SKIN & BODY SENSES

SKIN SENSES COMPRISED OF:

PRESSURE TEMPERATURE PAIN

DETERMINED BY THE NUMBER OF PAIN RECPETORS IN A GIVEN AREA

NECK & BACK OF THE KNEE HAVE MANY

BODY SENSES KINESTHESIS

INFORMS BRAIN ABOUT THE POSITION AND MOTION OF THE BODY

VESTIBULAR SENSE INFORMS THE BRAIN AS TO THE

VERTICAL POSITION OF THE BODY

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PERCEPTION

Rules of Perception

Closure The tendency to perceive a

complete or whole figure even when there are gaps in what your senses tell you

Figure-Ground Perception The perception of figures

against a background

Figure-Ground Perception

Proximity Tendency to group together

visual & auditory events that are near each other

Proximity

Similarity Tendency to group together

elements that seem alike

Similarity

Continuity

A third principle of perceptual organization is that of good continuity. This principle is that contours based on smooth continuity are preferred to abrupt changes of direction. Here, for instance, we are more likely to identify lines a-b and c-d crossing than to identify a-d and c-b or a-c and d-b as lines.

Continuity Tendency to group stimuli

into continuous patterns

Common Fate Tendency to perceive

objects that are moving together as belonging together

Stroboscopic Motion

Visual illusion in which the perception of motion is generated by the presentation of a series of stationary images in rapid succession

Flip book

Depth Perception Monocular Cues for Depth Monocular cues need only one

eye to be perceived and make objects on a 2-D surface appear to be 3-D

Ex. Artists using perspective, clearness, overlapping, shadowing, texture

Depth Perception Binocular Cues for Depth Binocular cues require both

eyes to see the effect

Perceptual Constancies

Size

Tendency to perceive an object as being of one size no matter how far away it is

Color

Tendency to perceive an object is equally bright even when the intensity of the light around it changes

Ex. – Shirts in the movie theatre

Brightness

Tendency to perceive an object as being equally as bright even when the intensity of the light around it changes

Shape

The knowledge that an object has the same shape no matter what angle it is perceived from

Shape Constancy

VISUAL ILLUSIONS

Muller-Lyer Illusion

more illusions