Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Kazakhstan

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Paris – February 3-4, 2014

GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SYR GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SYR DARYA TRANSBOUNDARY BASINDARYA TRANSBOUNDARY BASIN

REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

NATIONAL BASIC SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF Groundwater IN THE BASIN OF THE SYR DARYA RIVER.

Groundwater ResourcesGroundwater in the country are extremely diverse in their chemical composition and the taste, mode of occurrence, movement and flowing. Two hydrodynamic zones are identified in the vertical geological layer.

1. The upper one is characterised with relatively low (up to 200-300 m) capacity, active water exchange and preferential development of fresh Groundwater of a good quality.

2. The lower layer, covering deep horizons of artesian basins, with complicated water exchange. On this level salty and brine Groundwater with mineralization up to 400 g/dm3 are common. The capacity of the zone is up to several kilometers.

Groundwater Resources

Under geo-morphological features the Syr Darya basin includes two broad areas - mountains and plains.•There are fracture and fissure-poral freshwaters everywhere in mountainous areas. The chemical composition of Groundwater makes hydro carbonate and calcium with mineralization up to 1 g/dm3. •Plain areas are characterised with quite diverse hydro-geological conditions.

Scheme of the Fresh Groundwater resources locations in SyrDarya Basin

Groundwater Resources, thousand м3/days

River basin Projected Proven reserves

Syr Darya 9806 (19,1%) 3401,1 (41,3%)

Total in RT 51226 8236,2

Use of Groundwater, mln.м3/year

River basins Groundwater Mining water

Syr Darya 241,95 3,21

Total 793,63 3,24

Mineral healing waters

Tajikistan is rich with various mineral healing waters which are divided into seven main balneological groups:

•Waters without “specific” components and qualities•Carbon dioxide•sulphuorus•Chalybeate •Iodide and bromine•Radon•Siliceous therms.

Mineral healing waters

Within the basin of the Syr Darya river only three types of mineral healing waters are represented:•Waters without “specific” components and qualities (Kansai, Shurab, Havatag)•Sulphurous (Obishifo)•Radon (Taboshar, Adrasman, Kaftarhon, Chashma)

Thermal waters

• In Tajikistan 35 deposits and occurrences of thermal waters are identified, and only one is within the Syr Darya river basin:

• Havatag with water temperature 41°С

Industrial watersDepending on a set of industrial micro components eight associations are identified:•Iodine•Bromine•Lithia carrying•Iodine - Bromine•Iodine-bromine – Lithium carrying•Iodine – Lithium – Rubidium carrying•Iodine – Lithium – Rubidium – Caesium carrying •Iodine – Lithium – Rubidium – Caesium - Strontium carrying

Industrial waters

Within the Sogd oblast in Tajikistan one iodine Industry association is identified.

Quality of Groundwater

Name of the deposit

Depth, mName of

ingredients with recorded increased

content

Sum of concentration ratio

Index of contaminationTesting

Increased content of ingredients

Golodnostepskoe 128 Up to 26 Mineralization, stiffness, sulphates

3,4-3,5 2

Lyakkatskoe 154 Up to 30 Mineralization, stiffness, sulphates

4,4-4,5 2

Nauskoe 122 Up to 78 Mineralization, stiffness, sulphates

2,3-2,5 2

Kanibadamskoe 100 Up to 20Up to 36Up to 46Up to 60

Mineralization, stiffness, sulphates, chlorides

12,1-14,16,4-6,65,74,3

3222

Ispharinskoe 100 Up to 7Up to 10Up to 25Up to 31Up to 48Up to 96

Mineralization, stiffness, sulphates

12,46,9-7,51,3-2,73,7-4,71,11,4

321211

Shahristanskoe 85 Not marked

Quality of Groundwater

Name of the deposit

Depth, mName of

ingredients with increased

content

Sum of concentration

ratio

Index of contaminationTesting

Increased content of ingredients

Dalverzin 164 Not marked

Mirzaravat 206Up to 23Up to 62

Mineralization, stiffness, sulphates

2,24,7-5,8

12

Syrdariya 68Up to 32Up to 41Up to 68

Mineralization, stiffness, sulphates

1,4-4,16,2-8,03,3-3,6

1-222

Samgar 74Up to 25Up to 30

Mineralization, stiffness, sulphates

3,49,7-10,0

22

Kamyshkurgan 120Up to 22Up to 56

Mineralization, stiffness,

sulphates, chlorides

11,0-11,53,2-3,4

32

Reasons for Groundwater contamination

• Deterioration of the quality of surface waters used for irrigation, as a result water mineralization of Syr Darya, increased from 0.7 to 1.4-1.6 g/dm3;

• Lack of reliable isolation of an upper water carrying horizon

• Fertilisation and processing of crops with pesticides;• Numerous defects of the canalization network and its

full absence in settlements• Untreated waste water discharge to fields under

irrigation• Lack of the zone under sanitary protection

Legislative framework

Groundwater are managed based on the following legislative acts:•Water code•The Law “On Nature Protection” •The Law on Subsurface Resources•Tax Code

Legislative framework (continued)

1. Regulation on delimitation of authorities of specially designated state bodies on controlling the use and protection of waters

2. On the procedure for state water cadastre maintenance

3. The procedure for execution, registration and issuance of permissions for water use on special conditions

Legislative framework (continued)

4. The procedure for encouraging water users, performing socially useful measures for the rational use and protection of waters

5. The procedure for recognition of water units as monuments of nature and culture

6. The procedure for use of Groundwater, not attributed to drinking or healing waters

Legislative framework (continued)

7. The procedure for identification of water ways as a category of navigable waters and the rules for their operation

8. The procedure for use of water units for fishery

9. The rules for use of water units for power industry

Legislative framework (continued)

10. The regulation on the procedure for state recording and state registration of works on subsurface geology research for extraction of natural resources and for the purposes not related to their extraction.

11. The procedure for submission of reports to the government by enterprises, which explore natural resource fields and extract them.

Legislative framework (continued)

12. The procedure for signing subsurface use contracts 13. The procedure for determination of royalty rates in

signing mining contracts, the procedure for bonus calculation, the procedure for determining an internal rate of return, and the procedure for the tax expertise of subsurface use contracts.

14. The procedure for specific terms of licensing of certain types of activities

Transboundary aspects of management and use of Groundwater

Number in the scheme

Name of the transboundary site

Direction of flow of Groundwater

1 Zafarobod TJ-UZ-TJ-UZ 2 Dalverzin TJ-UZ 3 Nau-Kostakoz KG-TJ 4 Isfara-Lyakkan KG-TJ-UZ 5 Kanibadam UZ-TJ

4

2

31

5

Name of potential transboundary sites

1. Zafarobod

2. Dalverzin

3. Nau-Kostakoz

4. Isfara-Lyakkan

5. Kanibadam

Scheme of Transboundary areas where connection of Groundwater in the SyrDarya Basin

Monitoring of Groundwater

The following organizations carry out monitoring of Groundwater: •Chief directorate on geology•Melioration and irrigation agency•Environment Protection Committee

Current problems

• Potential threat to purity of Groundwater and environment resulted from filtration of irrigation and drainage discharges.

• De-scoping of groundwater monitoring due to economic difficulties. Therefore, it is very difficult to assess the use of Groundwater and factors of pressure on transboundary aquifers.

Current problems (continued)

• Lack of the single monitoring methodology for Groundwater, absence of information exchange.

• The Water code and the Law “On subsurface" are not sufficiently interlinked in terms of distribution of authorities, management, research, use and protection of Groundwater.

• No comments to the Water Code.

Current problems (continued)

• Lack of qualified personnel• Lack of target financing of activities relating to

maintenance of the state water cadaster• Lack of modern distance methods on

monitoring of Groundwater

Recommended activities

• Development of the general scheme of using fresh drinking, mineral, healing waters along with setting up an appropriate infrastructure and taking measures for environment protection.

• Development, approval and issuance of the state standard norm (GOST) "Geology. Basic terms and definitions”, that will help better understand legislation on natural resources and environment protection.

• Development of the national strategy of the use and protection of Groundwater.

• Arranging researches of all complex issues of formation and use of Groundwater, including cross-border outstretch.

Recommended activities (continued)

• Improving statutory regulation in the sphere of Groundwater.

• Development of provisions on the procedure for the state monitoring of subsurface in RT, including the subsystem - “monitoring of Groundwater”.

• Refining of the state system of prevention and elimination of emergencies with the functional subsystem of the state monitoring of subsurface resources, taking into account Groundwater.

Recommended activities (continued)

• Re-valuation of operating reserves of Groundwater– Why it is recommended to revaluate reserves of

Groundwater

• Contamination of Groundwater on mineralization, stiffness, content of sulphates and chlorides.

• Expiry of the period of the exploitation of Groundwater

• Increasing the depth of the operated aquifer up to 150-200 m.

Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Kazakhstan

PROJECT PREPARATION PHASEPROJECT PREPARATION PHASEINCEPTION MEETINGINCEPTION MEETING

Paris – February 3-4, 2014

GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SYR DARYA TRANSBOUNDARY BASINGROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SYR DARYA TRANSBOUNDARY BASIN

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