Traffic engineering

Simulation Based EIGRP with two Autonomous

systems

Performance Analysis

Lecturer: Dr inz. Janusz Klink

Nzavatunga Luwawa 197671

Table of contents Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2

Advantages and Disadvantages of EIGRP ..................................................................................................... 3

Technical Overview of Routing Protocols ..................................................................................................... 4

Classification of Routing Protocols ............................................................................................................... 4

Static versus Dynamic Routing ...................................................................................................................... 5

Autonomous System (AS) ............................................................................................................................. 6

Scenario......................................................................................................................................................... 6

Configuration IP subnet addressing .............................................................................................................. 7

Simulation ..................................................................................................................................................... 8

Ping test ........................................................................................................................................................ 8

Global statistics ........................................................................................................................................... 10

Ethernet Server(FTP) ................................................................................................................................... 11

Route redistribution .................................................................................................................................... 14

Conclusion and future use .......................................................................................................................... 16

References .................................................................................................................................................. 17

Abstract

Routing protocol is taking a vital role in the modern communication networks. A routing

protocol is a protocol which is responsible to determine how routers communicate with each

other and forward the packets through the optimal path to travel from a source node to a

destination node. Among the routing protocols, Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

(EIGRP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) are the pre-eminent routing protocols. EIGRP is a

Cisco proprietary distance-vector protocol based on Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL).

This Project presents s a simulation based comparative performance analysis between EIGRP

using different Autonomy System AS for real time applications by using OPNET.

1

Objectives - Introduce the EIGRP Dynamic Routing Protocol model

- To demonstrate implemented features of EIGRP

- To describe how to configure and study the EIGRP model

2

Introduction Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an advanced distance-

vector routing protocol that is used on a computer network to help automate routing decisions

and configuration.

EIGRP is used on a router to share routes with other routers within the same autonomous

system. Unlike other well known routing protocols, such as RIP, EIGRP only sends incremental

updates, reducing the workload on the router and the amount of data that needs to be transmitted.

3

Advantages and Disadvantages of EIGRP

Easy to configure.

Loop free routes are offered.

It keeps a back up path in the network to get the destination.

Multiple network layer protocols are included.

EIGRP convergence time is low and it is responsible for the reduction of the bandwidth

utilization.

It can work with Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) and Class Less Inter Domain

Routing (CIDR).

EIGRP also supports the routing update authentication.

Disadvantages of EIGRP are:

Considered as Cisco proprietary routing protocol.

Routers from other vendors are not able to utilize EIGRP.

4

Technical Overview of Routing Protocols In IP networks, a routing protocol usually carries packets by transferring them between

different nodes. When considering a network, routing takes place hop by hop.

Routing protocols have the following objectives:

To communicate between routers

To construct routing tables

To make routing decisions

To learn existing routes

To share information amongst neighbor’s routers.

The routers are used mainly by connecting several networks and providing packet forwarding

to different networks. The main idea for routing protocols is to establish the best path from the

source to the destination. A routing algorithm employs several metrics, which are used to resolve

the best method of reaching to a given network. These are established either on a single or on

several properties of the path. For conventional routing protocols, networks are classified as Link

State Routing Protocols and Distance Vector Routing Protocols. The conventional routing

protocol is usually used for other types of communication networks such as Wireless Ad-Hoc

Networks, Wireless Mesh Networks etc. This chapter mainly presents the basic techniques of

different routing protocols.

Classification of Routing Protocols

The classifications of routing protocols are:

Static and dynamic routing protocols.

Distance Vector and Link State routing protocols.

Classful and Classless routing protocols

5

Static versus Dynamic Routing

Static routing is a routing process whose routing table follows a manual construction and

fixed routes at boot time. The routing table needs to be updated by the network administrator

when a new network is added and discarded in the AS. Static routing is mainly used for small

networks. Its performance degrades when the network topology is changed routing. It usually

provides more control for the system administrator in order to maintain the whole network. In

static routing, the network has more control over the network. It’s simple functionality and less

CPU processing time are also an advantage but poor performance experienced when network

topology changes, complexity of reconfiguring network topology changes and difficult manual

setup procedure are still major drawbacks of static routing.

On the contrary, dynamic routing is a routing protocol in which the routing tables are

formed automatically such that the neighboring routers exchange messages with each other. The

best route procedure is conducted based on bandwidth, link cost, hop number and delay. The

protocol usually updates these values. Dynamic routing protocol has the advantage of shorter

time spent by the administrator in maintaining and configuring routes. However it has diversity

problems like routing loops and route inconsistency.

6

Autonomous System (AS) In network administration with WLAN is a complex and very hard process for an

administrator, so that’s why there is a need do divide the administration tasks by different areas,

so each administration area has his own dedicated network, using routing protocols which satisfy

network needs.

Scenario The key scenario is to analyze the performance of the network where it is divided in two

autonomic systems with routes being distributed between then, where route maps are used to

prevent particular route from being distributed

There are 3 demands configured

1. From Rock to Lily – Demand inside AS 100

2. From Rock to Veron – Demand from AS 100 to AS 200

3. From Lily to Kristin – Demand from AS100 to AS 200

The project consist of an EIGRP network with different autonomous systems, where the

network is divided into 2 EIGRP autonomous systems-100 and 200. Routers on AS 100 learn

about routers on AS 200 via redistribution on router Boundary and vice versa.

Fig.1-EIGRP Network domain with 2 autonomous system.

7

Configuration IP subnet addressing

Fig.3- ip subnet addressing table

8

Simulation Simulation can be defined to show the eventual real behavior of the selected system model .It is

used for performance optimization on the basis of creating a model of the system in order to gain

insight into their functioning. We can predict the estimation and assumption of the real system by

using simulation results.

Ping test To test the reachability of the network I used the Router Pike to send ping throughout the

networks and check the performance of the network, here is some results of this experiment.

To configure Ping in Pike Router right click on the router >Choose Individual DES

statistics >Node statistics>IP>Ping requests

Fig.4-Ping test configuration

9

Fig.5-Ping response

The graph above shows the ping response time sent from the Router Pike to

router Kristin and router Veron, it can be seen that during a one hour simulation Ping

time response is slightly higher in Enterprise_Network _Kristin with a response time of

0.037 second than Enterprise_network_Veron with has 0.032 seconds.

10

Global statistics It is used to check whether the load or the delay in secodns of our network.

To configure, right click in an empty area then choose individual DES statistics>Global

nodes>Ethernet>Delay

Fig.6- EIGRP traffic sent/received

The graph above shows the average traffic received and sent during one hour of

network test, it is seen that the number of traffic sent is slightly higher that the number of

traffic received in bit/sec.

11

Ethernet Server(FTP) To configure a FTP server, you should right click on the sever >Edit attributes>applications

supported Profiles> edit > create a FTP

Fig.7 FTP configuaration

12

Fig.8 – FTP Load in the network

The graph above show the average rate of traffic received using File Transfer Protocol which is a

Protocol which is used to transfer computer files from one host to another through internet. Here it can be

seen how the average of traffic quickly received quickly increases in the first 2,5 minutes with a average

of 2,90 bits and we can also a big variation from the minute 5 where the average decreases up to 2,70 bit

and it stabilizes until the end of our network test.

13

Routing Protocols

Configuring routing protocols allows an administrator to have a better control of his

network, the two types of routing are: static with is administrated in small LAN, and dynamic is

a routing administrated in MAN where there are different autonomous systems.

To configure routing Protocol in this scenario click on Protocols>Routing >configure

routing protocols>Eigrp.

Fig.9 EIGRP routing protocol

14

Route redistribution Redistribution are used to facilitate administration, traffic and efficiency along the network , it is

recommended to isolate routing protocols in well defined zones to guarantee the correct routing

between devices which belong to different zones.

Fig.10- AS traffic received [AS 100] and [AS 200]

15

Fig.11 AS traffic sent [AS 100] and [AS 200]

The graphs above show the redistribution on the Boundary router. In the figure 7 it can be seen

the average of traffic received and sent both with AS 100 and AS 200 in the network, It is seen

that in AS 100 the average rapidly decreases from 135 bit/s to 60 bit/s in a period of seven

minutes, while in AS 200 there is a decrease of the average of the received packets from 250 up

to 150 bit/s which means that the network is faster when the packets are sent than when packets

are received.

16

Conclusion and future use Interior routing protocols like EIGRP are widely being used in the computer networking. In this

work, I have presented a comparative analysis of different autonomous system in EIGRP, where

Boundary route has role to do redistribution and find the best route table to communicate through

the network.

As results the network between Rock and Lily is tested with Ping packets and these packets were

reachable positively, as well I as the Demand from Rock to veron are not routed because there is

a route map configured to prevent routes from AS 100 from learning about Veron.

Finally the demand from Lilly to Kristin is was redistributed to AS 100 on router Boundary and

then sent in EIGRP update message to Lily

17

References [1] Rick Graziani and Allan Jonson, “Routing protocols and concepts: CCNA exploration

companion guide” Pearson Education. London, 2008.

[2] http://www.dei.isep.ipp.pt/~andre/disciplinas/ASIST/PL2.pdf

[3] Online source. (2004, Aug 27), “Advanced IP Addressing Management, Cisco Systems”

http://www.informit.com/articles/