single party states what you need to know

7/31/2019 Single Party States What You Need to Know

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Single party states


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Origins and development

The single party states is a phenomenon of the 20thcentury.

Absolute monarchies virtually disappear in the19th century.

Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, Cuba and China areexamples of these kind of states


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The nature of single party states

They rose up due to:

War, economic collapse, religious or ethnic strife,deep social divisions and class conflicts.

Authoritarians states established themselves by:Imposing their ideology, suppressing other politicalparties legally or by force and eliminating institutions.


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Source A and B questions

Why do Friedrich and Brzezinsky say that they cannotexplain the rise of totalitarian dictatorships?

Because those leaders seen as totalitarians werehumanists and religious, they never meanttotalitarian regimes. To call Marx, Hegel, Engels andLuther totalitarians is to distort historical facts.

Is it necessary for a crisis to exist for a single-party state toemerge?

Single party states are crisis states. They havearisen during times of conflict, confusion, division,economic collapse.

What are the common traits of totalitarian states? An elaborate ideology. A single-mass party led by

one leader. A terror system: physical orpsychological. Monopoly of communication means.Monopoly of weapons. Central control of the


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The rise to power

Single-states have emerged in all continents

Have influenced greatly international affairs

Have caused crisis of all sort: military, economicaland social.


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The leader

Physical appearance; intelligence; public speaking;charisma; ability to gain support; evidence of heroism; motivated to success.

They have loyal subordinates: Goebbels (Hitler) or Trotsky (Lenin)

They expand their public image by taking politicalaction: Hitler rebelled against the Weimargovernment at the Munich Putsch. Castro rebelledagainst Batista at the Moncada assault.


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Ideology and political platform

Ideology are the principles and the vision that theleader follows and promotes.

Political platform are concrete programs, policies andactions.Peace, land and bread

These slogans are atractive and easy to remember.


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The most important thing a leader cando

Is to translate his ideology into a practical policy usedas political platform .


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Is to translate his ideology into a practical policy usedas political platform : NEP (New Economic Policy).


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Is to translate his ideology into a practical policy usedas political platform : Mao land reform


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Source A and B and C questions

What personal qualities about Hitler and Castro arerevealed in source Sources A and B? Hitler appears courageous, defiant and appealing.

He appeals to the eternal court as opposed to thecurrent court where he was standing trial byhighlighting his patriotism and that of his soldiers.

Hitler appears common, like one of us.

Castro looks charismatic like a savior who promiseto people, a better life after Batista was gone.

Would these speeches be effective in attracting support ? Yes, they present themselves as heroes and touched

peoples feelings by making promises of change intheir benefit.


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Source A and B and C questions

How would the sentiments stated in Source C affect thepublic image of Hitler? Is there a possibility that this wouldhave a negative impact?

No. People like heroes, men willing to sacrifice theirown self-interest for the sake of the largest group.Men who have given their whole heart to thefatherland. Men not interested in their self-advancement.

People like people like them: a soldier, a worker

Hitler appears common, like one of us.


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Policies and political platform features

Design of political programs to address the needs of a large number of people. Policies that brings relief to the nations problems. Use of slogans to increase the leaders popularity. Actions that make the leader appear as the savior

of the nation. Ability to solve crisis with specific solutions


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Sources A and B questions pg. 333

Compare the platform of Fidel Castro and Mussolini. Whatis the most significant difference?

Castros platform is very specific as it showsconcrete programs and policies directed towardsmost people in number and need:

Expropriating excess land Improving swamplands Reforestation Given land to rural families Promoting cooperatives of farmers Lowering housing rent by 50% Tripling the taxes on houses build to rent

Mussolinis platform is general, it doesnt translateinto specific programs. He even says that there aretoo many programs and that his agenda is men and


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Sources A and B questions pg. 333

Which one is more appealing? Castros , for the facts indicated before.

What does this document suggest is the main strength of Mussolini and his partys platform?

Men and will-power. A state that doesnt represent apolitical party but to the whole nation.


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Sources A and B and C questions pg.334

What do these documents tell us about makingpropaganda effective?

Effective propaganda is the one that reaches themasses. Propagandists are to use means that areinteresting, appealing, instructive. They should knowwhat mean is the more effective. In Goebbels time,the radio.

How do they show the importance of the media as adelivery system?

The media can make a huge difference on theperception of a leader. For example, when the New

York Times reported presented Castro as a hero andhis rebels as strong Cubans. So, the media is highkyimportant as a delivery system.


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Delivering the message. Strategies totake power by Domnica Bucheli

One people, one

nation, one leaderMake the lie big,make it simple, keepsaying it, andeventually they willbelieve it

He alone, who owns

the youth, gains thefuture.

Hitler

SHORT SLOGANSAND PHRASES


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Delivering the message. Strategies totake power by Domnica Bucheli

Mussolini

SHORT SLOGANSAND PHRASES

"to believe, to obey,to combat

All within the state,nothing outside thestate, nothing against

the state.Democracy isbeautiful in theory; inpractice it is a fallacy


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Delivering the message: Colored flags,uniforms by Emi Alarcn

Nazi Flags: The colors as representing theideology of National Socialism, whiterepresenting Aryan racial purity; and red

representing the socialist agenda of themovement.


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Delivering the message: posters by EmiAlarcn

The Nazi Partys Central Propaganda Officeproduced a weekly poster with a quotationthat could be displayed in party offices,

public buildings, etc. They were part of thevisual face of the Third Reich.


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Delivering the message: music andsongs by Isabella Zuquilanda

"Das Lied der Deutschen " thenational anthem of democraticGermany in 1922, but after 1930 theNazis commonly appended the"Horst-Wessel-Lied" to it."Die Wacht am Rhein ", which isfamous from a scene of the 1941movie Casablanca was at that timealmost 100 years old.

" "
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_Lied_der_Deutschenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Wacht_am_Rheinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Wacht_am_Rheinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_Lied_der_Deutschen


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Modern communicationtech by Santiago Pozo

Nazis had control of all mediums at that time, such asRadio and TV and public speeches.Hitler speeches, really strong and convincingRadio was the most important medium they had becauseeveryone could hear it from their homes.Important to gain and mantain power

First TV, in 1935, usd by the Nazis.


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young families by

Santiago Pozo The word families were officially to parents with 4 kids ormoreChildren can be taken away to live alone if their parentsdid not give them a political Reliable home.Marriage and divorce increased dramatically during thesetimesUnemployment grew, which affected families draticallyUnmarried mothers received support from the NazisMore sperataed family, husbands worked every night.


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young families by Julian

BakerPinochet once in power controlledthe nation therefore he controlledthe education which lead to hisability to brainwash the youngminds.

Therefore many youths became

acquainted with his ideas and hegained a large support from theyouth in some aspectIn the governments that this occuredthe most in was in Hitlers campaign.


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young families by Julian

Baker


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The elimination of theopposition

The Enabling ActIs legislation that

authorizes a government to take

certain immediate actions.By this Act, Hitler was able to geta single party rule.A subterfuge

Burned down the Reichstagbuilding, blamed thecommunistsAcquired popular support

The Reichstag Fire Decree

allowed Hitler to obtain power toass laws b decree no


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The elimination of theopposition 345

The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service

Retirement: Non-Aryans

Dismissed: officials withdifferent political affiliation inthe pass.

SuterfugeCastro infiltrated communistsin the trade unions.Knew had potential to draglots of workers against him.Loyal followers withing

unions.

7 april1933

Reform of CivilService lawpassed ,removes

Jews anddissidentsfrom public

office

2 |May1933

WeimarRepublictrade

Connect the timelinewithSource A and B

What conclusions canyou draw?


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The elimination of theopposition 345

The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service thatprescribes retirement to Non-

Aryan people and dismissal forofficials makes reference to Jews and dissidents in the timeline.Castro dealt with trade unions byinfiltrading communists therewhile the German governmentmade trade unions illegal.

7 april1933

Reform of CivilService lawpassed ,removes

Jews anddissidentsfrom public

office

2 |May1933

WeimarRepublictrade

Connect the timelinewithSource A and B

What conclusions canyou draw?


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Groups which may be a sourceof opposition 346

Quasi-legal form to banopponents.

Transformation of the courts

to prosecute dissidents.Re-written laws tolegitimize all forms of punishment for the guilty

Concentration camps:communists, unionists,opponents.

Internal party purges:

The Night of the LongKnives:


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The extent of the opposition348

OvertAssassination attemptsMass protests

Auto-exileRare (Draconian)

Authoritarian leaders mayreduce it

Unemployment (Hitler)Land reform (Mao)Education, health (Castro)

Degree of repression directlyro ortional to insecurit of


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Source Analysis 349

1. Please answer source-based questions 1 and 2.2. Send them electronically as a word-documentusing TNR12, double space. Please attach your

draft done in class (scan it).3. Make sure you save your document with yourname first and then homework349 Ex:Domenicahomework3494. Due Thursday 12/15/11 8 A.M.10 PTS FORMATIVE

Authoritarian leaders ProjectL


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Authoritarian leaders Project30 pts. Summative applied tofinal test.

# STUDENT LEADER1 Emi Correa2 Dome Bucaram3 Majo Eloy Alfaro4 Santiago P. Lucio5 Carla F. Juan Jos Flores6 Julian Velasco7 Isa Iturralde Hugo Chvez8 Gaby Mussolini9 Isa Zuquilanda Kim Jong Il10 Santiago L. Pieira

11 Joaquin G. Moreno

12 Manuel Fujimori

13 Karla Lincoln

14 Francisco Peron

15 Felipe Pinochet

16 Sebas Lenin

17 Santiago V Pol Pot or Duvalier?

18 Andrea Alarcn Castro

CHECK LIST FOR AUTHORITARIANL CHECK LIST FOR AUTHORITARIAN LEADERS


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CHECK LIST FOR AUTHORITARIANLEADERSLeader:

Number Descriptor Evidence Reference APA style

1

Hitler wished to appear powerful, confidentand dominant in the public arena.Source: Cannon,Martin, Jones-Nerzic, Richard,Keys, David, (2009). 20th Century World History.Oxford: Oxford University Press pg. 329

Hitler participated in theMunich Putsch as a youngman and presented himself powerful, confident and dominant as evidenced in hisspeech at his trial after theMunich Putsch.

Cannon,Martin, Jones-Nerzic,Richard, Keys, David, (2009).20th Century World History.Oxford: Oxford UniversityPressPg. 331

2 Lenin surrounded himself with an able andloyal subordinate pg. 329Source: Cannon,Martin, Jones-Nerzic, Richard,Keys, David, (2009). 20th Century World History.Oxford: Oxford University Press pg. 329

From 1904 until 1917 Trotsky had a stormyrelationship with Lenin,accusing Lenin of wantingto become a dictator. Butthe two of them resolvedtheir differences in 1917,and after that pointTrotsky was totallyloyal to Lenin.

Cannon,Martin, Jones-Nerzic,Richard, Keys, David, (2009).20th Century World History.Oxford: Oxford UniversityPressPg. 329

Leader:

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DEADLINEOnce date and time is agreed, the

submission of any work is over.ENTRIES # MONTH/DATE TIME

1 & 2 Jan 6 8 AM

3 & 4 Jan 13 8 AM

5 & 6 Jan 20 8 AM

7 & 8 Jan 27 8 AM

9 & 10 Feb. 3 8 AM

11 & 12 Feb. 10 8 AM

13 & 14 Feb. 17 8 AM

15 & 16 Feb. 24 8 AM

17 & 18 March 2 8 AM

19 & 20 March 9 8 AM21 & 22 March 16 8 AM

23 & 24 March 23 8 AM

25 & 26 April 6 8 AM

27& 28 April 13 8 AM

29& 30 April 20 8 AM

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The extent of the opposition 349

vIn George Orwells novel 1984, children areencouraged to report on their parents for expressinganti-government sentiments.

v The Street Committees of Mao monitored andreported suspicious activity.

v The Committees to Defend the Revolution of Castroreport any unorthodox behavior to the police

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Comits de Defensa de laRevolucin en Cuba

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What about Ecuador?

http://www.eluniverso.com/2009/08/23/1/13

C d C t t E b dL
http://www.eluniverso.com/2009/08/23/1/1355/red-electoral-base-cdr.htmlhttp://www.eluniverso.com/2009/08/23/1/1355/red-electoral-base-cdr.html


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Compare and Contrast Essay based onresearch 20 pts. Summative applied to

your Unit Test

Guidelines:1. C & C the Street Committees from Maos time

or the Committees to Defend the Revolution of Castros Cuba with the Comits de Defensa dela Revolucin en Ecuador.

2. Decide how those two compare and/or contrast3. Thesis4. Three supporting arguments5. Conclusion6. Sources: APA style7. TNR12 double space, 1 max.8. Save your document as domenicaessay9. Upload it at turnitin10. Deadline: January 13, 2012 8 AM

L ESSAY PROJECT 20 PTS. SUMMATIVE FROM SECOND HALF UNIT TESTThe following students will take 30 pts Second Half Unit Test plus their essay

ESSAY PROJECT 20 PTS. SUMMATIVE FROM SECOND HALF UNIT TESTThe following students will take 30 pts Second Half Unit Test plus their essay




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# STUDENT 1 Majo 2 Dome

3 Gaby 4 Carla F 5 Isa Iturralde 6 Julian 7 Santiago L X8 Santiago P 9 Isa Zuquilanda 10 Karla

The following students will take 30 pts. Second Half Unit Test plus their essay.The following students will take 30 pts. Second Half Unit Test plus their essay.The following students will take 30 pts. Second Half Unit Test plus their essay.The following students will take 30 pts. Second Half Unit Test plus their essay.

ESSAY PROJECT 20 PTS. SUMMATIVE FROM SECOND HALFUNIT TEST

The following students will take a 30 pts. Second Half Unit Test plus their essay.

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The structure and philosophy of government 351

vAuthoritarian governments DO HAVE legislatures,constitutions and even elections.

v The difference rests on the way they organize them.

vPower resides wholly on the leader and the singleparty.

v

They replace people holding positions ingovernment with party members.

vIn so doing, the ruler has key party members in keygovernment positions.

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PROVIDE EXAMPLES OF AREAS IN WHICH THEGOVERNMENT MAY HAVE ITS PARTY MEMBERS.

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vLegislatures, without question, operate accordingwith the dictates of the party

vDecision making is a matter of being part of thehierarchy of the party rather than you officialposition.

vAs a party member you have connections andpower over burocrats

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Economic Policies 351

v The regime has broader objectives to fulfill,therefore the economy is crucial. For example, tax

collection.vAuthoritarian governments had plans:

NAME THE PLANS OF GERMANY, SOVIET UNIONAND CHINAFive year plan. Four year plan. Leap Forward.

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vStalin considered that the Soviet Union has beenrepeately beaten in different fronts: militar,

cultural, industrial agricultural and political.v The jungle of capitalism determines whether youare strong or weak. If weak you are to be beatenand enslaved.

Stalin promised to end the 50-100 yearsbackwardness, by building up a socialist systemof economy.

Either we do it or they crush us.

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vBefore they arise to power they made economicpromises; once in power they had to fulfill their

promises.WHAT KIND OF PROMISES DO THEY MAKE?v The impact over time is seeing

v Peasant societies got industrialized andurbanized

v Private property suffers severe changes of itis eliminated

v Infrastructure could get massivev

Increment in education, schooling or housingv Defense spendin mi ht increase

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vHave these economic policies worked?NOv The Soviet Union could not improve peoplesstandard of living.

v It couldnt keep up with the defense budget

vMaos failure obliged him to make mayor changesinside the Communist party.

vHitler could not keep up with the finances thelenghty wars needed.

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Social Policies 353

v Two possible authoritarian regimes:v Right-wing conservative orv Left-wing liberal

vRight-wing conservative:v Recreate past golden age values: family,

education, moral.v Maintain occupations, class structure and

hierarchy.v Left-wing liberal:

v Gender equality, elimination of socialclasses

v Better treatment to minorities, the poor,

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Social Policies 354

vPrejudicesvNot a noblevFrom a workshopvA soldiervWorkers and soldiers could be the head of thestatevIt does not matter if you are a bourgeouvBroke down classes

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Social Policies 354

v CLOSURE: HOW DID HITLER BREAK THE OLDSYSTEM?

v Provide 5 specifics that support his argumentthat he broke the old system.

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Social Policies 353

v Mao tried to create the new socialist manv One who always consider other first.v One who seeks not self-interest orpersonal profit.

v Hitler tried a racially pure nation by paringthe best men with the best women

v Experimented euthanasia to eliminategenetic weakness

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Social Policies 354

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Education Policies 356v Single-party states control everything related

to the education of the youth:v Curriculav Books and reading materialsv

Disciplinev Organizationv After school activities

v The point was to produce loyal, disciplineand obedient citizens

v By emphasizing specific values: patriotism,absolute obedience to the party and theleader, physical fitness

v

Also gender roles ascribed by man to girls andoun women.

Principles from the ReichL


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Principles from the ReichOffice for Peoples Health

http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gp a /du.htm

Remember that you are a German.Do not fail to marry if you are geneticallyhealthy.Keep your body pure.

Keep your mind and soul clean.As a German, take a spouse only of the same orof Nordic blood.In choosing a spouse, ask about his or herancestry.Health is the prerequisite for outward beauty.Marry only out of love.Do not seek a plaything, but rather a companionfor marriage.

You should want as many children as possible.

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Education Policies 356v Eliminated un-cooperative teachers

v Bottom line: use of education as the

strongest mechanism for maximizingsocial control.

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Math problems 357

Please solve the Math problems fromSource B, pg. 357.

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The maintenance cost of 130 feeble-minded costs about 104,000Reichsmarks a year, enough to build 17 houses for healthyworking class families.

Costs for the genetically ill-socialconsequences

http://bytwerk.com/gpa/vogel.htm

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RIGHT WING CONSERVATIVETraditional role of wife, mother and housekeeper.Discouraged to get employment and education

Not a single women was a member of the Nazi hierarchy

Status of women 358

LEFT WING LIBERAL (Cuba 1960).Equality for womenCitizenshipPropertyVoting rights

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Although in left wing regimes women have gainedaccess to education for example,

Mens attitude has not changed:discriminationharassmentlimited access to positions of power

Status of women 358

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Please answer questions 1 and 2 from pg. 359

Status of women 358

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Religious policies 360

Please answer this question:

In which sense, religion may represent competitionto the state?

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Religious policies 360

Religion represent ideologies,values, ethics andmoralsMany times these values are contrary to the stateReligion also possess property:

schools, radios, human services houses

Single-party states see religion as a threat

control all activities Religions have international connections

Physical, spiritual and financial support

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The USSR 360

Assaulted on the Russian Orthodox Church: priestskilled, buidings and treasures confiscated

Marx considered religion as the opium of themasses.

The Church was an official weapon of the tsaristgovernment (associated with oppression).

However, the church was resurrected by Stalin inWWII. (German invasion)

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Italy 360

Mussolini could not subjugate the Roman CatholicChurch

Pope , an outspoken opponent

Mussolini removed internal opposition by

Read the Lateran Treaty

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Germany 360

Hitler wanted to establish his own church Eliminate Christians first Religion from German mythology next.

Hitler signed a Concordat In the beggining, churches supported him

Why ?

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Bottom line 361

Attempt to provide alternative spiritual supportAssign mystical god-like qualities to the leader

The cult of personality Leader seeing as irreplaceable, infallible,

unapproachable Is not just vanity, it is an strategy

For what?

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Bottom line 361

To control and maintain out anyopposition

With those qualities, the leader is to STAY.cannot be evicted from power

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Minorities 361

Watchhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MKXgrF9IRc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MKXgrF9IRchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MKXgrF9IRc

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