA8220 Johannesburg - Tete 10:35 12:40 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 Airlink

SA8221 Tete - Johannesburg 13:25 15:45 1 2 3 4 5 AR8 Airlink

SA8260 Johannesburg - Vilankulos 11:30 13:10 1 2 3 5 6 ER3 Airlink

*SA8261 Vilankulos - Johannesburg 13:45 15:30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ER3 Airlink

SA8258 Nelspruit - Vilankulos 11:35 12:50 4 7 ER3 Airlink

Johannesburg - Manzini - Johannesburg

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How do you right your golf swing speed issues and get your timing back on track? You will find that you may have swung beautifully, everything was in sync, but the golf ball travelled to the left of your target. To right this you need to slow down the turning of your hips to permit the golf club more time to return back to the golf ball at impact prior to clearing out completely.

In order to open and near the clubface during the golf swing sequence the hands move back during the backswing, hinge in the leading from the backswing, return the club to square at impact, and release the club afterwards.

To learn how to hit a driver properly, or how you can hit a golf ball with any club, two issues should be kept in mind: speed trumps strength, and striking the ball cleanly indicates distance. When we talk of speed, we talk about producing club speed from quickness via coordinated work from numerous areas of the body, and never of brute strength.

CoordinationCoordination is essentially the capability of the physique to activate body components inside a sequential order

to create a preferred motion. Look at walking, for example. Your body needs to work in tandem to create this motion. The golf swing is essentially exactly the same. Your body must ‘fire’ the muscles in a particular order at the correct timing to create the motion of the golf swing technique. The core is actively involved in the coordination of the swing action, as will be the rest of the body. The two points to concentrate upon in terms of coordination are timing and sequence. Both of these are essential to get a mechanically effective golf swing sequence. The sequence in which muscle tissue is ‘fired’ in the swing action needs certain timing for an effective swing to happen.

In order to carry out these components of the golf swing properly, the muscles of one's physique

must be versatile. An inflexible body in which muscles are ‘tight’ creates restrictions in movement. This will undoubtedly lead to limitations

pertaining to your golf swing. The limitation will impede a complete

shoulder turn and balanced finish position. This leads to compensations within the mechanics of the golf swing.

One of the most frequent errors of a golf swing technique is the constant

over-swinging of the golf clubs. Try to curb this habit. Hitting the golf ball the right way will feel simple and smooth.

Lastly, the concept of ‘core training’ is a buzz word in today's fitness and training community. It has also become a prevalent concept in the game of golf. The core area of the body is where the ‘power’ comes from for your swing, and in order to make a complete turn you need

flexibility within the core.

Text | Arno Visagie

The correct technique will ensure power, accuracy

and a winning scorecard

the golf swing sequence can be complex, and

chances are that as an avid player you are always looking for methods to improve yours. There are some simple stability errors that many people make that can be fixed. Here are two golf swing technique suggestions to improve your stability and right some of the basic problems you might have.

Get more rotation in your golf swingIn the groove

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The number of countries that border on South Africa

Of all languages are spoken only in Africa

six 25%time | out

Jetstream 4100 - Regional Turboprop AirlinerNumber of aircraftMaximum PassengersLengthWing SpanHeightFuel capacityMaximum Operating AltitudeCruising Speed

2919.25m18.29m5.74m2 600kg25 000ft500km/h

ERJ 135-LR - Regional Jet Airliner and Corporate JetNumber of aircraftMaximum PassengersLengthWing SpanHeightFuel capacityMaximum Operating AltitudeCruising Speed

3726.34m20.04m6.75m5 000kg37 000ft800km/h

Avro RJ85 - Regional Jet AirlinerNumber of aircraftMaximum PassengersSeating ClassesLengthWing SpanHeightFuel capacityMaximum Operating AltitudeMaximum Cruising Speed

83228.60m26.21m8.61m9 362kg35 000ft780km/h

30036 Airlink_Fleet Page - Skywaysp.indd 1 2013/12/13 9:13 AM

25%

The World Cup is a very important way to measure the good players, and the great ones. It is a test of a great player.Pelé

In '82 Brazil showed that you can't win the World Cup without a solid defence.Alan Hansen

You have to show up in the World Cup, and in the World Cup anything can happen.Lionel Messi

The boy can do anything, but to be the star of the World Cup you have got to get to the final and win it!Alan Hansen

We South Africans are also crazy about football, so the World Cup can be nothing but successful.Jacob Zuma

I like English football, always have. It's just that people go on about the World Cup in 1986 and then I'm seen as the real bad boy.Diego Maradona

After all these years, I'm finally into soccer. The World Cup is on, and my band is an international group – they're all around me, cheering in the hotel bars.Art Garfunkel

The World Cup experience is more than just the game of soccer. It's an event. And it will fly by faster than you think. It will end and you'll be saying, 'Wow, it's over already?' You have to remember to take it all in and enjoy it.Cobi Jones

A penalty is a cowardly way to score. Pelé

The FIFA World Cup is the most coveted sporting prize in team sport. And it has stirred the emotions

of some of the game’s greatest players. Here are some memorable quotes from the people’s game

Cup of glory90

06 14

time | out

The number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa www.unesco.org

Of people who are hit by lightning are men

129 80%

Everybody in Argentina can remember 'the hand of God' in the England match in the 1986 World Cup. Now, in my country, the 'hand of God' has brought us an Argentinian pope.Diego Maradona

Football became my life at five or six. The earliest memory I have is of playing in my first boots, a pair of black and white Alan Balls. It was 1970, four years after the World Cup, and I scored three goals at school.Vinnie Jones

Leading my country out at the World Cup was something I'll never forget.Mark Viduka

I realised that the political context had got worse since the 2010 World Cup. I tried to ignore it but I wanted, as a national coach – you may call this utopia – to make Catalans and Basques feel good about supporting a Spanish side... to unite even the most sectarian and nationalist.Vicente del Bosque

It is well documented that I am a lifelong football fan. My love of the British game started with the 1966 World Cup.Alisher Usmanov

The important thing for me was that the World Cup should travel round the world.Sepp Blatter

Many people say I'm the best women's soccer player in the world. I don't think so. And because of that, someday I just might be. Mia Hamm

Football is the ballet of the masses. Dmitri Shostakovich

I am not a perfectionist, but I like to feel that things are done well. It is my conviction that there are no limits to learning, and that it can never stop, no matter what our age. Cristiano Ronaldo

If TV were only an invention to broadcast soccer, it would be justified. Roberto Fontanarrosa

Brazil goes into every World Cup expecting to win – so when it is in Brazil it is expected even more. You can't understand what the World Cup means to our country.Ronaldinho

Soccer is a great game, and the rich variety of styles and passions that come with being truly global makes the World Cup a nonpareil event in the universe of competitive sport.Serge Schmemann

Everything I know about morality and the obligations of men, I owe it to football (soccer). Albert Camus

The rules of soccer are very simple, basically it is this: if it moves, kick it. If it doesn't move, kick it until it does. Phil Woosnam

Soccer isn't the same as Bach or Buddhism. But it is often more deeply felt than religion, and just as much a part of the community's fabric, a repository of traditions. Franklin Foer

And one fine day the goddess of the wind kisses the foot of man, that mistreated, scorned foot, and from that kiss the soccer idol is born. He is born in a straw crib in a tin-roofed shack and he enters the world clinging to a ball.Eduardo Galeano

The World Cup must remain the number one competition, because it is our only source of money and, with that money, we can develop football in the whole world.Sepp Blatter

It seems that soccer tournaments create those relationships: people gathered together in pubs and living rooms, a whole country suddenly caring about the same event. A World Cup is the sort of common project that otherwise barely exists in modern societies. Simon Kuper

Complaining about boring football is a little like complaining about the sad ending of King Lear: it misses the point somehow. Nick Hornby

Before kids can play like a pro, they must enjoy playing the game like a kid. Steve Locker

Football is the poetry of a motion. Pubudu Lasal Dissanayake

While we were on Robben Island, the only access to the World Cup was on radio. Football was the only joy to prisoners.Nelson Mandela

9106 14

When illegal gambling houses in England employed a person to swallow the dice if there was a police raid

South Africa’s approximate police to population ratio in 2011

18th century 1:308

10YOU DIDN’T know about… Football World Cup

6 Brazil's Ronaldo has scored 15 goals at three World Cups (1998, 2002 and 2006), a tournament

record.

7 Australia defeated American Samoa 31-0 in 2001, the largest margin of victory ever in a World Cup

qualifying game.

8 Italian goalkeeper Dino Zoff was 40 when he became the oldest player ever to win the World Cup,

at the 1982 tournament in Spain.

9 The aftermath of the Second World War caused the cancellation of the 1946 World Cup.

10 Uruguay's José Batista was red-carded a mere 56 seconds into a first-round game against Scotland at

the 1986 World Cup, the fastest ejection in tournament history.


1 Every match at the inaugural 1930 World Cup in Uruguay was played in one city: Montevideo.

2 Brazil's Pelé is the only player to win three World Cups: in 1958, 1962 and 1970.

3 The World Cup trophy went missing when it was stolen prior to the 1966 Cup in England. A

dog named Pickles, being taken out for a walk by his owner in South London, discovered the trophy wrapped in newspapers at the bottom of some bushes a week after it was taken.

4 Turkey's Hakan Sukur scored 11 seconds into the game against South Korea in 2002, the quickest

goal in World Cup history.

5 Russian referee Valentin Ivanov brandished 16 yellow cards (tying a tournament record) in a

second-round match at the 2006 World Cup in Germany between Portugal and the Netherlands.

the

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time | out

The year in which the Vredefort Dome in the Free State was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Of the three largest telescopes in the world is housed at Sutherland in the Karoo

2005 one

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4

oneThe date the Nasdaq Stock Exchange was shut down due to a squirrel burrowing through a phone line

10 December 1987

A. Facial hair Questions1. Blackbeard’s ship was called Queen Anne’s what?2. In which town might you have encountered moustachioed

hotelkeeper Basil Fawlty?3. What facial hair did this man give his name to? 4. On what famous painting did Marcel Duchamp plant a

moustache and goatee?5. What animal inspired the name of a particularly thick

and bushy type of moustache?

6. What is ‘strictly prohibited’ from London’s venerable Handlebar Club?

Answers1. Revenge2. Torquay3. Sideburns. Courtesy of General Ambrose Burnsides4. Mona Lisa5. Walrus6. Beards

B. Golf Questions1. What Georgia city is home to the Masters Tournament?2. In Happy Gilmore, what sandwich chain hired Happy

as a spokesperson?3. What ‘big’ plant has lived near the clubhouse at

Augusta National since the 1850s?4. Name the legendary South African golfer who penned

How to Build a Classic Golf Swing.5. Which of these is not a golf term – birdie, ducky or

eagle?6. What are the two main ingredients in an Arnold

Palmer?

Answers1. Augusta2. Subway3. Oak tree. It’s known as the ‘big oak tree’4. Ernie Els5. Ducky6. Iced tea and lemonade

C. Dance Questions1. What is the name of the traditional dance of the Maori

of New Zeeland, performed in a group with vigorous movements and a shouted verse?

Didya know?

Clue to A3

Put your grey matter to the test

9406 14

time | out

The age of the youngest person to receive a bachelor’s degree

10 years, five monthsThe age of Britain’s youngest prime minister, William Pitt

24

Clue to C6

2. What was the name of dancer Li Cunxin’s memoir that was also turned into a 2009 film?

3. What famous American dancer’s fondness for scarves led to her death?

4. What popular French dance was often depicted in the artwork of Toulouse-Lautrec?

5. What type of insect is known for ‘dancing’ in a figure-eight pattern?

6. What form of social dance is now a competitive sport?

Answers1. Haka. There are several types of Hakas for different

occasions.2. Mao’s Last Dancer3. Isadora Duncan. She died after her scarf became

entangled in a car wheel.4. Can-can5. Honey bee6. Ballroom

9506 14

Of all cases of malaria worldwide occur in Africa

90%The amount that the pupil of the human eye can expand with when it sees something pleasing

45%

But if there is one thing you do not do, it’s lunging in the general direction of my head from above with the intention to kill. This is exactly what a lizard attempted recently. Fortunately, I managed to dive, in slow-mo of course, out of his path just in time. The beast was not able to get a choking grip on my delicate neck and instead just bumped against my shoulder and dropped down onto the floor.

After my display of fast reflexes in the form of a cool Matrix-style dodge I thought it was all over, that I was safe. I thought the lizard would be too impressed, intimidated with my elite skills and would start to fear me. Boy was I wrong. This monster was no ordinary lizard. He was completely out of his mind. A true fighter.

After the rough landing on my kitchen floor the lizard ran towards me rather than away from me! Maybe this was an egotistical lizard who was not prepared to lose his pride. He ran with such a menacing look in his beady eyes and at such a pace it made me think for a millisecond that I may be dealing with something that is much stronger than me.

A feeling of helplessness and panic ran through me. I started scanning the place looking for a weapon; a chair, a spoon, anything. I found nothing.

At this point I knew deep down all was lost. I did what all sane men do when they are up against a ruthless killer. A killer who does not know the meaning of the words mercy, compassion and love. I ran.

I jumped up over the beast and sprinted towards the exit. I did not dare look over my shoulder as I knew what was following me – death! I ran at full pace towards my bedroom door, panting, shaking and screaming while I forced my legs to keep moving.

When you are in such a situation as I was, when you are the one being chased by a predator – as cheesy as this sounds – time does seem to slow down, your senses become sharper. Now I truly know what ‘eternity’ means because that is exactly how long I seemed to have spent before I saw the warm light of my room. The rays danced on my tired and broken body bringing with it hope, hope of survival. I dived towards the light, pushing the bedroom door closed behind me with full force.

BANG!!!Ahhh, that sweet sound when wood crashes into wood.

I knew I was out of harm’s way at last. I did next what all men do when they know they’ve narrowly escaped certain death. I fell down on my knees and thanked God, and then I changed my underwear.

Text | Abdul Nusrat Photography | Shutterstock

talespin

Let me just make one thing clear before I proceed. I am generally an animal-loving person. If a dog comes to my house and goes number one on the fence, fine, no problem. Squirrels gather near the gate and perform acts sexual in nature, no big deal.

schoolgirl screamsLizard-induced

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skyways magazine june 2014

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