SIMULATION AND MODELLING

Group Members

Mohamad Arif Bin Nasaruddin D20091035123

Nor'atikah Bt Abdul RazakD20091035138

Nur Hatikah Bt Mohamad D20091035115

Curriculum specification of biology form 5

Building block of DNA • Composed of nucleotides• Nucleotides contain three parts:• 1. 5-Carbon Sugar (deoxyribose)• 2. Phosphate Group• 3. Nitrogen Base (four types,

adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine)

• Adenine and Guanine are purines (composed of two rings of nitrogen atoms)

• Thymine and Cytosine are pyrimidines (composed of one ring of nitrogen atoms)

Structure of DNA • Consists of two strands of

nucleotides that form a twisted ladder (double helix)

• Sugar and phosphate alternate along the sides of the ladder (linked by strong covalent bonds)

• Pairs of nitrogen bases form the rungs of the ladder (linked by weak hydrogen bonds).

• Specific base pairing arrangement A-T : 2 hydrogen bonds

• C-G : 3 hydrogen bonds• Nitrogen bases attach to the

sugar portion of the side• Strands run in opposite directions

http://youtu.be/qy8dk5iS1f0

UNIQUE FEATURES • Make invisible DNA's structure become

visible• Show the interesting DNA's structure

compare to simple picture• Facilitates teachers to explain about the

DNA's structure• Can be accessed easily

Modelling In Biology

Natural Selection

NATURAL SELECTION

• It is a theory proposed by Charles Darwin.

• Variation can be defined as different characteristics in traits that occur within individual of same species.

• Individual with certain traits will have advantage to adapt well with it environment.

• Individual that adapt well with environment will be selected and have high survival and reproductive rate.

TEETHThe rabbits that have long

teethes can be easily consume the plants (their food) compared to the rabbits with short teethes

The long teethes also help the rabbits during competition or

even when fighting with predators.

• FROM THE MODELLING:

• We can use several variables on the same times, such as:

• fur and tail• fur and teeth• tail and teeth

• We can choose different environments

• We can see the pedigree of the rabbits base on those variables above

FUR:Equator environment tend to choose the

rabbits that have brown color of fur because the color is quite similar to soil ,prevent them from predator.

The white fur rabbits are easily exposed to predator due to their contrast color

from the soil.Thus, the brown rabbits can survive.But, thus situation can be reversed

during the winter

Unique Features Advantages of Using Modelling

This modelling can show to the student the process of natural selection that naturally occur in long period

Student can identify the effects of natural selection very well

Natural selection process clearly and enable student understand various factor that can influence natural selection

Teacher can create different types of situations that can lead to natural selection in s short time