sixtieth critical bibliography of the history and philosophy of science and of the history of...

Sixtieth Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of the History ofCivilization (to October 1940)Author(s): George Sarton and Frances SiegelSource: Isis, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Mar., 1941), pp. 84-180Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/330662 .

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Sixtieth Critical Bibliography of the

History and Philosophy of Science and of the History of Civilization (to October 1940)

rT HE latest Critical Bibliography to see the light was the fifty-seventh (to May 1939) which appeared in our vol. 31, p. 121-296, 1939 (dis- tributed in the United States, January 1940). Two other Bibliog-

raphies were being printed at the time of the German invasion of Bel- gium, the 58th was actually page-proofed (vol. 31, 491-608), the 59th was to appear in vol. 32. German treachery and brutality stopped their publication. These two bibliographies contain respectively 780 and 540 notes, that is, a total of 1320 notes which are temporarily lost. We do not know if and when they will appear; hence we are paralyzed, for we dare not reprint them in America as that might involve duplication.

It is the second time in a quarter of a century that the Germans have invaded my native country without right and without mercy causing thereby unspeakable misery to millions of innocent people.

This sixtieth Bibliography contains about 790 items. They have been kindly contributed by the twelve following scholars belonging to three different countries.

C. W. ADAMS (Hertford, England) J. PELSENEER (Brussels) I B. COHEN (Cambridge, Mass.) A. POGO (Cambridge, Mass.) R. . H EINDEL (Philadelphia) S. SAKANISHI (Washington, D. C.) C. A. KOFOID (Berkeley, Cal.) G. SARTON (Cambridge, Mass.) M. F. A. MONTAGU (Philadelphia) A. M. SAYILI (Cambridge, Mass.) D. NORMAN (Boston) W. WHITE (Los Angeles, Cal.)

This Bibliography includes as usual a series of addenda and errata to SARTON'S Introduction to the History of Science, vols. 1 and 2 (Balti- more and London, 1927 and 1931). Its purpose and methods have been explained in the preface to the 38th Critical Bibliography (Isis 20, 506-08).

The notes of this bibliography are based on an autopsy of the original books or articles, except in a few cases when various secondary notes (derived from reviews) relative to the same item confirm one another completely.

The historical classification (Part II) contains a new section, (IV) "The New World and Africa," divided into three subsections, (a) America,



Vlth B. C. to Vth B. C. 85

(b) Oceania, (c) Africa. (These subsections have not been numbered in order not to disturb the numbering of sections of Part III.)

I entreat the authors of relevant books and papers to send me copies of them as promptly as possible in order that their studies may be reg- istered in this bibliography and eventually reviewed and discussed. By so doing they will not simply help me and every other historian of science but they will help themselves in the best manner, for they will obtain for their work the most valuable publicity and its certain incorporation into the literature of the subject.

Most of the notes were selected by me. They were typed by Miss FRANCES SIEGEL and the typing read by I BERNARD COHEN. The proofs were read by Dr. A. POGO.

Harvard Library, 185, Cambridge, Mass. GEORGE SARTON

October 25, 1940

PART I

FUNDAMENTAL CLASSIFICATION (CENTURIAL)

VITH CENTURY B. C.

LAW, BIMALA CHURN. MAHAVIRA, HIS LIFE AND TEACHINGS. vii+119 p. London, LUZAC, 1937.

Reviewed by H. VON GLASENAPP, OLZ 41, 759-60, 1938.

VTH CENTURY B. C.

CABALLERO, RICARDO. EXPLICACION DE ALGUNOS LIBROS HIPOCRATICOS. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Publicaciones de la cdtedra de historia de la medicina 3, 195-233,1940.

(HIPPOCRATES). THE GENUINE WORKS OF HIPPOCRATES. Translated from the Greek by FRANCIS ADAMS. ix +384 p., 8 pl. London, BAILLIERE, TINDALL, 1939.

[Reprint.] Reviewed in Nature 145, 297, 1940.

POHLENZ, M. HIPPOKRATES UND DIE BEGRUNDUNG DER WISSENSCHAFTLICHEN MEDIZIN.

120 p. Berlin, DE GRUYTER, 1938.

Elaborate review by LUDWIG EDELSTEIN, American Journal of Philology 61, 221-29, 1940. The reviewer concludes: "To be sure, if the testimonies of MENO and PLATO are interpreted as I think they have to be, HIPPOCRATES is not the founder of the rvev,4ua

theory but of scientific medicine in the Platonic sense of the word science. Moreover, there is no book among the so-called Hippocratic writings which can be ascribed to HIPPOCRATES himself. That even from POHLENZ' point of view this could not be done, I believe, is certain. But I do not discuss this question, since I think that the interpretation on which POHLENZ relies in his attempt to establish the authenticity of certain books is not convincing. It is true that after a hundred years of research it is still im- possible to claim that the genuine works of HIPPOCRATES have been ascertained. But HIPPOCRATES' method, his doctrine are known, though his books are lost."



86 Vth B. C. to IVth B. C. (2)

UNVER, A. SUHEYL. HIPPOCRATE ET SA GRANDE PLACE DANS LA MYTHOLOGIE TURQUE. Turk tib tarihi arkivi 4, 22-26, 1939.

UNVER, A. SUHEYL. HIPPOCRATE ET SA GRANDE PLACE DANS LA MYTHOLOGIE TURQUE.

Archives balkaniques de medecine, chirurgie et leurs specialitEs 1, 10-14, 2 fig., 1939.

IVTH CENTURY B. C. (whole and first half)

EDELSTEIN, LUDWIG. PLATONISM OR ARISTOTELIANISM? A contribution to the history of medicine and science. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 757-69, 1940.

KLIBANSKY, RAYMUNDUS. PLATO LATINUS. Volumen I. Meno. Interprete Henrico Aristippo. Edidit VICTOR KORDEUTER. Recognovit et praefatione instruxit CARLOTTA LABOWSKY. XXI +92 p. London, Warburg Institute, 1940 (12 s.).

Text of the Latin translation by ARISTIPPUS of Catania (XII-2) c.1156. This is admirably edited and published with all the necessary paraphernalia and excellent Greek- Latin and Latin-Greek indices. A splendid publication which does credit to the editor and to the Warburg Institute. G.S.

TALLMADGE, G. KASTEN. MISCONCEPTION OF A UTOPIA. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 666-78, 1940.

IVTH CENTURY B. C. (second half)

JAEGER, W. DIOKLES VON KARYSTOS. DIE GRIECHISCHE MEDIZIN UND DIE SCHULE DES ARISTOTELES. 244 p. Berlin 1938.

Reviewed by LUDWIG EDELSTEIN, American Journal of Philology 61, 483-89, 1940. In my Introduction (vol. 1, 121), DIOCLES OF CARYSTOS had been placed in the time of PLATO. JAEGER has shown (the reviewer admits, conclusively) that DIOCLES was a contemporary of ARISTOTLE and was deeply influenced by Aristotelian philosophy, being the first physician of the "synthetic type," capable of integrating the achievements of the whole past. G.S.

PERCIVAL, GEOFFREY. ARISTOTLE ON FRIENDSHIP. XXXIX+151 p. Cambridge Uni-

versity Press, 1940 ($2.50). This work represents an original contribution to the problem of translating and com-

menting upon an Aristotelian text, in the present instance Books viii and ix of the Nicomachean Ethics, wherein ARISTOTLE discusses friendship. The method adopted by the translator-editor is intended, in his own words, "to make clear not only what ARIS- TOTLE says, but what he means. I have treated his text as though it were (as indeed I believe that it is) lecture-notes: and the full text of my 'expanded translation' represents the lecture as it should have been delivered. Thus the expanded translation as a whole can be read continuously: and the reader is able to grasp the meaning without diverting his attention to foot-notes. Further, the explanatory matter is distinguished from the translation by italics: and, if the italicized words be passed over in reading, it will be found that the words printed in Roman type can be read continuously, as a plain translation of the text. The reader is therefore able to grasp not only what ARISTOTLE means, but also how much of his meaning he has left unsaid." (p. xxxi).

No ancient writer could benefit more by the application of such a method than ARISTOTLE, and Mr. PERCIVAL appears to be of this opinion, for he would not apply such a method to the writing of PLATO, for example. Those who have tried to make sense out of so many passages in the existing English translations of ARISTOTLE, where such ob-



IVth B. C. (2) to IVth (1) 87

scure passages remain unexplained, will be the first to appreciate the value of such an approach to the translation of ARISTOTLE as Mr. PERCIVAL has here made. He has, in

my opinion, wholly succeeded in what he set out to do, and it is devoutly to be hoped that the example he has set will be imitated. M.F.A.M.

SCHIERBEEK, A. THEOPHRASTUS VAN ERESOS. DE VADER DER PLANTKUNDE. Biol. Jaarb. Dodonaea, vol. 7, 41-72, Antwerpen 1940 (in Dutch with French summary).

IIIRD CENTURY B. C. (whole and first half)

THAER, C. EINE GONIOMETRISCHE FORMEL BEI EUKLID. Zeitschr. f. mathem. u. naturw. Unterr. 71, 66-67, 1 fig., 1940.

IST CENTURY B. C. (whole and first half)

BONNER, STANLEY FREDERICK. THE LITERARY TREATISES OF DIONYSIUS OF

HALICARNASSUS: A STUDY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL METHOD. VIII +108 p. (Cambridge Classical Studies, 5). New York, MACMILLAN, 1939.

IST CENTURY (whole and first half)

GOODENOUGH, ERWIN R. THE POLITICS OF PHILO JUDAEUS. Practice and theory. General bibliography of PHILO by HOWARD L. GOODHART and ERWIN R. GOODENOUGH. XI +348 p. Yale University Press, 1938.

SCALINCI, NOe. L'OFTALMIATRIA DI AULO CORNELIO CELSO. Annali di Ottalmologia e

Clinica oculistica 66, fasc. 12, 1938.

Reviewed by L. CASTALDI, Rivista di storia delle scienze 30, 112, 1939.

IIND CENTURY (whole and first half)

THAER, C. DIE ANTIKE LOSUNG DER AUFGABE DES RUCKWXRTSEINSCHNEIDENS. Unter-

richtsbldtter f. Math. u. Naturw. 46, 25, 1940.

IIIRD CENTURY (whole and first half)

GOSSEN, HANS. ZOOLOGISCHES BEI ATHENAIOS. Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der

Naturwissenschaften und der Medizin 7, 221-82, 1939.

IVTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

LAMOTTE, ETIENNE. LE TRAIT/E DE L'ACTE DE VASUBANDHU: Karmasiddhiprakarana:

Traduction, versions tibetaine et chinoise, avec une introduction et, en appendice, la traduction du chapitre XVII de la Madhyamakavrtti. 144 p., 6 pl. (Melanges chinois et bouddhiques, Institut belge des Hautes Etudes chinoises, 4). Bruges, Imprimerie Sainte Catherine, 1936.

Reviewed by C. A. F. RHYS DAVIDS, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 301-02, 1939.

VASUBANDHU. WEI SHIR ER SHIH LUN. Translated from the Chinese version of HSUAN

TSANG by CLARENCE H. HAMILTON. 82 p. (American Oriental series, 13). New Haven, American Oriental Society, 1938.

Reviewed by E. H. JOHNSTON, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 249, 1940.



88 Vth (1) to IXth (2)

VTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

BAPAT, P. V. VIMUTTIMAGGA AND VISUDDHIMAGGA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY. LIX +171 p.,

1 pl. Poona, BAPAT, 1937.

Reviewed by E. H. JOHNSTON, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 112-13, 1940.

SARKISSIAN, A. O. ON THE AUTHENTICITY OF MOSES OF KHOREN'S HISTORY. Journal of the American Oriental Society 60, 73-81, 1940.

VIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

CRAWFORD, O. G. S. (ET ALII). Whole number of Antiquity devoted to The Sutton-Hoo Ship-Burial. vol. 14, p. 1-87, 24 pl., 1940.

SAMAHA, ABDEL HAMID. NOTES AS TO COSMOLOGICAL IDEAS IN al-Quran. (Historical notes and papers, no. 13. Meddelande fran Lunds Astronomiska Observatorium, ser. ii, no. 96). Lund, 1937.

IXTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

SPIES, OTTO. AL-KIND' S TREATISE ON THE CAUSE OF THE BLUE COLOUR OF THE SKY.

Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 7-19, September 1937.

Reviewed by M. A. P., Al-Andalus 4, 476, 1939 (received April 1940).

IXTH CENTURY (second half)

ERHARDT-SIEBOLD, ERICA VON; ERHARDT, RUDOLF VON. COSMOLOGY IN THE "ANNOTATIONES IN MARCIANUM." More light on ERIGENA'S Astronomy. vI +45 p. Baltimore, WILLIAMS and WILKINS, 1940.

This is a companion volume to the authors' previous publication, The Astronomy of Johannes Scotus Erigena (see Isis, 32). The Annotationes in Marcianum are preserved in a unique anonymous MS of the IXth cent.; the anonymous author may have been ERIGENA; the Annotationes are comments on De nuptiis philologiae et Mercurii by MARTIANUS MINEUS FELIX CAPELLA (Vth cent. after Christ; see Introd. I, 407). "The Annotationes have furnished us with several independent absolute proofs for the geo- eccentric nature of the planetary orbits in the Annotator's astronomy.... The authors of the present study do not hesitate to voice the conviction that the Annotations, as far as considered by them, bear so manifestly the stamp of ERIGENA'S mind as to point straight to the great philosopher's authorship. However, the importance of the Anno- tations in throwing light upon ERIGENA'S astronomy would hardly be diminished, if ever the genuineness of this authorship should be questioned." (p. 33). A.P.

[JOHN THE SCOT]. IOHANNIS SCOTTI ANNOTATIONES IN MARCIANUM. Edited by CORA E. LUTZ. XXX +235 p. Cambridge, Mediaeval Academy of America, 1939.

KELLY, EMERSON CROSBY. A TREATISE ON THE SMALL-POX AND MEASLES, by RHAZES. (Medical classics. Vol. 4, no. 1, September 1939.) Baltimore, WILLIAMS and WILKINS, 1939.

Reviewed in Annals of Medical History 2, 90, 1940.

UNVER, A. SUHEYL. LA VILLE DE REY ET LE TERMA RAZI. Tiirk tib tarihi arkivi 4, 39, 1939.



Xth (1) to Xth (2) 89

XTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

NEMOY, LEON. AL-QIRQISANI'S CRITICISM OF ANON'S PROHIBITION OF THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. Hebrew Medical Journal XI, vol. 2, 73-83, 198-207, 1938.

NEMOY, LEON. CONTRIBUTIONS TO GYNAECOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY (FROM THE Kitdb al-Anwdr OF al-Qirqisdni). Hebrew Medical Journal XII, vol. 2, 35-41, 167-73, 1939.

NEMOY, LEON. Kitdb al-anwdr wal-mardqib. CODE OF KARAITE LAW. By YA'QUB AL-

QIRQISANI (second quarter of the tenth century). Edited from manuscripts in the State Public Library at Leningrad and the British Museum at London. Vols. I-II, xII +498 p. New York, Alexander Kohut Memorial Foundation, 1939-40.

In my note on AL-QIRQISiANi (i.e., the Circassian, Intr. 1, 626) I said of him that "he was one of the first Qaraites to believe in scientific study" but I did not speak of one of his main works, "The book of lights and lookouts," a very large one judging from the fact that the first two volumes now before us contain only four discourses out of thirteen, to wit, I. Iistorical introduction, II. Philosophical and theological principles of jurisprudence, III. Criticism of sectarian doctrines, IV. Methods of construction and inter-

pretation of law. The author's knowledge of various lay sciences (such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, technology) was remarkable for a man of his time and background. The editor's task was very difficult, for there is no complete ms., only a disordered mass of fragments, many of which are in Hebrew script. The text (as planographed by EDWARD Bros., Ann Arbor) is beautifully written in Arabic script, the Hebrew quotations in Hebrew script. It is planned to publish indices in a final volume; until then the edition will remain incomplete and its usefulness very much decreased. Let us hope then that the following volumes will not be unduly delayed and that the editor may soon

reap the fruits and the glory of his enormous labor. GEORGE SARTON.

XTH CENTURY (second half)

ALSDORF, LUDWIG (editor and translator). HARIVAMSAPURANA. Ein Abschnitt aus der Apabhramsa-Welthistorie. "Mahapurana TisatthimahapurisagunalamkAra" von

Puspadanta. Als Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Apabhramsa und der Universalgeschichte der Jainas. xII +515 p., 1 pl. (Alt und Neu-Indische Studien, hrsg. v. Seminar f. Kultur u. Geschichte Indiens an der Hansischen Universitit, 5). Hamburg, Friederichsen, DE GRUYTER, 1936.

Reviewed by HANS LOSCH, OLZ 40, 753-56, 1937.

CLUZEL, MAGDELEINE. ESSAI SUR LES SCANDINAVES ET L'ISLANDE AU XE SIECLE, SUIVI DU RECIT DU VOYAGE DANS LES MERS SEPTENTRIONALES. Preface de J. TOUTAIN.

176 p., 24 fig., map. Paris, Maisonneuve, 1936.

DOLGER, FRANZ. DER TITEL DES SOG. Suidaslexikons (Sitzungsberichte der Bayeri- schen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1936, H. 6, 37 p., 1 pl.).

Reviewed by HENRI GREGOIRE, Byzantion 11, 774-83, 1936.

GARCIA GOMEZ, EMILIO. ALUSIONES A LOS "IJWAN AL-SAFA'" EN LA POESIA ARA-

BIGOANDALUZA. Al-Andalus 4, 462-65, 1939 (received April 1940).

LANDAU, MAXIMILIAN. BEITRAGE ZUM CHAZARENPROBLEM. 46 p. (Schriften der

Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaft des Judentums, 43). Breslau, MUNZ, 1938.

RICHARDS, JOHN CHATTERTON. A NEW MANUSCRIPT OF HERACLIUS. Speculum 15, 255-71, 1940.



90 XIth (1) to XIth (2)

XITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

AL-BIRUNI. KITAB AL-JAMAHIR Ft MA'RIFAT AL-JAWAHIR. 274 p. Haydarabad, Da'irat

al-ma'arif, 1355 = 1936.

Reviewed by M. A. P., Al-Andalus 5, 241-45, 1940.

DAVIS, TENNEY L.; CHAO YUN-TS'UNG. FOUR HUNDRED WORD chin tan oF CHANG PO-TUAN. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 73, 371-76, 1940.

"The alchemical treatise entitled Chin tan ssu pai tzut (Four hundred word chin tan) is ascribed to CHANG PO-TUAN (983-1082 A. D.), and is probably his genuine work. It exhibits his style and superior literary craftsmanship, and uses the same sort of vocabu- lary as the Wu chen p'ien (Essay on the Understanding of the Truth). It consists of twenty poems of twenty characters each, and is thus much shorter and less pretentious than the Wu chen p'ien. It gives a less comprehensive account of the theory of alchemy and of its connotations and analogies, but there can be no doubt of the identity of the style and doctrine. It appears to be an earlier, tentative, and partial summary by the author who made in the Wu chen p'ien his final statement of the theory of the preparation of chin tan (gold medicine)."

DAVIS, TENNEY L.; CHAO YtN-TS'UNG. THE SECRET PAPERS IN THE JADE BOX OF CH'ING-HUA. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 73, 385-89, 3 fig., 1940.

Analysis of that work ascribed to CHANG PO-TUAN but probably apocryphal. G.S.

DAVIS, TENNEY L.; CHAO YUN-TS'UNG. SHIH HSING-LIN, DISCIPLE OF CHANG PO- TUAN AND HSIEH TAO-KUANG, DISCIPLE OF SHIH HSING-LIN. Proceedings of the American

Academy of Arts and Sciences 73, 381-83, 1940.

DAVIS, TENNEY L.; CHAO YtJN-TS'UNG. THREE ALCHEMICAL POEMS BY CHANG

PO-TUAN. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 73, 377-79, 1940.

"The present translation of three alchemical poems by CHANG PO-TUAN completes the translation of all of his writings believed to be genuine which are known to us."

MILLAS VALLICROSA, JOSf MARIA. SOBRE EL AUTOR DEL "LIBRO DE LAS CRUCES."

Al-Andalus 5, 230-34, 1940.

The Libro de las crzces is an astrological treatise translated from the Arabic into

Spanish for King ALFONSO EL SABIO in 1259 (see Introd. 2, 837). An elaborate analysis of the Spanish version by JosE A. SANCHEZ PEREZ was published in Isis, vol. 14, 77-132, 1930. The Arabic author is given as OVEIDALLA, which corresponds to the Arabic name 'UBAIDALLAH. Professor MILLAS would identify him with the astrologer ABlT MARWAN

'UBAIDALLAH IBN KHALAF AL-ISTIJI, who was patronized by YAHYA AL-MA'MtN (ruler of Toledo 1037-74). G.S.

UNVER, A. SUHEYL. LE TOMBEAU DE IBNI SINA. Turk tib tarihi arkivi 4, 36, 1939.

UNVER, A. SUtHEYL. UN CONSEIL EN VERS DE IBNI SINA. Turk tib tarihi arkivi 4, 79-80, 1939.

XITH CENTURY (second half)

ASIN PALACIOS, MIGUEL. LA ESPIRITUALIDAD DE ALGAZEL Y su SENTIDO CRISTIANO. Vol. III, 303 p. (Publicaciones de las escuelas de estudios arabes de Madrid y Granada, Serie A, Nuim. 2). Madrid, MAESTRE, 1940. (30 pesetas).



XIth (2) to XIIth (1) 91

Vols. 1 and 2 (1934; 35) of this great work were reviewed in Isis (23, 494; 24, 475); DON MIGUEL'S work was interrupted by the civil war; we are glad to see it completed. It contains the following chapters. Parte tercera. Los medios de perfecci6n:--25. El plan de vida; 26. De la intenci6n y de su pureza y sinceridad; 27. Del examen de conciencia; 28. De la meditaci6n; 29. El canto religioso; Parte cuarta. La mistica:-30. La doctrina mistica de ALGAZEL; 31. El sentido cristiano de la mistica de ALGAZEL. An index of

proper names refers to vols. 1 to 3; there is also a Biblical index. The work is a fundamental contribution to the history of Islamic and Christian theology. G.S.

DINGEMANS, H. AL-GHAZALI'S BOEK DER LIEFDE. 163 p. Leiden, VAN DOESBURGH, 1938.

Reviewed by S. M. ZWEMER, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 677, 1939. Almost complete translation of Bk. 36 of the I4yd'ulum al-din after the Cairo edition of A. H. 1334. G.S.

KRACHKOVSKI, IGNATIUS. NATURAL FEATURES OF ANDALUSIA IN THE VERSES OF THE ARABIC POET "THE GARDENER," XI-XII century. Bulletin of the State Geogr. Soc., no. 10, 1466-79, 1939. (In Russian.)

Apropos of the diwan of the poet IBN KHAFA1JA, who was born in Alcira on the Jucar R. (region of Valencia) in 1058 and died in 1139 (BROCKELMANN, Suppt. vol. 1, 480). Various examples of his descriptions of nature are translated into Russian verse. G.S.

UMERUDDIN, M. A. AN EXPOSITION OF AL-GHAZZALI'S VIEWS ON THE PROBLEM OF THE FREEDOM OF THE WILL. 22 p. Aligarh, Muslim University.

Reviewed by M. ALONSO, Al-Andalus 4, 474, 1939 (received April 1940).

XIITH CENTURY (whole and first half) ASIN PALACIOS, MIGUEL. IBN AL-SID DE BADAJOZ Y SU "LIBRO DE LOS CERCOS"

("KITAB AL-H.ADA'IQ"). Al-Andalus 5, 45-154, 1940.

Apropos of AL BATALYTSI, theologian of Valencia who died in 1127 (Intr. 2, 182). Edition of his Orchard with translation and notes. G.S.

BATTISTINI, GIOVANNI. La puericultura negli scritti di TROTULA, dottoressa salerni- tana. Rivista di storia delle scienze 31, 7-10, 1940.

BAYON, H. P. TROTULA AND THE LADIES OF SALERNO: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWL-

EDGE OF THE TRANSITION BETWEEN ANCIENT AND MEDIAEVAL PHYSICK. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, Section of the History of Medicine, 33, 471-75, 1940.

BUTTIMER, CHARLES HENRY. HUGONIS DE SANCTO VICTORE DIDASCALICON DE STUDIO LEGENDI: A CRITICAL TEXT. LII + 160 p. (Catholic University of America, Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Latin, 10). Washington, Catholic University Press, 1939.

Reviewed by CARL STEPHENSON, American Historical Review 45, 451, 1940.

CAHEN, C. LA CHRONIQUE ABREGEE D'AL-'Az.Mi. Journal asiatique 230, 353-448, 1938

(received May 1940).

FELLMAN, ARNO. VOYAGE EN ORIENT DU ROI ERIK EJEGOD ET SA MORT A PAPHOS. 198

p. Helsinki, Librairie Academique, 1938.



92 XIIth (1) to XIIth (2)

Reviewed by E. LYNAM in Geographical Journal 93, 9279-73, 1939. Reproductions of maps by AL-IDRISI, DATI, CLAUDIUS CLAVUS, GARRITSZOON, ADRIAN VEEN, L. BENE- DICKT, and others. C.W.A.

MILLAS VALLICROSA, JOSE MARIA. UN NUEVO TRATADO DE ASTROLABIO, DE R. ABRAHAM IBN EZRA. Al-Andalus 5, 1-29. 1940.

XIITH CENTURY (second half)

ALONSO, MANUEL ALONSO. AVERROES OBSERVADOR DE LA NATURALEZA. Al-Andalus 5, 915-30, 1940.

ENGBRING, GERTRUDE M. SAINT HILDEGARD, TWELFTH-CENTURY PHYSICIAN. Bul- letin of the History of Medicine 8, 770-84, 1940.

JURJI, EDWARD J. THE ISHRIAQ REVIVAL OF AL-SUHRAWARDI. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 60, 90-94, 1940.

KALIMULLAH HUSAINI, QARI SAYYID. THE TATIMMATU SIWANI L-HIKMAH OF ABU-L-HASAN 'ALI B. ABI L-QASIM ZAYD AL-BAYHAQI (A.H. 565 A.D. 1170). The Hyder- abad Academy Studies, no. 1, 71-79, 1939.

The Tatimma of 'ALi AL-BAYHAQI (Intr. 2, 445) contains among other things the earliest accounts of 'Umar Khayyam and Ibn Sina. It was plagiarized in the second part of the Nuzhat al-arwah (1190-1215) of SHAMS AL-DIN MUHAMMAD IBN MAH. MUD AL- SHARAZUR$. I may mention here that an analysis of the Tatimma by Dr. MAX MEYER- HOF is scheduled to appear in Osiris, vol. 8 the publication of which is postponed because of the German invasion of Belgium. G.S.

MUNTNER, SUESSMAN. MOSHE BEN MAIMON (MAIMONIDES) THE BOOK ON ASTHMA. Hebrew translation by the physician Rabbi SHEMUEL BENVENISHTI, the Saragossan (about 1300). Published for the first time with commentary and explanatory notes xvI +168 p. (in Hebrew). Jerusalem, RUBIN MASS, 1940.

This is the first volume of a Hebrew edition of MAIMONIDES' medical writings, which will be eventually complete in ten volumes (2. poisons and antidotes, 3. commentary on HIPPOCRATES' aphorisms, 4. his own aphorisms, 5. haemorrhoids, 6. coitus, 7. directions for health, 8. compendium of GALEN'S works, 9. consilia, 10. pharmacology). The Maqala fi-l-rabw (Introduction 2, 372) was twice translated into Hebrew, first from the Latin by SAMUEL BEN BENVENISTE (at the beginning of the fourteenth century), second from the Arabic by JOSHUA SHATIBI about the end of the same century. The editor de- clares he has seen a ms. of the second translation, but his edition is based exclusively upon the first. He has added a fair amount of medical and philological notes, as well as glossaries and an English summary. It is interesting to note that MAIMONIDES recog- nized psychological as well as physiological causes of asthma. The main part of his work is devoted to descriptions of proper diet and regimen. We look forward to the following volumes of this very handsome edition. G.S.

SPIES, OTTO; UMERUDDIN, M. SUHRAWARDI MAQT#UL'S PHILOSOPHICAL POSITION

ACCORDING TO THE WORKS OF HIS YOUTH. 30 p. Aligarh, Muslim University.

Reviewed in Al-Andalus 4, 469, 1939 (received April 1940).

WEBSTER, K. G. T. WALTER MAP'S FRENCH THINGS. Speculum 15, 272-79, 1940.



XIIIth (1) to XIIIth (2) 93

XIIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

AFFIFI, ABUL ELA. THE MYSTICAL PHILOSOPHY OF MUHYID DIN-IBNUL 'ARABf. XXII + 213 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1939.

BOULTER, BEN CONSITT. ROBERT GROSSETETE. THE DEFENDER OF OUR CHURCH

AND OUR LIBERTIES. Written and illustrated by B. C. BOULTER. VII+151 p., front., pl. London, S.P.C.K., 1936.

LIPPMANN, EDMUND O. VON. CHEMISCHES UND ALCHEMISTISCHES AUS DER ENCY- CLOPADIE DES ARNOLDUS SAXO. Janus 44, 1-9, 1940.

MULLIE, JOS. UNE PLANCHE A ASSIGNATS DE 1214. T'oung Pao 33, 150-57, 1 facs., 1937.

ROSENBLATT, SAMUEL. THE HIGH WAYS TO PERFECTION OF ABRAHAM MAIMONIDES.

Vol. II. Ix+441 p. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1938.

Continuation of the edition begun in 1927 (Isis 14, 478). The author was the son of the more famous MOSES IBN MAIMtN or MAIMONIDES (XII-2). Reviewed by JOSHUA FINKEL, Jewish Quarterly Review 30, 413-15, 1940.

THOMSON, S. HARRISON. THE WRITINGS OF ROBERT GROSSETESTE. XV+302 p. Cambridge University Press, 1940 ($5.50).

In addition to the printed works which he examined in the 140 libraries of Europe and the United States which he visited, Prof. THOMSON has also examined some 2500 MSS in his heroic attempt to track down every available work of ROBERT GROSSETESTE. The result is one of the best treatises on mediaeval bibliography which we have, and a model for all future workers in the same field. It would be absurd to attempt an analysis of the work here, but it must be said that this is not only a work of erudition and scholarship, nor yet a mere catalogue, but a very solid contribution to the methodology of historical bibliognostics as well as bibliography. The really astonishing quantity and variety of GROSSETESTE'S works has never before been so impressively revealed, as in the present study of his writings, published and unpublished; and as Prof. THOMSON says, we may be sure that many others will be discovered by future investigators. Every aspect of the subject of GROSSETESTE'S, known, unknown, lost, doubtful and spurious works is discussed. The analysis of books, MSS and codices is full and the indices are very complete. This is a valuable work, and it sets a new standard in its field. It need hardly be said that the Cambridge University Press has met a difficult typographical problem not only with success but also with distinction. M.F.A.M.

VEAZIE, WALTER B. CHAUCER'S TEXT-BOOK OF ASTRONOMY; JOHANNES DE SACROBOSCO.

University of Colorado Studies, series B., 1, 169-82, 1940.

VILLEHARDOUIN. LA CONQUETE DE CONSTANTINOPLE. Editee et traduite par ED- MOND FARAL. Two volumes. LXVII +33 p., 372 p. (Les classiques de l'histoire de France au moyen age). Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1938, 1939.

Reviewed by EDGAR H. MCNEAL, American Historical Review 45, 620-21, 1940.

XIIITH CENTURY (second half)

ANDRIEU-GUITRANCOURT, PIERRE. L'ARCHEVEQUE EUDES RIGAUD [d. 1275] ET LA VIE DE L'EGLISE AU XIIIE SIECLE, D'APRES LE "REGESTRUM VISITATIONUM." Preface

par S.E. le Cardinal BAUDRILLART. XI +462 p. Paris, Recueil Sirey, 1938.



94 XIIIth (2) to XIVth (2)

Reviewed by OSCAR G. DARLINGTON, American Historical Review 45, 115-16, 1939.

EIS, GERHARD. MEISTER ALBRANTS ROSSARZNEIBUCH IM DEUTSCHEN OSTEN. 160 p. (Schriften der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft in Reichenberg, H.9). Reichenberg, KRAUS, 1939.

Study of the text, and tradition in the German East, of a mysterious treatise on the veterinary art ascribed in the Mss. and early editions (KLEBS 28 and 756) to one Master ALBERTIN =ALBRECHT =ALBRANT, said to have been marshal to FREDERICK the Great (d. 1250) later to Pope CLEMENT (CLEMENT IV, 1265-68). The oldest Ms. is a German Ms. of the second half of the thirteenth century preserved in Prague. There are at least 16 more German Mss. (fourteenth century), a Latin one (fourteenth century) and some eleven Czech ones, the earliest dated 1444. G.S.

MOULE, A. C. MARCO POLO'S DESCRIPTION OF QUINSAI. T'oung Pao 33, 105-o28, map, facs., 1937.

TEMKIN, OWSEI. WAS SERVETUS INFLUENCED BY IBN AN-NAFIS? Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 731-34, 1940.

XIVTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

CLARKE, MAUDE VIOLET. (1892-1935). FOURTEENTH CENTURY STUDIES. Edited by L. S. SUTHERLAND and M. McKISACK. xxI +317 p., port., pl. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1937.

Includes bibliography of her writings. G.S.

LOENERTZ, RAYMOND (O.P.). LA SOCIETE DES FRERES PEREfGRINANTS; ETUDE SUR L'ORIENT DOMINICAIN, L. XII +209 p. Rome, Istituto Storico Domenicano, 1937.

Reviewed by JOHN T. MCNEILL, Speculum 13, 247-48, 1938.

PFLAUM, HIRAM. L' "ACERBA" DI CECCO D'ASCOLI. Saggio d'interpretazione. 69 p. Firenze, OLSCHKI, 1939.

Says the author: "L'Acerba e un'opera oscura, una delle pitu difficili della letteratura italiana per cio che riguarda l'espressione linguistica, e inoltre essa ci venne tramandata in una forma molto corrotta. Tale difficolta e riconosciuta dai pitu competenti, si che ACHILLE CRESPI, cui dobbiamo la piu recente edizione dell'opera, pote dire senza esagerare di molto, in una difesa della sua edizione: "un CARDUCCI, un CROCE, un D'ANNUNZIO, avevano ormai disperato si potesse capire qualcosa di questo poema." His own interpretation is based not only on the poem but upon an early Latin commentary (on book I, 9 chapters; book 2, ch. 1). It has been assumed by some that this commentary was composed by CECCO D'ASCOLI himself; in any case it is contemporary and exists in four MSS of the Acerba. Moreover, an Italian version of that commentary s included in all the sixteenth century editions (4 in number). Prof. PFLAUM (of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem) has made a study of the MSS of that commentary, built their stemma, investigated the MSS and editions of the Acerba, and given a critical edition of its first chapter together with the relevant Latin commentary. G.S.

XIVTH CENTURY (second half)

CARSWELL, CATHERINE (MACFARLANE). THE TRANQUIL HEART. Portrait of GIOVANNI BOCCACCIO. IX +352 p. New York, HARCOURT BRACE, 1937.

DUNNING, THOMAS PATRICK. PIERS PLOWMAN: AN INTERPRETATION OF THE A- TEXT. IX+214 p. New York, LONGMANS, 1937.



XIVth (2) to XVth (2) 95

HORT, GRETA. PIERS PLOWMAN AND CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS THOUGHT. London, S.P.C.K., 1937.

XVTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

DAVIS, TENNEY L.; CHAO YJN-TS'UNG. A FIFTEENTH CENTURY CHINESE ENCY- CLOPEDIA OF ALCHEMY. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 73, 391-99, 1940.

Brief analysis of the collection "Chin tan cheng li ta ch'iian (Comprehensive Account of the Genuine Preparation of the Gold Medicine), consists of twenty-four volumes, divided among four packages of six volumes each, and pertains entirely to theoretical or speculative alchemy. It contains no practical chemistry, and is to be compared to the Artis Auriferae or the Museum Hermeticum Reformatum which it resembles in many ways."

DUYVENDAK, J. J. L. THE TRUE DATES OF THE CHINESE MARITIME EXPEDITIONS IN THE EARLY FIFTEENTH CENTURY. T'oung Pao 34, 341-412, 3 pi., 1939.

LOCKWOOD, DEAN P. PROLEGOMENA TO THE LIFE AND WORKS OF UGO BENZI (1376- 1439). Transactions & Studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia 8, 125-31, 1940.

PIMPAO, ALVARO JULIO DA COSTA. A "CRONICA DOS FEITOS DE GUINEE" DE GOMES EANES DE ZURARA E O MANUSCRITO CORTEZ-D'ESTREES. 92 p. Lisboa, Casa do Livro, 1939.

Reviewed by E. P., Geographical Journal 95, 319-420, 1940.

XVTH CENTURY (second half)

BUTLER, PIERCE. THE ORIGIN OF PRINTING IN EUROPE. xv + 155 p. illus. University of Chicago Press, 1940 ($1.50).

Excellent little book explaining the discovery of typography from the technical angle, then discussing clearly the historical traditions. The author remarks (p. 16): "In general no text could long survive in the Ms. period unless each generation cared enough about it to make new copies." As a matter of fact some texts did survive in spite of their forbidding nature (ARCHIMEDES, APOLLONIOS), but their survival is almost miraculous.

Apropos of stamps and seals (p. 32) BUTLER might have spoken also of fingerprints which represent a hoary tradition. The book is beautifully gotten up, a credit to the University of Chicago Press as well as to the author. G.S.

KLEBS, ARNOLD C. INCUNABULA SCIENTIFICA ET MEDICA. Osiris 4, 1-359, 1938.

Reviewed by ED. FUETER, Schweizerische Hochschulzeitung 6, 370, 1940.

KRISTELLER, PAUL OSKAR. THE THEORY OF IMMORTALITY IN MARSILIO FICINO. Journal of the History of Ideas 1, 299-319, 1940.

MADARIAGA, SALVADOR DE. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. Being the life of the very magnificent Lord Don CRISTOBAL COLON. XIII +524 p., 4 illus. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940.

The author's thesis is that COLUMBUS being a Genoese whose Italian was not present- able and whose cultural language was Spanish cannot but have been a member of a family of Spanish (or Catalan) Jews settled in Genoa. He explains beautifully the very complex psychology of the great adventurer, who was influenced as deeply by ESDRAS



96 XVth (2)

as by PTOLEMY, and was a pre-incarnation of Don Quixote. The book is well documented, sensitive, brilliant, but the main thesis, plausible as it is, is not proved. G.S.

McDANIEL, W. B., 2D. THE MEDICO-MNEMONIC TREATISE (1491) OF JOHANNES MICHAEL ALBERTUS CARRARIENSIS. Transactions & Studies of the College of Physicians of Phila-

delphia 7, 353-68, 1940.

Analysis of the De augenda memoria (Bologna 1491), no. 252 in KLEBS' list of scientific incunabula, with a history of the mnemonic tradition. Excellent contribution along the line suggested in my memoir on incunabula (Osiris 5, 89). G.S.

MORISON, S. E. THE SECOND VOYAGE OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS FROM CADIZ TO HISPANIOLA AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE LESSER ANTILLES. 112 p. Oxford, Clarendon

Press, 1939.

Reviewed by G. R. CRONE, Geographical Journal 93, 456-57, 1939.

STILLWELL, MARGARET BINGHAM (EDITOR). INCUNABULA IN AMERICAN LI- BRARIES. A second census of fifteenth-century books owned in the United States, Mexico, and Canada. XLVI+619 p. (Bibliographical Society of America, monograph series, 1.) New York, 1940 ($20.00).

It is fitting that this long expected volume should finally appear in time to help cele- brate the fifth centenary of the invention of printing. The following paragraph extracted from the preface will suffice to indicate its importance. "In the 1919 'Census of Fifteenth Century Books Owned in America' an estimate of 13,200 copies is recorded under 6,292 titles, owned by 173 public and 255 private collections. This second census lists 35,232 copies of 11,132 titles, owned by 332 public and 390 private collections. And of these 35,232 copies, 28,491 are owned by institutions, and 6,741 are in private hands." The new census had been in preparation for many years and Miss STILLWELL had examined each and every item with the utmost care. In my study on Scientific incunabula (Osiris 5, 1938), I referred frequently to her studies and to their hoped-for publication. Every student of mediaeval thought will be grateful to her for this new and excellent instrument. G.S.

TREND, JOHN BRANDE (EDITOR). ISAAC ABRAVANEL: six lectures on his life and

works, by PAUL GOODMAN [and others]. xxII+158 p., 4 pls. Cambridge University Press, 1937.

UNVER, A. StUHEYL. LA MORT PAR SUITE DE LA PESTE (?) DU FILS DU VOIVODE DE MOL- DAVIE (1495). Turk tib tarihi arkivi 3, 147-49 (in Turkish), 149-53 (in French), 2 fig., 1939.

WELCH, SIDNEY R. EUROPE'S DISCOVERY OF SOUTH AFRICA. 365 p. Cape Town, JUTA, 1937.

Reviewed by ERNEST W. NELSON, American Historical Review 43, 598-600, 1938.

WILLIAMSON, JAMES ALEXANDER. THE VOYAGES OF JOHN AND SEBASTIAN CABOT.

(Historical Association pamphlet 106). London, BELL, 1937.

WILSON, WILLIAM JEROME. A NARRATIVE OF THE DISCOVERY OF VENEZUELA

(1494?), IN THE THACHER MANUSCRIPT ON COLUMBUS AND EARLY PORTUGUESE NAVIGA-

TIONS. 22 p. Proceedings of the Third Convention of the Inter-American Bibliographical and Library Association, February 19-21, Washington, D.C., 1940.



XVth (2) to XVIth (1) 97

LEONARDO DA VINCI

BELLINCIONI, GIOVANNI. LEONARDO DAVINCI FONDATORE DELLA SCIENZA IDRAULICA. Atti dei Sindacati Ingegneri di Lombardia N. 9, 22 p., 1939.

Reviewed by L. CASTALDI, Rivista di storia delle scienze 31, 95-96, 1940.

DELANEY, JOHN P. LEONARDO DA VINCI ON ISOSTASY. Science 91, 546, 1940.

MOELLER, EMIL. DER GEBURTSTAG DES LIONARDO DA VINCI. Jahrbuch der Preuss.

Kunstsammlungen 60, 71-75, 1939.


TAVIANI, SIRO. VINCI DI LIONARDO. Rivista di storia delle scienze 31, 33-62, 15 fig., 1940.

XVITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

A. MATHEMATICS

MENDELSOHN, CHARLES J. CARDAN ON CRYPTOGRAPHY. Scripta mathematica 6, 157-

68, 1939.

B. PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

(COPERNICUS). L'ANNEXION DE COPERNIC. Archeion 22, 137-38, 1940.

JENKINS, RHYS. IRONFOUNDING IN ENGLAND, 1490-1603. Transactions of the Newcomen

Society 19 (1938-39), 35-49, 1940.

A history of ordnance casting. I B.C.

OMAN, SIR CHARLES. A HISTORY OF THE ART OF WAR IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. xv +784 p. New York, DUTTON, 1937.

Reviewed by J. M. SCAMMELL, American Historical Review 43, 601-03, 1938.

SMITH, CYRIL STANLEY. BIRINGUCCIO'S "PIROTECHNIA"-A NEGLECTED ITALIAN METALLURGICAL CLASSIC. Mining and Metallurgy 21, 189-92, 1940.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

ARBER, AGNES. THE COLOURING OF SIXTEENTH-CENTURY HERBALS. Nature 145, 803-04, 1940.

"The colouring of sixteenth-century herbals by individual owners was less frequent than has often been supposed; it can indeed have happened but rarely that an amateur was capable of carrying so onerous a task to completion. There seems more probability in the alternative that the colouring was as a rule done officially before the books were sold."

FONTOURA DA COSTA, A. FONTES CONTEMPORANEAS SOBRE A ARROJADA E TRAGICA

VIAGEM DE PEDRO ALVARES CABRAL (1500-1501). Petrus Nonius 2, 249-52, 1940.

GREENLEE, WILLIAM BROOKS. THE VOYAGE OF PEDRO ALVARES CABRAL TO BRAZIL AND INDIA, FROM CONTEMPORARY DOCUMENTS AND NARRATIVES. Translated with introduction and notes. LXIX +228 p. London, QUARITCH (for the Hakluyt Society), 1938.

Reviewed by CHARLES E. NOWELL, American Historical Review 45, 435-36, 1940; and by G. H. T. KIMBLE, Geographical Journal 94, 426-27, 1939.



98 XVIth (1)

KAMMERER, ALBERT. LA MAPPEMONDE LOPO HOMEM ET L'ATLAS MILLER. Geo-

graphical Journal 94, 485-92, 1939.

To clear up controversial questions, a conference was held at Paris in June 1939, which accepted the authenticity of the LOPO HOMEM world map of 1519, and the attribution of the Atlas Miller to LOPO HOMEM. C.W.A.

OKAMOTO, YOSHITOMO. JAPAN ON WORLD MAPS OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. XIV

+221 p., 61 maps. Tokyo, KOBUNSO, 1938 (in Japanese).

Reviewed by ROBERT WOOD CLACK, Journal of the American Oriental Society 60, 275-78, 1940.

ROHR, CHRISTINE VON. NEUE QUELLEN ZUR ZWEITEN INDIENFAHRT VASCO DA

GAMAS. VIII+108 p., maps and facsimile Mss. Leipzig, KOEHLER, 1939.

Reviewed by G. H. T. KIMBLE, Geographical Journal 94, 66, 1939.

THOMAS, HENRY; CORTESAO, ARMANDO. THE DISCOVERY OF ABYSSINIA BY THE

PORTUGUESE IN 1520; A FACSIMILE OF THE RELATION ENTITLED "CARTA DAS NOVAS . . .

Translated and edited by HENRY THOMAS from transcription by ARMANDO CORTESAO.

xvI+98 p., maps. London, British Museum, 1938.

Reviewed by G. R. CRONE, Geographical Journal 92, 553-54, 1938.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

CHEVALIER, A. G. RABELAIS AT MONTPELLIER. Ciba Symposia 1, 424-27, 1940.

ENGLERT, LUDWIG. VON DER RECHTEN HEILKUNST. Ein PARACELSUS Lesebuch. 224

p. Stuttgart, Hippokrates-Verlag, 1939.

GIORDANO, D. GIOVANNI ANDREA DALLA CROCE. Rassegna clinico-scientifica 17, n. 2-3, 1939.


JARCHO, SAUL. FOUR DETACHED LEAVES FROM A SIXTEENTH-CENTURY HERBAL. LAW-

RENS ANDREWE'S Vertuose Boke of Distyllacyon. Annals of Medical History 2, 203-14, 5 fig., 1940.

McBRYDE, F. WEBSTER. INFLUENZA IN AMERICA DURING THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY

(GUATEMALA: 1523, 1559-62, 1576). Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 296-302, 1940.

McDANIEL, W. B., 2D. PARE'S Cinq livres de chirurgie: Text and translation of the

epistolary dedication. Transactions & studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia 8, 35-46, 1940.

PELLEGRINI, FRANCESCO. TRATTATO INEDITO IN PROSA DI GEROLAMO FRACASTORO

SULLA SIFILIDE. Con prefazione di LUIGI MESSEDAGLIA. 236 +XII p., 2 pl., Verona, 1939.

Reviewed by A. CORSINI, Rivista di storia delle scienze 31, 25, 1940.

UNVER, A. SUHEYL. LA PREPARATION DES DROGUES POUR SULEYMAN LE MAGNIFIQUE

AU PRINTEMPS. Tiirk tib tarihi arkivi 4, 85-86, 1940.



XVIth (1) 99

E. ALIA

CIONE, EDMONDO. JUAN DE VALDES: LA SUA VITA E IL SUO PENSIERO RELIGIOSO. Con

una completa bibliografia delle opere del Valdes e degli scritti intorno a lui. (Biblioteca di cultura moderna). 195 p. Bari, LATERZA & Figli, 1938.

Reviewed by FREDERIC C. CHURCH, American Historical Review 44, 96-97, 1938.

GILBERT, ALLAN H. MACHIAVELLI'S "PRINCE" AND ITS FORERUNNERS: "The Prince" as a typical book "de Regimine Principum." xIII+266 p. Durham, Duke University, 1938.

Reviewed by LESTER K. BORN, American Historical Review 45, 116-17, 1939.

JACOBSEN, JEROME V. EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE JESUITS IN SIXTEENTH-

CENTURY NEW SPAIN. XII+292 p. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1938.

Reviewed by PHILIP AINSWORTH MEANS, American Historical Review 44, 744, 1939.

HURWITZ, SIMON. THE RESPONSA OF SOLOMON LURIA (MAHARSHAL). With biographical sketch, notes, index and glossary. xvI +181 p. New York, BLOCH, 1938.

Reviewed in Jewish Quarterly Review 29, 450, 1939.

LOTE, GEORGES. LA VIE ET L'OEUVRE DE FRANCOIS RABELAIS. 674 p., 15 pi. Aix-en-

Provence, FOURCINE, 1938.

Reviewed by MARCEL FOSSEYEUX, Bulletin de la societefrangaise d'histoire de la medecine 33, 56, 1939.

MAIR, JEAN. LE TRAITE "DE L'INFINI"; NOUVELLE EDITION ET ANNOTATIONS PAR

HUBERT ELIE. XXIII+243 p. Paris, VRIN, 1938.

Treatise of the Scotch historian and scholastic philosopher, JOHN MAJOR or MAIR

(1469-1550), professor in St. Andrews. Reviewed by PIERRE BRUNET, Archeion 22, 119-20, 1940.

MEAD, KATE C. H. DE L'EXCELLENCE ET DE LA SUPERIORITE DE LA FEMME. Ouvrage traduit du latin d'AGRIPPA (1486-1535). Avec les commentaires de ROETTIG, 1801. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 285-90, 1940.

MOZLEY, J. F. WILLIAM TYNDALE. IX+364 p. New York, MACMILLAN 1937.

Reviewed by PRESERVED SMITH, American Historical Review 44, 94-95, 1938.

VALD S, GIOVANNI DI. ALFABETO CRISTIANO: DIALOGO CON GIULIA GONZAGA.

Introduzione, note, e appendici di B. CROCE. xxvIII+178 p. (Biblioteca di cultura moderna). Bari, LATERZA & Figli, 1938.

Reviewed by FREDERIC C. CHURCH, American Historical Review 44, 96-97, 1938.

VILLOSLADA, RICARDO G. LA UNIVERSIDAD DE PARIS DURANTE LOS ESTUDIOS DE FRANCISCO DE VITORIA O.P. (1507-1522). xxvI +468 p. (Analecta Gregoriana, 14.) Rome, apud Aedes Universitatis Gregorianae, 1938.

Reviewed by GRAY C. BOYCE, American Historical Review 44, 977, 1939.

WINTERS, ROY LUTZ. FRANCIS LAMBERT OF AVIGNON, 1487-1530. A study in Ref- ormation origins. Iv +177 p. Philadelphia, United Lutheran Publication House, 1938.

Reviewed by HASTINGS EELLS, American Historical Review 45, 223, 1939.



100 XVIth (2)

XVITH CENTURY (second half)

A. MATHEMATICS

MENDELSOHN, CHARLES J. (1880-1939). BLAISE DE VIGENERE AND THE "CHIFFRE CARRE." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82, 103-99, 1940.


ZIINO, MICHELE. LA CAUSA DELLA MAREA SECONDO CESALPINO E GALILEO. Archeion 22, 63-70, 1940.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

CH'EN, KENNETH. A POSSIBLE SOURCE FOR RICCI'S NOTICES ON REGIONS NEAR CHINA.

T'oung Pao 34, 179-90, 1938.

DE SMET, A. UNE CARTE TRES RARE: LA "GALLIA BELGICA" DE GILLES BOILEAU DE BOUILLON. Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 18, 100-07, 1 pl., 1939.

DORAN, MADELEINE. ON ELIZABETHAN "CREDULITY." With some questions concern-

ing the use of the marvelous in literature. Journal of the History of Ideas 1, 151-76, 1940.

(DRAKE, SIR FRANCIS, d.1637). DRAKE'S PLATE OF BRASS. Evidence of his visit to California in 1579. 57 p., ports., pl. maps. (California Historical Society, 13). San Francisco, California Historical Society, 1937.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

BONTINCK, ED. HET "SECREET-BOEK" VAN CAREL BATEN [Ghent c.1540-Amsterdam

c.1617]. Kon. Vlaamsche Acad voor Taal- en Letterkunde, Verslagen en Mededeelingen, 801-20, 1938.

BRIGHT, TIMOTHY [1551?-1615]. A TREATISE OF MELANCHOLIE. Reproduced from the 1586 edition printed by THOMAS VAUTROLLIER. XIII+285 p. With an introduction by HARDIN CRAIG, XXII p. (Facsimile Text Society, 50). New York, Columbia University Press, 1940.

The Facsimile Text Society hath put melancholicks as well as scholars deeply into its debt by making available TIMOTHY BRIGHT'S excellent book. It is one of the great books of its kind, and legion is the name of those who are indebted to it. BURTON, of the "Anat- omy," held it in high respect, and there is much evidence that a fair proportion of Tudor and Stuart writers were influenced by it. It is highly probable that SHAKESPEARE read and profited by this treatise, and there can be little doubt that many sufferers from the disease were assisted by a reading of it; for TIMOTHY BRIGHT was a humane man, so much so, that he eventually graduated from medicine to the saving of souls. He was the author of a number of works with which historians of medicine should be acquainted, chief among which is the present volume, and his A Treatise wherein is Declared the Sufficiencie of English Medicines (London, 1580). Perhaps his best remembered achieve- ment is his invention of a system of shorthand writing, set out in his Characterie: An Arte of Shorte, Swifte, and Secrete Writing by Character (London, 1588). BRIGHT'S little pott octavo deserves a place by the side of BURTON'S big royal quarto. The errata list following the last page seems to me to deal with the matter of typographical errors much more satisfactorily than we do to-day. Thus, for example, "For materiall, natu- rall, 4.2." Here the first figure signifies the page and the second the line. Mr. CRAIG



XVIth (2) 101

contributes an excellent introduction. For the life of BRIGHT the reader may be referred to WILLIAM J. CARLTON, Timothe Bright Doctor of Phisicke (London, 1911). M.F.A.M.

(DOE, JANET). ADDENDA TO Miss JANET DOE'S BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AMBROISE PARE. Annals of Medical History 2, 443-44, 1940.

EVANS, GEORGE H. THE CONTRIBUTION OF FRANCIS ANTHONY TO MEDICINE. Annals

of Medical History 2, 171-73, 1940.

INGRASSIA, GIOVANNI FILIPPO. METHODUS DANDI RELATIONES PRO MUTILATIS,

TORQUENDIS, AUT A TORTURA EXCUSANDIS, PRO DEFORMIBUS VENENATISQUE IUDICANDIS

[ETC. ETC.]. Prefazione di G. G. PERRANDO, testo dal manoscritto conservato nella Biblioteca comunale di Palermo di cura di G. CURCIO. (Biblioteca Siciliana di scienze lettere ed arti). VIII +509 p. Catania, PRAMPOLINI, 1938.


JOHANSSON, ERNST. DIE AUGENKRANKHEITEN UND IHRE BEHANDLUNG BEI JOHANNES COLERUS. 53 p. (Bucherei d. Augenarztes, H.5). Stuttgart, ENKE, 1939.

Reviewed by HABERLING, Mitt. z. Gesch. d. Med., d. Naturw. u. d. Tech. 38, 175, 1939.

LAURENTIUS, ANDREAS (1558-1609). A DISCOURSE OF THE PRESERVATION OF THE

SIGHT; OF MELANCHOLIKE DISEASES; OF RHEUMES, AND OF OLD AGE. Translated by RICHARD SURPHLET, 1599. Introduction by SANFORD V. LARKEY. XXV p. facsimile.

(Shakespeare Association Facsimiles, no. 15). Oxford University Press, 1938.

MAZZINI, GIUSEPPE. BATTISTA CODRONCHI E LE ACQUE MINERALI DI RIOLO. Rivista di storia delle scienze 31, 1-6, 1940.

E. ALIA

DRAPER, JOHN W. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SHYLOCK. Bulletin of the History of Medicine

8, 643-50, 1940.

FRANKE, 0. Li TSCHI. EIN BEITRAG ZUR GESCHICHTE DER CHINESISCHEN GEISTES- KAMPFE IM 16. JAHRHUNDERT. 62 p. (Abhandlungen d. Preussischen Akademie der

Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Kl..10, 1937). Berlin, 1938.

Reviewed by L. SCHERMAN, Journal of the American Oriental Society 59, 276-80, 1939.

FROST, BEDE. SAINT JOHN OF THE CROSS, 1542-1591, DOCTOR OF DIVINE LOVE. An introduction to his philosophy, theology and spirituality. xiii +411 p., front. London, HODDER and STOUGHTON, 1937.

GOLDING, LOUIS THORN. AN ELIZABETHAN PURITAN, ARTHUR GOLDING, THE TRANS- LATOR OF OVID'S "METAMORPHOSES," AND ALSO OF JOHN CALVIN'S SERMONS. xi +276 p., front., pl., facs. New York, SMITH, 1937.

LANE, FREDERIC C. THE MEDITERRANEAN SPICE TRADE. Further evidence of its revival in the sixteenth century. American Historical Review 45, 581-90, 1940.

ODLOZILIK, OTAKAR. Two REFORMATION LEADERS OF Unitas Fratrum. Church His-

tory 9, 13 p., 1940.

Apropos of JOHN AUGUSTA (d. 1572) and JOHN BLAHOSLAV (d. 1571).



102 XVIth (2) to XVIIth (1)

SILVETTE, HERBERT. CATALOGUE OF THE WORKS OF PHILEMON HOLLAND OF COVEN-

TRY, DOCTOR OF PHYSICKE, 1600-1940. xvi +27 p. Charlottesville, Va., University of

Virginia Press, 1940 ($1.50).

England's translator general, PHILEMON HOLLAND (1552-1636/37), has delighted generations of men whose Latinity or Greek were insufficient to take them through LIVY, PLINY, PLUTARCH, SUETONIUS or XENOPHON, with anything like the pleasure- and the profit-which they could derive from a translation into the full-bodied English of HOLLAND. HOLLAND was a good man, and he did his work nobly well. Being the father of ten children, and living in the small town of Coventry, he was forced to enlarge his small earnings by the translations which have now become part of the great heritage of all who are capable of reading and enjoying the English language. Among the many sorrows of his life was the death, one after the other, of almost all his children, and finally, in old age, of his wife. Life was far from kind to him, but the three hundred years which have elapsed since his death, have been full of appreciation for him and his work, for HOLLAND'S translations have never ceased to be read, and they never will. Perhaps the world's leading admirer of HOLLAND is Dr. HERBERT SILVETTE, who, at his home in Charlottesville, maintains a shrine devoted to the celebration of PHILEMON HOLLAND'S virtues. In this sanctuary is lodged an almost complete collection of HOLLAND'S first editions, and of Hollandia in general. Having been privileged to enter into the penetralia of this sanctuary, and enjoyed the pleasure of being shown over its treasure by the high- priest himself, I am in a position to say that no one was better qualified to produce the catalogue of the works of HOLLAND which Dr. SILVETTE has now given us. All the translations and other works by HOLLAND, as well as his portraits, and several ghosts, are here listed, numbered and described, and a census given of their provenience. Bibliogra- phers, and admirers of HOLLAND, will be delighted and grateful, and it is devoutly to be

hoped that Dr. SILVETTE will receive every encouragement to proceed without fail to the complete bio-bibliography of HOLLAND which he promises us. M.F.A.M.

STURM, JEAN. CLASSICAE EPISTOLAE, SIVE SCHOLAE ARGENTINENSES RESTITUTAE.

Translated and edited by JEAN ROTT. XXXI+130 p. Paris, DROZ, 1938.

Reviewed by ROLAND H. BAINTON, American Historical Review 45, 216, 1939.

XVIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

A. MATHEMATICS

AGOSTINI, AMEDEO. I BARICENTRI DI GRAVI NON OMOGENEI E LA FORMOLA GENERALE PER IL LORO CALCOLO DETERMINATI DA BONAVENTURA CAVALIERI. Bollettino dell' Unione Matematica Italiana 2, 147-71, 6 fig., 1940.

GASON, PIERRE. LE PLUS VIEIL ALMANACH DU MONDE. Le Flambeau (Bruxelles), 409-

13, 1939.

Sur 1'almanach de MATHIEU LAENSBERGH. J.P.

KOYRE, ALEXANDRE. TROIS LEqONS SUR DESCARTES. 57 p. + 50 p. in Arabic. Le

Caire, Imprimerie Nationale, 1937 (20 piasters). Three admirable lectures on DESCARTES delivered before the Egyptian University

apropos of the third centenary of the Discours de la methode. They are published in French and also in an Arabic translation by YTSUF KARAM. G.S.


HUMBERT, PIERRE. UNE LETTRE INEDITE DE GASSENDI. Ciel et Terre 56, 14-17, 1940.



XVIIth (1) 103

McCOLLEY, GRANT. NATHANAEL CARPENTER AND THE "PHILOSOPHIA LIBERA." Popu- lar Astronomy 48, 3 p., 1940.

"To the historian of seventeenth-century cosmology, the one important English writer of the third decade was a Doctor of Divinity, NATHANAEL CARPENTER. Among Englishmen, this now obscure divine wrote the only extended discussion of the New Astronomy to appear between 1621 and 1630. In addition, his commentary was published three times within the space of four years, first in the Philosophia Libera, and secondly in the first book of Geography Delineated. As recent scholars have emphasized, CARPENTER'S work was a vital force in completing removal of the Aristotelian incubus which so long had handicapped physical science."

STRATTON, F. J. M. HORROX AND THE TRANSIT OF VENUS. Occasional notes of the Royal Astronomical Society 1, 89-95, 1939.

WOOTTON, F. THE PHYSICAL WORK OF DESCARTES. Science Progress, 21, 457-78, 4 fig., 1997.

This admirable article, although but 21 pages long, affords an excellent survey of DESCARTES' contribution to physics. The account is not one-sided and states the positive contributions he made to physical fact, theory, and method, as well as the weaknesses therein. The major portion of the article is devoted to his work in optics, since the author believes that "his optical work is perhaps DESCARTES' greatest contribution to Physics, and here his aim was a practical one; viz. to improve the telescope. The construction of lenses was the only practical purpose which he pursued with any ardour. The laws of reflection and refraction were necessary consequences of his a priori hypothesis on the nature of light which approximates to the wave theory and may have inspired HUYGENS. The phenomena of light, heat, magnetism, and gravity are all explained by means of the movements of the particles of matter, and even Chemistry and Biology are included in the science of Physics and reduced to a problem of mechanism. The clue is found in a letter to MERSENNE, where he says, 'My Physics is nothing but Geometry.' Since modern science tends to become more and more mathematical, it is therefore no exaggeration to say, 'Plus la science marche, plus elle se rapproche de DESCARTES'." One of the more

interesting conclusions of the author is that "the vortex theory is one of the grandest hypotheses which have ever been imagined to account for the movements of the universe by mechanical means. It goes much further than the Newtonian hypothesis for it attempts to explain why the planets move and not merely how they move. It certainly assumes a simplicity in the phenomena which is not present, but that is a necessary step in solving the complex problems of Nature. It banishes the occult." I B.C.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

FOSTER, SIR WILLIAM (ED.). THE VOYAGE OF NICHOLAS DOWNTON TO THE EAST

INDIES, 1614-15, AS RECORDED IN CONTEMPORARY NARRATIVES AND LETTERS. XXXVII

+224 p., 5 ills., 3 maps. (Hakluyt Society, 2nd series, 82). London 1939.

Reviewed by C. E. A. W. OLDHAM, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 216-17, 1940.

PAOLI, HUMBERTO JULIO. MEMORIA INEDITA DI BENEDETTO PUCCINELLI INTORNO AD ALCUNI SCRITTI INEDITI DI BOTANICA DI FRANCESCO MARIA FIORENTINI. Petrus

Nonius 3, 5-30, 1940.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

BAYON, H. P. ALLUSIONS TO A "CIRCULATION" OF THE BLOOD IN MSS. ANTERIOR TO "DE

MOTU CORDIS" 1628. Proc. Roy. Soc. med. 32, 707-18, 1939, 1 fig. [Sect. history med., p- 37-48.]



104 XVIIth (1) to XVIIth (2)

POWER, D'ARCY. A PURCHASE OF LAND BY THE FAMILY OF DR. WILLIAM HARVEY. Annals of Medical History 2, 308-11, 1940.

E. ALIA

ALMAGIA, ROBERTO. LA BIBLIOTECA D'UN UMANISTA DEL SEICENTO (LUCA HOLSTENIO, 1595-1661). Archeion 22, 47-56, 1940.

ANDRIEUX, LOUIS (1840- ). PIERRE GASSENDI, PREVOT DE L']hGLISE DE DIGNE.

158 p. These pour le Doctorat es lettres. Paris, Imprimerie Lahure, 1927.

L'auteur de cette these de Paris, ancien prefet de police, l'a defendue a l'age de 86 ans. L'abbe EMILE PASQUIER (Notes angevines, Angers 1938, tire a part, p. 41) nous dit qu' apres la soutenance de sa these, M. ANDRIEUX declara "Je remercie les examinateurs de l'honneur qui m'est fait et m'ouvre un si bel avenir." G.S.

OOSTERHUIS, R. A. B. COMENIUS EN ZIJN LAATSTE RUSTPLAATS. Tevens gids voor het mausoleum. 29 p. plates. Hilversum, DE KROON (received March 1940).

Elaborate and well illustrated account of COMENIUS' beautiful mausoleum and of the COMENIUS Museum in Naarden, Holland, and of the ceremony of inauguration by Czech and Dutch representatives on May 8, 1937. COMENIUS and his beloved Bohemia will revive! G.S.

XVIITH CENTURY (second half)


BUSACCHI, VINCENZO. L'ASTRONOMO G. D. CASSINI (1625-1712). Le sue osservazioni sulla generazione e metamorfosi degli insetti Galligeni; i suoi esperimenti sulla trasfu- sione del sangue da animale ad animale. Rivista di storia delle scienze 31,65-83,3 fig., 1940.

MOUY, PAUL. LE DEVELOPPEMENT DE LA PHYSIQUE CARTESIENNE, 1646-1712. x+343 p. (Bibliotheque d'histoire de la philosophie). Paris, VRIN, 1934.

Elaborate study of the development of physical theory in the second half of the seventeenth century largo sensu; that is, beginning in 1646 when there appeared the first Cartesian treatise (outside of DESCARTES' own one) by HENRY DE ROY of Utrecht (HENRICUS REGIUS), and ending in 1712 with the last edition of the "Recherche de la verite" which MALEBRANCHE was able to see. The main actors are: on the Cartesian side, REGIUS, JACQUES ROHAULT, CLAUDE GADROIS, PIERRE SYLVAIN REGIS, FONTENELLE, HUYGENS; and on the anti-Cartesian side, LEIBNIZ, NEWTON and MALEBRANCHE. With the exception of HUYGENS, it is clear that all the genius was on the anti-Cartesian side, while the Cartesians were mainly compilers and twaddlers; HUYGENS, it should be noted, was but half-Cartesian; perhaps he should not be listed among the Cartesians at all. The author has a definite Cartesian bias, and on the whole I prefer to his judgment that of D'ALEMBERT in his introduction to the Encyclopedie (1751). G.S.

REDDAWAY, T. F. LONDON BRIDGE WATERWORKS AFTER THE GREAT FIRE OF 1666.

Transactions of the Newcomen Society 19 (1938-39), 217-19, 1940.

VOLLGRAFF, J. A. DEUX PAGES CONSECUTIVES DU MANUSCRIT G. DE CHR. HUYGENS. Janus 44, 10-23, 2 facs., 3 fig., 1940.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

COHEN, ERNST; COHEN-DE MEESTER, W. A. T. DER VERMISSTE BRIEF ANTONI



XVIIth (2) 105

LEEUWENHOEKS AN HERMANN BOERHAAVE VOM 26. AUGUST 1717. Verh. d. Kon. Neder- landsche Acad. van WVetenschappen, Afd. Natuurkunde 1, sectie 17, 1, p. 1-25, 3 fig., 9 facs., Amsterdam, 1939.

DAMPIER, WILLIAM. A VOYAGE TO NEW HOLLAND. Edited by J. A. WILLIAMSON. LXXVI +266 p. London, Argonaut Press, 1939.

Reviewed by Sir W. C. D. DAMPIER, Geographical Journal 94, 422-23, 1939.

DELANGLEZ, JEAN. THE JOURNAL OF JEAN CAVELIER: THE ACCOUNT OF LA SALLE'S

TEXAS EXPEDITION, 1684-1688. Translated and annotated. 179 p. Chicago, Loyola University, Institute of Jesuit History, 1938.

Reviewed by LOUISE PHELPS KELLOGG, American Historical Review 44, 978, 1939.

FULCHIGNONI, E. IL PENSIERO E LA PERSONALITA DI MARCELLO MALPIGHI ATTRAVERSO

LE DUE EPISTOLE SUI SENSI DEL GUSTO E DEL TATTO. Atti della Reale Accademia Pelori- tana, 40, 1938.

Reviewed by GINO VERITA, Rivista di storia delle scienze 29, 284, 1938.

LOWNES, ALBERT E. A COLLECTION OF SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY DRAWINGS. The Auk, 57, 531-34, 1940.

LOWNES, ALBERT E. THE STRANGE CASE OF COLES VS. CULPEPER. Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 41, 158-66, facs., 1940.

SCHIERBEEK, A. LEEUWENHOECK EN ZIJN GLOBULENTHEORIE. Natuurwetenschappelijk Tijdschrift 21, 185-89, 1939.

TAYLOR, E. G. R. THE ENGLISH ATLAS OF MOSES PITT, 1680-83. Geographical Journal 95, 292-99, 1940.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

DOW, ROBERT S. THOMAS WILLIS (1621-1675) AS A COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGIST. Annals of Medical History 2, 181-94, 6 fig., port., 1940.

JONES, HAROLD W. THE PORTRAITS OF THOMAS SYDENHAM. Annals of Medical History 2, 265-70, 4 fig., 1940.

ROLLESTON, SIR HUMPHRY. JONATHAN GODDARD (1617-1674/5), M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. Annals of Medical History 2, 91-97, 1 fig., 1940.

E. ALIA

BARNES, ANNIE (=ANNIE SESSELY). JEAN LE CLERC (1657-1736) ET LA REPUB- LIQUE DES LETTRES. 280 p., frontispiece. Paris, DROZ, 1938.

Well documented and well written biography. The author has used MSS dispersed in many European libraries. I am glad to hear that an edition of LE CLERC'S correspond- ence is being prepared by J. FRANSEN of the University of Amsterdam. JEAN LE CLERC was the brother of DANIEL LE CLERC, who wrote the first large history of medicine (1696). Both were children of Geneva, but DANIEL remained a Genevois while JEAN became a European figure, one of the greatest of his time. G.S.



106 XVIIth (2)

HENNEPIN, FATHER LOUIS. DESCRIPTION OF LOUISIANA, NEWLY DISCOVERED TO

THE SOUTHWEST OF NEW FRANCE BY ORDER OF THE KING. Translated from the original edition by MARION E. CROSS. With an introduction by GRACE LEE NUTE. XVII+190 P. (Minnesota Society of the Colonial Dames of America). Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1938.

Reviewed by RAPHAEL N. HAMILTON, American Historical Review 45, 245, 1939.

HOLMES, THOMAS JAMES. THE MINOR MATHERS. A list of their works. xxx +218 p. facs. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1940.

Bibliography made on the same plan and with the same perfection as those of IN- CREASE MATHER (2 vols., Cleveland 1931) and COTTON MATHER (3 vols., Cambridge 1940; Isis 33) dealing with the other literary members, twelve in number, of the immedi- ate family of the Rev. RICHARD MATHER (1596-1669) of Dorchester. RICHARD himself contributed in preparing The Bay Psalm Book, the first book printed in English America (Cambridge 1640), at least 56 times reprinted. Every item is described, discussed, illustrated and every edition of it differentiated. This volume completes the most beautiful and lasting monument ever built to the memory of a Puritan family. G.S.

HOLMES, THOMAS JAMES. INCREASE MATHER. A bibliography of his works. With an introduction by GEORGE PARKER WINSHIP and supplementary material by KENNETH BALLARD MURDOCK and GEORGE FRANCIS Dow. 2 vols. XXXII +711 p., facs. Cleveland, Ohio, [Cambridge, Harvard University Press,] 1931.

This bibliography which appeared ten years ago has all the qualities of the bibliography of COTTON MATHER reviewed in Isis (vol. 33). It will suffice to announce its existence; it is an indispensable tool for the study of New England culture in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The Rev. Dr. INCREASE MATHER (1639-1723) was less prolific than his son COTTON, yet this bibliography includes 175 items, many of which are represented by many editions. Every item is described, discussed and illustrated. G.S.

PASQUIER, EMILE. NOTES ANGEVINES. DENIS PAPIN, WILHEM TEN RHYNE, FRANqOIS BERNIER. Memoires de la Societe d'Agriculture, Sciences et Arts d'Angers, 13, 47 p., 5 pi., 1938.

Notes concerning DENIS PAPIN (1647-171?), WILHELM TEN RHYNE (1649-1700), FRANCOIS BERNIER (1620-88) largely derived from Angevine archives. G.S.

REDDY, D. V. S. FRANQOIS BERNIER. A French physician at the Mogul court in India in the XVIIth century and his impressions of Indian medicine. Annals of Medical His-

tory 2, 225-33, 1940.

WIENER, PHILIP P. LEIBNIZ'S project of a public exhibition of scientific inventions. Journal of the History of ledas 1, 232-39, 1940.

WOLFSON, HARRY AUSTRYN. A CASE STUDY IN PHILOSOPHIC RESEARCH AND SPI- NOZA. New Scholasticism 14, 268-94, 1940.

Devastating criticism of the book by DAVID BIDNEY: The psychology and ethics of Spinoza: a study in the history and logic of ideas. xv +454 p. (Yale University Press, 1940), which was itself meant as a counteractive to the author's Philosophy of Spinoza (Harvard University Press, 1934).



XVIIIth (1) 107

XVIIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

A. MATHEMATICS

[KLOYDA], SISTER MARY THOMAS A KEMPIS. THE WALKING POLYGLOT. Scripta Mathematica 6, 211-17, 1939.

Apropos of MARIA GAETANA AGNESI.


COHEN, I BERNARD. SCIENTIFIC CONSCIENCE. Science 91, 383, 1940.

Apropos of FRANKLIN'S fear of the use of balloons for warfare (1784). G.S.

KING, H. C. JAMES SHORT, MAN, OPTICIAN, AND ASTRONOMER. Optician 96, 413-17, 1938- 39.

RAISTRICK, A. THE SOUTH YORKSHIRE IRON INDUSTRY, 1698-1856. Transactions of the Newcomen Society 19 (1938-39), 51-86, 4 fig., 1940.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

GIPSON, LAWRENCE HENRY. LEWIS EVANS. To which is added EVANS'S A brief account of Pennsylvania, etc. 246 p. Philadelphia, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1939.

Reviewed by CHARLES 0. PAULLIN, American Historical Review 45, 969, 1940.

(LINNE). SVENSKA LINNE/-SXLLSKAPETS ARSSKRIFT, ARG. XXII. 148 p., illus. Uppsala, ALMQVIST & WIKSELL, 1939.

This volume, the twenty-second of the collection, contains as usual a fine series of well illustrated articles concerning LINNE and his time. There is an English summary (p. 129- 32). G.S.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

AUDRY, S.; FERRAN, COME. PIERRE LAURES, MAITRE CHIRURGIEN ET ECRIVAIN SATIRISTE A LYON AU XVIIIe SIECLE. Bulletin de la Societe franqaise d'Histoire de la Medecine 34, 30-52, 1940.

CAPPARONI, PIETRO. LA PARTE PRESA DAL MEDICO GRECO PILARINO PER LA CONO-

SCENZA DELL' INNESTO VACUOLOSO NELLA PROFILASSI CONTRO IL VACUOLO IN ITALIA.

Atti e mem. Accad. arte sanit. 5, 20-27, 2 fig., 1939.

KRAUS, MICHAEL. AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN MEDICINE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 679-95, 1940.

OOSTERHUIS, R. A. B. HERMANUS BOERHAAVE (1668-1738). Bij de herdenking van den 200sten sterfdag op 23 September 1938 van den beroemden geneesheer en geleerde. p. 263-88, Stemmen des Tijds, Oct. 1938.

OOSTERHUIS, R. A. B. PROFESSOR HERMANUS BOERHAAVE, DE BEROEMDSTE NEDER- LANDSCHE GENEESHEER. Timotheiis 5 p., Sept. 1938.

PENNING, C. P. J. LADY MARY WORTHLEY MONTAGU EN DE VARIOLATIE. Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 20, 8-15, 1 pl., 1940.

RAMSBOTTOM, J. EARLY BOTANY AT OXFORD. Nature 145, 993-96, 1940.



108 XVIIIth (1)

WILSON, T. G. SWIFT'S DEAFNESS: AND HIS LAST ILLNESS. Annals of Medical History 2, 291-305, 1940.

WOOD, S. THE REV. WILLIAM VICKERS, THE "EVILL DOCTOR." Annals of Medical History 2, 404-21, 1940.

E. ALIA

BRUNT, SAMUEL. A VOYAGE TO CACKLOGALLINIA. (London 1727). With an introduction

by MARJORIE NICOLSON. XV +167 p. (Facsimile Text Society). New York, Columbia University Press, 1940 ($2.20).

Whoever the pseudonymous Captain SAMUEL BRUNT may have been, he was quite obviously a man of great penetration, some learning, and considerable humanity. He must have had some first hand experience of the African slave trade, and his sympathetic remarks and observations concerning the character of Negroes, and his just estimate of the character of the Whites who attempted to enslave them, define the unusual qualities of his character. The book belongs in the class of Gulliver's Travels and Robinson Crusoe, but neither SWIFT nor DEFOE can be credited with its authorship. There is an account here of a voyage to the moon, and it is this which, doubtless, brought it to the attention of Miss NICOLSON, who contributes an interesting introduction. Internal evidence suggests that BRUNT was acquainted with BOYLE'S work on the qualities of air, as well as with the writings of earlier authors upon astronomical subjects; but except for the fact that his remarks serve to illustrate what an educated man of the period might gain from such writings, the work can hardly have the interest for the historian of science which Miss NICOLSON seems to envisage for it. The book is a satire upon the morals and practises of the early eighteenth-century English scene, and it is well enough done not to have lost any of its force for the modern reader. M.F.A.M.

COHEN, MORTIMER J. JACOB EMDEN: A MAN OF CONTROVERSY. 336 p. Philadelphia, Dropsie College, 1937.

Reviewed by MEYER WAXMAN, American Historical Review 44, 610, 1939.

DUMAS, GUSTAVE. HISTOIRE DU Journal de Trevoux, DEPUIS 1701 JUSQU'EN 1762. 210 p., pls. (These, Universite de Paris). Paris, BOIVIN, 1936.

HESSELIUS, GUSTAVUS, 1682-1577. 28 p., 12 pl. Philadelphia, Museum of Art, 1938.

The Swedish American artist, HESSELIUS, is of interest to the anthropologist because he was one of the first to paint portraits of Indians. There are two excellent ones, of Chief LAPOWINSKA and of Chief TISCOHAN (both 1735) in the Philadelphia Museum. G.S.

JONES, M. G. THE CHARITY SCHOOL MOVEMENT: A STUDY OF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

PURITANISM IN ACTION. XIII +446 p. Cambridge University Press, 1938.

Reviewed by STANLEY PARGELLIS, American Historical Review 44, 609-10, 1939.

MONTEIRO, ARLINDO CAMILO. 0 JURISPERITO DO SECULO XVII DESEMBARGADOR

DIOGO GUERREIRO CAMACHO DE ABOIM E O AUTOR DO Demetrio moderno. Notulas para a historia dos cultores do direito e das leis e sua critica em Portugal. Petrus Nonius 2, 275-84, 1940.

VIETS, HENRY R. SMOLLETT, THE 'WAR OF JENKINS'S EAR' AND AN ACCOUNT OF THE EXPEDITION TO CARTHAGENA, 1743. De libris (bibliofile breve til EJNAR MUNKSGAARD paa 50-aarsdagen) p. 226-33, Copenhagen, 28. Februar. 1940.



XVIIIth (1) to XVIIIth (2) 109

WADE, IRA O. THE CLANDESTINE ORGANIZATION AND DIFFUSION OF PHILOSOPHIC IDEAS

IN FRANCE FROM 1700 TO 1750. IX +329 p. Princeton University Press, 1938.

Reviewed by J. SALWYN SCHAPIRO, American Historical Review 44, 607-09, 1939.

XVIIITH CENTURY (second half) A. MATHEMATICS

BRADLEY, A. DAY. THE MATHEMATICAL NOTEBOOKS OF JAMES BOONE, JR. Scripta Mathematica 6, 219-27, 1939.

LABOULLE, M. J. LA MATHEMATIQUE SOCIALE: CONDORCET ET SES PREDECESSEURS.

Rev. d'hist. litt. de la France 46, 33-55, 1939.


BERNAL, J. D. M. V. LOMONOSOV (1711-1765). Nature 146, 16-17, 1940.

DICKINSON, HENRY WINRAM. MATTHEW BOULTON. XIV +218 p., illus. New York, MACMILLAN, 1937.

Reviewed by HERBERT HEATON, American Historical Review 44, 615-16, 1939.

(GALVANI, LUIGI.) COMITATO PER LA CELEBRAZIONE DEL II CENTENARIO DELLA

NASCITA DI L. GALVANI. Rendiconto generale della celebrazione, redatto dal Segretario dcl Comitato Prof. G. C. DALLA NOCE. 156 p. Bologna, PARMA, 1938.


SCOTT, E. KILBURN. SMEATON'S ENGINE OF 1767 AT NEW RIVER IEAD, LONDON.

Transactions of the Newcomen Society 19 (1938-39), 119-26, 1940.

THURSTON, A. P. PARKER'S "ROMAN" CEMENT. Transactions of the Newcomen Society 19

(1938-39), 193-211, 1 fig., 1940.

" 'Roman' cement played a very important part in building and civil engineering work in the first half of the 19th century. It was the invention of JAMES PARKER, of whom

very little is known except that he carried on business in Lambeth and Southwark." . . . "We find the term 'Roman' applied to the cement by PARKER himself, for the first time, in a pamphlet entitled 'Roman Cement, Artificial Terras, and Stucco' containing a copy of a letter from THOMAS TELFORD to JOHN MACKENZIE, secretary to the British Society for the Fisheries, etc. dated April 12, 1796, in which TELFORD details experiments that he had carried out with the cement on March 23rd and 26th and on April 4th by direction of the Directors of the Society." A photostatic reproduction of p. 1 of this pamphlet is appended to the text. I B.C.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

CARRINGTON, HUGH. LIFE OF CAPTAIN COOK. IX+324 p., 12 pl., 9 figs. London, SIDGWICK & JACKSON, 1939.

Biography of COOK based upon many MSS documents and upon a good knowledge of the New Zealand and Australian waters. It does not reveal COOK'S personality, for nothing can; he was an inscrutable man whose complete confidence nobody ever won. One of the appendices discusses the Hawaiian prejudices concerning him. G.S.

CHEVALIER, A. LA VIE ET L'OEUVRE DE RENE DESFONTAINES, FONDATEUR DE L'HER-



110 XVIIIth (2)

BIER DU MUSEUM, LA CARRIERE D'UN SAVANT SOUS LA REVOLUTION. 622 p., 7 pi. Paris, ed. du Museum, 1939.

Reviewed by PAUL DELAUNAY, Bulletin de la Societe francaise d'histoire de la Medecine 34, 63-64, 1940.

HARPER, FRANCIS. THE BARTRAM TRAIL THROUGH THE SOUTHEASTERN STATES. Bulle-

tin of the Garden Club of America, 54-64, 1939.

HARPER, FRANCIS. WILLIAM BARTRAM'S BICENTENNIAL. Scientific Monthly 48, 380-

84, port., 2 illus., 1939.

HARPER, FRANCIS. THE vultur sacra OF WILLIAM BARTRAM. The Auk 53, 381-92, 1936.

MUIR, JOHN REID. THE LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF CAPTAIN JAMES COOK: EXPLORER,

NAVIGATOR, SURVEYOR, AND PHYSICIAN. 310 p. London, BLACKIE, 1939.

Reviewed by G. R. CRONE, Geographical Journal 95, 72, 1940. Deals especially with COOK'S preventive medicine. C.W.A.

ROOSEBOOM, MARIA. SOME NOTES UPON THE LIFE AND WORK OF CERTAIN NETHER-

LANDS ARTIFICERS OF MICROSCOPIC PREPARATIONS AT THE END OF THE XVIIITH CENTURY

AND THE BEGINNING OF THE XIXTH. Janus 44, 24-44, 2 pl., 1940.

TAYLOR, ALAN CAREY. LE PRESIDENT DE BROSSES ET L'AUSTRALIE. 190 p. (Etudes de

litterature etrangere et comparee). Paris, BOIVIN, 1937.

Reviewed by CARL LUDWIG LOKKE, American Historical Review 44, 614-15, 1939.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

COOK, S. F. THE HUNGER HOSPITAL IN GUADALAJARA, AN EXPERIMENT IN MEDICAL RE-

LIEF. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 533-45, 1940.

DEJONG, RUSSELL N. THE FIRST AMERICAN TEXTBOOK ON PSYCHIATRY. A review and discussion of BENJAMIN RUSH'S "Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Dis- eases of the Mind." Annals of Medical History 2, 195-202, 2 fig., 1940.

FARMER, HAROLD E. AN ACCOUNT OF THE EARLIEST COLORED GENTLEMEN IN MEDICAL

SCIENCE IN THE UNITED STATES. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 599-618, 1940.

GIBSON, JAMES E. DR. BODO OTTO AND THE MEDICAL BACKGROUND OF THE AMERICAN

REVOLUTION. IX +345 p. Springfield, Ill., THOMAS, 1937.

Reviewed by ELMER D. GRAPER, American Historical Review 44, 946, 1939.

MERCIER, R. LE MONDE MEDICAL DANS LA GUERRE DE VENDEE, VIII +370 p. Tours,

ARRAULT, 1939.

Reviewed by P. DELAUNAY, Bulletin de la societe frangaise d'histoire de la medecine 33, 119-21, 1939.

MUSSER, RUTH; KRANTZ, JOHN C., JR. THE FRIENDSHIP OF WILLIAM WITHERING

AND ERASMUS DARWIN. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 844-47, 1940.

OLMSTED, J. M. D. THE HUNTER MANUSCRIPT IN THE SUTRO COLLECTION: A CORREC-

TION. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 291-93, 1940.



XVIIIth (2) to XIXth (1) 111

OOSTERHUIS, R. A. B. PETRUS CAMPER EN AMSTERDAM. De wetenschappelijke loop- baan van CAMPER en de wederzijdsche cultureele betrekkingen van 1755 tot 1761. 16 p. Geneeskundige Gids no. 17, 1939.

OOSTERHUIS, R. A. B. PETRUS CAMPER. De beroemde 18de eeuwsche chirurg, zooloog en vergelijkend ontleedkundige bij de herdenking van zijn 150ste sterfjaar. 17 p. Stemmen des Tijds, no. 12, 1939.

OOSTERHUIS, R. A. B. PETRUS CAMPER (1722-1789). De wereldvermaarde geleerde uit de gesmade 18e eeuw. Timotheus, 2 p., April 1939.

STEVENSON, ISOBEL. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMY AND NAVY DURING

THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, p. 498-507; PHYSICIANS AS SOLDIERS IN THE REVOLUTION-

ARY ARMIES, p. 508-11; POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF REVOLUTIONARY PHYSICIANS, p. 512-

19; MEDICAL LITERATURE PRODUCED DURING THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, p. 520-28, Ciba Symposia, 2, 1940.

THORINGTON, J. MONROE. PHYSICIANS ON MONT BLANC (1786-1854). Annals of Medical History 2, 124-32, 3 fig., 1940.

THURSFIELD, HUGH. SMALLPOX IN THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE. Annals of Medical History 2, 312-18, 1940.

TOWNSEND, ELEANOR WINTHROP. JOHN MOULTRIE, JUNIOR, M.D., 1729-1798, ROYAL LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR OF EAST FLORIDA. Annals of Medical History 2, 98-109, 3 fig., 1940.

VICTOR, RALPH G. AN INDICTMENT FOR GRAVE ROBBING AT THE TIME OF THE "DOCTORS'

RIOT," 1788. Annals of Medical History 2, 366-70, 1 fig., 1940.

E. ALIA

BAUMGARTNER, LEONA. JOHN HOWARD (1726-1790), HOSPITAL AND PRISON RE-

FORMER: A BIBLIOGRAPHY. With introduction by ARNOLD M. MUIRHEAD. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 7, 486-534, 8 fig., 595-626, 1 pl., 1939.

HORNADAY, CLIFFORD LEE. NATURE IN THE GERMAN NOVEL OF THE LATE EIGHT-

EENTH CENTURY, 1770-1800. III+221 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1940 ($2.25).

An indispensable introduction to the development of certain aspects of the literary Anschauung of nineteenth-century Germany-and its subsequent confusion. The author has no thesis, but is intent on examining the approach of German writers to Nature and the influence of natural events upon them. Nonetheless, the strange mixture of pagan- ism, romaticism, mysticism, and rationalism-not realism-which seemed to infect most of the writers with whom he deals, does not escape him. This is a fundamental work for the understanding of the German Geist, with its mystical attraction to Nature and to Nature-gods, something not altogether unlike the gods personified by WAGNER in his operas, and to-day realized in the gods of the Third Reich. M.F.A.M.

XIXTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

A. MATHEMATICS

BIEBERBACH, LUDWIG. CARL FRIEDRICH GAUSS, EIN DEUTSCHES GELEHRTEN-

LEBEN. 179 p. Berlin, KEIL, 1938.



112 XIXth (1)

Reviewed by G. WALDO DUNNINGTON, Scripta Mathematica 6, 234-35, 1939.

CONWAY, A. W.; McCONNELL, A. J. THE MATHEMATICAL PAPERS OF SIR WILLIAM ROWAN HAMILTON. Vol. 2: Dynamics. xvi +656 p. (Cunningham memoir no. 14). Cambridge University Press, 1940.

Reviewed by A. S. RAMSEY, Nature 146, 180-81, 1940.


CHAMP, MADAME DE. MICHEL-EUGENE CHEVREUL, VIE INTIME, 1786-1889. Docu- ments reunis par sa petite-fille. vIII +207 p. Paris, Spes, 1930.

When I wrote my essay on HOEFER and CHEVREUL for the KLEBS Festschrift I did not know of the existence of this volume. It was written by CHEVREUL'S granddaughter, her main purpose being to explain his religious views and his reconciliation with the Church, which was mainly due to the efforts of abbe RICHE of Saint Sulpice. The abbe RICHE began his apostolic task in 1883 when CHEVREUL was 97 years old, and thanks to him the old scientist was brought gently and slowly back to the faith of his childhood. The bulk of the book is quoted from other biographies by BERTHELOT, ARMAND GAU- TIER, etc. The most valuable part is derived from family traditions and unpublished letters. One of the chapters is perhaps more timely than the others, it deals with German brutality in 1870. G.S.

COHEN, I BERNARD. THE FIRST EXPLANATION OF INTERFERENCE. American Journal

of Physics 8, 99-166, 1940.

See long note under "Physics."

FLETCHER, HEWITT G., JR. AUGUSTIN-PIERRE DUBRUNFAUT-AN EARLY SUGAR CHEMIST. Journal of Chemical Education 17, 153-56, 1940.

[GOODRICH COLLECTION, 1875.] LIST OF DRAWINGS. Transactions of the Newcomen Society 19 (1938-39), 249-65, 1940.

"The Goodrich Collection of Documents in the Science Museum, South Kensington, London" contains many "drawings, of which there are upwards of 300 dating between 1775 and 1840. There is little difficulty if a mere list is given as it does not occupy much space, while its value as source material is thought to be considerable. The Council here record their obligation to the Director of the Museum who has obligingly furnished the subjoined list and has given permission for its publication." There are 320 drawings in the list.

HUME, EDGAR ERSKINE. THE FOUNDATION OF AMERICAN METEOROLOGY BY THE UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 202-38, 14 fig., 1940.

[LEWIN, WILLIAM]. THE LEWIN DIARY; A LINK WITH RENNIE. Edited by H. W. DICK- INSON. Transactions of the Newcomen Society 19 (1938-39), 109-17, 1940.

The diary of WILLIAM LEWIN (1794-1863), civil engineer and principal assistant to Sir JOHN RENNIE. I B.C.

MITMAN, CARL W. STEVENS'S "PORCUPINE" BOILER, 1804: A RECENT STUDY. Transac- tions of the Newcomen Society 19 (1938-39), 165-71, 1 fig., 1940.

Apropos of the steam engine used by Colonel JOHN STEVENS in his steamboat of 1804. I B.C.



XIXth (1) 113

MOSSOTTI, OTTAVIANO FABRIZIO (1791-1863). Rassegna di clinica, terapia e scienze affini 39, 33-37, 1 pl., 1940.

SMITH, EDGAR C. THE FIRST TWENTY YEARS OF SCREW PROPULSION. Transactions of the Newcomen Society 19 (1938-39), 145-64, 4 fig., 1940.

"This year [1939] is notable for four centenaries connected with shipping. On March 18, 1839, a contract was signed by SAMUEL CUNARD and ROBERT NAPIER for the construction of the first ships of the Cunard Company; on April 13, JOHN ERICSSON'S little iron screw steamer 'Robert F. Stockton' left Gravesend for her passage to the United States under sail; on May 15, the wooden screw vessel 'Archimedes,' built to demonstrate the value of the screw propeller of FRANCIS PETTIT SMITH steamed from the Thames to Portsmouth, and on July 19, the keel-plates of the 'Great Britain,' the first iron screw-driven ship to cross the Atlantic, were laid down at Bristol."

SMITH, EDGAR C. SAMUEL HALL [1781-1863] AND HIS INVENTIONS. Transactions of the Newcomen Society 19 (1938-39), 87-100, 3 fig., 1940.

Apropos of the pioneer in the use of the surface condenser in ships as we have it today. An appendix lists his English patents. I B.C.

SYNGE, J. L. GEOMETRICAL OPTICS: AN INTRODUCTION TO HAMILTON'S METHOD. IX+110

p. (Cambridge tracts in mathematics and mathematical physics, no. 37). Cambridge University Press, 1937.

Reviewed by H. T. H. PIAGGIO, Nature 142, 135-36, 1938.

WEEKS, MARY ELVIRA; AMBERG, LYLE 0. M. E. CHEVREUL. The fiftieth anni- versary of his death. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Scientific edition) 29, 89-96, 1940.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

DESCOURTILZ, MICHEL ETIENNE (1775-1835). VOYAGE D'UN NATURALISTE EN

HAITI (1799-1803). Publie par JACQUES BOULENGER. XXIV+23 p., map. (Nouvelle bibliotheque des voyages). Paris, PLON, 1935.

GASKIN, L. J. P. CENTENARY OF THE OPENING OF GEORGE CATLIN'S NORTH AMERICAN

INDIAN MUSEUM AND GALLERY IN THE EGYPTIAN HALL, PICCADILLY. With a memoir of CATLIN. Man (CATLIN centenary number-1840-1940) 40, 17-21, pl., figs., 1940.

GASKIN, L. J. P. A RARE PAMPHLET ON THE MANDAN RELIGIOUS CEREMONY, IN THE

LIBRARY OF THE HORNIMAN MUSEUM. Man 39, 141-42, 1939.

Apropos of a pamphlet attributed to GEORGE CATLIN (London 1865). G.S.

GASKIN, L. J. P. CATLIN'S "NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN PORTFOLIO." Man 2 p., 1 fig., May 1936.

HINKS, A. R. ON SOME MISREPRESENTATIONS OF ANTARCTIC HISTORY. Geographical Jour- nal 94, 309-30, 1939.

A detailed critical consideration of Prof. W. H. HOBBS' contention "that the Antarctic Continent was first discovered by the American sealer, Captain NATHANIEL PELMER, of Stonington, in November 1820, and that it is wrong to believe, as has been customary, that EDWARD BRANSFIELD had already discovered it in the early months of that year." C.W.A.



114 XIXth (1)

LIPPMANN, EDMUND O. VON. KOSTENLOSE HERSTELLUNG VON ZUCKER UND KAFFEE AUS RUNKELN (GEGEN 1840). Zeitschrift der Wirtschaftsgruppe Zuckerindustrie 90, 64-68, 1940.

LUYET, BASILE J. THE CASE AGAINST THE CELL THEORY. Science 91, 252-55, 1940.

Address delivered to the Sigma Xi Club of Saint Louis University on April 18, 1939, at a meeting organized to commemorate the centenary of the formulation of the cell theory.

LYTHE, S. G. E. DRAINAGE AND RECLAMATION IN HOLDERNESS AND THE RIVER HULL

VALLEY, 1760-1880. Geography 23, 237-49, 1938.

(MANTELL, GIDEON [1790-1852]). THE JOURNAL OF GIDEON MANTELL, SURGEON AND GEOLOGIST. Covering the years 1818-1852. Edited with an introduction and notes by E. CECIL CURWEN. Oxford University Press, 1940.

MARTIN, LAWRENCE. EARLY EXPLORERS OF SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA FROM THE UNITED STATES. Nature 146, 238-39, 1940.

Abstract of a paper presented to section VIII (History and geography) of the Eighth American Scientific Congress.

PEATTIE, DONALD CULROSS (EDITOR). AUDUBON'S AMERICA. VII+329 p. Boston, HOUGHTON MIFFLIN, 1940 ($6.00).

This admirable book is sub-titled "The narratives and experiences of JOHN JAMES AUDUBON." All that we have had hitherto has been one paean of praise and reproduction of AUDUBON'S magnificent ornithological paintings. His fame as a painter-naturalist has obscured his very substantial talents as a writer-naturalist, and in the present volume another writer-naturalist, DONALD CULROSS PEATTIE, has gathered together a

general selection of AUDUBON'S first hand narrative accounts of his experiences in an America which was still in its early heroic age, and for the first time makes them available between the covers of a single volume. And what a charming volume this is! The text is a delight, from beginning to end. And there are seventeen illustrations in colour, after AUDUBON'S originals, which are among the best colour reproductions I have ever seen. They have been reproduced by offset lithography at The Lakeside Press, Chicago, and The Tudor Press, Boston. Paper and printing are excellent, and the binding is in

sturdy buckram, but the red-silver stamping is not a success. The end-papers illustrate AUDUBON'S journeys, and Mr. PEATTIE has written a sensitive introduction and bio-

graphical note. There is also an index. M.F.A.M.

[ROSS, JOHN]. THE FIRST STEAMSIIIP IN ARCTIC EXPLORATION. Geographical Journal

95, 131-32, 1940.

The "Victory" which sailed in 1829. C.W.A.

[WILKES, CHARLES]. CENTENARY CELEBRATION. The Wilkes exploring expedition of the United States Navy, 1838-1842, and symposium on American Polar exploration. February 23-24, 1940. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82, p. 517-950 1940.

Collection of papers dealing with various aspects of the first U. S. national exploring expedition and with problems of polar exploration. G.S.



XIXth (1) 115

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

ADAMS, ROBERT. CASES OF DISEASES OF THE HEART, ACCOMPANIED WITH PATHOLOGI-

CAL OBSERVATIONS. 1827. (Medical classics, edited by EMERSON CROSBY KELLY, vol. 3, no. 6). Baltimore, WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 1939.


BELTRAN, JUAN RAMON. Los SERVICIOS MEDICOS EN EL COMBATE DE SAN LORENZO.

Universidad de Buenos Aires, Publicaciones de la cdtedra de historia de la medicina 3, 51-68, 3 facs., 1940.

BERUTI, JOSUE A. LA PERSONALIDAD DE SEMMELWEIS. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Publicaciones de la cdtedra de historia de la medicina 3, 69-79, 1940.

CASTALDI, L. UNA DIMENTICATA OPERA DI GIUSEPPE GIROLAMI SUI TEMPERAMENTI.

Scritti medici in onore del Prof. MARIO DONATI in occasione del XXV anno di inseg- namento," Arch. It. di Chirurgia 51, 112-22, 1938.

Reviewed by CARLO MAXIA, Rivista di storia delle scienze 30, 71-72, 1939.

D'ESAGUY, AUGUSTO. OPENING DAY AT THE ROYAL SURGICAL SCHOOL OF LISBON, ON

NOVEMBER 5TH, 1828. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 735-41, 1 facs., 1940.

GIORDANO, DAVIDE. ALESSANDRO RIBERI. Estratto dal volume Medici Cuneesi. Cuneo, Stabilimento Tipografico Editoriale, 1938.

Reviewed by G. M. NARDI, Rivista di storia delle scienze 29, 237-39, 1938.

MEIER, ALFRED. LIFE AND TIMES OF THE ENGLISH PHYSICIAN THOMAS ADDISON. In-

augural dissertation. Diisseldorf, 1938.

Reviewed by DAVID RIESMAN, Annals of Medical History 2, 90, 1940.

ODERWALD, J. ZORG VOOR DE GEZONDHEID AAN BOORD VAN ZEILSCIIEPEN IN DE 19DE

EEUW. Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 20, 20-27, 1940.

Sanitation aboard sailing ships in the nineteenth century. G.S.

OLMSTED, J. M. D. A LETTER FROM FELIX PASCALIS OF NEW YORK TO FRANCOIS MAGENDIE IN 1826. Annals of Medical History 2, 371-74, 1 fig., 1940.

REIS, RALPH A. JAMES HENRY BENNET [1816-91]. The forgotten pioneer. Annals of Medical History 2, 234-44, 1940.

SCHOUTE, D. CORNELIS HELENUS BURGERSDIJK (1803-1840). Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 20, 41-49, 1 pl., 1940.

TESTI, G. L'OPERA DEL "DOTTOR CELLULA," ANTON GIUSEPPE PARI (1802-1891). Societa italiana per il progresso delle scienze, Roma, 1939.

Reviewed by G. VERITA, Rivista di storia delle scienze 30, 115, 1939.

UNVER, A. SUHEYL; BELGER, METINE. DR. C. A. BERNARD (1806-1844), PROF. A L'ECOLE DE MEDECINE D'ISTANBUL, IL Y A EXACTEMENT UN SIECLE. Tib Fakiiltesi Mecmuasi 3, 1491-96, 6 pl., 1940.



116 XIXth (1) to XIXth (2)

VAN DER HOEVEN, J. EEN BRIEF VAN DR. J. VAN GEUNS AAN PROF. DR. C. PRUYS VAN DER HOEVEN. Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 20, 65-68, 1940.

E. ALIA

WINSTANLEY, D. A. EARLY VICTORIAN CAMBRIDGE. XII+460 p. New York, MACMIL- LAN, 1940 ($6.00).

This is the fourth of Dr. WINSTANLEY'S notable studies in the history of Cambridge University. The present volume is devoted to the events which took place, in that miniature nation-Cambridge, during the first sixty years of the nineteenth century. The author has had access to a large variety of documents which have hitherto lain un- examined, and these have been used with much effect to round out the history of a rather critical period in the development of the university. Dr. WINSTANLEY has a pleasant pen and a charitable one, and his wit is just of the right sort. Those who once savor of his books will impatiently await the appearance of yet another volume which, maybe, will carry the story of Cambridge down to the present day. Those who are unacquainted with the author's Cambridge in the 18th Century, Unreformed Cambridge, and Reminiscences of Cambridge are strongly urged to make good the deficiency, for each of these volumes makes the most delightful reading, and one is not expected to remember anything. The scholar interested in the way the wheels have gone round at Cambridge will here find indispensable leads and information. M.F.A.M.

XIXTH CENTURY (second half) B. PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

AITKEN, WILLIAM. WHO INVENTED THE TELEPHONE? x+196 p., illus. London, BLACKIE, 1939.

APPLEYARD, ROLLO. THE HISTORY OF THE INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

(1871-1931). 342 p., 38 pl. London, Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1939.

Reviewed by A. P. M. FLEMING, Nature 145, 914-15, 1940.

BLUNCK, RICHARD. JUSTUs VON LIEBIG. Die Lebensgeschichte eines Chemikers. 320

p., 6 pl. Berlin, LIMPERT-Verlag, 1938.

BRAGG, SIR WILLIAM. HISTORY OF THE VACUUM FLASK. Nature 145, 408-10, 2 fig., 1940.

(BRANLY, EDOUARD.) L'Illustration, Paris, 6 avril 1940.

Number partially devoted to him, apropos of his death and national funerals; richly illustrated. G.S.

DUFOUR, LOUIS. UN PRECURSEUR DE LA M ETEOROLOGIE DYNAMIQUE: FRANCOIS VAN

RIJSSELBERGHE (1846-1893). Ciel et Terre n? 12, 15 p., 1939.

FABRY, CHARLES. OEUVRES CHOISIES. Publiees ? l'occasion de son jubile scientifique. I +695 p. Jubile scientifique de CHARLES FABRY celebre a la Sorbonne le 3 decembre

1937. 96 p. Paris, GAUTHIER-VILLARS, 1938.

Reviewed by F. TWYMAN, Nature 143, 449-50, 1939.

LANGTON, HUGH HORNBY. SIR JOHN CUNNINGHAM MCLENNAN. A memoir. With a

chapter on his scientific work by E. F. BURTON. VIII +124 p., 13 pl. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1939.



XIXth (2) 117

Reviewed by RAYLEIGH, Nature 146, 111, 1940.

LARMOR, SIR JOSEPH (EDITOR). ORIGINS OF CLERK MAXWELL'S ELECTRIC IDEAS AS DESCRIBED IN FAMILIAR LETTERS TO WILLIAM THOMSON. 56 p. Cambridge University Press, 1937.

Reviewed by LEON BLOCH, Revue generale des sciences 49, 476, 1938.

PARSONS, ROBERT HODSON. THE EARLY DAYS OF THE POWER STATION INDUSTRY. x+218 p., 24 pl. Cambridge University Press, 1940.

Reviewed by A. RUSSELL, Nature 146, 146, 1940.

THOMPSON, LILIAN GILCHRIST. SIDNEY GILCHRIST THOMAS. An invention and its

consequences. 328 p., 8 pl. London, FABER and FABER, 1940.

Reviewed by H. C. H. CARPENTER, Nature 146, 245-46, 1940.

ZINNER, E. DIE REMEIS-STERNWARTE ZU BAMBERG. 96 p. (Veroffentlichungen de: Remeis-Sternwarte zu Bamberg, 4). Bamberg, 1939.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

DRENNAN, M. R. GOGGA BROWN, THE LIFE-STORY OF ALFRED BROWN, SOUTH AFRICA'S HERMIT-NATURALIST. Told from his journal. With a prefatory note by General J. C. SMUTS. XIII+99 p., frontispiece. Cape Town (no date, received in 1940).

Biography of ALFRED BROWN (1834-1920), English collector of palaeontological specimens in South Africa and hermit. Author of a Ms. journal in fifteen folio volumes largely devoted to the description of the habits of S. African reptiles. G.S.

(FOREMAN, GRANT.) ADVENTURE ON RED RIVER: REPORT ON THE EXPLORATION OF THE HEADWATERS OF THE RED RIVER. By RANDOLPH B. MARCY and G. B. MCCLELLAN.

Edited and annotated by GRANT FOREMAN. XXXI+199 p. Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1938.

Reviewed by JOHN PERRY PRITCHETT, American Historical Review 44, 742, 1939.

(KARPINSKI, A. P.). ALEXANDR PETROVICH KARPINSKI, 1846-1936. A bibliography, compiled by V. A. FEIDER, ed. by K. I. SHAFRANOVSKI, XXIII +313 p., 15 ills. Leningrad, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1938 (in Russian). Unbound, 12.50 rbls.; cloth, 15 rbls.

An excellent biographical sketch, by E. A. TOLMACHEVA-KARPINSKAYA, precedes the very elaborate bibliography. The bibliography includes 500 numbered and annotated entries, arranged by the year of publication, from 1869 to 1936. A curriculum-vitae framework for the bibliography is formed by yearly lists of dates and data concerning the great geologist's career, these lists preceding the titles of the publications of the corresponding years. The second half of the book consists of a series of carefully compiled indexes (pp. 148-312): an alphabetical list of the 500 titles, a geological index, a palaeontological index (Latin), geographical indexes (Russian and Latin), indexes of persons (R. and L.), a long list of biographical sketches and necrologues and a list of bibliographies of the works of KARPINSKI. The numerous portraits are a welcome addition to this model bio-bibliographical work. A.P.

SCHUCHERT, CHARLES; LEVENE, CLARA M. O. C. MARSH, PIONEER IN PALEON- TOLOGY. XXII +541 p., 30 pi., 33 fig. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1940 ($5.00).

OTHNIEL CHARLES MARSH (1831-1899) was the first professor of paleontology in America, the first vertebrate paleontologist of the U. S. Geological Survey, the founder



118 XIXth (2)

and builder of the great collection of fossil vertebrates in the Peabody Museum at Yale University, and a foremost contributor to the knowledge of fossil reptiles, birds, and mammals. His anatomical knowledge, paleontological experience, and biological insight made him an expert in the skeletal restorations of extinct vertebrates. He was among the early American exponents of organic evolution. His own work on Hesperornis and Ich- thyornis provided the linkage between reptiles and birds and his studies on fossil horses afforded an outstanding instance of the succession in time of types illustrating descent with modification. He followed with interest the evolution of the vertebrate brain noting its increase in relative volume in the ascending scale of vertebrate life. His outstanding paleontological work was done on dinosaurs, pteranodons, mososaurs, toothed birds, the origin and classification of mammals, Mesozoic and Cenozoic mammals. He played a very important part in the expansion of biological knowledge and basic concepts and in the organization of American science during its formative years. There is added a full bibliography of his works. C.A.K.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

ARA, PEDRO. EL SABIO ESPANOL SANTIAGO RAMON Y CAJAL EN LA NEUROLOGIA ANA- TOMICA. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Publicaciones de la catedra de historia de la medicina 3, 17-50, pl., 1940.

BERNARD, CLAUDE. DE L'ORIGINE DU SUCRE DANS L'ECONOMIE ANIMALE: DU SUC

PANCREATIQUE ET DE SON R6LE DANS LES PHENOMENES DE LA DIGESTION. With transla-

tions into English. (Medical classics, edited by EMERSON CROSBY KELLY, vol. 3, no. 5). Baltimore, WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 1939.

CARMICHAEL, EMMETT B. CHARLES ALEXANDER POPE. Annals of Medical History 2, 422-31, 1 ill., 1940.

CRICHTON-BROWNE, SIR JAMES (1840-1938). OBITUARY NOTICE BY G. M. HOLMES. Obituary notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 2, 519-21, port., 1939.

ECKMAN, JAMESt. MINNESOTA'S OLDEST MEDICAL JOURNAL. The Journal-Lancet 60, 60-68, 1940.

FLEXNER, HELEN THOMAS. A QUAKER CHILDHOOD. IX+335 p. New Haven, Yale

University Press, 1940 ($3.00). This sensitively written memoir, by Mrs. SIMON FLEXNER, is a beautiful "conversa-

tion piece" which is nostalgically reminiscent of Mrs. GASKELL'S Cranford. The book is about Mrs. FLEXNER'S own family, the Thomases of Baltimore, as recollected in tran- quillity by a child of that family. Because Mrs. FLEXNER has wrought through her recollections of childhood the temporal and spiritual experience of a renewed and deepened sense of life and beauty acquired during the last fifty years, her childhood experiences are profoundly and sensitively illumined for us. I believe that she has written a book which will come to occupy a permanent place in American literature, for it is that rare thing, a record of spiritual experience which has been as successfully written as it has been richly lived. M.F.A.M.

HALSTED, WILLIAM S. THE RADICAL CURE OF INGUINAL HERNIA IN THE MALE, 1893. THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE CURE OF CANCER OF THE BREAST PERFORMED AT

THE JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL, 1894 (Medical Classics. Compiled and edited by EMERSON CROSBY KELLY, vol. 3, no. 4) Baltimore, WILLIAMS and WILKINS, 1938.



XIXth (2) 119

HORINE, EMMET FIELD. A FORGOTTEN MEDICAL EDITOR, EDWIN SAMUEL GAILLARD

(1827-1885). Annals of Medical History 2, 375-82, 2 fig., 1940.

JACKSON, JOHN HUGHLINGS. FOUR PAPERS ON NERVOUS DISORDERS:-Defects of

sight in brain disease; Loss of speech with hemiplegia; Cases of nerve disorder; Divi- sions of the central nervous system. (Medical classics. Compiled and edited by EMERSON CROSBY KELLY, vol. 3, no. 10) Baltimore, WILLIAMS and WILKINS, 1939.

LAGRANGE, E. ROBERT KOCH. SA VIE ET SON OEUVRE. 90 p. Paris, LEGRAND, 1938.

MARSHALL, HELEN E. DOROTHEA DIX: FORGOTTEN SAMARITAN. IV +298 p. North Carolina University Press, 1937.

Reviewed by M. CREAK, British Journal of Medical Psychology 18, 102, 1939.

McCARTY, ARTHUR CLAYTON. DR. RICHARD JORDAN GATLING (1818-1903). Annals

of Medical History 2, 359-65, 2 fig., 1940.

OSLER, SIR WILLIAM. AEQUANIMITAS. With other addresses to medical students, nurses and practitioners of medicine. Reprinted from the third edition. Biographical note by Sir WALTER LANGDON-BROWN. XIV +452 p. London, LEWIS, 1939.

Reviewed in Nature 144, 899, 1939.

(OSLER, SIR WILLIAM). CLASSIFIED AND ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIR WILLIAM

OSLER'S PUBLICATIONS (Based on the Chronological bibliography by MINNIE WRIGHT

BLOGG). Edited by MAUDE E. ABBOTT. Second edition, revised and indexed. Montreal, Medical Museum, McGill University, 1939.

PACK, GEORGE T.; CAMPBELL, RUTH. HISTORICAL CASE RECORDS OF CANCER. The

laryngeal cancer of FREDERICK III of Germany. Annals of Medical History 2, 151-70, 1940.

PASTEUR, LOUIS. LETTRES DE JEUNESSE. I. II. III. Revue des deux mondes 110, 385-

405, 577-94, fevrier, 1940; 65-81, mars 1940.

RIESMAN, DAVID. THREE QUARTERS OF A CENTURY OF MEDICAL PROGRESS. Scientific Monthly 42, 129-36, 1936.

(TURK HEKIMLERI JUBILESI). 50 p., figs. (in Turkish). Kader Basim Evi.

"Brochure dediee en l'honneur des medecins turcs vivants qui ont professe continuelle- ment 50 ans. Pendant leur jubile de commemoration, le 13 mai 1939, aux salons de l'H6tel Tokatlian Istanbul. Organise par la Societe d'amitie et de solidarite des medecins turcs."

WHITE, WILLIAM. WITH LETTERS FROM CUSHING. Medical Record 151, 9-12, 1940.

WHITE, WILLIAM. WALT WHITMAN AND SIR WILLIAM OSLER. American Literature 11, 73-77, 1939.

WHITE, WILLIAM. SIR WILLIAM OSLER AS A CRITIC OF THE NOVEL. Medical Record 148, 340-42, 1938.



120 XIXth (2) to XXth

E. ALIA

GUMPERT, MARTIN. DUNANT: THE STORY OF THE RED CROSS. 323 p. New York, Ox- ford University Press, 1938.

Reviewed by THEODORE COLLIER, American Historical Review 45, 645-46, 1940, and also reviewed in Annals of Medical History 10, 563-64, 1938.

TILLETT, ALFRED W. HERBERT SPENCER BETRAYED. With some account of the re-

pudiation of the "Descriptive sociology" by his trustees. x +68 p. London, KING, 1939.


XXTH CENTURY


BONE, WILLIAM ARTHUR (1871-1938). OBITUARY NOTICE BY G. I. FINCH AND A. C. EGERTON. Obituary notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 2, 587-611, port., 1939.

(CAMPBELL, GEORGE ASHLEY). THE COLLECTED PAPERS OF GEORGE ASHLEY

CAMPBELL, RESEARCH ENGINEER OF THE AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COM-

PANY. XII+581 p., 1 pl. New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Co., 1937.

Reviewed by A. R., Nature 142, 591, 1938.

CAMPBELL, WILLIAM WALLACE (1862-1938). OBITUARY NOTICE BY F. W. DYSON.

Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 2, 613-19, port., 1939.

FILON, LOUIS NAPOLEON GEORGE (1875-1937). OBITUARY NOTICE BY G. B. JEF-

FERY. Obituary notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 2, 501-09, port., bibliography, 1939.

HALE, GEORGE ELLERY (1868-1938). OBITUARY NOTICE BY H. F. NEWALL. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 2, 523-29, port., 1939.

MARSH, JAMES ERNEST (1860-1938). OBITUARY NOTICE BY F. SODDY. Obituary No- tices of Fellows of the Royal Society 2, 549-56, port., 1939.

MASSON, SIR DAVID ORME (1858-1937). OBITUARY NOTICE BY A. C. D. RIVETT.


MELLOR, JOSEPH WILLIAM (1869-1938). OBITUARY NOTICE BY A. T. GREEN.


MOND, SIR ROBERT (1867-1938). OBITUARY NOTICE BY J. F. THORPE. Obituary Notices

of Fellows of the Royal Society 2, 627-32, port., 1939.

PERKIN, ARTHUR GEORGE (1861-1937). OBITUARY NOTICE BY R. ROBINSON. Obitu-

ary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 2, 445-50, port., 1939.

SCHOTT, GEORGE AUGUSTUS (1868-1937). OBITUARY NOTICE BY A. W. CONWAY.


TUTTON, ALFRED EDWIN HOWARD (1864-1938). OBITUARY NOTICE COMPILED FROM AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 2, 621-

26, port., 1939.



XXth 121

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

ANTIPA, GRIGORE. HOMMAGE A SON OEUVRE. 10 decembre 1867-10 decembre 1937. 727 p., pls. illus. Bucharest, Imprimeria Natzionala, 1938.

Reviewed by CHARLES UPSON CLARK, Science 89, 343, 1939.

BOYCOTT, ARTHUR EDWIN (1877-1938). OBITUARY NOTICE BY C. J. MARTIN.


BRONTMAN, LAZAR KONSTANTINOVICH. ON THE TOP OF THE WORLD: THE SOVIET EXPEDITION TO THE NORTH POLE, 1937. Edited by O. J. SCHMIDT. XIII+287 p., 25 pl., maps. London, GOLLANCZ, 1938.

Reviewed by R. N. RUDMOSE BROWN, Nature 141, 995, 1938.

CHURCH, ARTHUR HARRY (1865-1937). OBITUARY NOTICE BY A. G. TANSLEY.


EWART, ALFRED JAMES (1872-1937). OBITUARY NOTICE BY W. STILES. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 2, 465-69, port., 1939.

FISCHER, MARTIN HENRY. WILLIAM B. WHERRY, BACTERIOLOGIST. x+293 p., port., illus. Springfield, Ill., THOMAS, 1938.

Reviewed in Nature 145, 499, 1940; in Annals of Medical History 1, 313-14, 1939.

HARPER, FRANCIS. ARTHUR NEWLIN LEEDS. Journal of Mammalogy 20, 282-83, 1939.

HEIM, ALBERT (1849-1937). OBITUARY NOTICE BY E. B. BAILEY. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 2, 471-74, port., 1939.

HUTCHINSON, ARTHUR (1866-1937). OBITUARY NOTICE BY W. CAMPBELL SMITH.


MAYRICK, EDWARD (1854-1938). OBITUARY NOTICE BY A. W. HILL. Obituary Notices

of Fellows of the Royal Society 2, 531-48, port., bibliography, 1939.

NUTTALL, GEORGE HENRY FALKINER (1862-1937). OBITUARY NOTICE BY G. S. GRAHAM-SMITH AND D. KEILIN. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 2, 493-99, port., 1939.

"In spite of his multifarious activities, NUTTALL found time to collect the photographs of many parasitologists and biologists and this unique collection of more than 300 portraits now adorns the walls of the corridors in the Molteno Institute for Research in Parasitology at Cambridge, England." C.W.A.

PFIZENMAYER, E. W. SIBERIAN MAN AND MAMMOTH. Translated from the German by MURIEL D. SIMPSON. XII +56 p. London, BLACKIE, 1939.

Reviewed by R. N. R. BROWN, Geographical Journal 94, 69, 1939. A full account of the mammoth in all its aspects: twenty-one finds of mammoths are recorded in Siberia. C.W.A.

RENDLE, ALFRED BARTON (1865-1938). OBITUARY NOTICE BY D. PRAIN. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 2, 511-17, port., 1939.



122 XXth

(ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY). THE COURSE OF ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION BE- TWEEN LONGITUDES 20?W. AND 1100E.: Notes on the map compiled to accompany the

paper by LARS CHRISTENSEN. Geographical Journal 94, 204-08, map. 1939.

An elaborate map distinguishing the discoveries of some thirty-eight different expeditions, with names and dates of all known landings on the coast. C.W.A.

SMITH, SIR GRAFTON ELLIOT. A BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD BY HIS COLLEAGUES. Edited

by WARREN R. DAWSON. 272 p., 3 pl. London, CAPE, 1938.

Reviewed in Nature 141, 1117-18, 1938.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

ABEL, JOHN JACOB (1857-1938). OBITUARY NOTICE BY H. H. DALE. Obituary Notices

of Fellows of the Royal Society 2, 577-85, port., bibliography, 1939.

BATEMAN, DONALD. BERKELEY MOYNIHAN. XV+355 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940 ($4.00).

BERKELEY GEORGE ANDREW, Lord MOYNIHAN (1865-1936), as one of England's greatest surgeons is here memorialized in a pedestrian, yet interesting volume, which is perhaps more appropriate to its subject than a more scholarly volume would have been. The story is essentially written in the style of a success story, and since MOYNIHAN was the very type of an English surgeon whose manipulative ability has become legendary, the book throws an interesting, and altogether unintended light, upon many phases of a skilful surgeon's rise to success. M.F.A.M.

CASTALDI, LUIGI. ALBERTO CHIAPPELLI (Nel decennale della sua morte). Rivista di storia delle scienze 31, 11-23, 1940.

HANER, GENGIZ. TIBBIYE SEHITLERI. 55 p., figs. (in Turkish). Istanbul, Tiirkiye Basimevi, 1940.

"Brochure dediee aux professeurs et aux etudiants morts de la Faculte de Medecine de l'Universite d'Istanbul entre les annees 1933 et 1940."

HERTZLER, ARTHUR EMANUEL. THE HORSE AND BUGGY DOCTOR. Introduction by FRANCIS BRETT YOUNG. X +322 p. London, LANE, 1938.

MACHT, DAVID I. PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF PROFESSOR JOHN J. ABEL. Bulletin

of the History of Medicine 8, 721-30, 1940.

McKIE, A. B. COLONEL WILLIAM OSLER, M.D. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 295, pl., 1940.

SCHUCHARDT, H. E. DAS ROTE DOPPELKREUZ, DAS WAHRZEICHEN DER TUBER-

KULOSE-BEKXMPFUNG. Janus 44, 45-48, 1940.

SHERRINGTON, SIR CHARLES. SELECTED WRITINGS. A testimonial presented by the

Neurologists forming the guarantors of the journal Brain. Compiled and edited by D. DENNY BROWN. XIV+532 p. London, HAMILTON, 1939.

Reviewed by E. D. A., Nature 145, 166, 1940.

YOUNG, HUGH. A SURGEON'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY. XIII+554 p. New York, HARCOURT

BRACE, 1940 ($5.00).



XXth 123

HUGH HAMPTON YOUNG is the father of scientific urology and urological surgery in the United States and in the world. The ingenious instruments and operative procedures which he has devised have already saved countless human beings who were otherwise doomed to die a painful death. Wherever the surgery of the uro-genital tract is involved HUGH HAMPTON YOUNG'S methods are followed. In his autobiography, which is rich in factual material, recollections of famous men, and good stories, Dr. YOUNG most interestingly tells the story of the development of his surgical art and science; his account is most effectively assisted by the numerous brilliant drawings of WILLIAM P. DIDUSCH, one of the foremost medical illustrators of our time. The chapters dealing with the author's war experiences are of very great interest, and are considerably assisted by the author's honest broad humour. Dr. YOUNG has had a very rich and fruitful life, and this record of it will assume a permanent place in the long and honourable roll of medical autobiography. There is a good index. M.F.A.M.

E. ALIA

(ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE U.S.S.R., SECTION OF MATHEMATICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES). MATEMATIKA I ESTESTVOZNANIE v S.S.S.R. OCHERKI RAZVITIYA MATEMATICHESKIKH I ESTESTVENNYKH NAUK ZA DVADTSAT LET. (Mathematics and natural sciences in the U.S.S.R. Outlines of their development for the past twenty years.) Moscow, 1938.

(ALLEN, PERCY STAFFORD, 1869-1933). LETTERS OF P. S. ALLEN, edited by H. M. ALLEN. 998 p., port. Oxford University Press, 1939.

BUCHAN, JOHN (LORD TWEEDSMUIR). PILGRIM'S WAY. VII+336 p. Boston, HOUGHTON MIFFLIN, 1940 ($3.00).

Pilgrim's Way is the autobiography of a poor Scottish lad who became a famous author and ended his full, though all too short life, as Governor-General of Canada. The book is beautifully composed, and is destined to be read for many years as the remarkable story of a very charming man. But it is for another reason that the book is noticed here. If there exists another volume which so clearly depicts the unconscious tragedy and confusion of twentieth-century man as this, I am unaware of it. The book has been hailed in all the reviews which I have seen as a great spiritual biography by a very great man. It is that, but is also a great deal more, for it is also one of the best histories of the gradual development of a twentieth-century man, with his unconscious strivings for spiritual nourishment being gradually appeased and satisfied by the idols of the market place and the idols of the cave; with tinsel rewards and false values; with "honours" and appointments to "high places." Exactly. When JOHN BUCHAN was a student he would join in parties where good red wine was re-named "Falernian," and he and his fellow-students would imagine that they were Romans. And there is the key to the understanding of JOHN BUCHAN'S subsequent development; plebeian wine must be turned into patrician Falernian. BUCHAN wanted to become a patrician, and he did. His autobiography is the transparently honest and unceasingly charming account of the pilgrim's way on that errand bent-and in that account we may read, as in high relief, the processes by which most good men are turned into tragic failures. M.F.A.M.

DOWNIE, R. ANGUS. JAMES GEORGE FRAZER. The portrait of a scholar. Ix+151 p. London, WATTS, 1940.


FERRARIO, ARTEMIO. INVENZIONI E INVENTORI NEL XXo SECOLO. 570 p., 33 pl.



124 1. Antiquity

(Enciclopedia scientifica monografica italiana del XX? secolo, 1). Verona, BOMPIANI, 1938.

Restricted to Italian discoveries! G.S.

LUBBOCK, SAMUEL GURNEY. A MEMOIR OF MONTAGUE RHODES JAMES. List of his

writings by A. F. SCHOLFIELD. Cambridge University Press, 1939.

MAURICE, SIR FREDERICK. HALDANE, 1915-1938. The life of Viscount HALDANE of

Cloan, K. T., 0. M. xv +290 p., 8 pl. London, FABER and FABER, 1939.

Reviewed by T. LI. H., Nature 143, 1043-45, 1939.

PART II

HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION

I. ANTIQUITY

1. ANTIQUITY (generalities)

CASSON, STANLEY. ANCIENT CYPRUS. 214 p., 16 pl., map. London, METHUEN, 1937.

Reviewed by J. R. S., Antiquity 12, 499-501, 1938.

DIXON, PIERSON. THE IBERIANS OF SPAIN. VI + 155 p. New York, Oxford University Press, 1940 ($3.00).

The Iberians of Spain and their relations with the Aegean world in the Golden Age of Iberian civilization (which lasted from the sixth to the third century B. C.) is a subject which has hitherto been veiled in complete mystery. Something of this heavy fog has in recent years been dispelled, and it is now abundantly clear that the civilization of the Iberians was a very high one. Mr. DIXON, in a book which will at once assume its proper place as the leading work on the subject, believes that the evidence points to the fact that the Iberians of history were of Libyan stock. For this conclusion he makes out a good case, but until the physical anthropologists have been given the opportunity to examine the skeletal remains of the early Iberians, this conclusion must remain tentative.

The relations between the Greeks and the Iberians are worked out upon a number of planes by Mr. DIXON, and he shows conclusively that in many respects, the cultural capitulation to the Greeks was almost complete. This is particularly clear in connexion with their art.

There are a number of excellent plates, a map, a bibliography, and a good index. M.F.A.M.

ESSER, ALEXANDER ALBERT MARIA. DAS ANTLITZ DER BLINDHEIT IN DER ANTIKE. Eine medizinisch-kulturhistorische Studie. 178 p. Stuttgart, ENKE, 1939.

FARRINGTON, BENJAMIN. SCIENCE AND POLITICS IN THE ANCIENT WORLD. 244 p. London, ALLEN and UNWIN, 1939.

Reviewed by R. A. GREGORY, Nature 144, 764-66, 1939.

ODERWALD, J. L' ETUDE DE LA NAVIGATION ANTIQUE. Archeion 22, 57-62, 1940.

Apropos of the book of LEFEBVRE DE NOETTES (Paris 1935; Isis 26, 484-86).



2. Egypt 125

2. EGYPT

ANTONIADI, E. M.; CHATLEY, H. EGYPTIAN ASTRONOMY. The Observatory 63, 13-15, 1940.

BALL, JOHN. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOGRAPHY OF EGYPT. 308 p., maps, illus. Cairo, Government Press, Bulaq, 1939.

Reviewed by O.G.S.C., Antiquity 14, 332-33, 1940.

BRUNTON, GUY. MOSTAGEDDA AND THE TASIAN CULTURE. With a chapter by G. M. MORANT. VIII+163 p., 84 pl. (British Museum Expedition to Middle Egypt, first and second years, 1928). London, QUARITCH, 1937.

CAPART, JEAN. HIPPOCRATE ET LA MEDECINE EGYPTIENNE. Acad. r. de Belg. Bull. de la Cl. des Lettres et des Sc. mor. et pol., 25, 170-74, 1939.

CHATLEY, HERBERT. THE EGYPTIAN CELESTIAL DIAGRAM. The Observatory 63, 68-72, 1 fig., 1940.

HEYWORTH-DUNNE, J. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN MODERN EGYPT. XIV+503 p. London, LUZAC, 1939.

Reviewed by I. L. KANDEL, American Historical Review 45, 683, 1940.

IVERSEN, ERIK. PAPYRUS CARLSBERG NO VIII, WITH SOME REMARKS ON THE EGYPTIAN ORIGIN OF SOME POPULAR BIRTH PROGNOSES. 31 p., 2 pl. (Det Kgl. Danske Videnska- bernes Selskab. Historisk-Filologiske Meddelelser, 26). Copenhagen, MUNKSGAARD, 1939.

MERCER, SAMUEL A. B.; HALLOCK, FRANK HUDSON. THE TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. Luxor edition. 2 vols. xxIv+442 p.; Iv+p. 443-910. Toronto, MACMILLAN, 1939.

Reviewed by S. H. HOOKE, Nature 146, 177-78, 1940.

MOND, SIR ROBERT; MYERS, OLIVER H. CEMETERIES OF ARMANT I. With chapters by F. J. C. BALY, A. J. E. CAVE, SULIMAN HUZAYYIN, J. W. JACKSON, DE LACY O'LEARY and other contributions. xIII +300 p., xI +78 p. of plates. London, Egypt Exploration Society, 1937.

Reviewed by K. B., Nature 143, 452, 1939.

MOREUX, TH. LA SCIENCE MYSTERIEUSE DES PHARAONS. Nouvelle edition. 249+11 p., 8 pl., 39 fig. Paris, DOIN, 1938.

Contents: 1. Le secret du Sphinx; 2. Comment fut construite la Grande Pyramide; 3. Les rgevelations numeriques de la Grande Pyramide; 4. Les revelations geodesiques de la Grande Pyramide; 5. Les revelations astronomiques de la Grande Pyramide; 6. A travers la science antique; 7. L'optique des anciens; 8. A la lueur des etoiles; 9. Tradi- tions philosophiques et historiques; 10. Les traditions scientifiques; 11. Science et cos- mogonie.

MURRAY G. W. THE ROAD TO CHEPHREN'S QUARRIES. Geographical Journal 94, 97-114, 1939.



126 3. Babylonia and Assyria

The sites from which "diorite," i.e., anorthositic gneiss, and carnelian and amethyst were obtained. C.W.A.

SETHE, K. VOM BILDE ZUM BUCHSTABEN, DIE ENTSTEHUNGSGESCHICHTE DER SCHRIFT, MIT EINEM BEITRAG VON S. SCHOTT. (Untersuchungen zur Geschichte und Altertums- kunde Aegyptens, 12). Leipzig, 1939.

Reviewed by R. VAN DE WALLE and JEAN CAPART, Chronique d'Egypte 15, 85-88, 1940.

STETJER, ROBERT OTTO. UBER DAS WOHLRIECHENDE NATRON BEI DEN ALTEN AEGYP-

TERN. Interpretation, Darstellung und Kultur des sntr. xII+108 p. Leiden, BRILL,

1937.

Reviewed in Chronique d'Egypte 14, 118, 1939.

WAINWRIGHT, G. A. THE SKY-RELIGION IN EGYPT. XVI +121 p. Cambridge Univer-

sity Press, 1938 (8s. 6d.). "Mr. WAINWRIGHT, who has devoted special attention to the cults and myths of the

ancient Egyptians, here shows that the late, organised state-religion has been allowed to obscure the far older beliefs from which it must have evolved. He collects all the available evidence for this old religion, shows its relation with the beliefs of other Mediter- ranean countries, and establishes that the Pharaohs were deemed divine, credited with power over the air, and expected to work miracles in agriculture, because of the surviv- ing traditions of a forgotten sky-religion."

WINLOCK, H. E. THE ORIGIN OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CALENDAR. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 83, 447-64, 1940.

WOLFF, HANS FELIX. DIE KULTISCHE ROLLE DES ZWERGES IM ALTEN AEGYPTEN.

Anthropos 33, 445-514, Vienna, 1938.

Reviewed by B. VAN DE WALLE, Chronique d'Egypte 14, 108-10, 1939.

WON KENN (HWANG KYUAN-CHENG). ORIGINE ET EVOLUTION DE L'ECRITURE

HIEROGLYPHIQUE ET DE L'ECRITURE CHINOISE. Nouvelle edition. 95 p. (Etudes et documents publies par l'Institut Franco-Chinois de Lyon, 1). Paris, GEUTHNER, 1939.

3. BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA

BUSINK, TH. A. DE TOREN VAN BABEL. Zijn vorm en zijn beteekenis. II +80 p., 3 pi., 9 fig. Batavia, NOORDHOFF-KOLFF, 1938.

Reviewed by O. E. RAVN, OLZ 42, 290-93, 1939.

FRANKFORT, H. CYLINDER SEALS: A DOCUMENTARY ESSAY ON THE ART AND RELIGION

OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST. XLVIII+328 p. 48 pl. London, MACMILLAN, 1939.

Reviewed by R. D. B., Geographical Journal 95, 62-63, 1940.

LANDSBERGER, B. DIE SERIE ANA ITTISU. Herausgegeben und bearbeitet. 4+17+258 p. (Materialien zum Sumerischen Lexikon. Vokabulare und Formularbiicher, 1). Roma, Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1937.

Reviewed by ALBRECHT GOETZE, Journal of the American Oriental Society 59, 265-71, 1939.



4. Greece 127

POTRATZ, HANNS A. DAS PFERD IN DER FRUHZEIT. Dissertation. 215 p. Rostock, HINSTORFF (s.a.).

Reviewed by FERD. SOMMER, OLZ 42, 621-34, 1939.

SALONEN, ARMAS. ZUM VERSTANDNIS DES SUMERISCHEN SCHRIFTBAUTEXTES AO 5673 MIT BERtCKSICHTIGUNG DES TEXTES VAT 7035. (Studia orientalia, 8). 23 p. Helsinki, Soc. orient. fenn. 1938.

THUREAU-DANGIN, FRANQOIS. TEXTES MATHEMATIQUES BABYLONIENS, TRANSCRITS ET TRADUITS. T. ler. XL+243 p. Leiden, Societe orientale Ex Oriente Lux, 1938.

Reviewed by HILDEGARD LEWY, Journal of the American Oriental Society 60, 105-07, 1940.

VAN BUREN, E. DOUGLAS. THE FAUNA OF ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA AS REPRESENTED IN ART. 113 p., 23 pl. (Analecta Orientalia, 18). Rome, Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1939.

Reviewed by M. HILZHEIMER, Antiquity 14, 214-15, 1940.

4. GREECE

AUSTIN, R. G. GREEK BOARD-GAMES. Antiquity 14, 257-71, 1940.

ENRIQUES, FEDERIGO; SANTILLANA, GEORGE DE. HISTOIRE DE LA PENSEE

SCIENTIFIQUE, VI. Mathematiques et astronomie de la periode hellenique. 80 p. (Actu- alites scientifiques et industrielles, 845). Paris, HERMANN, 1939.

Continuation of the revised and expanded French translation of the Storia del pensiero scientifico (Rome 1932; Isis 23, 467-69). Five other parts have already appeared in the same collection, nos. 384-86, 572-73). G.S.

GASK, GEORGE E. EARLY MEDICAL SCHOOLS. III. The school of Alexandria. Annals of Medical History 2, 383-92, 1940.

PEARSON, LIONEL. EARLY IONIAN HISTORIANS. VI +240 p. New York, Oxford Univer-

sity Press, 1939.

Reviewed by JACOB HAMMER, American Historical Review 45, 851-53, 1940.

PRENTICE, WILLIAM KELLY. THE ANCIENT GREEKS. XI+254 p. Princeton Univer-

sity Press, 1940 ($3.00). Professor PRENTICE tells us in his preface that this book is the result of some forty

years of study. "Its purpose is to present for a new consideration certain matters concerning the ancient Greeks which we must understand correctly if we are to profit by the experiences and achievements of the ancient world." Forty years of study have convinced Professor PRENTICE that the traditional interpretations of Greek history were not all that they should be. There are many others who would agree, notably GILBERT MURRAY. What has always annoyed me in my reading of various aspects of Greek history is the lack of any reference to what might be called "the chewing-gum-and-dirty- postcard" aspects of Greek life (I cannot now recall where I got that phrase from, but it was from some authority who was dealing with this very subject). Professor PRENTICE does not make good this particular deficiency, but he does supply a revaluation of the more worldly-political aspects of Greek culture which makes very refreshing reading, and which will at once constitute a challenge and a stimulus to further research and



128 6. Middle Ages

revaluation. But why Professor PRENTICE should think that we may profit by the experiences and achievements of the ancient world, it is difficult to tell. Is there any evidence that any generation, however near or remote, has ever profited from the experiences of any other? M.F.A.M.

REIDEMEISTER, K. DIE ARITHMETIK DER GRIECHEN. Hamburger mathematische

Einzelschriften, H. 26 (1939), 32 p., 1 fig., 1940.

"Ich versuche die Rolle der Arithmetik im mathematischen Denken der Griechen aufzuklaren. Insbesondere wird gezeigt, dass EUKLID Buch X wesentlich arithmetische Gedankengainge verfolgt; es bildet die Kronung der arithmetischen Entwicklung. Zugleich erhellt, dass PLATO und die Pythagoraer hauptsachlich fir arithmetisches Denken interessiert waren, und so hoffe ich, dass das hier entworfene Bild auch fur die Interpretation der alten Philosophie von Bedeutung sein wird. Ein wesentlicher Teil meiner Ausfuhrungen besteht in einer Kritik der neupythagoraischen Uberlieferung, einer Kritik, die auch philologische Fragen streifen musste."

TARN, WILLIAM WOODTHORPE. THE GREEKS IN BACTRIA & INDIA. XXIII+539 p. Cambridge, University Press, 1938.

Reviewed by ROBERT H. MCDOWELL, American Historical Review 45, 103-05, 1939.

5. ROME

CARCOPINO, JEROME. DAILY LIFE IN ANCIENT ROME. xv+342 p. New Haven, Yale

University Press, 1940 ($4.00). This superlatively good book is by the distinguished director of the Ecole Francaise

de Rome. The period to which M. CARCOPINO has confined himself is from about the middle of the first century A.D., towards the end of the reign of CLAUDIUS or the beginning of the reign of NERO, through the reign of TRAJAN (98-117) to the end of the reign of HADRIAN (117-138). There is nothing about which information has been recoverable which M. CARCOPINO omits to mention and describe in his account of daily life in the Rome of this period. This is by far and away the best book of its kind in its own genre, and makes delightful reading. The scholar will find it indispensable. The illustrations which have been chosen by Professor HENRY T. ROWELL of the Johns Hopkins Univer- sity, are a most valuable feature of the book, while his editing of the notes and the writing of the bibliography outlining the present status of studies in this field, will render the volume one of great utility to classical scholars. M.F.A.M.

II. MIDDLE AGES

6. MIDDLE AGES (generalities)

CHEVALIER, A. G. THE ORIGIN OF THE MEDIEVAL UNIVERSITIES. The founding of the medical faculty of Montpellier. Medical teaching at Montpellier. Famous medical teachers of Montpellier. Ciba Symposia 1, 399-417, ills., 1940.

GRABIG, HANS. DIE MITTELALTERLICHE EISENHUTTENINDUSTRIE DER NIEDERSCHLE-

SISCH-LAUSITZER HEIDE UND IHRER WASSERHAMMER. Eine geschichtlichtechnische Untersuchung, 95 p., 31 fig. Breslau, HEYDEBRAND, 1937.

Reviewed by ZAUNICK, Mitt. zu Gesch. d. Med. 38, 323, 1939.

HASKINS, CHARLES HOMER. (1870-1937). THE RISE OF UNIVERSITIES. x+134 p. New York, SMITH, 1940.



6. Middle Ages 129

The first edition of this book was published in 1923. It was then reviewed (Isis 6, 203) and there is no need of reviewing it again, for the book is a classic which every mediaeval student should read. We may recall that a biography of the author by LYNN THORNDIKE was published in Isis 28, 53-56, 1938, with a portrait. The new edition is simply a facsimile reprint of the first. G.S.

ISAGER, KR. ZAHNKARIES UND ZAHNVERLUST AN 374 KRANIEN AUS DEM DANISCHEN

MITTELALTER. Tandlaegebladet Nr. 12, 1938.

Reviewed by J. A. V., Janus 43, 333, 1939.

KLIBANSKY, RAYMOND. THE CONTINUITY OF THE PLATONIC TRADITION DURING THE

MIDDLE AGES. Outlines of a Corpus Platonicum Medii Aevi. 58 p., 5 pl. London, War- burg Institute, 1939.

"The present study is intended to indicate the materials which constitute the body of the Platonic tradition in the Middle Ages and to show the main lines in which this tradition developed. It should thus serve as the framework for a history of mediaeval Platonism and its bearing on the philosophy of the Renaissance. This larger work requires a collection of the relevant texts in a 'Corpus Platonicum Medii Aevi' which would make clear an important and rather neglected link in the history of thought. The programme which we outline here having been accepted by the British Academy, the Corpus Platonicum is to be published under its auspices, and those of the Union Academique Internationale, with the assistance of the Warburg Institute of London, which under its present director, as under its founder, ABY WARBURG, has always sponsored research on Platonism. The Mediaeval Academy of America has promised its friendly support." Our every good wish for the progress of this great and timely undertaking. G.S.

RAND, E. K. PRICKINGS IN A MANUSCRIPT OF ORLEANS. Transactions of the American

Philological Association 70, 327-41, 6 fig., 1939.

SCHUMACHER, JOSEPH. DIE SEELISCHEN VOLKSKRANKHEITEN IM DEUTSCHEN MIT-

TELALTER UND IHRE DARSTELLUNGEN IN DER BILDENDEN KUNST. 77 p., 42 fig. (Neue Deutsche Forschungen, Abtg. Geschichte d. Med. u. d. Naturw., 3). Berlin, JUNKER u.

DUNNHAUPT, 1937.

THOMAS, A. H.; THORNLEY, I. D. (EDD.). THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF LONDON.

LXXVI +502 p. London, JONES, 1938.

Reviewed by G. L. HASKINS, Speculum 14, 504-15, 1939.

THOMSON, S. HARRISON. PROGRESS OF MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES IN THE

UNITED STATES AND CANADA. Bulletin no. 15, 85 p. Boulder, University of Colorado, 1940.

THORNDIKE, LYNN. LITTLE KNOWN MEDICAL WORKS AND AUTHORS IN BASEL MANU-

SCRIPTS. Annals of Medical History 2, 280-90, 1940.

THORNDIKE, LYNN. THREE TRACTS ON FOOD IN BASEL MANUSCRIPTS. Bulletin of the

History of Medicine 8, 355-69, 1940.

WHITE, LYNN, JR. TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION IN THE MIDDLE AGES. Speculum 15, 141-59, 1940.



130 8. Eastern Asia

YASSER, JOSEPH. MEDIAEVAL QUARTAL HARMONY (A PLEA FOR RESTORATION). 103 p. New York, American Library of Musicology, 1938.

Reviewed by LEONARD ELLINWOOD, Speculum 15, 127-28, 1940.

7. BYZANTIUM

SCHNEIDER, ALFONS MARIA. BYZANZ. Vorarbeiten zur Topographie und Archa- ologie der Stadt. Beitrag von W. KARNAPP. x +106 p., 10 pl., 1 map. (Istanbuler For-

schungen, 8). Berlin, Archaol. Inst. d. Deutschen Reiches, Abt. Istanbul, 1936.

Reviewed by ST. VON STEPSKI, OLZ 42, 278-81, 1939.

STARR, JOSHUA. THE JEWS IN THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE, 641-1204. VII +266 p. Athens,

Verlag der "Byzantinisch-Neugriechischen Jahrblicher," 1939.

Reviewed by A. A. VASILIEV, American Historical Review 45, 200, 1939.

III. ORIENTAL SCIENCE AND CIVILIZATION

8. EASTERN ASIA (Including works relative to the whole of Buddhist Asia, or to India, Central and Eastern Asia combined)

BISHOP, CARL WHITING. BEGINNINGS OF CIVILIZATION IN EASTERN ASIA. Antiquity

14, 301-16, 5 fig., 1940.

BRUIJN, J. V. DE. H. N. SIEBURGH EN ZIJN BETEEKENIS VOOR DE JAVAANSCHE OUDHEID-

KUNDE. 209 p., 5 pls. Leiden, Luctor et Emergo, 1937.

Reviewed by W. H. MORELAND, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 283, 1939.

FUCHS, WALTER. BEITRXGE ZUR MANDJURISCHEN BIBLIOGRAPHIE UND LITERATUR.

146 p., 8 pl., 17 fig. (Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fiir Natur- und Volkerkunde Ostasiens, Supplementband 14). Tokyo, 1936.

The study of Manchurian literature was begun by MOELLENDORFF in 1890, and continued by GILES in 1898, by LAUFER in 1908. FUCHS had made a great step forward but much remains to be done. The main collections are in Russia. The Manchurian "incunabula"-i.e., the books printed from 1639 to 1661 are very few; 24 only are dated. The earliest of all, strangely enough, is an official document dated 26 June, 1639, printed in Manchu and Chinese, forbidding the cultivation and smoking of tobacco (see plate 1). The author failed to recall the very interesting Manchu Ms. anatomy, translated from the French in 1723 and preserved in the library of Copenhagen (Isis 12, 161). G.S.

GIMLETTE, JOHN D. (1867-1934). A DICTIONARY OF MALAYAN MEDICINE. Edited and

completed by H. W. THOMSON. With a foreword by Sir MALCOLM WATSON. XVI +259 p. London, Oxford University Press, 1939 (7 s. 6d).

Excellent dictionary by the author of Malay poisons and charms (1st ed. 1915, 2nd ed. 1923; 3rd, 1929; Isis 8, 810), co-editor of the Medical book of Malayan medicine (Singa- pore 1930; Isis 17, 551), and introducer of the powerful insecticide, Derris elliptica. The words belong to some 22 languages. Judging from a few samplings quite a number are derived from Arabic; others are derived from various Malayan languages, Chinese, Hindustani, Sanskrit, Tamil, Portuguese, English, etc. This very valuable book is extraordinarily cheap. G.S.

GOODRICH, L. CARRINGTON. SOME BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON EASTERN ASIATIC

BOTANY. Journal of the American Oriental Society 60, 258-60, 1940.



10. China 131

Apropos of the bibliography by ELMER D. MERILL anR EGBERT H. WALKER. G.S.

PRAWDIN, MICHAEL. THE MONGOL EMPIRE. 581 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940

($5.00). This brilliant book traces the fortunes of the Mongol Empire from their beginnings to

their decline right up to the present day. MICHAEL PRAWDIN has written a first-rate book which is, as far as I can judge, sound and certainly full of illuminating insights. Of particular value is the author's discussion of some of the more obscure phases of European history, such as the influence of Asia upon Europe in the Middle Ages, and of Asia's part in the development of pre-Renaissance Europe. There is a good bibliography, good maps, and an index. M.F.A.M.

YOUN, L. EUL SOU. LE CONFUCIANISME EN COREE. Preface de M. Le Professeur MASSON-OURSEL. 2ieme edition. x+198 p. Paris, GEUTHNER, 1939.

9. INDIA

COMBAZ, GISBERT. L'INDE DE L'ORIENT CLASSIQUE. 265 p., 51 p., 165 pi. Paris, GEUTHNER, 1937.

LAW, BIMALA CHURN. CONCEPTS OF BUDDHISM. With a foreword by the Marquess of ZETLAND. XI+104 p. Amsterdam, Paris, 1937.

MISHRA, UMESHA. CONCEPTION OF MATTER ACCORDING TO NYAYA-VAICESIKA. With a

foreword by GANGANATHA JHA and an introduction by GOPINATH KAVIRAJ. XXXVIII

+428 p. Allahabad, MISHRA, 1936.

Reviewed by E. J. THOMAS, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 122-23, 1939.

MOOKERJI, RADHA KUMUD. HINDU CIVILIZATION: FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES UP TO

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MAURYA EMPIRE. xv +352 p., 12 pl., 3 maps. London, LONG-

MANS GREEN, 1936.

Reviewed by E. J. THOMAS, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 124-25, 1939.

REDDY, D. V. S. FAINTING AND COLLAPSE AS ILLUSTRATED IN ANCIENT INDIAN SCULP-

TURE. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 277-84, 3 fig., 1940.

ROSS, ALLAN S. C. THE "NUMERAL-SIGNS" OF THE MOHENJO-DARO SCRIPT. IV +21 p., 2 pl. (Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India, no. 57). Delhi, Manager of Pub-

lications, 1938.

Reviewed by P. MERIGGI, OLZ 42, 757-58, 1939.

10. CHINA

BOODBERG, PETER A. CHINESE ZOOGRAPHIC NAMES AS CHRONOGRAMS. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 5, 128-36, 1940.

CHATLEY, HERBERT. THE TRUE ERA OF THE CHINESE SIXTY YEAR CYCLE. T'oung Pao 34, 138-45, 1938.

FEI, HSIAO-TUNG. PEASANT LIFE IN CHINA. A field study of country life in the Yangtze Valley. xxVI+300 p., 14 pl. London, ROUTLEDGE, 1939.




11. Japan

FUCHS, W. MATERIALIEN ZUR KARTOGRAPHIE DER MANDJU-ZEIT. I. Monumenta Serica. Vol. 1, fasc. 9. 386-427, Peiping, 1935.

Reviewed in Imago Mundi 3, 111, 1939.

GARDNER, CHARLES S. CHINESE TRADITIONAL HISTORIOGRAPHY. XVI +120 p. (Har- vard Historical Monographs, 11). Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1938 ($1.25).

This is an elaborate study of Chinese historiography somewhat modelled upon the arrangement of our own treatises ad hoc: motivation, textual criticism, internal criticism, synthesis, style. It is very valuable indeed being based upon an intimate knowledge of Chinese literature. Chinese characters are quoted throughout. My only regret is that the author has thought fit to introduce a new kind of transcription, which, however justified, cannot but increase the confusion. No single individual has the right to do that! G.S.

HUMMEL, ARTHUR WILLIAM. THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A CHINESE HISTORIAN. Be-

ing the preface to a symposium on ancient Chinese history (Ku shih pien). Translated and annotated. XLII +200 p. (Sinica Leidensia, 1). Leyden, BRILL, 1931.

This autobiographical preface (tztu hsii) by the contemporary Chinese scholar Ku CHIEH-KANG (born 1893) is a document of great importance for the understanding of ancient and modern scholarship in China. It helps one to appreciate the tremendous difficulties involved, e.g., in the differentiation of genuine from spurious texts. In addition to that, economic difficulties are so great that the pioneer scholars who are trying to place Chinese historiography on a scientific basis need heroic qualities. The final pages written in April 1926 are deeply moving. The author wrote them as aeroplanes were bombing Peking . . . The translation is enriched with a large number of valuable notes, and every Chinese character is duly quoted. For a more technical review of this excellent book, see P. PELLIOT (T'oung Pao 29, 130-35, 1932). G.S.

PURCELL, VICTOR. PROBLEMS OF CHINESE EDUCATION. VIII+261 p. London, KEGAN

PAUL, 1936.

Reviewed by C. H. PEAKE, American Historical Review 44, 395-96, 1939.

REISCHAUER, EDWIN O. NOTES ON T'ANG DYNASTY SEA ROUTES. Harvard Journal

of Asiatic Studies 5, 142-64, 1940.

R1MUSAT, ABEL. LE LIVRE DES RECOMPENSES ET DES PEINES. Manuel de morale Taoiste. Traduit du Chinois avec des notes et des eclaircissements. Nouvelle edition, conforme a l'edition originale de 1816 et precedee d'une notice historique sur la vie et les oeuvres d'ABEL REMUSAT par SILVESTRE DE SACY. 113+11 p. (Les joyaux de

l'Orient, 3). Paris, GEUTHNER, 1939.

REYNOLDS, PHILIP K.; FANG, C. Y. THE BANANA IN CHINESE LITERATURE. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 5, 165-81, 3 pl., 1940.

TENG, SSU'-YU; BIGGERSTAFF, KNIGHT. AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CHINESE REFERENCE WORKS. VI+271 p. (Yenching Journal of Chinese Studies, mono-

graph series no. 12). Peiping, Yenching University, 1936.

11. JAPAN

GASPARDONE, EMILE. LA CHRONOLOGIE ANCIENNE DU JAPON. Journal asiatique 230, 235-77, 1938 (rec'd Oct. 1939).

132



12. Israel 133

KUNO, YOSHI SABURO. JAPANESE EXPANSION ON THE ASIATIC CONTINENT.

A study in the history of Japan with special reference to her international relations with China, Korea, and Russia. Volume I and II. (Publications of the Northeastern Asia Seminar of the University of California). Berkeley, University of California Press, 1937-40.

REISCHAUER, EDWIN O. THE THUNDER-WEAPON IN ANCIENT JAPAN. Harvard Journal

of Asiatic Studies 5, 137-41, 1940.

REISCHAUER, ROBERT KARL. EARLY JAPANESE HISTORY (c. 40 B.C.-A.D. 1167). Part A: XIII-405 p.; Part B: v+249 p. Princeton University Press, 1937.

WILDES, HARRY EMERSON. ALIENS IN THE EAST. 360 p. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1937.

Reviewed in Journal of the American Oriental Society 59, 149-50, 1939.

12. ISRAEL (including works devoted to Palestine)

DALMAN, GUSTAF. ARBEIT UND SITTE IN PALXSTINA. Bd. V: Webstoff, Spinnen, Weben, Kleidung. xII +396 p., 128 fig. (Schriften des Deutschen Palastina-Instituts, 8). Giitersloh, BERTELSMANN, 1937.

GORDIS, ROBERT. THE BIBLICAL TEXT IN THE MAKING. A study of Kethib-Qere. v +219 p. Philadelphia, Dropsie College, 1937.

HARRIS, R. LAIRD. A MENTION OF POTTERY GLAZING IN PROVERBS. Journal of the American Oriental Society 60, 268-69, 1940.

KAGAN, SOLOMON R. JEWISH CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICINE IN AMERICA. From Colonial times to the present. Foreword by JAMES J. WALSH. Second edition, revised and en-

larged. xxxII+792 p. Boston Medical Publishing Co., 1939.

Reviewed in Jewish Quarterly Review 31, 103, 1940. First edition appeared in 1934.

KATZ, SOLOMON. THE JEWS IN THE VISIGOTHIC AND FRANKISH KINGDOMS OF SPAIN AND GAUL. 182 p., 6 pl. (Monographs of the Mediaeval Academy of America, 12). Cam- bridge, Mass., Mediaeval Academy, 1937.

Reviewed by ROBERT ANCHEL, Journal des savants 255-65, 1938.

LANDAU, MAXIMILIAN. BEITRAGE ZUM CHAZARENPROBLEM. 46 p. (Schriften der Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaft des Judentums, 43). Breslau, MUNZ, 1938.

Reviewed by D. S. MARGOLIOUTH, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 76, 1940.

LEWKOWITZ, ALBERT. DAS JUDENTUM UND DIE GEISTIGEN STROMUNGEN DES 19. JAHRHUNDERTS. XII+570 p. Breslau, MARCUS, 1935.

Reviewed by SAMUEL S. COHON, Jewish Quarterly Review 29, 319-30, 1939.

LIEBERMANN, SAUL. TOSEFETH RISHONIM. A commentary based on manuscripts of the Tosefta and works of the Rishonim and Midrashim in manuscripts and rare editions. Part I: Seder seraim moed. Part II: Seder nashim, nezikim, kodashim. 250 p., 310 p. Jerusalem, BAMBERGER & WAHRMANN, 1937, 1938.



134 14. Islam

Reviewed by RUDOLF MEYER, OLZ 42, 229-31, 1939.

MUNTNER, SUSSMAN. THE HISTORY OF THE HEBREW TONGUE AS THE LANGUAGE OF

MEDICAL LEARNING. Reprinted from Our Tongue vol. 10, 34 p., 1 pl., Jerusalem, 1939 (in Hebrew).

This brief summary was written for the opening of the new medical center of the He- brew University in Jerusalem. It reviews the ample evidence proving that for several centuries before the Renaissance the majority of medical lore was written and studied in Hebrew. The existence of more than fifteen thousand Hebrew manuscripts dealing with medical subjects is in itself ample proof of the point. It is of interest to note in this connection that in VESALIUS' Fabrica all the more abstruse medical terms are printed in Hebrew as well as in the Latin transliteration of the Hebrew. The article concludes with a valuable chronological list of all the medical authors and translators who wrote in Hebrew from the tenth to the twentieth centuries. D.N.

NEUSTATTER, OTTO. THE "EMERODS" IN THE BOOK OF SAMUEL. Journal of the Ameri- can Medical Association 144, 4 p., 1940.

RABINOWITZ, L. THE SOCIAL LIFE OF THE JEWS OF NORTHERN FRANCE IN THE XII-

XVI CENTURIES AS REFLECTED IN THE RABBINICAL LITERATURE OF THE PERIOD. 268 p. London, GOLDSTON, 1938.

Reviewed by JOSEPH SARACHEK, Jewish Quarterly Review 29, 419-21, 1939.

ROBERTSON, CHARLES CHETWODE. ON THE TRACK OF THE EXODUS. With a foreword by E. H. THOROLD. xv +107 p. London, GALE & POLDEN, 1936.

Reviewed in Jewish Quarterly Review 30, 190-91, 1939.

SCHOEPS, HANS JOACHIM. JfUDISCH-CHRISTLICHES RELIGIONSGESPRACH IN 19 JAHR-

HUNDERTEN. Geschichte einer theologischen Auseinandersetzung. 159 p. Berlin, Vor- trupp, 1937.

Reviewed by SAMUEL S. COHON, Jewish Quarterly Review 29, 330-32, 1939.

VINCENT, ALBERT. LA RELIGION DES JUDEO-ARAMEENS D'ELEPHANTINE. 723 p. Paris, GEUTHNER, 1937.

Reviewed by G. GOOSSENS, Chronique d'Egypte 15, 89-90, 1940.

13. IRAN

NYBERG, HENRIK SAMUEL. DIE RELIGIONEN DES ALTEN IRAN. Deutsch von H. H. SCHAEDER. IX+506 p. (Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatischen-Aegyptischen Gesellschaft, 43). Leipzig, HINRICHS, 1938.

Reviewed by R. C. ZAEHNER, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 210-12, 1940.

14. ISLAM (also Arabia)

ASIN PALACIOS, MIGUEL. EL ORIGEN DEL LENGUAJE Y PROBLEMAS CONEXOS, EN

ALGAZEL, IBN SIDA E IBN HAZM. Al-Andalus 4, 253-81, 1939 (received April 1940).

BEL, ALFRED. LA RELIGION MUSULMANE EN BERBERIE. Esquisse d'histoire et de

sociologie religieuses. T. I: Etablissement et developpement de l'Islam en Berberie du

VIIe au XXe siecle. 408 p. Paris, GEUTHNER, 1938.



14. Islam 135

Reviewed by M. ALONSO, Al-Andalus 4, 475-76, 1939 (received April 1940).

CHEW, SAMUEL C. THE CRESCENT AND THE ROSE: ISLAM AND ENGLAND DURING THE RENAISSANCE. XVIII+583 p., 16 ills. New York, Oxford University Press, 1937.

Reviewed by D. S. MARGOLIOUTTH, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 142-43, 1939.

GAUDEFROY-DEMOMBYNES. SUR QUELQUES OUVRAGES DE HISBA. Journal asiatique 230, 449-57, 1938 (received May 1940).

Note publiee a l'occasion de l'ouvrage de REUBEN LEVY (Cambridge 1938; Isis 31, 151). "En resume, il semble que l'on puisse classer ainsi les traites de hisba actuellement connus: 1. Des ouvrages theoriques: MAWARDI, GHAZALI, NOWAIRI, IBN TAYMIA; 2. Des recueils de fatwa: le nisdb (R. L. n0 4); 3. Des recueils pratiques andalous originaux: SAQATI, IBN ABDtN (R. L. n?s 5 et 8); 4. Des manuels pratiques orientaux: (a) ma'dlim (R. L. n? 3) =pseudo-MAwARDI de Stamboul et de Jerusalem =nihdya (R. L. n?. 1) =BERNHAUER, (b) IBN BASSAM (R. L. n? 2). Les derniers sont les descendants d'un ancien code de marches et de corporations, rediges sous l'influence des juristes, puis modifies selon des conditions economiques nouvelles et enrichis de l'experience de multasibs successifs. Quelques-uns d'entre eux tout en modifiant l'oeuvre traditionnelle, lui ont conserve le nom du grand ancetre, MAWARDI; d'autres ont ecrit quelques pages initiales et finales et ont mis leur nom a la premiere page: le titre a ete laisse a la fan- taisie du copiste." G.S.

HEYWORTH-DUNNE, J. PRINTING AND TRANSLATIONS UNDER MUHAMMAD 'ALI OF EGYPT. The foundation of modern Arabic. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 325-49, 1940.

HEYWORTH-DUNNE, J. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN EGYPT.

XIv+503 p. London, LUZAC, 1939.

Reviewed by VICTOR WATSON, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 364-65, 1940.

LEACH, E. R. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION OF THE ROWANDUZ KURDS. II+74

p. London, HUMPHRIES, 1940 (5/-).

This is no. 3 in the new series of Monographs on Social Anthropology published under the general editorship of Prof. B. MALINOWSKI from the London School of Economics. The present work, though unavoidably based on only five weeks of field work among the Rowanduz Kurds, is a most interesting and valuable contribution to our almost non- existent knowledge of the ethnology of such Mahomedan groups. M.F.A.M.

LiVI-PROVENQAL, E. LA CIVILISATION ARABE EN ESPAGNE. Vue generale. 9208 p. Le

Caire, 1938.

Reviewed by E. G. G., Al-Andalus 5, 249-50, 1940.

RENAUD, HENRI PAUL JOSEPH. LE TRACHOME DANS LA MEDECINE ARABE MARO- CAINE. 7 p. Congres medical de Tunis, 1938.

ROBSON, JAMES (ED.). TRACTS ON LISTENING TO MUSIC: Dhamm al-maldhz BY IBN ABI-L-DUNYA AND Bawdriq al-ilmd' BY MAJD AL-DIN AL-TCST AL-GHAZALt. Edited, with introduction, translation, and notes. vIII 191 p. (Oriental Translation Fund, new series, 34). London, Royal Asiatic Society, 1938.

Reviewed by R. A. NICHOLSON, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 241-42, 1940.



136 New World and Africa

SIMSAR, MUHAMMED AHMED. THE WAQFIYAH OF AHMED PASA. x+203 p., 3 illus.

Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1940. ($3.00) Elaborate edition, perhaps too elaborate, of a Turkish-Muslim deed of trust dated

1511. The Arabic text is reproduced in facsimile, with a complete transliteration, English version and abundant notes. The editor has added a long study on Islamic awqaf (deeds devoting the income of a property to religious or charitable purposes). The endowment is inalienable, because God is supposed to be the trustee. Other chapters explain the par- ticularities of Ottoman awqaf, the biography of AHMAD pasha (d. 1517), etc. The author discusses every detail with great and sometimes painful precision, but his use of mongrel plurals of Arabic words (as waqfs instead of awqaf, singular waqf) is very annoying. G.S.

TALAS, ASAD. L'ENSEIGNEMENT CHEZ LES ARABES. La madrasa nizamiyya et son histoire. xnI+125 p. Paris, GEUTHNER, 1939.

"Le but que nous nous sommes propose d'atteindre dans cette etude etait de montrer l'importance de la madrasa Nizamtyya (creee en 1067) dans sa lutte contre les shi'ites et les batinites. En effet, le fondateur de cette madrasa avait deux buts: detruire ces deux sectes et preparer des sunnites capables d'occuper les differentes fonctions de 1'Etat qui, jadis, etaient entre les mains des shi'ites et des batinites. Ces deux buts ont ete atteints, comme on s'en rend compte en lisant notre travail."

tNVER, A. StJHEYL. UN EXEMPLE DU FAIT QU'ON PRENAIT UN CONSENTEMENT ORAL

AVANT DE PRATIQUER UNE OPERATION. Turk tib tarihi arkivi 4, 128, 1940.

UNVER, A. StHEYL. TURKISCHE MEDIZIN-GESCHICHTLICHE DOKUMENTE IM STAATS-

ARCHIV. Turk tib tarihi arkivi 4, 130-31, 1940.

WENSINCK, ARENT JAN. LES PREUVES DE L'EXISTENCE DE DIEU DANS LA THEOLOGIE MUSULMANE. 28 p. Amsterdam, 1936.

Reviewed by M. ALONSO, Al-Andalus 4, 472, 1939 (received April 1940).

IV. NEW WORLD AND AFRICA

(a) AMERICA

DENNIS, WAYNE. THE HOPI CHILD. XI+204 p. New York, APPLETON-Century, 1940

($2.50). A valuable, and in many ways pioneering, contribution to the study of the ethno-

psychology of childhood. A field study among the Hopi Indians. M.F.A.M.

FRAZER, SIR JAMES GEORGE. THE NATIVE RACES OF AMERICA. A copious selection of passages for the study of social anthropology from the manuscript notebooks of Sir JAMES GEORGE FRAZER. Arranged and edited from the MSS by ROBERT ANGUS DOWNIE.

x +352p. (Anthologia Anthropologica). London, LUND, HUMPIIRIES, 1939.


HAY, CLARENCE L., ET AL. (EDITORS). THE MAYA AND THEIR NEIGHBORS. XXIV+ 606 p. New York, APPLETON-Century, 1940 ($6.00).

The editors describe this volume as "a summary of current opinion on the field of Middle American archaeology." But it is much more than that, much broader in scope and vastly more informative and entertaining than the editors have attempted to sug-



New World and Africa 137

gest. It might more accurately have been entitled the cultural and physical anthropology of the Maya and their neighbors. The book is written for the student and for the general reader, and the contributors are all authorities in their fields. The contributors and their contributions are: W. W. HOWELLS, The origins of American Indian race types. 0. G. RICKETSON, Jr., An outline of basic physical factors affecting Middle America. R. LIN- TON, Crops, soils, and culture in America. C. KLUCKHOHN, The conceptual structure in Middle American studies. J. A. MASON, The native languages of Middle America. F. JOHNSON, The linguistic map of Mexico and Central America. A. V. KIDDER, Archae- ological problems of the Highland Maya. J. E. S. THOMPSON, Archaeological problems of the Lowland Maya. S. G. MORLEY, Maya epigraphy. E. W. ANDREWS, Chronology and astronomy in the Maya area. H. J. SPINDEN, Diffusion of Maya astronomy. H. E. D. POLLOCK, Sources and methods in the study of Maya architecture. A. L. SMITH, The corbeled arch in the New World. K. RUPPERT, A special assemblage of Maya structures. R. WAUCHOPE, Domestic architecture of the Maya. R. E. SMITH, Ceramics of the Peten. M. BUTLER, A pottery sequence from the Alta Verapaz. J. M. LONGYEAR III, The ethnological significance of Copan pottery. E. A. HOOTON, Skeletons from the Cenote of sacrifice at Chichen Itza. O. LA FRAGE, Maya ethnology: the sequence of cultures. G. C. VAILLANT, Patterns in Middle American archaeology. E. NOGUERA, Excavations at Tehuacan. G. F. EKHOLM, The archaeology of northern and western Mexico. F. H. H. ROBERTS, Pre-pottery horizon of the Anasazi and Mexico. J. 0. BREW, Mexican influence upon the Indian cultures of the Southwestern United States in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. P. PHILLIPS, Middle American influ- ences on the archaeology of the Southeastern United States. C. E. GUTHE, Sequence of culture in the Eastern United States. W. D. STRONG, Anthropological problems in Central America. D. STONE, The Ulua Valley and Lake Yojoa. F. B. RICHARDSON, Non-Maya monumental sculpture of Central America. S. K. LOTHROP, South America as seen from Middle America. P. A. MEANS, The philosophic interrelationship between Middle American and Andean religions. A. KIDDER II, South American penetrations in Middle America. A. L. KROEBER, Conclusions: The present status of Americanistic problems. Bibliography. Index. The work is well illustrated and well printed, and the citations of the names of the contributors and the titles of their articles should be sufficient to show that this is the best all-round general work on Mayan studies which has yet been published. Since most of the contributors to this work were at one time students of Prof. ALFRED MARSTON TOZZER, the book is gracefully dedicated to him. M.F.A.M.

HEATON, CLAUDE E. OBSTETRICS IN COLONIAL AMERICA. Ciba Symposia 1, 389-94, 1940.

JONES, CHESTER LLOYD. GUATEMALA PAST AND PRESENT. XII +420 p. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1940 ($5.00).

The most authoritative study of the socio-economic study of Guatemala available. M.F.A.M.

KNOWLES, NATHANIEL. THE TORTURE OF CAPTIVES BY THE INDIANS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82, 151-295, 1940.

LEIKIND, MORRIS C. COLONIAL EPIDEMIC DISEASES. Ciba Symposia 1, 372-78, 1940.

LINTON, RALPH (EDITOR). ACCULTURATION IN SEVEN INDIAN TRIBES. xnIII +526 p. New York, APPLETON-Century, 1940 ($4.00).

Acculturation is a term which defines the processes and the changes which occur, when groups of individuals of different cultures come into close and continuous contact,




with respect to the original culture patterns of any or all of the groups involved. In the present volume seven contributors report upon these processes and changes in seven Indian peoples studied by them, while the editor contributes three important essays, "Acculturation and the processes of culture change," "The processes of culture trans- fer," and "The distinctive aspects of acculturation." Dr. LINTON also contributes a discussion of each of the contributors' reports. The work is collectively an important contribution towards our understanding of the processes of cultural change. M.F.A.M.

PARDAL, RAMON. MEDICINA ABORIGEN AMERICANA. 377 p., 70 fig. Biblioteca del americanista moderno (Secci6n C, 3). Buenos Aires, ANESI (1937).

Reviewed by ALDO MIELI, Archeion 22, 113-15, 1940.

POOLE, SIDMAN P. A GEOGRAPHIC RECONNAISSANCE IN NORTHERN MAYALAND. Geo-

graphical Journal 95, 121-26, 1940.

ROUSE, IRVING. PREHISTORY IN HAITI. 202 p. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1940 ($2.50).

A highly original study in ethno-archaeologic method relating to the prehistory of Haiti, destined to exert a wide influence and to be designated as a landmark in the field which it covers. M.F.A.M.

STEWART, T. DALE; STRONG, WILLIAM DUNCAN. ANTHROPOMETRIC OBSERVA-

TIONS ON THE ESKIMOS AND INDIANS OF LABRADOR. Anthropological series, Field Mu- seum of Natural History, 31, 1-163, Chicago 1939 ($1.75).

This admirable study is based in part upon material and data collected by Dr. STRONG and upon the examination of representative skeletal material in various collections throughout the United States. The analysis and statistical reduction of the data is entirely the work of Dr. STEWART. In considering the evidence of the materials which he has subjected to analysis, Dr. STEWART has assumed the same commendably critical attitude as he has towards the work of other investigators on previous material of a similar kind. The result is a monograph which, in my opinion, places the physical anthropology of the Eskimos and Indians of Labrador upon a truly scientific basis for the first time in the history of that subject. M.F.A.M.

WAKEFIELD, E. G.; DELLINGER, SAMUEL C. DISEASES OF PREHISTORIC AMERI- CANS OF SOUTH CENTRAL UNITED STATES. Ciba Symposia 2, 453-62, 1940.

WOLFF, WERNER. DECHIFFREMENT DE L ECRITURE MAYA ET TRADUCTION DES

CODICES. Traduit du manuscrit allemand par EDGAR PEDRO BRUCK. 311 p., 96 ill., 12

pl. Paris, GEUTHNER, 1938.

The author, born in 1904, received his Ph.D. in Berlin, in 1932; most of his papers deal with psychological and ethnological problems. <<L'exploration ethnologique et psychologique de la pensee des peuples archaiques et des etudes comparatives me fournirent les elements d'une sorte de "pierre de Rosette," par le moyen de laquelle j'ai pu dechiffrer et expliquer les "textes sacres"> (p. 10). Both the methods used and the results obtained are interesting but unconvincing. The transcriptions, translations, and interpretations of the texts of the codices will not satisfy skeptical Mayologists. WERNER WOLFF has not found the key to the Maya scriptures, although he is convinced that the problem is solved. A.P.

WOODHOUSE, HENRY. COLONIAL MEDICAL PRACTICE. Ciba Symposia 1, 379-88, 1940.



New World and Africa 139

(b) OCEANIA

BECKWITH, MARTHA WARREN. HAWAIIAN MYTHOLOGY. X+575 p. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1940 ($5.00).

Miss BECKWITH has, in the present work, written what will hereafter be regarded as the standard work on Hawaiian mythology. The work not only gives a thorough account of Hawaiian mythology, but also traces the development of the narrative art transmit- ting that mythology among this nature-worshipping people. An important, fascinating, and scholarly work. M.F.A.M.

FIRTH, RAYMOND. THE WORK OF THE GODS IN TIKOPIA. Vol. 1, 188 p. London, HUM-

PHRIES, 1940 (7/6d).

Tikopia is a small island in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. There, more than a decade ago, Dr. FIRTH spent some time in the study of the ethnology of the Tikopia, a study which has already borne fruit in the form of several sizeable and altogether exemplary volumes. In the present volume, which is the first in the series of "Monographs on Social Anthropology" published from the London School of Econom- ics, Dr. FIRTH gives an account of the cycle of cultural activities known as the "Work of the Gods," and traces its ramifications through every phase of Tikopia culture. In a second volume the theoretical aspects of the subject will be discussed. M.F.A.M.

HAMBLY, WILFRID D. CRANIOMETRY OF NEW GUINEA. Anthropological series, Field Museum of Natural History 25, 83-290, Chicago, 1940 ($2.50).

A painstaking and valuable first-rate study of the New Guinea crania, now in the collections of the Field Museum of Chicago, by the Curator of African ethnology. The illustrations are most beautifully reproduced in photogravure. M.F.A.M.

(c) AFRICA (outside Egypt and Islam)

EVANS-PRITCHARD, E. E. THE NUER. XIII+271 p. New York, Oxford University Press, 1940. ($5.50).

The Nuer are a Nilotic people of some 200,000 souls who live in the swamps and open savannah upon both sides of the Nile south of its junction with the Sobat and Bahr el Ghazal in the British Sudan. In the present valuable volume Dr. EVANS-PRITCHARD gives an account of the manner in which the Nuer obtain a livelihood and of their political institutions. The Nuer are a reticent people, and Dr. EVANS-PRITCHARD la- boured among them under great difficulties, not the least of which were several bouts of illness. Anthropologists must be grateful to Dr. EVANS-PRITCHARD for his introductory chapter in which he set out some of the difficulties which he encountered in his attempts to get to know the Nuer. Those who are unacquainted with the kind of problems with which the field-anthropologist is almost always faced, will obtain some idea of their nature from that chapter. Perhaps the common notion that field work among a simple people is a kind of prolonged and glorious picnic will, as one consequence of it, suffer a change. The fact is that most simple peoples do not provide the visiting anthropologist with an open invitation, and when he thrusts himself upon them uninvited, particularly when they have just been attacked by forces of the same complexion as the anthropologist, his reception is likely to be about as hearty as that of a gate-crashing Communist at a late Cliveden tea-party! The Nuer definitely don't like whites. They often remarked to Dr. EVANS-PRITCHARD, "You raid us, yet you say we cannot raid the Dinka"; "You overcame us with firearms and we had only spears. If we had had firearms we would have routed you." Of course, they were quite right, and if they did not understand the reasons why the British Government saw fit to subjugate and control them, neither do we, and




certainly Dr. EVANS-PRITCHARD would have been hard put to it to explain it to them. After some time Dr. EVANS-PRITCHARD began to develop the symptoms, as he says, of an evident "Nuerosis," and after reading a specimen of one of his typical conversations with them one can readily sympathize. The result of the intractable behaviour of the Nuer was to force the investigator to rely almost entirely upon his own observations of Nuer institutions, and to work without an informant. Dr. EVANS-PRITCHARD is a little apologetic about the results of his several expeditions among the Nuer, but he exhibits an ambivalent attitude, he is also not ashamed. He need not be, for he has written a most valuable and important book, which is at once a fundamental contribution to the study of the development of primitive law, political institutions and the process of getting a living. The fact is that Dr. EVANS-PRITCHARD was particularly fortunate in going to work among a people of whom it can be said that they hardly possess such an institution as a government or law. A valuable feature of the present work is its discussion of the ecology of the Nuer, or rather of "Nuerland"; this is unusual in a work of this kind, and represents a departure from the older methods which, it is hoped, will be widely followed. The book is well illustrated and there is an index. A separate volume on the domestic life of the Nuer will appear in due course. M.F.A.M.

FORTES, M.; EVANS-PRITCHARD, E. E. (EDITORS). AFRICAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS. xxiii +301 p. New York, Oxford University Press, 1940 ($4.00).

This valuable volume represents the first attempt towards the development of a science of comparative politics to be published in the English language. The editors have secured the collaboration of six other field workers who here report their observations on the political organization of a variety of African tribes, both socially and spatially widely separated from one another. The eight tribes considered exhibit political behaviour which, interesting in itself, provides the anthropologist with the necessary material from which to induce his uniformities, and affords the European administrator of African peoples an insight into problems the existence of which he can hardly have surmised. M.F.A.M.

GRAY, J. M. A HISTORY OF THE GAMBIA. X+508 p. Cambridge University Press, 1940

($7.50). Mr. J. M. GRAY is a judge of the Supreme Court of Gambia, and he has written a

history of that African territory from the commencement of the European contacts in the 15th century to the present time which supersedes all previous histories devoted to the Gambia. The book is excellent, but Mr. GRAY might have saved himself an enormous amount of labour, and greatly increased the value of his own work, had he not failed to make himself acquainted with publication no. 409 of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, namely, ELIZABETH DONNAN'S indispensable Documents illustrative of the history of the slave trade to America, 4 vols., Washington, 1930-35. M.F.A.M.

GRIAULE, MARCEL. LE LIVRE DE RECETTES D'UN DABTARA ABYSSIN. 180 p. (Uni- versite de Paris, Travaux et memoires de l'Institut d'Ethnologie, 12). Paris, Institut d'Ethnologie, 1930.

Collection of Abyssinian recipes mostly written in Amharic, with quotations in Geez. The recipes are magical rather than medical, and many of them are not meant to cure diseases but to correct social or sexual difficulties. With indices of plants and diseases. G.S.

O'BRIEN, T. P. THE PREHISTORY OF UGANDA PROTECTORATE. XII+319 p. Cambridge University Press, 1939 ($7.00).



16. History of Science 141

The archaeology and prehistory of Africa is still a relatively virgin field of which the surface alone, in a few odd places, has been scratched. Africa is, of course, a large place. To Uganda in East Africa Mr. O'BRIEN recently led an expedition whose object was prehistoric research. The present volume presents the report of the results obtained. The whole of the Pleistocene period was covered, and numerous Stone Age cultures were discovered. These are described, and the relevant geological and physiographic problems arising out of the expedition's findings are discussed. There is a chapter on "The Pleisto- cene succession" by J. D. SOLOMON, and an "Appendix on the mammalian fossils" by A. TINDELL HoPWOOD. The whole subject of the prehistory of the Uganda is reviewed and brought up to date, and some important conclusions are reached. The volume is richly illustrated, and constitutes an important contribution to the general field of human prehistory. M.F.A.M.

PART III

SYSTEMATIC CLASSIFICATION

I. SCIENCE IN GENERAL

16. IIISTORY OF SCIENCE

BROWNE, C. A. THE ROLE OF REFUGEES IN THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN SCIENCE. Science

91, 203-08, 1940.

CASTALDI, LUIGI; TERGOLINA, UMBERTO. TRENT' ANNI DI VITA DELLA SOCIETA

ITALIANA DI STORIA DELLE SCIENZE MEDICHE E NATURALI (Ottobre 1907-Ottobre

1937). Cenni illustrativi e Indice delle pubblicazioni sociali. A cura dell'Ufficio Stampa Medica Italiana diretto dal Prof. P. PICCININI. 121 p. Siena, S. Bernardino, 1938.

HEINDEL, RICHARD H. THE AMERICAN IMPACT ON GREAT BRITAIN, 1898-1914.

Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1940.

For Anglo-American relations in science, see pp. 181, 215, 219, 224, 275, 276, 280, 282, 285 ff., 303, 380-96. R.H.H.

MIELI, ALDO. EL DESARROLLO HISTORICO DE LA HISTORIA DE LA CIENCIA Y LA FUNCION

ACTUAL DE LOS INSTITUTOS DE HISTORIA DE LA CIENCIA. Archeion 22, 1-41, 1940.

OSIRIS, VOL. 7, 616 p. Bruges, St. Catherine Press, 1939.

Reviewed by H. C. PLUMMER, Nature 146, 247-48, 1940.

REASON, H. A. THE ROAD TO MODERN SCIENCE. XIV +296 p. New York, APPLETON-

Century, 1940.

There has been a tendency in recent years to present science to the layman in a historical, rather than a systematic, outline. Miss REASON'S book falls into this category; it is an attempt to present the development of all the sciences from the period of the ancient Egyptians to modern times. But to compress the history of science into a small book requires a mastery of the subject of a more complete kind than is possessed by Miss REASON. Apart from the many errors of fact and understanding, the book is written in a pedestrian style. Although the book is well illustrated, many of the portraits are fictitious and, hence, of no value. Only an Englishwoman would write that today FRANKLIN is known best for his scientific achievements! I B.C.



142 17. Organization of Science

SARTON, GEORGE. THE PUBLICATION OF Isis. Science 92, 59-60, July 19, 1940.

SARTON, GEORGE. THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND THE PROBLEMS OF TO-DAY. III +30 p.

Washington, D. C., Carnegie Institution, 1936.

Reviewed by A. B., Organon 2, 277, 1938.

SARTON, GEORGE. THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE. VI +75 p. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1936.

Reviewed by RAYMOND CLARE ARCHIBALD, American Mathematical Monthly 46, 648-49, 1939.

TORY, H. M. (EDITOR). A HISTORY OF SCIENCE IN CANADA. VI+152 p. Toronto, Ryer- son Press, 1939 ($2.50).

Dr. TORY, the editor of the present interesting volume, was chairman of the History of Science Section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science when that body met at Ottawa in June 1938, where the nine papers comprising the present volume were originally read. The papers and their authors: The history of geology in Canada, F. D. ADAMS: The beginnings of chemistry in Canada, W. L. MILLER; Canada's contribution to the science of botany, F. MARIE-VICTORIN; Zoology in Canada, J. R. DYMOND; Canadian medicine and biology during the French regime, L. E. PAISEAU; Medical practice in Canada under the British regime, J. J. HEAGERTY; The history of astronomy in Canada, W. E. HARPER; An outline of the progress of mathematics in Canada, S. BEATTY; The advance of physics in Canada, A. NORMAN SHAW. There is a

charming introduction by the editor, but no index. The average length of the papers is four thousand words, and all of the essayists seem to have covered much ground in a little space, nonetheless their conception of history does not appear to have followed a common rule, and the majority of the essayists have devoted most of their space to a presentation of the present status of their science, or to an account of its recent development rather than of its early beginnings and subsequent history. The volume is therefore grossly mistitled. This is definitely not a history of Canadian science, but rather a volume of essays relating to the history of certain sciences in Canada. As such it makes most interesting reading and is heartily to be welcomed in its own right. There are nine illustrations, chiefly of buildings. The physical makeup of the book is excellent. M.F.A.M.

17. ORGANIZATION OF SCIENCE

(International organization is meant, see Isis 1, 195. For external organization, national or international, see section 55.)

ADAMS, CHARLES C. SELECTED REFERENCES ON THE RELATION OF SCIENCE TO MODERN LIFE. New York State Museum Bulletin 322, 79-96, 1940.

HELDANE, J. B. S. SCIENCE AND EVERYDAY LIFE. 284 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940

($2.00).

Seventy short, brilliant, delightful, entertaining, and informative essays on a variety of subjects by a great scientist with perhaps the most highly developed social conscience of our day. M.F.A.M.

HUXLEY, JULIAN SORELL. SCIENCE, WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION. Science 91, 151-58, 1940.

TAYLOR, LLOYD W. SCIENCE IN GENERAL EDUCATION AT THE COLLEGE LEVEL. Science

91, 560-65, 1940.



18. Philosophy of Science 143

18. PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

CAUDWELL, CHRISTOPHER. THE CRISIS IN PHYSICS. With an introduction by H. LEVY. XVI+2!45 p. London, LANE, 1939 (7/6).

This book was written by CHRISTOPHER ST. JOHN SPRIGG, who died at the age of 29 fighting for the Spanish Republic. While he lived, he published poetry under the pseudonym of Christopher Caudwell, and after his death, friends continued publishing his manuscripts under the same name. One of these deals with literary criticism, another with society, and this one with physics. The first six chapters of the book seem to have been completed, but the remaining six are published in the rough form of notes in which the author left them.

The author, a Marxist, expounds the view that a deep-seated social crisis involves in its turn a crisis in every branch of human endeavor, including science. For him the "crisis" in modern physics is merely a reflection of the "crisis" of "bourgeois society." Yet the book has in it some original ideas, but these will probably not be taken too seriously since the author, at the time of writing, was hardly well enough informed on the subject matter to make his points at all well. One is tempted to wish for the author's own sake that the book had never been published. Had he lived and had he been able to give more time and more mature reflection to the subject, his contribution might have been of value. At least, it would have omitted the many naivetes and absurdities. In its present form it stands more as a monument to frustrated youth and a youthful enthusiasm that was denied the opportunity to achieve maturity, than as a work to be reckoned with. I B.C.

CORRIGAN, JOSEPH MORAN. UNIVERSITY AND UNIVERSALITY. Rectorial oration, November 13, 1939. 33 p. Washington, D. C., Catholic University of America Press, 1940.

EDDINGTON, SIR ARTHUR. THE PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE. IX+230 p. (Tarner lectures, 1938). Cambridge University Press, 1939.

Excellent review by E. SCHRODINGER, Nature 145, 402-03, 1940.

EINSTEIN, ALBERT. CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE FUNDAMENTS OF THEORETICAL

PHYSICS. Science 91, 487-92, 1940.

Address before the Eighth American Scientific Congress, Washington, D. C., May 15, 1940.

GONSETH, F. GIBT ES EINE NEUE WISSENSCHAFTLICHE PHILOSOPHIE? Schweizerische

Hochschulzeitung H. 6, 344-60, 1940.

HALDANE, J. B. S. THE MARXIST PHILOSOPHY AND THE SCIENCES. 183 p. London, ALLEN

& UNWIN, 1938.

Reviewed by P. J., Science Progress, 34, 432, 1939.

HALL, MAURICE C. (1881-1938). SCIENTISTS SOMETIMES TELL THE TRUTH. Scientific Monthly 47, 152-60, 1938.

Honest and generous paper which is a kind of spiritual testament. An obituary of Dr. HALL, written by Dr. BENJAMIN SCHWARTZ, appeared in Science 87, 451-53, 1938. A resume of Dr. HALL'S work in the fields of zoology, parasitology and veterinary medicine was published in the Journal of Parasitology 24, 283-90, 1938. G.S.



144 18. Philosophy of Science

HOGBEN, LANCELOT. DANGEROUS THOUGHTS. 285 p. New York, NORTON, 1940.

($2.75). It is probable that LANCELOT HOGBEN will prove to be to the second half of the twen-

tieth century what T. H. HUXLEY was to the latter half of the nineteenth. No scientific humanist-and that is what HOGBEN proclaims himself to be-writing today wields so trenchant and so elegant a pen as he. No scientist is better informed upon, and few have so profound a knowledge of, so large a variety of the fundamental sciences than this young man who was born in 1895 and has already achieved so much. His is a rare mind, transparently honest and transparently clear, touching nothing that it does not present in a novel light. These features of his mental quality are well brought out in the fifteen brilliant papers which make up the present delightful and important volume. Most of these papers were originally delivered as lectures and several of them have previously appeared in print; an essay entitled "Federal Union," owing to the outbreak of hos- tilities in Europe and the institution of the censorship, had to be omitted in the page- proof stage. It is a great pity that some arrangement could not have been made to in- clude this essay in the present American edition of the book, for it would have been a most valuable experience to have had the benefit of HOGBEN'S views on such an important subject. The fare offered in Dangerous Thoughts is so full and so varied that it would hardly be possible to do it justice in a review, so that we must content ourselves here with the recommendation and the description of this book as one of the most powerful and most attractive contributions to scientific humanism which has ever been published.

It can, in conclusion, be safely said that this volume will not fail to exert a considerable influence upon whosoever gives himself the happy experience of reading it. M.F.A.M.

KALLEN, HORACE M. THE MEANINGS OF "UNITY" AMONG THE SCIENCES. Educational Administration and Supervision, 81-97, 1940.

KELLY, THOMAS RAYMOND. EXPLANATION AND REALITY IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF EMILE MEYERSON. XII+134 p. Princeton, N. J. Princeton University Press, 1937.

LEVY, HYMAN. THE UNIVERSE OF SCIENCE. XIII +242 p. Revised and expanded. (The Thinker's Library, 67). London, WATTS, 1938.

Reviewed by T. G., Nature 143, 224, 1939.

MALFITANO, G. LA NOTION DE MATI/ERE AU CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE SYNTHESE. Revue generale des sciences 51, 32-41, 1940.

PACOTTE, JULIEN. LE REfSEAU ARBORESCENT, SCHEME PRIMORDIAL DE LA PENSEE. 54 p. (Actualites scientifiques et industrielles, 429). Paris. HERMANN, 1936.

RANDALL, JOHN HERMAN, JR. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN THE

SCHOOL OF PADUA. Journal of the History of Ideas 1, 177-206, 1940.

WERKMEISTER, W. H. A PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE. XII +551 p. New York, HARPER, 1940

($4.00). This is an extraordinarily good book; a fact which one doesn't quite realise until one

is a good way through it. Intended primarily as a college text to provide nescient neophytes with a proper understanding of the nature of science and a theory of knowledge which can be uniformly applied to the evaluation of all scientific problems and principles, the book may be read with advantage by those who have left their metaphysical days



20. Mathematics 145

long behind them, whatever their field of science may be. Dr. WERKMEISTER has covered an enormously wide field, and most successfully brought together many branches of knowledge which are not commonly associated, the integration of which he ably performs by an empirical analysis which has as its universal parameter the experiencing individual. Actually what he does is to demonstrate that to understand any part of Nature one must understand the whole of it, but that since this can only be an ideal, the only practical approach to such an understanding is through a philosophy of scientific method, and though Dr. WERKMEISTER does not put his argument in quite these words, that is what his book seeks to achieve for the approacher. M.F.A.M.

II. FORMAL SCIENCES (Knowledge of forms)

19. LOGIC AND THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE

BLACK, M. RELATIONS BETWEEN LOGICAL POSITIVISM AND THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL OF

ANALYSIS. Journal of Unified Science (Erkenntnis) 8, 24-35, 1939 (received May 1940).

LANGER, SUSANNE K. AN INTRODUCTION TO SYMBOLIC LOGIC. 363 p. London, ALLEN

and UNWIN, 1937.

Reviewed by AMETHE VON ZEPPELIN, Nature 142, 413-15, 1938.

LEONARD, HENRY S.; GOODMAN, NELSON. THE CALCULUS OF INDIVIDUALS AND ITS USES. Journal of Symbolic Logic 5, 45-55, 1940.

PRANTL, CARL VON (1820-88). STORIA DELLA LOGICA IN OCCIDENTE. Eta medievale, parte prima. Del secolo VII al secolo XII. Versione italiana, condotta sopra la seconda edizione Tedesca da LUDovIco LIMENTANI. XX +469 p., 44 fig. Florence, La nuova Italia, 1937.

Reviewed by DINO BIGONGIARI, American Historical Review 44, 429, 1939.

20. MATHEMATICS

AMODEO, FEDERIGO. ORIGINE E SVILUPPO DELLA GEOMETRIA PROIETTIVA. 176 p. Naples, PELLERANO, 1939.

Reviewed by JosE BABINI, Archeion 22, 99-100, 1940.

ARCHIBALD, RAYMOND CLARE. THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL COMMITTEE ON MATHEMATICAL TABLES AND AIDS TO COMPUTATION. Science 92, 129-31, 1940.

BELL, ERIC TEMPLE. THE HANDMAIDEN OF THE SCIENCES. VIII+216 p. New York, REYNAL and HITCHCOCK, 1937.

Reviewed by LEO NEDELSKY, Scripta Mathematica 5, 195-98, 1938.

CASTELNUOVO, GUIDO. LE ORIGINI DEL CALCOLO INFINITESIMALE DELL ERA MODERNA. 166 p. (Per la storia e filos. d. mat. 12). Bologna, ZANICHELLI, 1938.

DINZE, O. V. MATHEMATICS IN THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 1728-

1935. A bibliography. Compiled by O. V. DINZE and K. I. SHAFRANOVSKI, edited by V. I. SMIRNOV, with a preface by A. N. KRYLOV. xx+315 p., 10 port. Leningrad, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1936. (In Russian and French). Unbound, 15 rbls.; cloth, 17 rbls.



146 20. Mathematics

An important feature of this valuable bibliography is its usefulness to people un- familiar with the Russian alphabet. All the Russian titles are also given in French translation; many titles are of course, in Latin, French or German, a few in English. There is a complete French translation of the preface and of the editorial introduction; the titles of the 11 sections of the subject index are translated into French; the index of authors is given twice, in the Russian and in a modified Latin alphabet. The bibliography consists of 2439 briefly annotated numbered titles, arranged by the year of publication; the years 1728-1900 account for 662 titles, the XIXth century for 723, the years 1901-17 for 104, and the years 1918-35 for 950 titles. EULER'S share is 473 memoirs. A.P.

ETTLINGER, H. J. SOME MATHEMATICAL ASPECTS OF MOTION AND CAUSALITY. Scripta Mathematica 6, 141-48, 4 fig., 1939.

GODEAUX, LUCIEN. LES GEOMETRIES. 215 p. (Collection Armand Colin, Section de

mathematiques, 206). Paris, COLIN, 1937.

HALCRO-JOHNSTON, J. THE REVERSE NOTATION. Introducing negative digits with twelve as base. x+74 p. Glasgow, BLACKIE, 1938.

Reviewed by F. G. W. B., Nature 142, 775, 1938.

KARPINSKI, LOUIS C. THE ORIGIN OF THE MATHEMATICS AS TAUGHT TO FRESHMEN.

Scripta Mathematica 6, 133-40, 3 fig., 1939.

MALENGREAU, JULIEN. ESSAI SUR LES FONDEMENTS DE LA GEOMETRIE EUCLIDIENNE.

311 p. Lausanne, PAYOT, 1938.


MILLER, G. A. FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF OPERATIONS IN MATIEMATICS. Science 91, 571-72, 1940.

PRATT, FLETCHER. SECRET AND URGENT: THE STORY OF CODES AND CIPHERS. In- dianapolis, BOBBS-MERRILL, 1939.

Reviewed by HOWARD H. PECKHAM, American Historical Review 45, 606-07, 1940.

SCRIPTA MATHEMATICA FORUM LECTURES. ADDRESSES BY CASSIUS JACKSON

KEYSER, DAVID, EUGENE SMITH, EDWARD KASNER, AND WALTER RAUTENSTRAUCH.

II +94 p. New York, Yeshiva College, 1937.

Reviewed by J. M. FELD, Scripta Mathematica 6, 43-46, 1939.

STEINHAUS, HUGO. MATIIEMATICAL SNAPSHOTS. 139 p. (Translated from Polish). New York, STECHERT, 1938.

Reviewed by TOMLINSON FORT, American Mathematical Monthly 46, 354, 1939.

ZACHARIAS, MAX. DAS PARALLELENPROBLEM UND SEINE LOSUNG. Eine Einfiihrung in die hyperbolische nichteuklidische Geometric. 44 p., 27 fig. (Mathematisch-physi- kalische Bibliothek, 92) Leipzig, TEUBNER, 1937.

Reviewed by R. M. WINGER, American Mathematical Monthly 45, 541, 1938.



23. Astronomy 147

21. STATISTICS

(History and methods. Tables and generalities. For the applications, refer to the sciences to which they are applied.)

FRECHET, MAURICE. THE DIVERSE DEFINITIONS OF PROBABILITY. Journal of Unified Science (Erkenntnis) 8, 7-23, 1939 (received May 1940).

GEIRINGER, HILDA. UBER DIE WAHRSCHEINLICHKEIT VON HYPOTHESEN. Journal of

Unified Science (Erkenntnis) 8, 151-76, 1939 (received May 1940).

PEARL, RAYMOND. INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL BIOMETRY AND STATISTICS. XVI +537 p. Philadelphia, SAUNDERS, 1940 ($7.00).

A completely revised, rewritten and enlarged edition of a standard work on elementary medical biometry and statistics which was first published in 1923, and went into a second edition in 1930. The present volume is undoubtedly the best general introduction to the subject in existence. It is easily readable, assumes no more than a high-school knowledge of elementary algebra and arithmetic, and provides every device that the medical analyst of raw data is likely to require. Each chapter is followed by a list of works suggested for further reading, and a large proportion of the items in these lists are annotated by Dr. PEARL. If the student reads through a reasonable number of these, after mastering the contents of each chapter of the present volume, he will soon discover himself the possessor of a really profound knowledge of statistical theory and methods. The volume contains many useful statistical tables, and a good index. M.F.A.M.

REICHENBACH, HANS. UBER DIE SEMANTISCHE UND DIE OBJEKT-AUFFASSUNG VON

WAHRSCHEINLICHKEITSAUSDRUCKEN. Journal of Unified Science (Erkenntnis) 8, 50-68, 1939 (received May 1940).

III. PHYSICAL SCIENCES (Knowledge of inorganic nature)

22. MECHANICS (Including celestial and atomical mechanics)

ESCLANGON, ERNEST. LA NOTION DE TEMPS: TEMPS PHYSIQUE ET RELATIVITE, LA

DYNAMIQUE DU POINT MATERIEL. IV+77 p. Paris, GAUTHIER-VILLARS, 1938.

Reviewed by A. v. Z., Nature 142, 595, 1938.

23. ASTRONOMY

HUMBERT, PIERRE. LA DECOUVERTE DE LA LUMIERE CENDREE DE VfENUS. Ciel et Terre 56, 41-43, 1940.

HUMBERT, PIERRE. ENCORE A PROPOS DE MIRA CETI. Ciel et Terre 56, 77-79, 1940.

Document trouve dans les archives de l'Observatoire de Paris et predisant les apparitions de Mira Ceti entre 1668 et 1762. J.P.

HUMBERT, PIERRE. CORRESPONDANCES ASTRONOMIQUES. Revue des questions scien-

tifiques 6, 62-65, 1939.

Sur des lettres inedites de FABRI DE PEIRESC et des lettres recemment publiees de MECHAIN. J.P.

JONES, HAROLD SPENCER. LIFE ON OTHER WORLDS. XIV+259 p., 17 pl. London, English Universities Press, 1940.

Reviewed by J. H. JEANS, Nature 146, 211-12, 1940.



148 24. Physics

KHAN, MOHD. A. R. THE ZODIACAL LIGHT. The Hyderabad Academy, Studies no. 1, 1-13, 1939.

Historical and theoretical account of zodiacal light and more briefly of the counter- glow. G.S.

THOMAS, H. L. U SCORPII AS A RECURRENT NOVA. Bulletin of the Harvard College Observa-

tory no. 912, 10-12, 2 fig., 1940.

ZINNER, ERNST. DIE ALTESTEN RADERUHREN UND MODERNEN SONNENUHREN. For-

schungen tiber den Ursprung der modernen Wissenschaft. 148 p., 96 figs. on 50 plates. 28. Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg, 1939.

Previous ZINNER writings on clocks and sundials have been listed in Isis XV, 297; XVI, 528; XIX, 436; XX, 580, 596; XXII, 342; XXIII, 584; XXV, 255; XXVII, 395; XXXI, 570. A detailed study of weight-driven clocks of the XIVth and XVth cent. and of the "modern" sundials (after A.D. 1431), with chronological tables, bibliography, index, and excellent illustrations. The material brought together by the author is more valuable than some of his conclusions; readers who do not look at the history of clocks and sundials from the pan-German point of view may use ZINNER'S data and arrive at more objective conclusions. A.P.

ZINNER, ERNST. TIROLER SONNENUHREN. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Alpenvereins, 132-

37, 1939.

24. PHYSICS

BAKER, BEVAN B.; COPSON, E. T. THE MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF HUYGENS' PRIN- CIPLE. VI 155 p. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1939. ($4.25)

This monograph is concerned with HUYGENS' principle in optics and its application to the theory and problems of diffraction. The main concern is with the solution of those partial differential equations which govern the propagation of light. The problems in diffraction are introduced as illustrative examples of a simpler kind than others.

The authors base their presentation of the principle itself on the major and minor premiss as presented in the great papers HADAMARD published on the difficulties inherent in the principle and means of obviating them. These appeared in Bull. de la soc. math. de France, 52, 241-78, 1924; Acta math., 49, 203-44, 1926; Journal de math., 8, 197-228, 1929. Any student of the history of optics should consult, too, HADAMARD'S paper, "Le

principe de HUYGENS," Bull. de la soc. math. de France, 52, 610-40, 1924. The present book requires no more mathematics than that of a first year graduate

student in mathematics or physics. It is an excellent introduction to both a study of the partial differential equations of mathematical physics and the study of the wave theory of light. I B.C

COHEN, I BERNARD. THE FIRST EXPLANATION OF INTERFERENCE. American Journal

of Physics (formerly The American Physics Teacher) 8, 99-106, 1940.

The principle of interference was unknown to HUYGENS, who denied periodicity to his waves of light precisely to avoid any form of interference. In the seventeenth century there was a knowledge of the interference of sound waves, and NEWTON worked out all of the details of interference theory in order to explain the tides at Batsha, Indo-China. "Thus we see that NEWTON worked out the theory of interference a hundred years before YOUNG, although the principle of interference does not apply to the instance that he used. He never thought of applying it to the phenomena of optics where it would have



25. Chemistry 149

been most useful. It had to be rediscovered and applied by YOUNG in order to account for the very phenomena that NEWTON had investigated and described in such detail but for which he could give no adequate explanation. With the rediscovery of this principle by YOUNG, the wave theory of light was reborn, and in the hands of FRESNEL, the principle permitted an explanation of polarization. Thus it became the chief weapon with which the nineteenth century was able to break the eighteenth-century reign of the corpuscular theory of light."

EINSTEIN, ALBERT; INFELD, LEOPOLD. LA FISICA AVENTURA DEL PENSAMIENTO. Traduccion del ingles por RAFAEL GRINFELD. 366 p., 83 fig. Buenos Aires, LOSADA, 1939.

Spanish translation of the English book (The evolution of physics, New York, 1938; Isis 30, 124-25, 1939).

HARRISON, GEORGE R. NEW METHODS IN SPECTROSCOPY. Science 91, 225-28, 1940.

Address on the occasion of the award of the Rumford Medals of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, October 11, 1939.

KING, H. C. EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE REFLECTING TELESCOPE. Refractionist 28, 340-

55, 1939.

SOLOMON, ARTHUR K. WHY SMASH ATOMS? Illustrated by KATHERINE R. CAMPBELL. xII +174 p. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1940. ($2.50)

This is a book for the layman who wants to understand not only why physicists smash atoms, but also how they go about doing it. It is written in a light breezy style, as its title suggests. But unfortunately the breeziness is confined to the language and not the exposition proper. The result is that the book is much too technical to be well digested by the non-physicist and too much in the deplorable style of one of our weekly news- magazines to be acceptable to the physicist. As the only book of its kind, however, it should have a wide appeal. The author asserts that FRANKLIN could experiment only with electricity gotten by rubbing a glass tube. This seems surprising since Harvard pos- sesses an electrostatic generator of machine type which was presented to Harvard by FRANKLIN himself and is prominently displayed in the Harvard Research Laboratory of Physics! To the credit of the Harvard University Press, the book is beautifully printed and the plates alone should recommend it to anyone interested in either fine photogra- phy or the wonders of the modern laboratory. I B.C.

TAYLOR, LLOYD W. PHYSICS IN THE LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE. American Physics Teacher 6, 315-17, 1938.

05. CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

FARBER, EDUARD. ARE THERE RULES IN THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHEM- ISTRY? Journal of Chemical Education 309-11, July 1940.

FRIEDMAN, HAROLD B. THE THEORY OF TYPES-A SATIRICAL SKETCH. Journal of Chemical Education 7, 633-36, 1930.

HAYNES, WILLIAMS. CHEMICAL PIONEERS; THE FOUNDERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY. The story of fifteen pioneers, from J. WINTHROP, JR. [1606-76] to H. H. Dow [1865-1930]. 288 p. New York, VAN NOSTRAND, 1939.



150 26. Technology

KENDALL, JAMES. YOUNG CHEMISTS AND GREAT DISCOVERIES. XVI +272 p., 93 pl. London, BELL, 1939.

Reviewed by JOHN READ, Nature 145, 123-24, 1940.

26. TECHNOLOGY

(For mining see 32. Geology; for Industrial chemistry, 25. Chemistry. See also Arts and Crafts under 45.)

(ARTHUR, JAMES). TIMEPIECES OF THE JAMES ARTHUR COLLECTION AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY. Science 91, 284, 1940.

CESCINSKY, HERBERT. THE OLD ENGLISH MASTER CLOCKMAKERS AND THEIR CLOCKS, 1670-1820. 182+xII p., 277 ills. London, ROUTLEDGE, 1938.

DAVIES, A.; ROBINSON, H. THE EVOLUTION OF THE SHIP IN RELATION TO ITS GEO-

GRAPHICAL BACKGROUND. Geography 24, 95-109, 1939.

JACKSON, DUGALD C. MAN IN AN ENGINEERING WORLD. Journal of the Franklin Institute 230, 17 p., 1940.

JENKINS, RHYS. INDUSTRIES OF SUFFOLK: A IIISTORICAL SKETCH. Transactions of the Newcomen Society 19 (1938-39), 173-84, 1940.

LARCHER, JORGE DAS NEVES. ARMARIA PORTUGUESA. Descricao de algunas armas e engenhos. Petrus Nonius 3, 52-58, 6 fig., 1940.

MATSCHOSS, CONRAD. GREAT ENGINEERS. Translated by H. STAFFORD HATFIELD. XI +381 p. London, BELL, 1939.


NOBLE, HENRY JEFFERS. HISTORY OF THE CAST IRON PRESSURE PIPE INDUSTRY IN

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 98 p., pl., fig. Newcomen Society, American Branch, 1940.

OBOUKHOFF, NICHOLAS M. ENGINEERING AS ACTION AND SCIENCE. Abstract of the

paper, "Empirico-logical and axio-teleological factors in engineering," presented before the Fifth International Congress for the Unity of Science, held at Harvard University, September 3-9, 1939. Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College, Division of Engineering, publication no. 41, 9 p., 1939.

TOY, SIDNEY, CASTLES. A short history of fortifications from 1600 B.C. to A.D. 1600. XIV+241 p., pi. London, IIEINEMANN, 1939.

WAILES, REX. TIDE MILLS IN ENGLAND AND WALES. Transactions of the Newcomen

Society 19, (1938-39), 1-33, 12 fig., 1940.

WHIPPLE, ROBERT S. INSTRUMENTS IN SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. Advancement of Sci- ence 1, 175-90, 1940.

General historical outline of progress in instrument making. C.W.A.



27. Biology 151

VI. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (Knowledge of organic nature)

27. BIOLOGY (Generalities, "Natural history")

BAITSELL, GEORGE A. HUMAN BIOLOGY. XV +621 p. New York, MCGRAW-HILL, 1940

($3.75). This is the most intelligently conceived and most excellently executed text for the

reader or student who does not propose to become a professional biologist with which I am acquainted. A very large proportion of the college neophytes who take the course in general biology are fundamentally interested in the biology of man-not of the frog. Professor BAITSELL has realized this and he has had the courage to attack the difficult and pioneering problem of writing an elementary biology in which man serves as the piece de resistance, while the knowledge of the remainder of the animal kingdom is supplied in relation to, and as illuminating, the constitution of man. The illustrations are simple and clear; the appendices most interesting and helpfully explanatory, and there is a good index. This text cannot be too highly recommended. M.F.A.M.

DAVIS, DONALD W. BIOLOGY AT WILLIAM AND MARY. Alumni Gazette (The College of William and Mary in Virginia) 7, 6-7, 27-32, 1940.

GOLDSCHMIDT, RICHARD. THE MATERIAL BASIS OF EVOLUTION. XI +436 p. New

Haven, Yale University Press, 1940 ($5.00). The Silliman Lectures delivered at Yale University in 1939. In this extremely stimu-

lating and original work one of the world's most original workers in the field of genetics, Professor RICHARD GOLDSCHMIDT, discusses the genetic processes involved in micro- and macro-evolution. His arguments are set out, and supported, with a wealth of material, and whether his arguments eventually prove to be right or wrong, his volume is bound to exert a most stimulating effect upon those in any way concerned with the problems of animal development and evolution. The book is excellently and effectively illustrated, and most attractively written. Those who are acquainted with Prof. GOLD- SCHMIDT'S writings in German will not be surprised to learn that he has carried the charm of his native language style over into that of his adopted country. There is a good bibliography and an index. M.F.A.M.

HOGBEN, LANCELOT. PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY. 415 p. New York, NORTON, 1940 ($3.75).

This admirable volume is a completely revised and rewritten edition of a volume first published in 1930. The illustrations are by HORRABIN, and are brilliantly clear, while the text could hardly be better. Principles of Animal Biology is one of the best general introductions to animal biology available. M.F.A.M.

HORWOOD, MURRAY P. BIOLOGY AND HUMAN AFFAIRS. Scientific Monthly 51, 49-56, 1940.

HUXLEY, JULIAN (EDITOR). THE NEW SYSTEMATICS. VIII+583 p. New York, Oxford

University Press, 1940 ($6.00). This fundamental book consists of a series of chapters by twenty-two biologists on

the relations between systematics and general biology; it is a work of the first importance, the character of which can be conveyed by reproducing the list of contributors and the titles of their contributions. Introductory: Towards the new systematics, JULIAN HUXLEY. Experimental and synthetic plant taxonomy, W. B. TURRILL. Muta- tions and geographical variation, N. TIMOFEEFF-RESSOVSKY. The statistical conse-

quences of Mendelian heredity in relation to speciation, SEWALL WRIGHT. Taxonomic



159 27. Biology

species and genetic systems; Bearings of the "Drosophila" work on systematics, H. J. MULLER. Problems of the origin of species, LANCELOT HOGBEN. Geographical differentiation in fresh waters with special reference to fish, E. B. WORTHINGTON. The problem of closely related species living in the same area, C. DIVER. Ecological aspects of plant taxonomy, E. J. SALISBURY. Ecology and the future of systematics, W. H. THORPE. Embryology and taxonomy, G. R. DE BEER. Palaeontology and the taxonomic problem, W. J. ARKELL and J. A. MOY-THOMAS. Taxonomic problems in fungi, J. RAMSBOT- TOM. Taxonomic botany, with special reference to the angiosperms, T. A. SPRAGUE. A museum zoologist's view of taxonomy, W. T. CALMAN. Taxonomy and philosophy, J. S. L. GILMOUR. Entomological systematics examined as a practical problem, J. SMART. Polymorphism and taxonomy, E. B. FORD. Natural hybridization in relation to taxonomy, H. H. ALLAN. The origin and behaviour of cultivated plants, M. B. CRANE. The new systematics of cultivated plants, N. I. VAVILOV. There is an index of names and of subjects, and each contribution is accompanied by its own special bibliography. M.F.A.M.

LUCK, JAMES M.; SMITH, J. H. C. (EDITORS). ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY, vol. IX. x+744 p. Stanford University, Calif., Annual Reviews, 1940 ($5.00).

The subjects covered in this volume are "Biological oxidations and reductions" by K. G. STERN; "Proteolytic enzymes" by A. K. BALLS; "Chemistry of the carbohydrates and glycosides" by H. S. ISBELL; "The chemistry of the acyclic constituents of natural fats and oils" by J. A. B. SMITH; "The chemistry of the lipins" by E. KIRK; "The chemistry of the sterols" by I. M. HEILBRON and E. R. H. JONES; "Chemistry of amino acids and proteins" by D. I. HITCHCOCK; "The chemistry and metabolism of the compounds of sulfur" by G. TOENNIES; "Fat metabolism" by H. J. CHANNON; "Carbohydrate metabolism" by W. H. CHAMBERS and S. B. BARKER; "The metabolism of proteins and amino acids" by H. B. LEWIS and R. L. GARNER; "Clinical applications of biochemistry" by V. C. MYERS and E. MUNTWYLER; "Hormones" by F. C. KOCH; "Fat-soluble vitamins" by H. DAM; "The water-soluble vitamins" by S. LEPKOVSKY; "The biochemistry of malignant tissue" by E. C. DODDS and F. DICKENS; "Plant pigments" by G. MACKINNEY; "Aspects of inorganic metabolism in plants" by C. B. LIPMAN; "Soil microbiology" by S. A. WAKSMAN; "Organic acids of plants" by H. B. VICKERY and G. W. PUCHER; "The biochemistry of viruses" by W. M. STANLEY; "Biochemistry of the lower fungi" by H. RAISTRICK; "The application of microchemistry to biochemical analysis" by P. L. KIRK; "Insect biochemistry" by R. CRAIG and W. M. HOSKINS; "Application of radioactive indicators in biology" by G. HEVESY; and "Nonproteolytic enzymes" by H. THEORELL. C.A.K.

WHEELER, LEONARD RICHMOND. VITALISM: ITS HISTORY AND VALIDITY. XII +-275 p. London, WITHERBY, 1939.


SNYDER, EMILY EVELETH. BIOLOGY IN THE MAKING. XII +539 p. New York, Mc- GRAW-HILL, 1940 ($2.80).

"The purpose of this book is to trace the development of biological discoveries, not as so many facts, but as the product of real men whose lives for one reason or another made them outstanding in their fields." Thus writes the author, and she has succeeded brilliantly in her task. The book is abundantly illustrated, and charmingly written, and the serious student, as well as the general reader for whom the book is primarily intended, will find it both informative and delightful reading. It is really among the best of the first-rate books of its kind. M.F.A.M.



28. Botany 153

WADDINGTON, C. H. ORGANISERS AND GENES. x +160 p. Cambridge University Press, 1940 ($5.00).

This new volume in the Cambridge Biological Series is by the editor of that series, Dr. C. H. WADDINGTON, and it is a work of the first importance for those who seek to arrive at some understanding of the relations between theoretical and practical biology. It has very recently come to be suspected that there is a very significant relationship between genes and organisers, and in the study of causal development there have been brought to light, within the last three years, a number of revealing facts that tend to show that this relationship is a very close one. In the present volume Dr. WADDINGTON discusses the evidence, points out the direction in which new researches must proceed, and brings some harmony into a field where inseparably related data have, for methodo- logical reasons, been thus far kept separated. M.F.A.M.

WOODRUFF, LORANDE LOSS. MICROSCOPY BEFORE THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

American Naturalist 73, 485-516, 1939.

WOODRUFF, LORANDE LOSS. SOME PIONEERS IN MICROSCOPY, WITH SPECIAL REFER- ENCE TO PROTOZOOLOGY. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences 1, 74-77, 1939.

WOODRUFF, LORANDE LOSS. PHILOSOPHERS IN LITTLE THINGS. University of Okla- homa Bulletin, Biology issue no. 739, 15 p., 1938.

28. BOTANY

(Agronomy, Phytopathology, Palaeobotany)

BROWN, H. B. COTTON: HISTORY, SPECIES, VARIETIES, MORPHOLOGY, BREEDING, CUL-

TURE, DISEASES, MARKETING AND USES. Second edition. xv +599 p. New York, Mc-

GRAW-HILL, 1938.

Reviewed by H. A. HANCOCK, Science Progress, 34, 407-08, 1939.

CAMPBELL, DOUGLAS HOUGHTON. THE EVOLUTION OF THE LAND PLANTS (EM- BRYOPHYTA). x+731 p., 351 fig. Stanford University Press, 1940 ($6.50).

"The evolution and classification of the higher plants has received the attention of many botanists and consequently many systems of classification have been proposed, but these are by no means always in accord. Dr. CAMPBELL, Emeritus Professor of Botany, Stanford University, has summarized the results of these many investigations and suggested what conclusions could be reached as to the inter-relations of the more

important groups of the 'embryophytes' and their classifications. His study should direct attention to the much-needed revision of the classification now in use."

CARTER, W. L. ROSES IN ANTIQUITY. Antiquity 14, 250-56, 4 pl., 1940.

CLAUSEN, JENS; KECK, DAVID D.; HIESEY, WILLIAM M. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE NATURE OF SPECIES. VII +452 p. Washington, Carnegie Institution, Publication no. 520, 1940 ($3.50).

Many years ago NXGELI carried out some experiments with alpine plants. He transplanted the mountain variety of certain plants in the valleys, and transplanted those from the valleys in the mountains. The results were very remarkable: the transplants of the valleys now looked like a totally different species, and the same held good for the mountain varieties. When replanted in their former habitats the plants resumed the characters normal to the species in that habitat. The present volume is a report of



154 28. Botany

precisely similar experiments carried out in the United States; the authors, however, seem to be quite unaware of NXGELI'S original experiments, although they are aware of the later work of KERNER and BONNIER. But all this is of no great moment, for their own contribution to the subject of the effect of varied environments on western and north American plants, constitutes the most important work of its kind which has yet been published. No biologist, and no sociologist concerned with the heredity-environ- ment equation, can afford to neglect a careful study of this fundamental work, for its bearing upon the whole species problem is of the first importance. For the benefit of completing the record I may here give the reference to CARL VON NXGELI'S classical work: it is Mechanisch-physiologische Theorie der Abstammungslehre. Munich & Leipzig, 1884. M.F.A.M

DUNTHORNE, GORDON. FLOWER AND FRUIT PRINTS OF THE 18TH AND EARLY 19TH

CENTURIES. Their history, makers and uses with a Catalogue raisonne of the works in which they are found. Folio 9271 p. with many illustrations. Printed by the author. Washington, D. C., 1938.

This is a splendid volume, beautifully printed and admirably illustrated. Many of the plates are colored. G.S.

GLIDDEN, HAROLD W. SOME SUPPLEMENTARY ARABIC LITERATURE ON THE LEMON. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 60, 97-99, 1940.

GOLDSMITH, MARGARET. THE TRAIL OF OPIUM, THE ELEVENTH PLAGUE. "286 p. London, HALE, 1939.

MOULE, A. C. THE NAME Ginkgo biloba AND OTHER NAMES OF THE TREE. T'oung Pao 33, 193-219, 3 pl., 1937.

SMITH, KENNETH M. THE VIRUS. VIII+176 p. Cambridge, University Press, 1940

($2.00). This most attractively written little volume cannot be too highly praised, for it pro-

vides the non-specialist reader with as sound and as complete an account of the nature of the virus, its mode of action and its effects, as he could possibly obtain. Dr. SMITH is one of our leading authorities on the virus, and his book is, I believe, the first popular work on that subject to have been published. There is a brief historical introduction, and there are several excellent photomicrographs of viruses, and a number of good photographs illustrating the action of these upon plants. The book is enormously informative, and makes far better reading than the best detective-picaresque-adventure stories rolled into one. Furthermore, it is a book which every educated person should be required to read for a number of reasons, the most important of which is the future well- being of mankind. M.F.A.M.

VEENDORP, H.; BAAS BECKING, L. G. M. 1587-1937 Hortus Academicus Lugduno Batavus, THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GARDENS OF LEYDEN UNIVERSITY. 218 p. Haarlem, Typgraphia Enschedaiana, 1938.


WALTON, ROBERT PETRIE. MARIHUANA, AMERICA'S NEW DRUG PROBLEM. A socio- logic question with its basic explanation dependent on biologic and medical principles. Foreword by E. M. K. GEILING and a chapter by FRANK R. GOMILA and M. C. GOMILA

LAMBOU. IX + 223 pl., 12 pl. Philadelphia, LIPPINCOTT, 1938.

Reviewed by A. R. TODD, Nature 144, 611-12, 1939.



29. Zoology 155

29. ZOOLOGY

ANKER, JEAN. BIRD BOOKS AND BIRD ART. An outline of the literary history and

iconography of descriptive ornithology. Based principally on the collection of books containing plates with figures of birds and their eggs now in the University Library at Copenhagen and including a catalogue of these works. Issued by the University Library Copenhagen to commemorate the inauguration of the new building of the library. xIx +251 p., 12 pl. Copenhagen, LEVIN & MUNKSGAARD, 1938.

A rich catalogue containing elaborate descriptions of 548 illustrated books on birds; this is followed by a bibliography of bibliographies, and a list of books relative to the history of art and ornithology. The "outline of the history and iconography of ornithology" covers 169 columns, 12 plates. See our previous reviews of MAURICE BOUBIER (Paris 1925, Isis 8, 515-17) and JOHN TODD ZIMMER (Chicago 1926, Isis 10, 94-95). G.S.

COTT, HUGH B. ADAPTIVE COLORATION IN ANIMALS. XXXII +508 p. New York, Oxford

University Press, 1940 ($8.50). This brilliant book proves once and for all time that adaptive coloration in the animal

world does enable animals to survive who would otherwise not do so. That is the principal function which it performs. It is an important contribution to have demonstrated the truth of what has hitherto been but a well-substantiated theory, a theory which has been much attacked especially within recent years. Following DARWIN'S own method Dr. COTT brings forward such an overwhelming amount of evidence in favour of the functional significance of adaptive coloration, that no one will hereafter have any doubt as to the conclusions to be drawn. As Dr. JULIAN HUXLEY says in his Introduc- tion, "It is very gratifying to see that one of the great traditions of British biology-the tradition of scientific natural history, in which the comparative treatment of patiently accumulated data is made to yield generalizations of first-class importance-is being worthily upheld." Not only has Dr. COTT given us the best and most critical examination of the evidence relating to the adaptive coloration of animals, but he has also classified and systematized the evidence in such a way as to render a once rather intricate subject now readily comprehensible. The line drawings and photographs, nearly all of which are from the expert hand of Dr. COTT, are extremely good, and there is an almost complete bibliography of 685 titles, and good indices.

In the relevant places in the book Dr. COTT very interestingly and most cogently points out the fundamental similarity of the adaptive coloration devices of animals to those which man has for very similar reasons been driven to invent. At the present time Dr. COTT is busy applying his knowledge of the principles of protective coloration to the defenses of England. Having written what will always remain a fundamental work on the subject with which it deals, let us hope that his present work will so far contribute towards the final victory of his country that Dr. COTT will soon be back at his old studies again. M.F.A.M.

DE BEER, G. R. EMBRYOS AND ANCESTORS. X+105 p. New York, Oxford University Press, 1940 ($2.50).

This is a completely revised edition of the author's "Embryology and Evolution" (Oxford 1930). Essentially the work represents an authoritative critical examination of what at present passes for HAECKEL'S "Biogenetic Law," or the Law of Recapitulation, which states that in individual development the developing organism repeats the adult stages of development of its distant ancestors. No sound biologist any longer accepts this notion, which is no more than an over-enthusiastic perversion of VON BAER'S Hypothesis of Recapitulation. Recapitulation there is, but it is not of adult ancestral stages; infant, foetal, embryonic and larval stages are recapitulated much more fre-



156 32. Geology

quently than is any adult stage of an ancestor. All these facts Dr. DE BEER makes clear in a most interesting and stimulating volume. In his chapter on Repetition his discussion of atavism is not all that it might have been. This is a concept which he seems to accept, in spite of the reviewer's demonstration that it is meaningless (See "The Concept of Atavism," Science 87, 462-63, 1938). Structures resulting from changes in developmental rate cannot, upon any view, be regarded as atavistic. One wonders whether author's reprints really do serve any useful purpose, for the reviewer sent Dr. DE BEER copy of his paper on the concept of atavism, but for the good that it did it might never have been printed; as it is, while helping to destroy one false theory Dr. DE BEER serves to maintain another. His book is nonetheless good for all that. M.F.A.M.

HARPER, FRANCIS. SOME WORKS OF BARTRAM, DAUDIN, LATREILLE, AND SONNINI, AND THEIR BEARING UPON NORTH AMERICAN HERPETOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE. Ameri- can Midland Naturalist 23, 692-723, 1940.

LEWIS, ERNEST, PSEUD. (ERNEST BLAKEMAN VESEY, 1907-1937). IN SEARCH OF THE GYR-FALCON: AN ACCOUNT OF A TRIP TO NORTH-WEST ICELAND. With a memoir of the author. XXIII +235 p., 24 pl. London, CONSTABLE, 1938.

Reviewed by SETON GORDON, Nature 142, 1141, 1938.

RUSSELL, WILLIAM F., JR. FALCONRY, A HANDBOOK FOR HUNTERS. x+180 p., 12 fig., 7 ill. New York, SCRIBNER'S 1940.

SCOTT, PETER. WILD CHORUS. Written and illustrated by PETER SCOTT. X +120 p., 68 pi. London, Country Life, 1939.

Reviewed by JAMES RITCHIE, Nature 145, 135, 1940.

V. SCIENCES OF THE EARTH (Implying knowledge of both organic and inorganic nature)

31. GEOGRAPHY AND OCEANOGRAPHY

DE PINA, LUIZ: Os PORTUGUESES E O CONHECIMENTO CIENTIFICO DA ETI6PIA (SECULOS XVI E XVII). Anais da Faculdade de Ciencias do Porto 23, 1938.


EYDOUX, HENRI PAUL. L'EXPLORATION DU SAHARA. 242 p. Paris, GALLIMARD, 1938.

Reviewed by W. FITZGERALD, Geographical Journal 94, 247-48, 1939.

FERREIRA, ERNESTO. ESTUDOS FILOSOFICOS NOS AC6RES. Esb6oo historico. Petrus Nonius 2, 253-66, 1940.

32. GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, PALAEONTOLOGY, MINING

(For palaeobotany, palaeozoology and palaeoanthropology, see respectively 28. Botany, 29. Zoology and 39. Prehistory.)

DAVISON, CHARLES. STUDIES ON THE PERIODICITY OF EARTHQUAKES. IX+107 p. London, MURBY, 1938.

Reviewed by S. C., Nature 142, 689, 1938.

PAZZINI, ALBERTO. LE PIETRE PREZIOSE NELLA STORIA DELLA MEDICINA E NELLA

LEGGENDA. 355 p. Roma, Casa Editrice Mediterranea, 1939.



33. Meteorology 157

READ, H. H. METAMORPHISM AND IGNEOUS ACTION. Advancement of Science 1, 223-51, 1940.

Historical discussion of concept of metamorphism. C.W.A.

SAGUI, CORNELIO L. LES MINES ANCIENNES DU LIMOUSIN (REGION DE SAINT-YRIEIX). Bulletin de la Societe archeologique et historique du Limousin, vol. 78, 28 p., Limoges, 1940.

"Ce sont les gites auriferes qui ont ete specialement exploites dans le Limousin et cela depuis la plus haute antiquite, en sorte que nous ne decouvrons aujourd'hui, de cette epoque lointaine et de cette industrie, que des restes imposants, il est vrai, mais assez mal connus. Ce sont des fosses, souvent tres vastes, oiu on a parfois decouvert, dans les deblais, quelques outils en pierre polie ou en fer. Bien que ces vieux chantiers, a demi effaces par les siecles, soient environ deux mille dans la region que j'ai etudiee, ils ne paraissent pouvoir reveler rien de sensationnel aux archeologues. Cependant, les nombreux travaux miniers modernes faits dans le but de reprendre les explorations auriferes des anciens m'ont permis de faire un certain nombre d'observations que je condense dans ce memoire."

SELGA, MIGUEL (S. J.). APUNTES HISTORICOS SOBRE TEMBLORES DE FILIPINAS. Archeion

22, 71-85, 1940.

SMIRNOVA, O. K. (ET ALII). GEOLOGY IN THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Part I: 1728-1928. Compiled by O. K. SMIRNOVA, E. P. FAIDEL, and K. I.

SHAFRANOVSKI; edited by J. S. EDELSTEIN. XV+471 p., 16 port. Leningrad, USSR

Academy of Sciences, 1938 (in Russian). Cloth, 25 rbls.

The Library of the USSR Academy of Sciences has undertaken the publication of an extensive bibliographical work, The Geological Literature of the USSR; volume I is devoted to the publications of the Academy and consists of two parts; the succeeding volumes will deal with the publications of other institutions, societies, etc. A preface by the editor, and introductory remarks by the compilers explain the plan of the work. The bibliography covers, in Part 1, 3607 titles of memoirs, reports, notes, etc., arranged by the year of publication-and alphabetically within each year. The swelling stream of publications may be shown by the following tabulation:

1728-1800 ... 206 titles 1801-1900... 1289 " 1901-1917... 654 " 1918-1928... 1458 "

There is a subject index subdivided into 13 sections, a geographical index, an index of persons, and an index of institutions and organizations. A.P.

WEIERSHAUSEN, P. VORGESCHICHTLICHE EISENHUTTEN DEUTSCHLANDS. X+235 p., 70 fig. (Mannus-Bticherei, 65). Leipzig, KABITZSCH, 1939.

Reviewed by ZAUNICK, Mitt. z. Gesch. d. Med. 38, 322-23, 1939.

WESTGATE, LEWIS G. ERRORS IN SCIENTIFIC METHOD-GLACIAL GEOLOGY. Scientific

Monthly 51, 299-309, 1940.

33. METEOROLOGY, CLIMATOLOGY, AND TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS

DUFOUR, LOUIS. QUELQUES DICTONS METFOROLOGIQUES. Folklore Brabangon 19, 3 p., (no date, received May 1940).

DUFOUR, LOUIS. L'OPTIQUE ATMOSPHERIQUE PAR LES DICTONS. Ciel et Terre, 15 p., 1937.



158 34. Anatomy

PUGSLEY, ALFRED J. DEWPONDS IN FABLE AND FACT. A collection and criticism of

existing knowledge on these curiosities. x +62 p., 10 illus. London, Country Life, 1939 (3/6 s.).

Clear history and discussion of the "dewpond" delusion, so well fostered in recent years by A. J. and G. HUBBARD: Neolithic dewponds and cattleways (1904, reprinted 1907, and again 1916). Dewponds are simply well-made rain catches with waterproof bottoms and good collecting margins. In conclusion, the author "thinks the 'dew' pond idea is one of the biggest pseudo-scientific swindles that has ever been foisted on un- thinking readers of popular periodicals by writers who have not troubled to examine the facts themselves but have copied other folk's fables." G.S.

HEY, MAX H. SECOND APPENDIX TO THE CATALOGUE OF METEORITES WITH SPECIAL REF- ERENCE TO THOSE REPRESENTED IN THE COLLECTION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL

HISTORY). 136 p. London, British Museum 1940. (5s.)

PRIOR, GEORGE THURLAND. CATALOGUE OF METEORITES. With special reference to

those represented in the collection of the British Museum (Natural history). 196 p., 1923 (10 s.). Appendix, 48 p., London, British Museum, 1927 (2 s.).

VI. ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SCIENCES

(Knowledge of man, past and present)

34. ANATOMY

AREY, LESLIE BRAINERD. DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY. A textbook and laboratory manual of embryology. Fourth edition, revised. x+ 612 p., 590 ill. Philadelphia, SAUNDERS, 1940.

"It has been a policy not to bring out revisions of this text until something could be offered beyond what might be effected through minor improvements. Thus, the second and third editions appeared at intervals of six and four years, respectively, and each represented thorough tasks of rewriting, rather than selective revision. In those two editions 616 new drawings were introduced. Now, after another six-year interval, the fourth edition is offered as essentially a new book. This has required more than two years of concentrated effort, and the replanning and rewriting have been so drastic that only fragments, at most, of previously existing pages have been salvaged and re-utilized. The extensiveness and intensiveness of the revision involve equally the text proper and the laboratory manual. Among the new features are 540 drawings, which raise the present total to 1385. In addition, nearly 200 of the earlier illustrations have been altered and improved in various ways. Seven new summarizing tables supplement those already present. The laboratory section has been strengthened both in text and in illustration for the better study of the chick and 10 mm. pig embryos, whereas most of the material on the 6 mm. pig, apparently little used, has been dropped. New standards of age have been adopted for human embryos of the first five weeks; these are in accordance with the precise information on the monkey made available by the Carnegie Laboratory of Embryology. Such time-standards are more reliable than any other information yet at hand, since the purely human data are highly contradictory and confusing." The only criticism which I venture to make is that a book of this size and importance should contain a larger historical introduction than the one given on p. 3-4. Let us hope that this will be fulfilled in the fifth edition. G.S.

GUTIfRREZ, AVELINO. LA ANATOMIA, COMO MODELO PRACTICO PARA LA ENSENANZA

DE LAS DEMAS CIENCIAS MEDICAS. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Publicaciones de la cdtedra de historia de la medicina 3, 341-62, 1940.



35. Physical Anthropology 159

KELLER, R. HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS OF HERMAPHRODITISM, p. 466-70; The

problem of sexual differentiation and hermaphroditism, p. 471-77; Hermaphroditism in the animal kingdom, p. 478-85; Experimental sex determination, p. 486-90, Ciba symposia, vol. 2, 1940.

THOMSON, STEWART C. MUSINGS ON THE BILIARY TRACT. American Journal of Sur- gery 47, 687-90, 1940.

35. PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

(Anthropometry and races of man)

GASKIN, L. J. P. ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL LIBRARIES. Library Association Record, 7 p., July 1934.

HOOTON, EARNEST ALBERT. TWILIGHT OF MAN. XII+308 p., ill. New York, PUT- NAM, 1939.

Reviewed by M. F. ASHLEY MONTAGU, American Anthropologist 42, 341-44, 1940.

HOOTON, EARNEST ALBERT. APES, MEN AND MORONS. VIII +307 p. New York, PUTNAM, 1937.

LOWIE, ROBERT H. AN INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY. xx+584 p. New York, FARRAR & RINEHART, 1940 ($3.50).

The second edition, revised, rewritten and augmented, of what is probably the best general elementary introduction to cultural anthropology in the English language. M.F.A.M.

MONTAGU, M. F. ASHLEY. A CURSORY EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONS BETWEEN

PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 26, 41-61, 1940.

(SWANTON, JOHN R.) ESSAYS IN HISTORICAL ANTHROPOLOGY IN HONOR OF JOHN R.

SWANTON. VI+600 p. Washington, D. C., Smithsonian Institution, 1940.

JOHN R. SWANTON came to the Smithsonian Institution as an assistant ethnologist in the year 1900, and the present volume is published in honor of his forty years of association with that Institution by present and former colleagues who have been associated with him there. His fundamental work in North American anthropology is known to all American anthropologists, and is ably evaluated in the first article, The work of John R. Swanton by A. L. KROEBER. In an Introduction by JULIAN H. STEWARD the purposes of the volume are set out and linked to the work of Dr. SWANTON. The succeeding papers all represent first-rate contributions to historical anthropology; they are: Some historical implications of physical anthropology in North America, by T. D. STEWART. Developments in the Problem of the North American Paleo-Indian, by FRANK H. H. ROBERTS, Jr. The Historic Method as applied to Southeastern archeology, by W. M. STIRLING. Virginia before Jamestown, by DAVID I. BUSHNELL, Jr. Problems arising from the historic Northeastern position of the Iroquois, by WILLIAM N. FENTON. Archeological perspectives in the Northern Mississippi Valley, by FRANK M. SETZLER. Culture sequences in the Central Great Plains, by WALDO R. WEDEL. From history to prehistory in the Northern Great Plains, by WM. DUNCAN STRONG. Some Navaho culture changes during two centuries (with a translation of the early eighteenth century Rabal manuscript), by W. W. HILL. Native cultures of the Intermontane (Great Basin) Area, by JULIAN H. STEWARD. Southern peripheral Athapaskawan origins, divisions, and migrations, by JOHN P. HARRINGTON. Outline of Eskimo prehistory, by HENRY B. COLLINS, Jr. Bibli-



160 37. Psychology

ography of anthropological papers by John R. Swanton, compiled by FRANCES S. NICHOLS. The volume is well illustrated and belongs in its own right among the most notable contributions to American anthropology. It is a volume worthy of Dr. SWANTON. M.F.A.M.

36. PHYSIOLOGY (human and comparative)

FERNANDEZ, OCTAVIO C. HISTORIA DE LA KINESIOLOGIA. Universidad de Buenos

Aires, Publicaciones de la cdtedra de historia de la medicina 3, 235-73, 1940.

HARRIS, LESLIE J. VITAMINS AND VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES. Vol. I: Introductory and

historical; vitamin Bi and beri-beri. xIv +04 p. London, CHURCHILL, 1938.

Reviewed by A. L. BACHARACH, Science Progress 34, 421-22, 1939.

HARVEY, E. NEWTON. LIVING LIGHT. XV+328 p. Princeton, University Press, 1940

($4.00). This admirably written and illustrated book is by the world's leading authority on

the nature of animal light. Every aspect of the subject is treated. There is a good bibliography and an excellent index, and the publishers by this book prove themselves to be in the front rank of the bookmakers of this country. M.F.A.M.

HOFF, J. J.; HOFF, C. G. DE VITAMINES. Een overzicht ten dienste van allen die in onze voeding belangstellen. 5de vermeerderde druk. 106 p. Gorinchem, NOORDUYN, 1939.


MARX, ERNST. DIE ENTWICKLUNG DER REFLEXLEHRE SEIT ALBRECHT VON HALLER

BIS IN DIE ZWEITE HXLFTE DES 19. JAHRHUNDERTS. Mit einem Geleitwort von VIKTOR

VON WEIZSXCKER. 126 p. (Sitzungsber. d. Heidelb. Akad. d. Wissensch. Math.-naturw.

K1. Jg. 1938). Heidelberg, Weisssche Universitatsbuchhandlung, 1939.

Reviewed by DIEPGEN, Mitt. z. Gesch. d. Med. 38, 257, 1939.

PRICE, WESTON A. NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL DEGENERATION, A COMPARISON OF PRIMI- TIVE AND MODERN DIETS AND THEIR EFFECTS. Foreword by EARNEST ALBERT HOOTON. New York, HOEBER, 1939.

Reviewed in Annals of Medical History 2, 355-56, 1940.

WINDLE, WILLIAM FREDERICK. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FETUS. XII+249 p. Phila-

delphia, SAUNDERS, 1940 ($4.50).

In 1885 WILHELM PREYER published his Specielle Physiologie des Embryo (GRIEBEN: Leipzig), a work which has been the standard volume on the subject ever since, and no other book has since quite taken its place. But fetal physiology has made great advances since 1885, and in the present authoritative volume-which makes no claim to being exhaustive-Prof. WINDLE has most readably and usefully brought together the many scattered observations in the field of fetal physiology and presented them in a systematic manner. M.F.A.M.

37. PSYCHOLOGY (human and comparative)

BRUNSWIK, EGON. THE CONCEPTUAL FOCUS OF SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS. Journal

of Unified Science (Erkenntnis) 8, 36-49, 1939 (received May 1940).

GOLDSTEIN, KURT. HUMAN NATURE IN THE LIGHT OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY. x +258 p. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1940 ($2.50).



39. Prehistory 161

The William James Lectures delivered at Harvard 1937-1938 by one of the world's leading neurologists. The lectures present a re-discussion of the views set out by Dr. GOLDSTEIN in his fundamental volume The Organism (N. Y. 1939) reviewed in these pages (Isis vol. 32). For those who are not au courant with the neuro-psychiatric literature, this little volume puts very clearly, and in an un-technical manner, Dr. GOLD- STEIN'S viewpoint of the organism as a whole, and its contribution towards the understanding of human nature. It is an extremely valuable and important contribution towards clear thinking upon this problem. M.F.A.M.

GUILLAUME, P. LA PSYCHOLOGIE ANIMALE. 210 +II p. Paris, COLIN, 1940 (15 fr.).

Petit livre bien documente, bien pense et bien ecrit. Le premier chapitre contient une esquisse de l'histoire du sujet. 1. L'idee de psychologie animale; 2. Les methodes de la psychologie animale; 3. L'application concrete des methodes; 4. Les problemes de l'instinct; 5. Les problemes de l'intelligence.

HILGARD, ERNEST R.; MARQUIS, DONALD G. CONDITIONING AND LEARNING. XI +429 p. New York, APPLEToN-Century, 1940 ($2.75).

This admirable volume represents the first critical survey and analysis of the literature dealing with conditioning and learning. The facts of conditioning and learning, and the theories devised to explain them, such as those of PAVLOV and numerous other workers, are reviewed and critically examined. There are nearly a thousand items in the bibliography, and there is a good index. It hardly seems possible that a better book than this could have been written upon one of the most active fields of research in psychology. M.F.A.M.

WOODWORTH, ROBERT S. PSYCHOLOGY. XIII +639 p. New York, HOLT, 1940 ($2.75).

This is the fourth American edition of a standard textbook on psychology, revised and rewritten. It is very good. A glaring fault of the book cannot, however, be permitted to pass without notice here; this refers to some of the substance of the chapter on the nervous system, and to most of the illustrations which accompany it; the latter are for the most part poor, and far from accurate. Excellent illustrations could easily have been obtained and one is left wondering why the beginning student must be presented with a diagram of the peripheral nervous system and told that it actually represents a "general view of the nervous system ...." It is a pity that psychologists do not believe a little more than they do in the virtues of scientific trespass! M.F.A.M.

38. ARCHAEOLOGY (Generalities, Methods, History of Archaeology and Erudition)

HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ERUDITION

BREASTED, JAMES H., JR. THE PLACE OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE MODERN WORLD. Southwestern Lore, 43-48, 1939.

39. PREHISTORY

BARTON, GEORGE A. THE PALAEOLITHIC BEGINNINGS OF RELIGION-AN INTERPRETA- TION. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82, 131-49, 1940.

IIAWKES, C. F. C. THE PREHISTORIC FOUNDATIONS OF EUROPE TO THE MYCENEAN AGE.

xIv+414 p., 12 pl. London, METHUEN, 1940.

Reviewed by DARYLL FORDE, Nature 146, 213-14, 1940.

HEURTLEY, WALTER A. PREHISTORIC MACEDONIA, AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECON- NAISSANCE OF GREEK MACEDONIA (WEST OF THE STRUMA) IN THE NEOLITHIC, BRONZE, AND EARLY IRON AGES. 304 p. Cambridge University Press, 1939.



162 43. Sociology

KROGMAN, WILTON MARION. THE PATHOLOGIES OF PRE- AND PROTOHISTORIC MAN. The medical and surgical practices of pre- and protohistoric man. Ciba Symposia 2, 432-52. 1940.

MARYON, HERBERT. THE TECHNICAL METHODS OF THE IRISH SMITHS IN THE BRONZE AND EARLY IRON AGES. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 44, sect. C, no. 7, 181- 228, 1938.

This is a most valuable contribution to primitive metallurgy, in which the author begins from the beginning, and through the medium of his own researches here reported, takes the reader right through the experience of discovering how the primitive Irish smiths worked. M.F.A.M.

MARYON, HERBERT. SOLDERING AND WELDING IN THE BRONZE AND EARLY IRON AGES. 36 p. Cambridge, Mass., Fogg Art Museum, 1936.

Perhaps the best discussion of the subject yet published, written in Mr. MARYON'S usual clear and interesting style. M.F.A.M.

PASSEMARD, LUCE. LES STATUETTES FEMININES PALEOLITHIQUES DITES Venus steato-

pyges. 151 p., 16 pl. Nimes, TEISSIER, 1938.

STOKAR, WALTER VON. SPINNEN UND WEBEN BEI DEN GERMANEN. Eine vorgeschicht- lich-naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchung. vI +142 p., 144 fig. (Mannus-B iicherei, 59). Leipzig, KABITZSCH, 1938.

40. ETHNOLOGY (primitive and popular science)

DUFOUR, L. LE FOLKLORE DE LA FOUDRE. Ciel et Terre 56, 95-104, 1940.

HUTTON, J. H. A PRIMITIVE PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE. 24 p. (Frazer Lecture, 1938). Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1938.


LILLICO, JOAN. PRIMITIVE BLOOD-LETTING. Annals of Medical History 2, 133-39, 3 fig., 1940.

41. SUPERSTITION AND OCCULTISM

HAYWARD, ELIZABETH. WHAT ABOUT MADSTONES? Ciba symposia 1, 395-96, 1940.

HUTTON, J. H. WOLF-CHILDREN. (Presidential address, The Folk-Lore Society, 21st February, 1940). Folk-lore 51, 9-31, 1940.

Review of stories concerning children brought up by wolves. Outside of ROMULUS and REMUS the earliest European account refers to a boy found among wolves in Hesse in 1341, but this was not reported until the seventeenth century by WILHELM DILICH (Hessische Chronica, p. 187, 1608). After having quoted many such stories the author's conclusion is one of doubt. G.S.

43. SOCIOLOGY, JURISPRUDENCE AND POSITIVE POLITY

ARENSBERG, CONRAD M.; KIMBALL, SOLON T. FAMILY AND COMMUNITY IN IRE- LAND. XXIX +322 p. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1940 ($3.50).

This admirable volume represents yet another welcome addition to the growing body of anthropological studies which apply the methods of the field ethnologist to the study, analysis and description of a western "civilized" community, in the present instance a



43. Sociology 163

community of County Clare, Ireland. The work makes extremely interesting reading, and it is to be hoped that the authors' example will be followed by others, and that they themselves will extend their investigations to other western communities. M.F.A.M.

GRAUBARD, MARK. MAN THE SLAVE AND MASTER. X+366 p. London, DENT, 1939.

Reviewed by K. MATHER, Nature 144, 310, 1939.

MYRDAL, GUNNAR. POPULATION. xv+237 p. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1940. ($2.00).

The Godkin Lectures for 1938, delivered by one of Sweden's outstanding students of population, Prof. GUNNAR MYRDAL. The book is subtitled A problem for democracy. Deliberately written in non-technical language, the book represents one of the most attractive treatments of the population problem thus far published. M.F.A.M.

HOLDSWORTH, WILLIAM. SOME MAKERS OF ENGLISH LAW. IX+308 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940 ($3.75).

The Tagore Lectures delivered at Calcutta University, 1937-1938, by Sir WILLIAM HOLDSWORTH, Vinerian Professor in English Law in the University of Oxford. In this volume the author gives a connected account of the men who made English law and the processes which led to the making of it. It is an excellent simplified account of a rather difficult subject, which is dealt with by the author at greater length in his History of English Law, but, alas, it never penetrates below the surface of things. If one is prepared to stay on the surface the book makes excellent reading, if not-not. M.F.A.M.

HUXLEY, JULIAN. THE SCIENCE OF SOCIETY. Virginia Quarterly Review 16, 349-65, 1940.

KLINEBERG, OTTO. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY. XII+570 p. New York, HOLT, 1940 ($3.00)

This is an admirable social psychology by one of the few psychologists to be found anywhere in the world with a first rate medical and anthropological training. The author has performed an able integration of the findings of comparative sociology, ethnology and psychology, making his book unique in the field of social psychology. M.F.A.M.

MANNHEIM, KARL. MAN AND SOCIETY IN AN AGE OF RECONSTRUCTION. XXII +469 p New York, HARCOURT BRACE, 1940 ($3.50).

A topical study, of more than ephemeral interest, of the psychological and social factors underlying the present crisis in western civilization, by the author of Ideology and Utopia. M.F.A.M.

OSBORN, FREDERICK. PREFACE TO EUGENICS. XI+312 p. New York, HARPER, 1940

($2.75). A sound and satisfying examination of the bases of a scientific and humane eugenic

ideal. M.F.A.M.

RECKLESS, WALTER C. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR. XI +532 p. New York, MCGRAW-HILL, 1940 ($3.75).

This book presents one of the best discussions and evaluations of the nature, causes, variation, treatment, and prevention of crime. There is an excellent treatment of the historical development of the scientific study of crime, and a number of valuable appendices of the penal system in different countries and the practises of those countries, as well as a number of sample case histories. M.F.A.M.



164 44. History of Civilization

44. HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION

(General history, Historical methods, Biography and Chronology)

BARNOW, A. J. THE DUTCH. XII+297 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1940 ($3.00).

A most attractive account of the Dutch people and their culture by the Professor of the history, language and literature of the Netherlands in Columbia University. M.F.A.M.

HANSEN, MARCUS LEE (1892-1938). THE ATLANTIC MIGRATION. XVII+390 p. Cam-

bridge, Harvard University Press, 1940 ($3.50). Professor HANSEN died on 11 May, 1938, while Professor of history at the University

of Illinois, leaving behind him the virtually finally-revised manuscript which forms the present volume. The task of final revision and preparation for the press has fallen to the able hands of ARTHUR M. SCHLESINGER, who also contributes a foreword. HANSEN'S book is a combination of scholarship, humanity, and charm. Being a history of the con- tinuing settlement of the United States from 1607 to 1860, the story that HANSEN has to tell is of epic dimensions-of those millions who forsook their native lands for America, the land of promise,-and HANSEN tells the story with warmth, sympathy and understanding, and with a scholarship which will more than please the most exacting of students. That this book will establish itself as the standard work upon the subject with which it deals there can be little doubt. Mr. HANSEN gives most attention to early and middle nineteenth century when the greatest waves of emigration occurred, and he does not neglect to consider the nature of the conditions in various European countries which made people want to come to America. Anything was better than what most of them had to suffer, and if America was the unknown it could hardly be worse than what they were leaving behind them. That was what many of them felt, but there can have been very few who ever regretted their emigration to these shores. America to-day represents more than ever before The Promised Land to millions of Europeans; there is a poignancy in their situation which a reading of the present book, at the present time, tends to sharpen. That this book deserves to be very widely read need hardly be said. There is a full appendix of source materials, and an index. M.F.A.M.

HUBERT, RENE (ET D'AUTRES). LA NOTION DE PROGRES DEVANT LA SCIENCE ACTUELLE:

EXPOSES PAR RENE HUBERT, GUGLIELMO FERRERO, PIERRE JANET, EDOUARD LE RoY,

RENfE LEGENDRE, JEAN ROSTAND, ED. BAUER, ABEL REY. 189 p. (Discussions. Sixieme semaine internationale de synthese). Paris, ALCAN, 1938.

Reviewed by HELENE METZGER BRUHL, Archeion 22, 132, 1940.

LANGER, WILLIAM L. AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD HISTORY. xxvIII +1155 +LXVI p. Boston, HOUGHTON MIFFLIN, 1940 ($5.50).

This encyclopaedia of world history, ancient, mediaeval and modern (chronologically arranged up to May 1940) is described on the title-page as "A revised and modernized version of PLOETZ'S 'Epitome."' But as Prof. LANGER makes it quite clear in his preface, the present volume is a completely new work-hardly anything of PLOETZ being re- tained. It may at once be said that Prof. LANGER and his fifteen contributors have produced a work of such great utility that it would hardly be rash to predict that new editions of it will still be appearing a hundred years hence. The book really represents one of the most remarkable achievements of our time. The factual data, the maps, the tables and the index (which contains about 15,000 entries) comprise so useful an inte- grated unit that the word "indispensable" automatically comes to mind. The publishers,



45. History of Art 165

with their usual exemplary taste for good book-making, have bound and printed the book most happily, and at the price it is really a wonderful "buy." M.F.A.M.

MACKENZIE, AGNES MURE. A SHORT HISTORY OF SCOTLAND. xii +384 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940 ($3.25).

By the leading historian of Scotland this useful book gives a most reliable and readable account of the history of Scotland from the earliest times to the end of the nineteenth century. Dr. MACKENZIE is a good Scottish patriot and she sometimes permits her pa- triotism to obscure her judgment, but these occasions are rare, and on the whole her book is to be highly recommended. M.F.A.M.

MILLER, HUGH. HISTORY AND SCIENCE. A study of the relation of historical and theoretical knowledge. xI +201 p. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1939.

Reviewed by F. S. MARVIN, Nature 146, 316, 1940.

READ, CONYERS. LIST OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS IN HISTORY NOW IN PROGRESS AT UNIVERSITIES IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE DOMINION OF CANADA. With an appendix of other research projects in history now in progress in the United States and in Canada. 104 p. American Historical Review, supplement to vol. 45, 1940.

SHOTWELL, JAMES T. THE HISTORY OF HISTORY. Volume I, revised edition of "An introduction to the history of history." xII+407 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1939.

Reviewed by W. S. FERGUSON, American Historical Review 45, 849-51, 1940.

WILLIAMS, CHARLES HAROLD. THE MODERN HISTORIAN. London, NELSON, 1938.

45. HISTORY OF ART

(Art and science. Iconography. Arts and crafts)

GILBERT, KATHERINE EVERETT; KUHN, HELMUT. A HISTORY OF ESTHETICS.

xx+582 p. New York, MACMILLAN, 1940 ($4.25).

This is an excellent book, but it is difficult to see why it has been called a history of aesthetics. Surely it is too early for that. Certainly a history may be a narration of facts, but there are few to-day who would consider such a narrative satisfactory, for true history is development and growth, and it is the task of the historian, of whatever historical process he may be concerned with, to trace the development and growth of that process-as far as it is possible to do so. The history of aesthetic studies is a beautiful example of the failure of an important aspect of knowledge to arrive at the status of a well-organized branch of theoretic knowledge. The reason for this is obvious: the lack of an experimental approach to the solution of aesthetic problems. Since 1871, when FECHNER commenced his experimental inquiries into the subject, there has been a certain amount of scientific interest in the aesthetic problem, and he has had an appreciable number of followers since, but there has never been any really concerted and continuous attack upon the problem, and I know of no investigator who has devoted the major part of his scientific life to the study of aesthetic problems with a view to discovering their irreducible elements. Doubtless the time will come when we shall have a science of aesthetics; meanwhile such a book as Professors GILBERT and KUHN have written will fill a long felt need, for it is a superior volume to BOSANQUET'S History of aesthetic which has hitherto held the field, and if it is not in a true sense a history, it is fairly exhaustive and does attempt to be a history. If a history of aesthetics cannot yet be written it is not



166 50. Medicine

the fault of the authors, and I suppose that the only title that they could have given their book is the one it bears. It may be highly recommended as an excellent prole- gomenon to the history of aesthetics. M.F.A.M.

KRIS, ERNST; GOMBRICH, ERNST. THE PRINCIPLES OF CARICATURE. British Jour- nal of Medical Psychology 17, 319-42, 1938.

In the primitive stage, the hostile action is carried out on the person through the picture. In the second stage, it is carried out only on the picture and does not wound the person, only his honor; that is the stage of defamatory pictures. In the third stage, to which alone caricature belongs, the hostile action is carried out on the portrait only. The surprising fact that caricature was not known before the end of the XVI century is explained by the survival of belief in image magic. C.W.A.

48. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

(See also above, 18. Philosophy of Science)

METZ, RUDOLF. A HUNDRED YEARS OF BRITISH PHILOSOPHY. Translated by J. W. HAR- VEY, T. E. JESSOP, HENRY STURT. Edited by J. H. MUIRHEAD. 828 p. (Library of Philosophy). London, ALLEN and UNWIN, 1938.

Reviewed by T. GREENWOOD, Nature 144, 51-53, 1939.

PHILOSOPHY AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH. A quarterly journal. Volume I, number 1, September 1940. Edited by MARVIN FARBER. 126 p. University of Buffalo, International Phenomenological Society, 1940.

SIVADJIAN, JOSEPH. LE TEMPS. &Itude philosophique, physiologique et psychologique. 425 p. Paris, HERMANN, 1938.

Reviewed by HkELENE METZGER BRUHL, Archeion 22, 121-22, 1940.

TALLMADGE, G. KASTEN. PHILOSOPHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF TILE HUMANISM OF

IRVING BABBITT. Petrus Nonius 3, 31-51, 1940.

VII. MEDICINE

50. HISTORY, ORGANIZATION, AND PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICINE

ASCHOFF, LUDWIG. WAR DIE SYPHILIS VON ALTERS HER EINE EUROPAISCHE KRANK- HEIT? 12 p. Freiburg i. Breisgau, H. SPEYER, 1939.


BAYON, H. P. ANCIENT PREGNANCY TESTS IN THE LIGHT OF CONTEMPORARY KNOWLEDGE.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine (Section of the history of medicine) 32, 1527-38, 1939.

BRAUN, ADOLF. MEDIZINISCHES AUS DER WELTLITERATUR VON DER ANTIKE BIS ZUR GEGENWART. IV +152 p. Stuttgart, ENKE, 1937.


BRAUN, ADOLF. KRANKHEIT UND TOD IM SCHICKSAL BEDEUTENDER MENSCHEN.

IV+104 p. Stuttgart, ENKE, 1934.




50. Medicine 167

BROMBERG, WALTER. THE MIND OF MAN: THE STORY OF MAN'S CONQUEST OF MENTAL

ILLNESS. XIV+323 p. New York, HARPER, 1937.

Reviewed by RICHARD H. SHRYOCK, American Historical Review 44, 676, 1939.

DERUISSEAU, L. G. INFANT HYGIENE IN THE OLDER MEDICAL LITERATURE, p. 530-36, figs.; THE CARE OF THE NEW-BORN INFANT, p. 536-47, figs.; INFANT FEEDING, p. 548-55,

figs., Ciba Symposia 2, 1940.

FRIEDENWALD, JULIUS; MORRISON, SAMUEL. THE HISTORY OF THE ENEMA WITH SOME NOTES ON RELATED PROCEDURES. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 68-

114, 14 figs.; 239-76, 7 fig., 1940.

GALDSTON, IAGO. SOME NOTES ON THE EARLY HISTORY OF CHEMOTHERAPY, Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 806-18, 1940.

GLEICHEN-RUSSWURM, ALEXANDER FREIHERR VON. DER WUNDERDOKTOR.

Von der Heilsehnsucht der Jahrhunderte. 362 p., pl., port. Augsburg, HAAS, 1937.

Reviewed by M. F. VAN ANDEL, Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 19, 54, 1939.

GRAHAM, HARVEY (PSEUD.) [FLACK, ISAAC HARVEY]. SURGEONS ALL. Foreword

by OLIVER ST. JOHN GOGARTY. 426 p., front., 23 pl. London, RICH and COWAN, 1939.

LASTRES, JUAN B. LE TRAITEMENT DES MALADIES NERVEUSES PENDANT L'EPOQUE

COLONIALE AU PEROU. Bulletin de la Societe franQaise d'histoire de la mgdecine 34, 11-29, 1940.

LUFKIN, ARTHUR WARD. A HISTORY OF DENTISTRY. 255 p., 90 ills. Philadelphia, LEA & FEBIGER, 1938.

MARANON, GREGORIO. ESPArNA FUERA DE ESPANA. Divagaciones sobre un libro de historia. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Publicaciones de la cdtedra de historia de la medicina 3, 405-14, 1940.

PACKARD, FRANCIS R. THE CONQUEST OF SURGICAL PAIN. 48 p., frontispiece. (Jayne Memorial Lecture.) American Philosophical Society, 1940.

PAZZINI, ADALBERTO. IL PENSIERO MEDICO NEI SECOLI. Dalle scuole italiche al secolo XIX. XVi +S334 p. Firenze, SANSONI, 1939.

Reviewed by D. GIORDANO, Rivista di storia delle scienze 30, 105-06, 1939.

POWER, SIR D'ARCY. A MIRROR FOR SURGEONS; SELECTED READINGS IN SURGERY.

Boston, LITTLE, BROWN, 1939.


RIESMAN, DAVID. THE MAKING OF A CLINICIAN. North Carolina Medical Journal 1, 16 p., 1940.

RIESMAN, DAVID. CLINICAL TEACHING IN AMERICA, WITH SOME REMARKS ON EARLY

MEDICAL SCHOOLS. Transactions & Studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia 7, 89-110, 1939.



168 51. Epidemiology

RIESMAN, DAVID. AMERICAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO NOSOGRAPHY. New England Journal

of Medicine 219, 591-611, 1938.

RIESMAN, DAVID. MEDICINE IN MODERN SOCIETY. Princeton University Press, 1938.

RIESMAN, DAVID. TIIE CLINICAL APPROACH. 14 p. Reprinted from Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association 32, 1936.

RIGAL, JEANNE. LA COMMUNAUTiE DES MAITRES CHIRURGIENS JURES DE PARIS, AU

XVIIE ET AU XVIIIE SIECLE. 205 p. Paris, VIGOT Freres, 1936.

Reviewed by HELENE METZGER BRUHL, Archeion 21, 157-58, 1938.

ROSEN, GEORGE. A THEORY OF MEDICAL HISTORIOGRAPHY. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 655-65, 1940.

ROWLETTE, ROBERT J. The Medical Press and Circular, 1839-1939. A hundred years in the life of a medical journal. London, F.R.C.P.I., 1939.


SCHEFFEY, LEWIS C. THE EARLIER HISTORY AND THE TRANSITION PERIOD OF OBSTET-

RICS AND GYNECOLOGY IN PHILADELPHIA. Annals of Medical History 2, 215-24, 1940.

SEIBERT, HENRI. THE PROGRESS OF IDEAS REGARDING THE CAUSATION AND CONTROL

OF INFANT MORTALITY. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 546-98, 1940.

(SIGERIST, HENRY; EDITOR). BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA-1939. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 619-35, 1940.

ULUDAG, O. SEVKI. LA SANGSUE DANS L'HISTOIRE DE NOTRE MEDECINE. Turk tib tarihi arkivi 4, 61-63, 1939.

VAN GILS, J. B. F. HET SNIJDEN VAN DEN KEI. Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 20, 57-65, 4 pi., 1940.

WILBUR, RAY LYMAN. THE MARCH OF MEDICINE; SELECTED ADDRESSES AND ARTICLES

ON MEDICAL TOPICS, 1913-1937, Stanford University Press, 1938.

Reviewed by DAVID RIESMAN, Annals of Medical History 1, 314, 1939.

51. EPIDEMIOLOGY, HISTORY OF SPECIAL DISEASES. MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY.

PUBLIC HEALTH, BALNEOLOGY, AND SOCIAL MEDICINE

ARANA, GUILLERMO BOSCH. HISTORIA DE LA HEMOSTASIA. Universidad de Buenos

Aires, Publicaciones de la cdtedra de historia de la medicina 3, 181-93, 1940.

BERNARDIS, GIOVANNI DE. COMPENDIO STORICO DELLA VENEOROLOGIA. 127 p. Roma, Studio Editoriale degli Istituti Universitari, 1937.

Reviewed by G. VERITA, Rivista di storia delle scienze 29, 285, 1938.

BLEYER, ADRIEN. THE ANTIQUITY OF ACHONDROPLASIA. Annals of Medical History 2, 306-07, 1940.



51. Epidemiology 169

CASTALI)I, L. GLI INIZI DEL "MAL DE LA ROSA" IN SPAGNA." "SCRITTI IN ONORE DI RAFFAELLO SILVESTRINI." Annali Facolta Medico-chirurgica, Perugia, 37, 1938.

Reviewed by CARLO MAXIA, Rivista di storia delle scienze 30, 72, 1939.

CHALIAN, WILLIAM. AN ESSAY ON THE HISTORY OF LOCKJAW. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 171-201, 1940.

COPE, ZACHARY. PIONEERS IN ACUTE ABDOMINAL SURGERY. 148 p. Oxford University Press, 1939.

Fifteenth to nineteenth centuries. C.W.A.

DROGENDIJK, A. C. OVER ENCEPHALITIS POSTVACCINALIS. 111 p. Amsterdam, H. J.

PARIS, 1939.


FRIEDMAN, REUBEN. THE INFLUENCE OF IMMIGRATION ON THE INCIDENCE OF SCABIES

IN THE UNITED STATES. Annals of Medical History 2, 393-400, 1 facs., 1940.

GERLITT, JOHN. THE DEVELOPMENT OF QUARANTINE. Ciba Symposia 2, 566-80, figs., 1940.

HESSELMANN, ERIKA. GESCHICHTE DER PROGRESSIVEN PARALYSE. 34 p. (Inst. Gesch. Med. Dusseldorf: W. HABERLING). Diss. 160. Dusseldorf, 1939.

HIRSH, JOSEPH. PNEUMONIA. Early history of diagnosis and treatment. Annals of Medical History 2, 144-50, 1940.

LASTRES, JUAN B. COMO SE TRATABAN LAS ENFERMEDADES NERVIOSAS DURANTE LA

COLONIA. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Publicaciones de la catedra de historia de la medicina 3, 363-404, 1940.

LAVALLE, CARLOS ROBERTSON. RUMBO BIOLOGICO EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA

TUBERCULOSIS. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Publicaciones de la cdtedra de historia de la medicina 3, 415-50, 1940.

LEIKIND, MORRIS C. QUARANTINE IN THE UNITED STATES. THE QUARANTINE STATION

AT MIAMI, FLORIDA. Ciba Symposia 2, 581-82, 583-92, 1940.

LONG, ESMOND R. THE DECLINE OF TUBERCULOSIS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS GENERALIZED FORM. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8, 819-43, 1940.

MORENO, NICOLAS BESIO. HISTORIA DE LAS EPIDEMIAS DE BUENOS AIRES. Estudio

demografico estadistico. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Publicaciones de la cdtedra de historia de la medicina 3, 81-178, maps, 1940.

RIESMAN, DAVID. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE CHEST AND ABDOMEN. 4 p. Proceedings of the Inter-State Post Graduate Medical Assembly of North America Oct. 31-Nov. 4, 1938. Philadelphia, Pa.

ROFFO, ANGEL H. EVOLUCION HISTORICA DEL CANCER. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Publicaciones de la cdtedra de historia de la medicina 3, 451-61, 1940.



170 53. Pharmacy

ROLLESTON, SIR HUMPHRY. HISTORY OF AORTIC REGURGITATION. Annals of Medical History 2, 271-79, 3 fig., 1940.

52. HISTORY OF HOSPITALS, OF MEDICAL TEACHING, AND OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION

HARRAR, JAMES A. THE STORY OF THE LYING-IN HOSPITAL OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. New York, Lying-in Hospital, 1938.


HELLINGA, G. EEN SOMBERE BLADZIJDE UIT DE GESCHIEDENIS VAN HET VOORMALIGE

AMSTERDAMSCHE BUITENGASTHUIS. Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der geneeskunde 20, 28-38, 4 fig., 1940.

(MEDICAL EDUCATION). GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. 1. Continuation study for practicing physicians, 1937 to 1940. 243 p. Chicago, American Medical Association, 1940.

MOLINERY, PIERRE. LUCHON: EVOLUTION DE SES DOCTRINES THERMALES A TRAVERS LES AGES. Paris, 1938.

Reviewed by MARCEL FOSSEYEUX, Bulletin de la societe frangaise d'histoire de la medecine 33, 57, 1939.

PACKARD, FRANCIS R. SOME ACCOUNT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL FROM ITS

FIRST RISE TO THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR 1938. Philadelphia, Engle Press, 1938.

Reviewed by DAVID RIESMAN, Annals of Medical History 10, 360-61, 1938.

SEYFARTH, E. DAS HOSPITAL ZU ST. GEORG IN LEIPZIG DURCH ACHT JAHRHUNDERTE

1212-1940. Bd. 1, Das Hospital zu St. Georg vom Jahre 1212 bis zum Jahre 1631. 9 fig. Leipzig, THIEME, 1939.

UNVER, A. St3HEYL. HASEKI HOSPITAL, ON THE OCCASION OF ITS FOURTH CENTENARY, 1539-1939. (in Turkish). Institute of the History of Medicine in Turkey, 16 p., 19 ills., Istanbul, 1939.

This paper deals with the history of the Haseki Hospital, one of the early hospitals of Istanbul, up to the present time. A.S.

WASHBURN, FREDERICK A. THE MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL, ITS DEVEL-

OPMENT, 1900-1935. Boston, HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN, 1939.


53. PHARMACY. PHARMACOLOGY. TOXICOLOGY

CHEVALIER, A. G. THE "ANTIMONY-WAR"-A DISPUTE BETWEEN MONTPELLIER AND

PARIS. Ciba Symposia 1, 418-23, 1940.

MULLETT, CHARLES F. TOBACCO AS A DRUG IN EARLIER ENGLISH MEDICINE. Annals

of Medical History 2, 110-23, 1940.

ZIMMERMANN, WALTHER. APOTHEKER-EXLIBRIS MIT PHARMAZIEGESCHICHTLICHEM

INHALT. Die Vortrige der Hauptversammlung in Miinlchen, p. 137-40, 30 figs. Gesellschaft fur Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1938.



58. Catalogues

VIII. EDUCATION (The methods of accumulating, imparting and diffusing knowledge)

54. EDUCATION (Generalities, methods, colleges, universities)

BERKSON, L. B. PREFACE TO AN EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY. XVI +50 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1940 ($2.50).

Eppur' si muove! Yes. I have witnessed such great changes in the educational methods of the schools of many parts of the United States during the ten years in which I have lived here, that I firmly believe that should we progress as we have been progressing, many of us will live to see the substantial effects for the good which will be wrought upon our fellows. Even now, I know that taken by and large the average American is a better all round human being than the average citizen of any other land with which I am acquainted. Living in a true democracy is in itself a liberating experience, and being educated in the schools of such a true democracy is the best receipt I know for an education in humanity. The receipt is far from perfect, but it is without a doubt the best that exists anywhere in the world, and it does look as if it is leading us in the right direction. If our educational methods are not perfect they can be rendered more perfect, and in this connection a book such as Dr. BERKSON'S will serve to light the way, and to provide an efficient foundation upon which to base any discussion of the principles, the ways, and the means by which our present educational policies may be improved. Dr. BERKSON is a true humanist, and the words "humanism" and "democracy" have for him prac- tically the same meaning. The philosophy of education which he outlines in this book is humanistic in the best sense, and is based upon the belief in the supreme efficacy of education-in association with an enlightened political engineering-in creating good human beings and a world good to live in. Readers of Isis will find little in this book with which they cannot agree. Dr. BERKSON is sometimes a little simplistic in his attribution of certain causes to certain effects, but this is no great fault in a book which is one of the best statements of a humane educational philosophy which we have. M.F.A.M.

LILGE, FRITZ. REVITALIZING LEARNING. Educational Forum, 389-99, 1940.

56. BIBLIOGRAPHY (Methods, Libraries)

DAUGHERTY, D. H. AMERICAN LEARNED JOURNALS. American Council of Learned So- cieties, Bulletin no. 30, 129-86, 1940.

KLOTZ, EDITH L. A SUBJECT ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH IMPRINTS FOR EVERY TENTH YEAR FROM 1480 TO 1640. Huntington Library Quarterly 1, 417-19, 1938.

(NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE U. S. A.) GUIDE TO THE MATERIAL IN THE ARCHIVES.

xvIII+303 p. Washington, D. C., U. S. Govt. Printing Office, 1940 (Price, $0.40; cloth, $0.70).

A considerable amount of the material preserved in the National Archives in Wash- ington is of interest to the historian of science. A few examples follow: maps and atlases (p. 78); Hydrographic office (p. 123); Naval Observatory (p. 125); Fisheries Bureau (p. 131); Geological Survey (p. 135); Weather Bureau (p. 155); Coast and Geodetic Survey (p. 161), etc. A.P.

THORNTON, JOHN L. Cataloguing in special libraries; a survey of methods. xII +68 p. London, GRAFTON, 1938.

Reviewed by M. S., Science Progress 34, 440, 1939.

58. CATALOGUES OF SECOND-HAND BOOKS ON THE HISTORY AND

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Many catalogues of second-hand books are so interesting and so full of valuable in-

171



172 58. Catalogues

formation that we shall henceforth register them in this section, together with other lists of a similar nature, such as catalogues of scientific medals and prints. When applying to the publishers of these catalogues for a copy, please mention Isis.

(ARGOSY BOOK STORES). AMERICAN MEDICAL HISTORY. Source materials arranged by states. Proceedings of medical societies; material relating to medical schools; reports of health boards, hospitals, asylums; biographies, portraits & autograph letters of promi- nent local physicians, &c., &c., with sections on Canada, the West Indies, and the Civil War. Cat. 169, 32 p., New York, 114 E. 59th St. (received Nov. 1940).

(ARGOSY BOOK STORES). MEDICAL HISTORY & BIOGRAPHY. 96 items. New York, 114 E. 59th St. (received Nov. 1940).

(L'ART ANCIEN). MEDICINE AND SCIENCE, NATURAL HISTORY. Catalogue 25. 148 p., 1679 items. Zurich 2, Gartenstrasse 24 (received May 1940).

(FLETCHER, IFAN KYRLE). SCIENCE. Being a catalogue of books on chemistry, physics, mathematics, natural history, gastronomy and medicine, together with education and occult. No. 15, 24 p., 347 items. London W. 1, 26 Old Bond St., Spring 1940.

(GOLDSCHMIDT, E. P.) BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCE BOOKS. Bibliography and history of science and medicine. Cat. 55, 36 p., 383 items. London W. 1, 45 Old Bond St. (received April 1940).

(GOLDSCHMIDT, E. P.). FIFTEENTH CENTURY BOOKS FROM THIRTY-FIVE TOWNS. Cat. 57, 24 p., 71 items. London W. 1, 45 Old Bond St. (received June 1940).

(GOLDSCHMIDT, E. P.). OLD SCIENCE AND MEDICINE. Cat. 56, 48 p., 275 items. London W. 1, 45 Old Bond St. (received May 1940).

(GRANT, JOHN). TRAVEL, MAPS, LITERATURE, ARRANGED UNDER TRAVEL IN EUROPE

AND THE ARCTIC, ATLASES, DECORATIVE MAPS & CHARTS, ORIENTAL LITERATURE, RELI-

GION AND HISTORY, TRAVEL, SPORT, ENGLISH LITERATURE AND SETS. Edinburgh 1, 31

George IV Bridge, May 1940.

(HEFFER, W.). CATALOGUE OF BOOKS & JOURNALS RELATING TO MATHEMATICS AND PHYS- ICS, INCLUDING AERONAUTICS, ASTRONOMY, METEOROLOGY, ENGINEERING AND WIRELESS

TELEGRAPHY. No. 579, 50 p., 1781 items. Cambridge, England, 3 & 4 Petty Cury, Au- tumn, 1940.

(HOOSIER, BOOKSHOP). AMERICANA, MEDICINE, MISCELLANEOUS. Books and pamphlets of historical interest treating of greatly varied subjects. No. 79. 228 items. Indian- apolis, 2135 North Alabama (received Oct. 1940).

(HOOSIER BOOKSHOP). INDIANA. Its history and literature. List 76. 463 items. Indian- apolis, 2135 North Alabama (received April 1940).

(HOOSIER BOOKSHOP). MEDICAL HISTORY. Books and pamphlets recounting the development of medicine in its various phases, including biographies of medical men. List no. 77, 22 p., 334 items. Indianapolis, 2135 North Alabama (received June 1940).



Index of Authors 173

(JUNK, W.). SCIENTIFIC BIBLIOGRAPHIES. 16 p. The Hague, 87 Van Bleiswijkstraat, 1940.

(KRAUS, HANS P.). HEBREW BOOKS OF THE XVI CENTURY, COMPRISING RARE COPIES OF

EARLY ITALIAN AND CONSTANTINOPLE PRESSES. No. 1, 9 p., 16 items. New York, 21 E. 57th St. (received April 1940).

(LIER, R.). NEW ACQUISITIONS OF OLD MEDICAL BOOKS. 128 items. Galluzzo (Firenze), Via S. Felice a Ema 33, March 1940.

(LIER, R.). OLD MEDICINE AND SCIENCE OFFERED AT MOST ADAPTED PRICES. 122 items.

Galluzzo (Firenze), Via S. Felice a Ema 33, May 1940.

(LOW, DAVID). OLD BOOKS ON THE HISTORY AND PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. No. 31, 16 p., 330 items. London W. C. 2, 17 Cecil Court (received June 1940).

(QIJARITCH, BERNARD). A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS & PERIODICALS ON ASTRONOMY,

CHEMISTRY, ELECTRICITY, ENGINEERING, MATHEMATICS, MINING, PHYSICS, ETC. No. 573,

36 p., 489 items. London W. 1, 11 Grafton St., 1940.

RANSCHBURG, OTTO H. RARE BOOKS. Cat. no. 1, 80 p., 174 items. New York, 200 W. 57th St. (received Nov. 1940).

(SCHUMAN'S). BOOKS ABOUT THE DOCTOR IN PHYSICK AND LITERATURE. Cat. 6, 84 p., 957 items. New York, 730 Fifth Ave., Spring 1940.

(SCHUMAN'S). RARE MEDICAL BOOKS. Catalogue seven, 76 p., 523 items. New York, 730 Fifth Ave., Autumn 1940.

(STECHERT, G. E.). STECHERT'S BOTANICAL CATALOGUE. No. 116, 79 p., 2268 items. New York City, 31 E. 10th St. (received Oct. 1940).

(THIEBAUD, J.). MfEDECINE ANCIENNE, ANATOMIE, CHIRURGIE, CHIMIE ET ALCHIMIE,

SCIENCES ANCIENNES. No. 70, 92 p., 1074 items. Paris V, 62 rue des Ecoles, 1940.

INDEX OF AUTHORS INCLUDED IN THE SIXTIETH BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Roman figures followed by (1) or (2) refer to the centurial classification (Part I); thus Aldorf, L., X(2) means that a paper by Aldorf is listed under Xth cent., 2nd half.

The Arabic figures refer to the historical and to the systematic classifications (Parts II and III) which are subdivided into sections numbered consecutively from 1 to 60. For instance, Adams, C. C., 17 indicates that a paper by Adams is listed in section 17 (Science organization); Asin Palacios, M., 14 indicates that a paper by Asin Palacios is listed in section 14 (Islam).

The symbols IV(a), IV(b), and IV(c) refer to the new sections on America, Oceania, and Africa at the end of Part II. For instance, Linton, R., IV(a) indicates that a paper by Linton is listed in section IV(a) (America).

January 18, 1941 FRANCES SIEGEL



Index of Authors

Abel, J. J., XX D (Acad. of Sci. of the USSR), XX E Adams, C. C., 17 Adams, R., XIX(1)D Affifi, A. E., XIII(1) Agostini, A., XVII(1)A Aitken, W., XIX(2)B Aldorf, L., X(2) Allen, P. S., XX E Almagia, R., XVII(1)E Alonso, M. A., XII(2) Amberg, L. O., XIX(1)B Amodeo, F., 20 Andrieu-Guitrancourt, P., XIII(2) Anker, J., 29 Antipa, G., XX C Antoniadi, E. M., 2 Appleyard, R., XIX(2)B Ara, P., XIX(2)D Arana, G. B., 51 Arber, A., XVI(1)C Archibald, R. C., 20 Arensberg, C. M., 43 Arey, L. B., 34 Arthur, J., 26 Aschoff, L., 50 Asin Palacios, M., XI(2), XII(1), 14 Audry, S., XVIII(1)D Austin, R. G., 4

Baas Becking, L. G. M., 28 Baitsell, G. A., 27 Baker, B., 24 Ball, J., 2 Bapat, P. V., V(1) Barnes, A., XVII(2)E Barnow, A. J., 44 Barton, G. A., 39 Bateman, D., XX D Battistini, G., XII(1) Baumgartner, L., XVIII(2)E Bayon, H. P., XII(1), XVII(1)D, 50 Beckwith, M. W., IV(b) Bel, A., 14 Belger, M., XIX(1)D Bell, E. T., 20 Bellincioni, G., XVL Beltran, J. R., XIX(1)D Berkson, L. B., 54 Bernal, J. D., XVIII(2)B Bernard, C., XIX(2)D Bernardis, G. de, 51 Beruti, J. A., XIX(1)D Bieberbach, L., XIX(1)A

Biggerstaff, K., 10 al-Birhni, XI(1) Bishop, C. W., 8 Black, M., 19 Bleyer, A., 51 Blunck, R., XIX(2)B Bone, W. A., XX B Bonner, S. F., I(1)B.C. Bontinck, E., XVI(2)D Boodberg, P. A., 10 Boulter, B. C., XIII(1) Boycott, A. E., XX C Bradley, A. D., XVIII(2)A Bragg, Sir W., XIX(2)B Branly, E., XIX(2)B Braun, A., 50 Breasted, J. H., Jr., 38 Bright, T., XVI(2)D Bromberg, W., 50 Brontman, L. K., XX C Brown, H. B., 28 Browne, C. A., 16 Bruijn, J. V. de, 8 Brunswik, E., 37 Brunt, S., XVIII(1)E Brunton, G., 2 Buchan, J., XX E Busacchi, V., XVII(2)B Busink, T. A., 3 Butler, P., XV(2) Buttimer, C. H., XII(1)

Caballero, R., V B.C. Cahen, C., XII(1) Campbell, D. H., 28 Campbell, G. A., XX B Campbell, R., XIX(2)D Campbell, W. W., XX B Capart, J., 2 Carcopino, J., 5 Carmichael, E. B., XIX(2)D Carrington, H., XVIII(2)C Carswell, C., XIV(2) Carter, W. L., 28 Casson, S., 1 Castaldi, L., XIX(1)D, XX D, 16 Castelnuovo, G., 20, 51 Caudwell, C., 18 Cescinsky, H., 26 Chalian, W., 51 Champ, Madame de, XIX(1)B Chao Tiin-ts'ung, XI(1), XV(1) Chatley, H., 2, 10 Ch'en, K., XVI(2)C

174



Index of Authors

Chevalier, A. G., XVI(1)D, XVIII(2)C, 6, 53

Chew, S. C., 14 Church, A. H., XX C Cione, E., XVI(1)E Clarke, M. V., XIV(l) Clausen, J., 28 Cluzel, M., X(2) Cohen, E., XVII(2)C Cohen, I B., XVIII(1)B, XIX(1)B, 24 Cohen, M. J., XVIII(1)E Cohen de Meester, W. A. T., XVII(2)C Combaz, G., 9 Conway, A. W., XIX(1)A Cook, S. F., XVIII(2)D Cope, Z., 51 (Copernicus), XVI(1)B Copson, E. T., 24 Corrigan, J. M., 18 Cortesao, A., XVI(1)C Cott, H. B., 29 Crawford, 0. G. S., VII(1) Crichton-Browne, Sir J., XIX(2)D

Dalman, G., 12 Dampier, W., XVII(2)C Daugherty, D. H., 56 Davies, A., 26 Davis, D. W., 27 Davis, T. L., XI(1), XV(1) Davison, C., 32 De Beer, G. R., 29 De Jong, R. N., XVIII(2)D De Pina, L., 31 De Smet, A., XVI(2)C Delaney, J. P., XVL Delanglez, J., XVII(2)C Dellinger, S. C., IV(a) Dennis, W., IV(a) Deruisseau, L. G., 50 D'Esaguy, A., XIX(1)D Descourtilz, M. E., XIX(1)C Dickinson, H. M., XVIII(2)B Dingemans, H., XI(2) Dinze, 0. V., 20 Dixon, P., 1 Doe, J., XVI(2)D Dolger, F., X(2) Doran, M., XVI(2)C Dow, R. S., XVII(2)D Downie, R. A., XX E Drake, Sir F., XVI(2)C Draper, J. W., XVI(2)E Drennan, M. R., XIX(2)C

Drogendijk, A. C., 51 Dufour, L., XIX(2)B, 32, 40 Dumas, G., XVIII(1)E Dunning, T. P., XIV(2) Dunthorne, G., 28 Duyvendak, J. J. L., XV(1)

Eckman, J., XIX(2)D Eddington, Sir A., 18 Edelstein, L., IV(1)B.C. Einstein, A., 18, 24 Eis, G., XIII(2) Engbring, G. M., XII(2) Englert, L., XVI(1)D Enriques, F., 4 Erhardt, R. von, IX(2) Erhardt-Siebold, E. von, IX(2) Esclangon, E., 22 Esser, A. A. M., I Ettlinger, H. J., 20 Evans, G. H., XVI(2)D Evans-Pritchard, E. E., IV(c) Ewart, A. J., XX C Eydoux, H. P., 31

Fabry, C., XIX(2)B Farber, E., 25 Fang, C. Y., 10 Farmer, H. E., XVIII(2)D Farrington, B., 1 Fei, H. T., 10 Fellman, A., XII(1) Fernandez, 0. C., 36 Ferran, C., XVIII(1)D Ferrario, A., XX E Ferreira, E., 31 Filon, L. N. G., XX B Firth, R., IV(b) Fischer, M., XX D Fischer, M. H., XX C Fletcher, H. G., jr., XIX(1)B Flexner, H. T., XIX(2)D Fontoura Da Costa, A., XVI(1)C Foreman, G., XIX(2)C Fortes, M., IV(c) Foster, Sir W., XVII(1)C Franke, O., XVI(2)E Frankfort, H., 3 Frazer, Sir J. G., IV(a) Frechet, M., 21 Friedenwald, J., 50 Friedman, H. B., 25 Friedman, R., 51 Frost, B., XVI(2)E

175



Index of Authors

Fuchs, W., 8, 10 Fulchignoni, E., XVII(2)C

Galdston, I., 50 Galvani, L., XVIII(2)B Garcia Gomez, E., X(2) Gardner, C. S., 10 Gask, G. E., 4 Gaskin, L. J. P., XIX(1)C, 35 Gason, P., XVII(1)B Gaspardone, E., 11 Gaudefroy-Demombynes, 14 Geiringer, H., 21 Gerlitt, J., 51 Gibson, J. E., XVIII(2)D Gilbert, A. H., XVI(1)E Gilbert, K. E., 45 Gimlette, J. D., 8 Giordano, D., XVI(1)D, XIX(1)D Gipson, L. H., XVIII(1)C Gleichen-Russwurm, A. Freiherr von, 50 Glidden, H. W., 28 Godeaux, L., 20 Golding, L. T., XVI(2)E Goldschmidt, R., 27 Goldsmith, M., 28 Goldstein, K., 37 Gombrich, E., 45 Gonseth, F., 18 Goodenough, E. R., I(1) Goodman, N., 19 Goodrich, L. C., 8 (Goodrich collection), XIX(1)B Gordis, R., 12 Gossen, H., III(1) Grabig, H., 6 Graham, H., 50 Graubard, M., 43 Gray, J. M., IV(c) Greenlee, W. B., XVI(1)C Griaule, M., IV(c) Guillaume, P., 37 Gumpert, M., XIX(2)E Gutierrez, A., 34

Halcro-Johnston, J., 20 Haldane, J. B. S., 17, 18 Hale, G. E., XX B Hall, M. C., 18 Halsted, W. S., XIX(2)D Hambly, W. D., IV(b) Haner, G., XX D Hansen, M. L., 44 Harper, F., XVIII(2)C, XX C, 29

Harrar, J. A., 52 Harris, L. J., 36 Harris, R. L., 12 Harrison, G. R., 24 Harvey, E. N., 36 Haskins, C. H., 6 Hawkes, C. F. C., 39 Hay, C. L., IV(a) Haynes, W., 25 Hayward, E., 41 Heaton, C. E., IV(a) Heim, A., XX C Heindel, R. H., 16 Hellinga, G., 52 Hennepin, L., XVII(2)E Hertzler, A. E., XX D Hesselmann, E., 51 Heurtley, W. A., 39 Hey, M. H., 33 Heyworth-Dunne, J., 2, 14 Hiesey, W. M., 28 Hilgard, E. R., 37 Hinks, A. R., XIX(1)C (Hippocrates), V B.C. Hirsh, J., 51 Hoff, C. G., 36 Hoff, J. J., 36 Hogben, L., 18, 27 Holdsworth, W., 43 Holmes, T. J., XVII(2)E Hooton, E. A., 35 Horine, E. F., XIX(2)D Hornaday, C. L., XVIII(2)E Hort, G., XIV(2) Horwood, M. P., 27 Hubert, R., 44 Humbert, P., XVII(1)B, 23 Hume, E. E., XIX(1)B Hummel, A. W., 10 Hurwitz, S., XVI(1)E Hutchinson, A., XX C Hutton, J. H., 40, 41 Huxley, J. S., 17, 27, 43

Infeld, L., 24 Ingrassia, G. F., XVI(2)D Isager, K., 6 Iversen, E., 2

Jackson, D. C., 26 Jackson, J. H., XIX(2)D Jacobsen, J. V., XVI(1)E Jaeger, W., IV(2)B.C. Jarcho, S., XVI(1)D

176



Index of Authors

Jenkins, R., XVI(1)B, 26 Johansson, E., XVI(2)D (John the Scot), IX(2) Jones, C. L., IV(a) Jones, H. S., 23 Jones, H. W., XVII(2)D Jones, M. G., XVIII(1)E Jurji, E. J., XII(2)

Kagan, S. R., 12 Kalimullah Husaini, Q. S., XII(2) Kallen, H. M., 18 Kammerer, A., XVI(1)C Karpinski, A. P., XIX(2)C Karpinski, L. C., 20 Katz, S., 12 Keck, D. D., 28 Keller, R., 34 Kelly, E. C., IX(2) Kelly, T. R., 18 Kendall, J., 25 Khan, M. A. R., 23 Kimball, S. T., 43 King, H. C., XVIII(1)B, 24 Klebs, A. C., XV(2) Klibansky, R., IV(1)B.C., 6 Klineberg, 0., 43 Klotz, E. L., 56 [Kloyda] Sister M. T. a K., XVIII(1)A Knowles, N., IV(a) Koyre, A., XVII(1)B Krachkovski, I., XI(2) Krantz, J. C., jr., XVIII(2)D Kraus, M., XVIII(1)D Kris, E., 45 Kristeller, P. O., XV(2) Krogman, W. M., 39 Kuhn, H., 45 Kuno, Y. S., 11

Laboulle, M. J., XVIII(2)A Lagrange, E., XIX(2)D Lamotte, E., IV(1) Landau, M., X(2), 12 Landsberger, B., 3 Lane, F. C., XVI(2)E Langer, S. K., 19 Langer, W. L., 44 Langton, H. H., XIX(2)B Larcher, J. das N., 26 Larmor, Sir J., XIX(2)B Lastres, J. B., 50, 51 Laurentius, A., XVI(2)D Lavalle, C. R., 51

Law, B. C., VI B.C., 9 Leach, E. R., 14 Leikind, M. C., IV(a), 51 Leonard, H. S., 19 Levene, C. M., XIX(2)C Levi-Provencal, E., 14 Levy, H., 18 Lewin, W., XIX(1)B Lewis, E., 29 Lewkowitz, A., 12 Liebermann, S., 12 Lilge, F., 54 Lillico, J., 40 (Linnaeus), XVIII(1)C Linton, R.(ed.), IV(a) Lippmann, E. 0. von, XIII(1), XIX(1)C Lockwood, D. P., XV(1) Loenertz, R., XIV(1) Long, E. R., 51 Lote, G., XVI(1)E Lowie, R. H., 35 Lownes, A. E., XVII(2)C Lubbock, S. G., XX E Luck, J. M., 27 Lufkin, A. W., 50 Luyet, B. J., XIX(1)C Lythe, S. G. E., XIX(1)C

Macht, D. I., XX D Mackenzie, A. M., 44 Madariaga, S. de, XV(2) Mair, J., XVI(1)E Malengreau, J., 20 Malfitano, G., 18 Mannheim, K., 43 Mantell, G., XIX(1)C Marafi6n, G., 50 Marquis, D. G., 37 Marsh, J. E., XX B Marshall, H. E., XIX(2)D Martin, L., XIX(1)C Marx, E., 36 Maryon, H., 39 Masson, Sir D. O., XX B Matschoss, C., 26 Maurice, Sir F., XX E Mayrick, E., XX C Mazzini, G., XVI(2)D McBryde, F. W., XVI(1)D McCarty, A. C., XIX(2)D McColley, G., XVII(1)B McConnell, A. J., XIX(1)A McDaniel, W. B. 2d, XV(2), XVI(1)D McKie, A. B., XX D

177



Index of Authors

Mead, K. C. H., XVI(1)E (Medical education), 52 Meier, A., XIX(1)D Mellor, J. W., XX B Mendelsohn, C. J., XVI(1)A, XVI(2)A Mercer, S. A. B., 2 Mercier, R., XVIII(2)D Metz, R., 48 Mieli, A., 16 Millas Vallicrosa, J. M., XI(1), XII(l) Miller, G. A., 20 Miller, H., 44 Mishra, U., 9 Mitman, C. W., XIX(1)B Moeller, E., XVL Molinery, P., 52 Mond, Sir R., XX B, 2 Montagu, M. F. A., 35 Monteiro, A. C., XVIII(1)E Mookerji, R. K., 9 Moreno, N. B., 51 Moreux, T., 2 Morison, S. E., XV(2) Morrison, S., 50 Mossotti, 0. F., XIX(1)B Moule, A. C., XIII(2), 28 Mouy, P., XVII(2)B Mozley, J. F., XVI(1)E Muir, J. R., XVIII(2)C Mullett, C. F., 53 Mullie, J., XJIII(l) Muntner, S., XII(2), 12 Murray, G. W., 2 Musser, R., XVIII(2)D Myers, 0. H., 2 Myrdal, G., 43

(National Archives of the USA), 56 Nemoy, L., X(1) Neustatter, O., 12 Noble, H. J., 26 Nuttall, G. H. F., XX C Nyberg, H. S., 13

Oboukhoff, N. M., 26 O'Brien, T. P., IV(C) Oderwald, J., XIX(1)D, 1 Odlozillk, O., XVI(2)E Okamoto, Y., XVI(1)C Olmsted, J. M. D., XVIII(2)D, XIX(1)D Oman, Sir C., XVI(1)B Oosterhuis, R. A. B., XVII(1)E,

XVIII(1)D, XVIII(2)D Osborn, F., 43

(Osiris, vol. 7), 16 Osler, Sir W., XIX(2)D

Pack, G. T., XIX(2)D Packard, F. R., 50, 52 Pacotte, J., 18 Paoli, H. J., XVII(1)C Pardal, R., IV(a) Parsons, R. H., XIX(2)B Pasquier, E., XVII(2)E Passemard, L., 39 Pasteur, L., XIX(2)D Pazzini, A., 32, 50 Pearl, R., 21 Pearson, L., 4 Peattie, D. C., XIX(1)C Pellegrini, F., XVI(1)D Penning, C. P. J., XVIII(1)D Percival, G., IV(2)B.C. Perkin, A. G., XX B Pfizenmayer, E. W., XX C Pflaum, H., XIV(1) (Philosophy research), 48 Pimpao, A. J. da C., XV(1) Pohlenz, M., V B.C. Poole, S. P., IV(a) Potratz, H. A., 3 Power, D'A., XVII(1)D, 50 Prantl, C. von, 19 Pratt, F., 20 Prawdin, M., 8 Prentice, W. K., 4 Price, W. A., 36 Prior, G. T., 33 Pugsley, A. J., 33 Purcell, V., 10

Rabinowitz, L., 12 Raistrick, A., XVIII(1)B Ramsbottom, J., XVIIII(1)D Rand, E. K., 6 Randall, J. H., Jr., 18 Read, C., 44 Read, H. H., 32 Reason, H. A., 16 Reckless, W. C., 43 Reddaway, T. F., XVII(2)B Reddy, D. V. S., XVII(2)E, 9 Reichenbach, H., 21 Reidemeister, K., 4 Reis, R. A., XIX(1)D Reischauer, E. O., 10, 11 Reischauer, R. K., 11 Remusat, A., 10

178



Index of Authors

Renaud, H. P. J., 14 Rendle, A. B., XX C Reynolds, P. K., 10 Richards, J. C., X(2) Riesman, D., XIX(2)D, 50, 51 Rigal, J., 50 Robertson, C. C., 12 Robinson, H., 26 Robson, J., 14 Roffo, A. H., 51 Rohr, C. von, XVI(1)C Rolleston, Sir H., XVII(2)D, 51 Rooseboom, M., XVIII(2)C Rosen, G., 50 Rosenblatt, S., XIII(1) Ross, A. S. C., 9 Ross, J., XIX(1)C Rouse, I., IV(a) Rowlette, R. J., 50 (Royal Geographical Society), XX C Russell, W. F., jr., 29

Sagui, C. L., 32 Salonen, A., 3 Samaha, A. H., VII(l) Santillana, G. de, 4 Sarkissian, A. O., V(1) Sarton, G., 16 Scalinci, N., 1(1) Scheffey, L. C., 50 Schierbeek, A., IV(2)B.C., XVII(2)C Schneider, A. M., 7 Schoeps, H. J., 12 Schott, G. A., XX B Schoute, D., XIX(1)D Schuchardt, H. E., XX D, Schuchert, C., XIX(2)C Schumacher, J., 6 Scott, E. K., XVIII(2)B Scott, P., 29 (Scripta mathematica lectures), 20 Seibert, H., 50 Selga, M. (S.J.), 32 Sethe, K., 2 Seyfarth, E., 52 Sherrington, Sir C., XX D Shotwell, J. T., 44 Sigerist, H. E., 50 Silvette, H., XVI(2)E Simsar, M. A., 14 Sivadjian, J., 48 Smirnova, 0. K., 32 Smith, C. S., XVI(1)B Smith, E. C., XIX(1)B

Smith, Sir G. E., XX C Smith, J. H. C., 27 Smith, K. M., 28 Snyder, E. E., 27 Solomon, A. K., 24 Spies, O., IX(1), XII(2) Starr, J., 7 Steuer, R. O., 2 Stevenson, I., XVIII(2)D Stewart, T. D., IV(a) Steinhaus, H., 20 Stillwell, M. B., XV(2) Stokar, W. von, 39 Stratton, F. J. M., XVII(1)B Strong, W. D., IV(a) Sturm, J., XVI(2)E Swanton, J. H., 35 Synge, J. L., XIX(1)B

Talas, A., 14 Tallmadge, G. K., IV(1)B.C., 48 Tarn, W. W., 4 Taviani, S., XVL Taylor, A. C., XVIII(2)C Taylor, E. G. R., XVII(2)C Taylor, L. W., 17, 24 Temkin, O., XIII(2) Teng, S., 10 Tergolina, U., 16 Testi, G., XIX(1)D Thaer, C., III(1)B.C., 1I(1) Thomas, A. S., 6 Thomas, H., XVI(1)C Thomas, H. L., 23 Thompson, L. G., XIX(2)B Thomson, S. C., 34 Thomson, S. H., XIII(1), 6 Thorington, J. M., XVIII(2)D Thorndike, L., 6 Thornley, I. D., 6 Thornton, J. L., 56 Thureau-Dangin, F., 3 Thursfield, H., XVIII(2)D Thurston, A. P., XVIII(2)B Tillett, A. W., XIX(2)E Tory, H. M., 16 Townsend, E. W., XVIII(2)D Toy, S., 26 Trend, J. B., XV(2) (Turk Hekimleri Jiibilesi), XIX(2)D Tutton, A. E. H., XX B

tnver, A. S., V B.C., IX(2), XI(1), XV(2), XVI(1)D, XIX(1)D, 14, 52

179



Index of Authors

Uludag, O. S., 50 Umeruddin, M. A., XI(2), XII(2)

Valdes, G. di, XVI(1)E Van Buren, E. D., 3 Van der Hoeven, J., XIX(1)D Van Gils, J. B. F., 50 Vasubandhu, IV(1) Veazie, W. B., XIII() Veendorp, H., 28 Victor, R. G., XVIII(2)D Viets, H. R., XVIII(I)E Villoslada, R. G., XVI(1)E Vincent, A., 12 Villehardouin, XIII(1) Vollgraff, J. A., XVII(2)B

Waddington, C. H., 27 Wade, I. O., XVIII(1)E Wailes, R., 26 Wainwright, G. A., 2 Wakefield, E. G., IV(a) Walton, R. P., 28 Washburn, F. A., 52 Webster, K. G. T., XII(2) Weeks, M. E., XIX(1)B Weiershausen, P., 32 Welch, S. R., XV(2) Wensinck, A. J., 14 Werkmeister, W. H., 18 Westgate, L. G., 32 Wheeler, L. R., 27 Whipple, R. S., 26

White, L., Jr., 6 White, W., XIX(2)D Wiener, P. P., XVII(2)E Wilbur, R. L., 50 Wildes, H. E., 11 Wilkes, C., XIX(1)C Williams, C. H., 44 Williamson, J. A., XV(2) Wilson, T. G., XVIII(1)D Wilson, W. J., XV(92) Windle, W. F., 36 Winlock, H. E., 2 Winstanley; D. A., XIX(1)E Winters, R. L., XVI(1)E Wolff, H. F., 2 Wolff, W., IV(a) Wolfson, H. A., XVII(2)E Won Kenn, 2 Wood, S., XVIII(1)D Woodhouse, H., IV(a) Woodruff, L. L., 27 Woodworth, R. S., 37 Wootton, F., XVII(1)B

Yasser, J., 6 Youn, L. E. sou, 8 Young, H., XX D

Zacharias, M., 20 Zimmermann, W., 53 Zinner, E., XIX(2)B, 23 Ztino, M., XVI(2)B

180

