sioros presentation _
TRANSCRIPT
Syncopation as transformation
Syncopation as transformationDoctoral ProposalDigital Media University of PortoGeorge Sioros February 2013
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OutlineObjectivesRhythm perceptionMeterSyncopationSyncopation as TransformationMain hypothesisA few examples Possible applicationsMusic SoftwareRhythm Generation + AnalysisWork + Plan
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ObjectivesModel syncopation as a set of transformationsImplement the transformations as a library of Max/MSP externalsDevelop music software that will assist musicians in creatively exploring syncopation
straightsyncopated
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Syncopation and rhythm perception
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SyncopationDefinition of the Harvard Dictionary of Music:A momentary contradiction of the prevailing meter or pulse.it occurs when we least expect it!!! METERMemoryExpectationsSyncopation and rhythm perception
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From Sound to CategoriesIOIscategoriesmusical notationOnsetsssssLss
SoundSyncopation and rhythm perception
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MeterPeriodic Grouping
Syncopation and rhythm perceptionHierarchical Structure of Pulses
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The beat and its subdivisiontactus~600ms
~1800ms~250msPulse Sensations
~100msSubdivisionsSyncopation and rhythm perception(Justin London Hearing in Time)
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Meter as expectationSyncopation and rhythm perception
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Syncopation: WHEN not expected
Syncopation and rhythm perceptionDavid Huron:Syncopation never annihilates meter; pulse and meter are always preserved
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David Hurons definition of SyncopationA certain class of violation of expectationAn event in a weak position is not properly bound to an event in a strong positionSyncopation and rhythm perception
X
Xsyncopationpatternfeelingexpected
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A temporary mismatch of the phenomenal and metrical accents.Non proper binding of weak to strong phenomenal accentsMy operational definition of Syncopation
Syncopation and rhythm perceptionpattern
syncopationfeelingexpected
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Syncopation measuresHurons Lacunas (2006)Longuet-Higgins Lee (1984)Keiths pattern matching (1991)Weighted note to beat Distance (2005)Syncopation and rhythm perception
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Syncopation measuresHurons LacunasLonguet-Higgins and LeeKeiths pattern matchingWeighted note to beat DistanceSyncopation and rhythm perception
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Syncopation measuresHurons LacunasLonguet-Higgins and LeeKeiths pattern matchingWeighted note to beat DistanceSyncopation and rhythm perceptionHesitationAnticipationSyncopation123
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Syncopation measuresHurons LacunasLonguet-Higgins and LeeKeiths pattern matchingWeighted note to beat DistanceSyncopation and rhythm perceptionHesitationAnticipationSyncopation0.50.51.2
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David Temperley: syncopation in Rock
Syncopation and rhythm perception
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SYNCOPATION AS TRANSFORMATION
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Basic HypothesisAny syncopated rhythm can be de-syncopated using a certain set of transformations that are reversibleConversely, we can create any syncopated rhythm starting from a certain non-syncopating sequence and applying a limited number of transformationsEach syncopated sequence has a single non-syncopating counterpart.Any sequence
has its ROOTSyncopation as transformation
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A simple example
Syncopation as transformation
ROOT
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A simple exampleSyncopation as transformation
ROOT
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what is the difference from the previous?A Shorter Displacement in timeBUT what happens at the metrical hierarchy?Syncopation as transformation
ROOT
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Hypothesis + QuestionSyncopation as transformation
Syncopation shifts the emphasis from the DOWN-beat to the UP-beat part of a pulse
ROOTIs it relevant that the event belongs to an even slower level?
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A bit more complex exampleSyncopation as transformation
ROOT
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Another simple example
Syncopation as transformation
ROOT
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Transformations in practiceJaco Pastorius: Come on Come over!
OriginalDe-syncopated / ROOT(re)syncopatedSyncopation as transformation
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The tree of rhythm and the musical forestSyncopation as transformation
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Views of the transformationsShifting of events and phenomenal accentsTime stretching / shrinkingPhase modulationAmplitude modulationDe-syncopating: adaptively quantizing
Syncopation as transformation
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ApplicationsMusical applications:Generation of rhythmsAnalysis of musical passagesBridging the processes of generation and analysisResearch:Research about syncopationAnalysis and statistical processing of large number of musical passagesMusic cognition experiments about syncopationListening experiments can be more musical
Syncopation as transformation
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SOFTWAREA few examples
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GenerationStochastic rhythm generator
The syncopation knob
probabilities + rulesROOTSsyncopated patterns with variationstochasticallygenerated
user patternrootRe-syncopatedcontrolledtransformationsSoftware applications
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AnalysisGet information about the syncopation in a music passagebeyond the amount of syncopation: the what and how Automatic analysis and processing of whole corpora of musicLabel events in a rhythmic sequence according to the transformations they have undergoneTransform: Anticipated eOriginal Metrical Level hTransform: Anticipated sOriginal Metrical Level qSoftware applications
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Generation and Analysis BridgedSyncopation ROOTS / Generation - AnalysisGenerate new music from existing musicCreate variations of existing musicUse the analysis from one passage to transform another passageControl effectively other properties of a rhythmic sequence like the density of events
Software applications
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Work + plan
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What needs to be doneFormalize the transformationsEvaluate themDefine a complete set of transformationsCreate computer algorithms for each one of themImplement the algorithms as Max/MSP externalsBuild musical applicationsWork plan
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What has been donePreliminary Transformations of binary rhythmsAre being used in Music Cognition experiments about groovePreliminary transformation externalsPreliminary Max4Live devices
Work plan
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How to continueComplete a set of transformations for Binary rhythmsInclude dynamic accents (or other phenomenal accents)Analyze music and use existing analyses to get inspired Evaluate the developed transformations against human judgments through listening and taping experimentsMathematical proof Feedback from musicians about the music applications
Work plan
#discussion
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