simulating oracle i/o workloads to configure storage james f. koopmann nocoug fall conference 2007...
TRANSCRIPT
SimulatingOracle I/O Workloads toConfigure Storage
James F. Koopmann
NoCOUG Fall Conference 20074:00 – 5:00
Who am I
You fill in the blank _____________________
Who am I
Thanks James,
the world is made a better place because of the generosity of people like you who are willing to share knowledge. Great effort !
Introduction
When you think of storage, what do you think of– Do I have enough?
How do you determine what storage to buy?– Just enough to hold data
Do you use iostat or another I/O utility?– Why?– What do you do to fix I/O issues?
• Tune SQL?• Purchase more CPU• Add more Memory• Move datafiles around
Introduction
The Storage Solution Challenge What is RAID What is an Oracle Workload What is ORION
– Introduction– Benefits
Testing Storage– RAID 0+1 Test– Scripts to Use– RAID 0+1 Results
Existing Storage System– Vendor Storage Specifications– What Can You Use– Scripts to Monitor Disk Workload
Configuring Oracle Conclusion
The Storage Solution Challenge
It is difficult to translate database requirements into a storage solution that takes into account the abilities of a storage array.
Tuning an Oracle database is a complex task, and having an incomplete understanding of the challenge complicates the task.
Typical scenario– The database staff requests additional storage – Storage administrators allocates disk – Done!– BUT neither understands scalability, availability,
manageability or performance implications of the other– Result is storage / database I/O issues
RAID Basics
RAID Basics
Redundant Array of Independent Disks– Provides fault tolerance (redundancy)– Why Use RAID?– Improves access rates
• What??• Does it make my disks faster?• NO!• Data is striped (spread) across multiple drives and allows
concurrent I/O operations such that it appears to make disks operate faster
– RAID Levels• 0,1,2,3,4,5,10,50,0+1,1+0…..• RAID Level is a critical component for protecting data and
improving application performance.• Selecting the proper RAID level for a specific application requires
thoughtful contemplation AND TESTING/BENCHMARKING.
RAID BasicsRAID Level 0 - Striping
http://www.lsi.com/insight_center/industry_standards/storage_connectivity/raid/index.html
RAID BasicsRAID Level 1- Mirroring
http://www.lsi.com/insight_center/industry_standards/storage_connectivity/raid/index.html
RAID BasicsRAID Level 0+1 - Striping and Mirroring
http://www.lsi.com/insight_center/industry_standards/storage_connectivity/raid/index.html
RAID BasicsRAID Level 5 - Striping w/Rotational Parity
http://www.lsi.com/insight_center/industry_standards/storage_connectivity/raid/index.html
Determining the Application Mix
Key to Configuring Storage
Determining the Application MixOLTP – Online Transaction Processing An OLTP application has these characteristics:
– Read- and write-intensive– Disk Access is Random– Transaction-based– Performance measured by IOPS and average
latency (I/O turn-around time)– Having typical usage of large bursts of small reads
followed by inserts and updates– Primarily driven by the database issuing small
random I/Os the size of the defined Oracle database block size (db_block_size).
– Having a database block size ranging from 2 KB to 32 KB, with 8 KB being average.
Determining the Application MixOLAP – Online Analytical Processing An OLAP application has these characteristics:
– Data Warehouse or Reporting System– Throughput-based– Disk Access is Sequential– Performance-based on moving large amounts of
data in megabytes per second (MBPS)– Driven by read only databases except during the
load stage– Having large multi-block read/write I/O streams
containing multiple 1-MB I/Os
Determining the Application MixHybrid / Changing App The following list captures a few of the many sources of
application change.– A simple OLTP database could be cloned to a different system
and could begin to be used with an OLAP application. The data is the same, but the I/O pattern is very different.
– A new group of power users could turn an OLTP database into an OLAP reporting engine without notification.
– The application mix might change throughout the day. – Database backups that run during the day affect the type of
read activity of the database– Data loads or extraction, transformation, and load (ETL)
processing could switch an OLAP environment into an OLTP environment
Determining the Application MixDetermining the Oracle Workload
Application Mix = Workload
Determining the Workload for an Existing Oracle Database
gv$sysstat (name, value) Total Reads :'physical read total IO requests'Total Writes:'physical write total IO requests' Large Reads :'physical read total multi block requests'Large Writes:'physical write total multi block requests'
Total Bytes Read :'physical read total bytes'Total Bytes Written :'physical write total bytes'
Therefore:Small Reads = Total Reads – Large ReadsSmall Writes = Total Writes – Large Writes
Determining the Workload for an Existing Oracle Database
SQL> SELECT 'Number of Small Reads :'||sum(decode(name,'physical read total IO requests',value,0)- decode(name,'physical read total multi block requests',value,0)), 'Number of Small Writes:'||sum(decode(name,'physical write total IO requests',value,0)- decode(name,'physical write total multi block requests',value,0)), 'Number of Large Reads :'||sum(decode(name,'physical read total multi block requests',value,0)), 'Number of Large Writes:'||sum(decode(name,'physical write total multi block requests',value,0)), 'Total Bytes Read :'||sum(decode(name,'physical read total bytes',value,0)), 'Total Bytes Written :'||sum(decode(name,'physical write total bytes',value,0))FROM gv$sysstat;
Number of Small Reads :205903Number of Small Writes:106883Number of Large Reads :40298Number of Large Writes:2791Total Bytes Read :4188587008Total Bytes Written :2009381888
Determining the Workload for an Existing Oracle Database
Wait 10 Minutes
Determining the Workload for an Existing Oracle Database
SQL> SELECT 'Number of Small Reads :'||sum(decode(name,'physical read total IO requests',value,0)- decode(name,'physical read total multi block requests',value,0)), 'Number of Small Writes:'||sum(decode(name,'physical write total IO requests',value,0)- decode(name,'physical write total multi block requests',value,0)), 'Number of Large Reads :'||sum(decode(name,'physical read total multi block requests',value,0)), 'Number of Large Writes:'||sum(decode(name,'physical write total multi block requests',value,0)), 'Total Bytes Read :'||sum(decode(name,'physical read total bytes',value,0)), 'Total Bytes Written :'||sum(decode(name,'physical write total bytes',value,0))FROM gv$sysstat;
Number of Small Reads :500211Number of Small Writes:123474Number of Large Reads :142981Number of Large Writes:8010Total Bytes Read :22232604961Total Bytes Written :5586081648
Determining the Workload for an Existing Oracle Database
Calculate the IOPS for small I/O, the IOPS for large I/O, the percentage of reads to writes, the MBPS throughput
Small Read IOPS =(500211-205903)/(10*60) = 490 IOPSSmall Write IOPS =(123474-106883)/(10*60) = 27 IOPSTotal Small IOPS =(294308-16591)/(10*60) = 517 IOPSI/O Percentage of Reads to Writes = 94:6
Large Read IOPS =(142981-40298)/(10*60) = 171 IOPSLarge Write IOPS =(8010-2791) /(10*60) = 8 IOPSTotal Large IOPS =(102683+5219) /(10*60) = 179 IOPSI/O Percentage of Reads to Writes = 96:4
Total MBPS Read =((22232604961-4188587008)/(10*60))/1048576 =28 MBPSTotal MBPS Written =((5586081648-2009381888) /(10*60))/1048576= 5 MBPSTotal MBPS =((18044017953+3576699760)/(10*60))/1048576 =34 MBPS
What type of application do we have?
Introducing ORION
Let the Benchmarking Begin
Introducing ORIONOracle I/O Numbers
ORION is a configurable workload generating tool that mimics Oracle I/O without requiring installation of an Oracle database.
The ORION workload tool has a variety of options that enable storage architects to design an OLTP or OLAP workload that matches the expected transaction mixes.
Stresses a storage array and gives results that allows us to better understand storage configurations so that we can design storage to meet performance requirements.
Introducing ORIONPossible Tasks
Create benchmarks for specific application mixes Single-node tests Multi-node (RAC) tests Balancing disk drive layout against system workload Verifying performance levels for various I/O scenarios Revealing specific I/O benefits and deficiencies Configuring storage array before use Configuring storage before installing Oracle database Timely fixing of hardware flaws Comparing benchmarks across different storage
products and configurations
Introducing ORIONORION Workload Tool Options
Three Run Levels
Simple Small and large random I/O are tested individually
Normal Small and large random I/O are tested individually and combinations of small and random I/Os together
Advanced A wide variety of options are available to fine tune the workload and will be user defined
Introducing ORIONORION Workload Tool Options
Advanced Run Levels
Num_disks Defines the number of spindles in the storage array to be tested
Size_small Defines the size for small random I/O
Size_large Defines the size for large random or sequential I/O
Type Defines the type of large I/O (random or sequential)
Write Defines the percentage of writes in the workload
Matrix Defines the mixture of workload to run (random, sequential, or both together)
Introducing ORIONUsing the Orion Workload Tool
Very Easy to Use the Orion Workload Tool. Download the Orion Workload tool.
http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/tech/orion/index.html Read Orion User Guide (at least twice) Install the Orion Workload tool by unzipping the file. Create a file that contains a list of raw volumes or
files to test. Run the Orion Workload tool with workload options. View the tabular output. Graph the tabular output
***Warning ****DO NOT run ORION on a production Machine or any
machine that has data you are concerned about KEEPING!
ORION Benchmarking
In Practice
ORION Benchmarking
The Storage System Test Methodology Test Scenarios RAID 0+1 Example Volume Group Layout What to Test
– 64, 128, 192, & 224 Disks Scripts Used Understanding the Results
– IOPS Overview– IOPS Graphical
ORION BenchmarkingThe Storage System
SAN
Drive Tray
16 Drives / Drive Tray
14 Drive Trays
ORION BenchmarkingTest Scenarios / Methodology
Prove Performance– Test various RAID Levels
• 0,1,0+1,5– Test Various Read/Write Percentages
• 0/100, 75/25, 0/100 Prove Scalability
– Assume Entry Level• 4 Trays (8TB)
– Expand Storage• 8, 12, 14 Trays (17TB, 26TB, 30TB)
Automate All Tests– Pre-Build a RAID System– Present all volumes to Host– Run Scripts– 48 Tests / 250 Hours
ORION Benchmarking Volume Group Layout – RAID 0+1slot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Tray 1 VG 1 VG 1 VG 2 VG 2 VG 3 VG 3 VG 4 VG 4 VG 5 VG 5 VG 6 VG 6 VG 7 VG 7 VG 8 VG 8
Tray 2 VG 17 VG 17 VG 18 VG 18 VG 19 VG 19 VG 20 VG 20 VG 21 VG 21 VG 22 VG 22 VG 23 VG 23 VG 24 VG 24
Tray 3 VG 33 VG 33 VG 34 VG 34 VG 35 VG 35 VG 36 VG 36 VG 37 VG 37 VG 38 VG 38 VG 39 VG 39 VG 40 VG 40
Tray 4 VG 49 VG 49 VG 50 VG 50 VG 51 VG 51 VG 52 VG 52 VG 53 VG 53 VG 54 VG 54 VG 55 VG 55 VG 56 VG 56
Tray 5 VG 1 VG 1 VG 2 VG 2 VG 3 VG 3 VG 4 VG 4 VG 5 VG 5 VG 6 VG 6 VG 7 VG 7 VG 8 VG 8
Tray 6 VG 17 VG 17 VG 18 VG 18 VG 19 VG 19 VG 20 VG 20 VG 21 VG 21 VG 22 VG 22 VG 23 VG 23 VG 24 VG 24
Tray 7 VG 33 VG 33 VG 34 VG 34 VG 35 VG 35 VG 36 VG 36 VG 37 VG 37 VG 38 VG 38 VG 39 VG 39 VG 40 VG 40
Tray 8 VG 9 VG 9 VG 10 VG 10 VG 11 VG 11 VG 12 VG 12 VG 13 VG 13 VG 14 VG 14 VG 15 VG 15 VG 16 VG 16
Tray 9 VG 25 VG 25 VG 26 VG 26 VG 27 VG 27 VG 28 VG 28 VG 29 VG 29 VG 30 VG 30 VG 31 VG 31 VG 32 VG 32
Tray 10 VG 41 VG 41 VG 42 VG 42 VG 43 VG 43 VG 44 VG 44 VG 45 VG 45 VG 46 VG 46 VG 47 VG 47 VG 48 VG 48
Tray 11 VG 49 VG 49 VG 50 VG 50 VG 51 VG 51 VG 52 VG 52 VG 53 VG 53 VG 54 VG 54 VG 55 VG 55 VG 56 VG 56
Tray 12 VG 9 VG 9 VG 10 VG 10 VG 11 VG 11 VG 12 VG 12 VG 13 VG 13 VG 14 VG 14 VG 15 VG 15 VG 16 VG 16
Tray 13 VG 25 VG 25 VG 26 VG 26 VG 27 VG 27 VG 28 VG 28 VG 29 VG 29 VG 30 VG 30 VG 31 VG 31 VG 32 VG 32
Tray 14 VG 41 VG 41 VG 42 VG 42 VG 43 VG 43 VG 44 VG 44 VG 45 VG 45 VG 46 VG 46 VG 47 VG 47 VG 48 VG 48
ORION BenchmarkingWhat to Test : 4-Tray Test : 64 Disksslot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Tray 1 VG 1 VG 1 VG 2 VG 2 VG 3 VG 3 VG 4 VG 4 VG 5 VG 5 VG 6 VG 6 VG 7 VG 7 VG 8 VG 8
Tray 2 VG 17 VG 17 VG 18 VG 18 VG 19 VG 19 VG 20 VG 20 VG 21 VG 21 VG 22 VG 22 VG 23 VG 23 VG 24 VG 24
Tray 3 VG 33 VG 33 VG 34 VG 34 VG 35 VG 35 VG 36 VG 36 VG 37 VG 37 VG 38 VG 38 VG 39 VG 39 VG 40 VG 40
Tray 4 VG 49 VG 49 VG 50 VG 50 VG 51 VG 51 VG 52 VG 52 VG 53 VG 53 VG 54 VG 54 VG 55 VG 55 VG 56 VG 56
Tray 5 VG 1 VG 1 VG 2 VG 2 VG 3 VG 3 VG 4 VG 4 VG 5 VG 5 VG 6 VG 6 VG 7 VG 7 VG 8 VG 8
Tray 6 VG 17 VG 17 VG 18 VG 18 VG 19 VG 19 VG 20 VG 20 VG 21 VG 21 VG 22 VG 22 VG 23 VG 23 VG 24 VG 24
Tray 7 VG 33 VG 33 VG 34 VG 34 VG 35 VG 35 VG 36 VG 36 VG 37 VG 37 VG 38 VG 38 VG 39 VG 39 VG 40 VG 40
Tray 8 VG 9 VG 9 VG 10 VG 10 VG 11 VG 11 VG 12 VG 12 VG 13 VG 13 VG 14 VG 14 VG 15 VG 15 VG 16 VG 16
Tray 9 VG 25 VG 25 VG 26 VG 26 VG 27 VG 27 VG 28 VG 28 VG 29 VG 29 VG 30 VG 30 VG 31 VG 31 VG 32 VG 32
Tray 10 VG 41 VG 41 VG 42 VG 42 VG 43 VG 43 VG 44 VG 44 VG 45 VG 45 VG 46 VG 46 VG 47 VG 47 VG 48 VG 48
Tray 11 VG 49 VG 49 VG 50 VG 50 VG 51 VG 51 VG 52 VG 52 VG 53 VG 53 VG 54 VG 54 VG 55 VG 55 VG 56 VG 56
Tray 12 VG 9 VG 9 VG 10 VG 10 VG 11 VG 11 VG 12 VG 12 VG 13 VG 13 VG 14 VG 14 VG 15 VG 15 VG 16 VG 16
Tray 13 VG 25 VG 25 VG 26 VG 26 VG 27 VG 27 VG 28 VG 28 VG 29 VG 29 VG 30 VG 30 VG 31 VG 31 VG 32 VG 32
Tray 14 VG 41 VG 41 VG 42 VG 42 VG 43 VG 43 VG 44 VG 44 VG 45 VG 45 VG 46 VG 46 VG 47 VG 47 VG 48 VG 48
ORION BenchmarkingWhat to Test : 8-Tray Test : 128 Disksslot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Tray 1 VG 1 VG 1 VG 2 VG 2 VG 3 VG 3 VG 4 VG 4 VG 5 VG 5 VG 6 VG 6 VG 7 VG 7 VG 8 VG 8
Tray 2 VG 17 VG 17 VG 18 VG 18 VG 19 VG 19 VG 20 VG 20 VG 21 VG 21 VG 22 VG 22 VG 23 VG 23 VG 24 VG 24
Tray 3 VG 33 VG 33 VG 34 VG 34 VG 35 VG 35 VG 36 VG 36 VG 37 VG 37 VG 38 VG 38 VG 39 VG 39 VG 40 VG 40
Tray 4 VG 49 VG 49 VG 50 VG 50 VG 51 VG 51 VG 52 VG 52 VG 53 VG 53 VG 54 VG 54 VG 55 VG 55 VG 56 VG 56
Tray 5 VG 1 VG 1 VG 2 VG 2 VG 3 VG 3 VG 4 VG 4 VG 5 VG 5 VG 6 VG 6 VG 7 VG 7 VG 8 VG 8
Tray 6 VG 17 VG 17 VG 18 VG 18 VG 19 VG 19 VG 20 VG 20 VG 21 VG 21 VG 22 VG 22 VG 23 VG 23 VG 24 VG 24
Tray 7 VG 33 VG 33 VG 34 VG 34 VG 35 VG 35 VG 36 VG 36 VG 37 VG 37 VG 38 VG 38 VG 39 VG 39 VG 40 VG 40
Tray 8 VG 9 VG 9 VG 10 VG 10 VG 11 VG 11 VG 12 VG 12 VG 13 VG 13 VG 14 VG 14 VG 15 VG 15 VG 16 VG 16
Tray 9 VG 25 VG 25 VG 26 VG 26 VG 27 VG 27 VG 28 VG 28 VG 29 VG 29 VG 30 VG 30 VG 31 VG 31 VG 32 VG 32
Tray 10 VG 41 VG 41 VG 42 VG 42 VG 43 VG 43 VG 44 VG 44 VG 45 VG 45 VG 46 VG 46 VG 47 VG 47 VG 48 VG 48
Tray 11 VG 49 VG 49 VG 50 VG 50 VG 51 VG 51 VG 52 VG 52 VG 53 VG 53 VG 54 VG 54 VG 55 VG 55 VG 56 VG 56
Tray 12 VG 9 VG 9 VG 10 VG 10 VG 11 VG 11 VG 12 VG 12 VG 13 VG 13 VG 14 VG 14 VG 15 VG 15 VG 16 VG 16
Tray 13 VG 25 VG 25 VG 26 VG 26 VG 27 VG 27 VG 28 VG 28 VG 29 VG 29 VG 30 VG 30 VG 31 VG 31 VG 32 VG 32
Tray 14 VG 41 VG 41 VG 42 VG 42 VG 43 VG 43 VG 44 VG 44 VG 45 VG 45 VG 46 VG 46 VG 47 VG 47 VG 48 VG 48
ORION BenchmarkingWhat to Test : 12-Tray Test : 192 Disksslot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Tray 1 VG 1 VG 1 VG 2 VG 2 VG 3 VG 3 VG 4 VG 4 VG 5 VG 5 VG 6 VG 6 VG 7 VG 7 VG 8 VG 8
Tray 2 VG 17 VG 17 VG 18 VG 18 VG 19 VG 19 VG 20 VG 20 VG 21 VG 21 VG 22 VG 22 VG 23 VG 23 VG 24 VG 24
Tray 3 VG 33 VG 33 VG 34 VG 34 VG 35 VG 35 VG 36 VG 36 VG 37 VG 37 VG 38 VG 38 VG 39 VG 39 VG 40 VG 40
Tray 4 VG 49 VG 49 VG 50 VG 50 VG 51 VG 51 VG 52 VG 52 VG 53 VG 53 VG 54 VG 54 VG 55 VG 55 VG 56 VG 56
Tray 5 VG 1 VG 1 VG 2 VG 2 VG 3 VG 3 VG 4 VG 4 VG 5 VG 5 VG 6 VG 6 VG 7 VG 7 VG 8 VG 8
Tray 6 VG 17 VG 17 VG 18 VG 18 VG 19 VG 19 VG 20 VG 20 VG 21 VG 21 VG 22 VG 22 VG 23 VG 23 VG 24 VG 24
Tray 7 VG 33 VG 33 VG 34 VG 34 VG 35 VG 35 VG 36 VG 36 VG 37 VG 37 VG 38 VG 38 VG 39 VG 39 VG 40 VG 40
Tray 8 VG 9 VG 9 VG 10 VG 10 VG 11 VG 11 VG 12 VG 12 VG 13 VG 13 VG 14 VG 14 VG 15 VG 15 VG 16 VG 16
Tray 9 VG 25 VG 25 VG 26 VG 26 VG 27 VG 27 VG 28 VG 28 VG 29 VG 29 VG 30 VG 30 VG 31 VG 31 VG 32 VG 32
Tray 10 VG 41 VG 41 VG 42 VG 42 VG 43 VG 43 VG 44 VG 44 VG 45 VG 45 VG 46 VG 46 VG 47 VG 47 VG 48 VG 48
Tray 11 VG 49 VG 49 VG 50 VG 50 VG 51 VG 51 VG 52 VG 52 VG 53 VG 53 VG 54 VG 54 VG 55 VG 55 VG 56 VG 56
Tray 12 VG 9 VG 9 VG 10 VG 10 VG 11 VG 11 VG 12 VG 12 VG 13 VG 13 VG 14 VG 14 VG 15 VG 15 VG 16 VG 16
Tray 13 VG 25 VG 25 VG 26 VG 26 VG 27 VG 27 VG 28 VG 28 VG 29 VG 29 VG 30 VG 30 VG 31 VG 31 VG 32 VG 32
Tray 14 VG 41 VG 41 VG 42 VG 42 VG 43 VG 43 VG 44 VG 44 VG 45 VG 45 VG 46 VG 46 VG 47 VG 47 VG 48 VG 48
ORION BenchmarkingWhat to Test : 14-Tray Test : 224 Disksslot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Tray 1 VG 1 VG 1 VG 2 VG 2 VG 3 VG 3 VG 4 VG 4 VG 5 VG 5 VG 6 VG 6 VG 7 VG 7 VG 8 VG 8
Tray 2 VG 17 VG 17 VG 18 VG 18 VG 19 VG 19 VG 20 VG 20 VG 21 VG 21 VG 22 VG 22 VG 23 VG 23 VG 24 VG 24
Tray 3 VG 33 VG 33 VG 34 VG 34 VG 35 VG 35 VG 36 VG 36 VG 37 VG 37 VG 38 VG 38 VG 39 VG 39 VG 40 VG 40
Tray 4 VG 49 VG 49 VG 50 VG 50 VG 51 VG 51 VG 52 VG 52 VG 53 VG 53 VG 54 VG 54 VG 55 VG 55 VG 56 VG 56
Tray 5 VG 1 VG 1 VG 2 VG 2 VG 3 VG 3 VG 4 VG 4 VG 5 VG 5 VG 6 VG 6 VG 7 VG 7 VG 8 VG 8
Tray 6 VG 17 VG 17 VG 18 VG 18 VG 19 VG 19 VG 20 VG 20 VG 21 VG 21 VG 22 VG 22 VG 23 VG 23 VG 24 VG 24
Tray 7 VG 33 VG 33 VG 34 VG 34 VG 35 VG 35 VG 36 VG 36 VG 37 VG 37 VG 38 VG 38 VG 39 VG 39 VG 40 VG 40
Tray 8 VG 9 VG 9 VG 10 VG 10 VG 11 VG 11 VG 12 VG 12 VG 13 VG 13 VG 14 VG 14 VG 15 VG 15 VG 16 VG 16
Tray 9 VG 25 VG 25 VG 26 VG 26 VG 27 VG 27 VG 28 VG 28 VG 29 VG 29 VG 30 VG 30 VG 31 VG 31 VG 32 VG 32
Tray 10 VG 41 VG 41 VG 42 VG 42 VG 43 VG 43 VG 44 VG 44 VG 45 VG 45 VG 46 VG 46 VG 47 VG 47 VG 48 VG 48
Tray 11 VG 49 VG 49 VG 50 VG 50 VG 51 VG 51 VG 52 VG 52 VG 53 VG 53 VG 54 VG 54 VG 55 VG 55 VG 56 VG 56
Tray 12 VG 9 VG 9 VG 10 VG 10 VG 11 VG 11 VG 12 VG 12 VG 13 VG 13 VG 14 VG 14 VG 15 VG 15 VG 16 VG 16
Tray 13 VG 25 VG 25 VG 26 VG 26 VG 27 VG 27 VG 28 VG 28 VG 29 VG 29 VG 30 VG 30 VG 31 VG 31 VG 32 VG 32
Tray 14 VG 41 VG 41 VG 42 VG 42 VG 43 VG 43 VG 44 VG 44 VG 45 VG 45 VG 46 VG 46 VG 47 VG 47 VG 48 VG 48
ORION BenchmarkingScripts : crontab Entry
35 14 22 3 * /orion/Host/bin/orion_run.ksh
ORION Benchmarking Scripts : orion_run.ksh
#!/usr/bin/kshcd /orion/Host/bincat /orion/Host/bin/runnames.txt |\while read NAME do DISKS=`grep $NAME /orion/Host/bin/rundata.txt | awk '{print $2}'` SMALL=`grep $NAME /orion/Host/bin/rundata.txt | awk '{print $3}'` LARGE=`grep $NAME /orion/Host/bin/rundata.txt | awk '{print $4}'` TYPE=`grep $NAME /orion/Host/bin/rundata.txt | awk '{print $5}'` SIMULATE=`grep $NAME /orion/Host/bin/rundata.txt | awk '{print $6}'` DURATION=`grep $NAME /orion/Host/bin/rundata.txt | awk '{print $7}'` WRITE=`grep $NAME /orion/Host/bin/rundata.txt | awk '{print $8}'` MATRIX=`grep $NAME /orion/Host/bin/rundata.txt | awk '{print $9}'` /orion/Host/bin/tray01.ksh $NAME $DISKS $SMALL $LARGE $TYPE $SIMULATE $DURATION $WRITE $MATRIX & /orion/Host/bin/tray02.ksh $NAME $DISKS $SMALL $LARGE $TYPE $SIMULATE $DURATION $WRITE $MATRIX & /orion/Host/bin/tray03.ksh $NAME $DISKS $SMALL $LARGE $TYPE $SIMULATE $DURATION $WRITE $MATRIX & /orion/Host/bin/tray04.ksh $NAME $DISKS $SMALL $LARGE $TYPE $SIMULATE $DURATION $WRITE $MATRIX & /orion/Host/bin/tray05.ksh $NAME $DISKS $SMALL $LARGE $TYPE $SIMULATE $DURATION $WRITE $MATRIX & /orion/Host/bin/tray06.ksh $NAME $DISKS $SMALL $LARGE $TYPE $SIMULATE $DURATION $WRITE $MATRIX & /orion/Host/bin/tray07.ksh $NAME $DISKS $SMALL $LARGE $TYPE $SIMULATE $DURATION $WRITE $MATRIX & /orion/Host/bin/tray08.ksh $NAME $DISKS $SMALL $LARGE $TYPE $SIMULATE $DURATION $WRITE $MATRIX & /orion/Host/bin/tray09.ksh $NAME $DISKS $SMALL $LARGE $TYPE $SIMULATE $DURATION $WRITE $MATRIX & /orion/Host/bin/tray10.ksh $NAME $DISKS $SMALL $LARGE $TYPE $SIMULATE $DURATION $WRITE $MATRIX & /orion/Host/bin/tray11.ksh $NAME $DISKS $SMALL $LARGE $TYPE $SIMULATE $DURATION $WRITE $MATRIX & /orion/Host/bin/tray12.ksh $NAME $DISKS $SMALL $LARGE $TYPE $SIMULATE $DURATION $WRITE $MATRIX & /orion/Host/bin/tray13.ksh $NAME $DISKS $SMALL $LARGE $TYPE $SIMULATE $DURATION $WRITE $MATRIX & /orion/Host/bin/tray14.ksh $NAME $DISKS $SMALL $LARGE $TYPE $SIMULATE $DURATION $WRITE $MATRIX & sleep 300 count=`ls -1 /orion/Host/bin/*.flag | wc -l` while [ $count -gt 0 ] do sleep 600 count=`ls -1 /orion/Host/bin/*.flag | wc -l` donedone
ORION BenchmarkingScripts : runnames.txt
R10DTC4SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT100R10DTC4SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT75R10DTC4SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT0R10DTC4SIO8randomLIO1024sequentialRPCT0R10DTC8SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT100R10DTC8SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT75R10DTC8SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT0R10DTC8SIO8randomLIO1024sequentialRPCT0R10DTC12SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT100R10DTC12SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT75R10DTC12SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT0R10DTC12SIO8randomLIO1024sequentialRPCT0R10DTC14SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT100R10DTC14SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT75R10DTC14SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT0R10DTC14SIO8randomLIO1024sequentialRPCT0
ORION Benchmarking Scripts : rundata.txt
testname num_disks size_small size_large type simulate duration write matrixR10DTC4SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT100 16 8 1024 rand concat 120 0 basicR10DTC4SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT75 16 8 1024 rand concat 120 25 basicR10DTC4SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT0 16 8 1024 rand concat 120 100 basicR10DTC8SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT100 16 8 1024 rand concat 120 0 basicR10DTC8SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT75 16 8 1024 rand concat 120 25 basicR10DTC8SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT0 16 8 1024 rand concat 120 100 basicR10DTC12SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT100 16 8 1024 rand concat 120 0 basicR10DTC12SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT75 16 8 1024 rand concat 120 25 basicR10DTC12SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT0 16 8 1024 rand concat 120 100 basicR10DTC14SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT100 16 8 1024 rand concat 120 0 basicR10DTC14SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT75 16 8 1024 rand concat 120 25 basicR10DTC14SIO8randomLIO1024randomRPCT0 16 8 1024 rand concat 120 100 basic
ORION BenchmarkingScripts : tray01.ksh
#!/usr/bin/kshcd /orion/Host/bin
if [ -f 01_$2.lun ]thentouch /orion/Host/bin/01.flagcp /orion/Host/bin/01_$2.lun /orion/Host/bin/01_$1.lun
/orion/Host/bin/orion_linux -run advanced -testname 01_$1 -num_disks $2 -size_small $3 -size_large $4 -type $5 -simulate $6 -duration $7 -write $8 -matrix $9
rm /orion/Host/bin/01.flagfi
ORION Benchmarking Scripts : 01_16.lun
/dev/sdb/dev/sddl/dev/sdh/dev/sddq
slot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Tray 1 VG 1 VG 1 VG 2 VG 2 VG 3 VG 3 VG 4 VG 4 VG 5 VG 5 VG 6 VG 6 VG 7 VG 7 VG 8 VG 8
Tray 2 VG 17 VG 17 VG 18 VG 18 VG 19 VG 19 VG 20 VG 20 VG 21 VG 21 VG 22 VG 22 VG 23 VG 23 VG 24 VG 24
Tray 3 VG 33 VG 33 VG 34 VG 34 VG 35 VG 35 VG 36 VG 36 VG 37 VG 37 VG 38 VG 38 VG 39 VG 39 VG 40 VG 40
Tray 4 VG 49 VG 49 VG 50 VG 50 VG 51 VG 51 VG 52 VG 52 VG 53 VG 53 VG 54 VG 54 VG 55 VG 55 VG 56 VG 56
Tray 5 VG 1 VG 1 VG 2 VG 2 VG 3 VG 3 VG 4 VG 4 VG 5 VG 5 VG 6 VG 6 VG 7 VG 7 VG 8 VG 8
tray01.ksh(01_16.lun)
tray05.ksh(05_16.lun)
4 Volume Groups (Luns)16 Drives
ORION BenchmarkingUnderstanding the Test Results
ORION Outputs– IOPS– MBPS– Latencies– Summary
IOPS Overview Graphical Results
– 0, 75, 100 percent Reads
ORION BenchmarkingIOPS Results
Input/outputs per second (IOPS) are primarily a concern in an online transaction processing (OLTP) application environment. OLTP application environments have these characteristics:– High intensity of reads and writes– Highly transaction-based applications– Large bursts of small reads followed by inserts and
updates– Small random I/Os, typically the size of the database
block size– Read-to-write ratios, typically 70:30
ORION Benchmarking IOPS Results - Overview
RAID Level
Drive Tray Count
Drive Count
Read-to-Write Ratios
0:100 75:25 100:0
0 4 64 16329 18759 20121
0 8 128 30960 35086 37500
0 12 192 42685 47302 50342
0 14 224 48290 52917 56288
1 4 64 9043 15536 20885
1 8 128 17414 29305 38845
1 12 192 24481 39376 51189
1 14 224 27885 43788 56467
10 4 64 8513 14720 19365
10 8 128 16577 27605 36186
10 12 192 23131 36766 47360
10 14 224 26104 40614 52034
5 4 64 4258 9997 18149
5 8 128 8180 18958 34283
5 12 192 11182 25128 44831
5 14 224 12564 27797 49295
ORION Benchmarking IOPS Results - Overview
RAID Level
Drive Tray Count
Drive Count
Read-to-Write Ratios
0:100 75:25 100:0
0 4 64 16329 18759 20121
0 8 128 30960 35086 37500
0 12 192 42685 47302 50342
0 14 224 48290 52917 56288
1 4 64 9043 15536 20885
1 8 128 17414 29305 38845
1 12 192 24481 39376 51189
1 14 224 27885 43788 56467
10 4 64 8513 14720 19365
10 8 128 16577 27605 36186
10 12 192 23131 36766 47360
10 14 224 26104 40614 52034
5 4 64 4258 9997 18149
5 8 128 8180 18958 34283
5 12 192 11182 25128 44831
5 14 224 12564 27797 49295
IOPS / Drive
100:0
314
292
254
251
326
303
266
252
302
282
246
232
283
267
233
220
ORION Benchmarking IOPS - RAID Comparison - Read=0%I/O Throughput (RAID Comparison, Read=0%)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 20 40 60 80 100
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
IOP
S
64 Drives RAID 0
64 Drives RAID 1
64 Drives RAID 10
64 Drives RAID 5
I/O Throughput (RAID Comparison, Read=0%)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 20 40 60 80 100
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
IOP
S
128 Drives RAID 0
128 Drives RAID 1
128 Drives RAID 10
128 Drives RAID 5
I/O Throughput (RAID Comparison, Read=0%)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
IOP
S
224 Drives RAID 0
224 Drives RAID 1
224 Drives RAID 10
224 Drives RAID 5
I/O Throughput (RAID Comparison, Read=0%)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 20 40 60 80 100
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
IOP
S
192 Drives RAID 0
192 Drives RAID 1
192 Drives RAID 10
192 Drives RAID 5
ORION Benchmarking IOPS - RAID Comparison - Read=75%I/O Throughput (RAID Comparison, Read=75%)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 20 40 60 80 100
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
IOP
S
64 Drives RAID 0
64 Drives RAID 1
64 Drives RAID 10
64 Drives RAID 5
I/O Throughput (RAID Comparison, Read=75%)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 20 40 60 80 100
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
IOP
S
128 Drives RAID 0
128 Drives RAID 1
128 Drives RAID 10
128 Drives RAID 5
I/O Throughput (RAID Comparison, Read=75%)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
IOP
S
224 Drives RAID 0
224 Drives RAID 1
224 Drives RAID 10
224 Drives RAID 5
I/O Throughput (RAID Comparison, Read=75%)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 20 40 60 80 100
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
IOP
S
192 Drives RAID 0
192 Drives RAID 1
192 Drives RAID 10
192 Drives RAID 5
ORION Benchmarking IOPS - RAID Comparison - Read=100%I/O Throughput (RAID Comparison, Read=100%)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 20 40 60 80 100
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
IOP
S
64 Drives RAID 0
64 Drives RAID 1
64 Drives RAID 10
64 Drives RAID 5
I/O Throughput (RAID Comparison, Read=100%)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 20 40 60 80 100
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
IOP
S
128 Drives RAID 0
128 Drives RAID 1
128 Drives RAID 10
128 Drives RAID 5
I/O Throughput (RAID Comparison, Read=100%)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
IOP
S
224 Drives RAID 0
224 Drives RAID 1
224 Drives RAID 10
224 Drives RAID 5
I/O Throughput (RAID Comparison, Read=100%)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 20 40 60 80 100
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
IOP
S
192 Drives RAID 0
192 Drives RAID 1
192 Drives RAID 10
192 Drives RAID 5
Existing System
Can I Validate?
Existing SystemWhat Can You Do
Disk Characteristics– Check Profile of SAN
Calculating IOPS from Vendor Data Calculating MBPS from Vendor Data Monitoring Your System
– Database Statistics– Sample Scripts– Validating IOPS & MBPS
Re-Configuration
Existing SystemDisk Characteristics - What a Vendor Gives You
RPM Revolutions Per Minute. The number of rotations completed in one minute.
•Seek Time The time required to position the head over the target track. (less for read than write)
•Average Latency (Rotational Latency) Average time after head is over the track for the target sector to rotate under the head before a read or write.
Existing SystemDisk Characteristics - Calculate IOPS for Disk
RPMRotations PerMinute
Rotations Per Second
Rotations Per Mili-second
Full Rotation Rotational Latency(Half Rotation)
Average Seek Time
IOTime
IOPS
(x) (x/60) (x/60,000) (1/ [x/60000] )
(1/ [x/60000] ) / 2
Y Z (Y+Z) (1/[Y+Z])*1000
15,000 15,000/60 15,000/60,000
4ms 2ms 4ms 6ms 167
10,000 10,000/60 10,000/60,000
6ms 3ms 5.15ms 8.15ms 122
10ms 5ms 9ms 14ms 71
7,200 7200/60 7,200/60,000
8.4ms 4.2ms 9.9ms 14.1ms 71
Existing SystemDisk Characteristics - Calculate MBPS for Disk
IOPS Number of Disks
SegmentSize
MBPS
X Y Z (X*Y*Z)/1024
167 1 128K 20MBPS
122 1 128K 15MBPS
71 1 128K 9MBPS
71 1 128K 9MBPS
ORION Benchmarking MBPS - RAID Comparison-Read=various%
Data Transfer Rate (RAID Comparison, Read=75%)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0 10 20 30 40 50
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
MB
PS
224 Drives RAID 0
224 Drives RAID 1
224 Drives RAID 10
224 Drives RAID 5
Data Transfer Rate (RAID Comparison, Read=100%)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0 10 20 30 40 50
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
MB
PS
224 Drives RAID 0
224 Drives RAID 1
224 Drives RAID 10
224 Drives RAID 5
Data Transfer Rate (RAID Comparison, Read=0%)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0 10 20 30 40 50
Outstanding Asynchronous I/O (Load)
MB
PS
224 Drives RAID 0
224 Drives RAID 1
224 Drives RAID 10
224 Drives RAID 5
Existing SystemScripts – Validate IOPS & MBPS
Set of scripts to run against your existing database
Check / Validate what the database sees against what you expect from hardware
Run against current statistics Run against Snapshots
Existing SystemReport IOPS & MBPS over time
Purpose– Report IOPS & MBPS
• For small and large I/O• Percentage of Reads to Writes• User Defined Sample Period
Importance– Matching Expected I/O rates on the Disk Subsystem to
What is Actually Seen in the Database
Script– vsysstat_ioworkload.sql
Existing Systemvsysstat_ioworkload.sql - OutputFirst Sample
Number of Small Reads : 6773457Number of Small Writes: 8150855Number of Large Reads : 2114186Number of Large Writes: 5860450Total Bytes Read : 3.1256E+11Total Bytes Written : 2.8618E+11
Enter the amount of time (in seconds) you would like this process to sleep for sampling dataEnter value for sleeptime: 300Sleep Time (secs): 300
Second SampleNumber of Small Reads : 6778045Number of Small Writes: 8162002Number of Large Reads : 2114206Number of Large Writes: 5867811Total Bytes Read : 3.1260E+11Total Bytes Written : 2.8651E+11
Results :Small Read IOPS = 15.293 IOPSSmall Write IOPS = 37.157 IOPSTotal Small IOPS = 52.45 IOPSSmall Read I/O % = 29.158 %Small Write I/O % = 70.842 %Large Read IOPS = .067 IOPSLarge Write IOPS = 24.537 IOPSTotal Large IOPS = 24.603 IOPSLarge Read I/O % = .271 %Large Write I/O % = 99.729 %Total Read = .127 MBPSTotal Written = 1.049 MBPSTotal MBPS = 1.176 MBPS
Existing SystemReport IOPS & MBPS over Snapshots Purpose
– Report IOPS & MBPS• Uses Snapshots ; Workload Repository History (WRH)• For small and large I/O• Percentage of Reads to Writes• User Defined Sample Period
Importance– Matching Expected I/O rates on the Disk Subsystem
to What is Actually Seen in the Database
Warning– Performance Tuning Pack Requirement
Script– wrh_sysstat_ioworkload.sql
Existing Systemwrh_vsysstat_ioworkload.sql - Output First Sample
Number of Small Reads : 24352077 Number of Small Writes: 21296716 Number of Large Reads : 3305589 Number of Large Writes: 14464153 Total Bytes Read : 5.6736E+11 Total Bytes Written : 5.6482E+11
Second Sample Number of Small Reads : 24759830 Number of Small Writes: 21652738 Number of Large Reads : 3314771 Number of Large Writes: 14664751 Total Bytes Read : 5.7180E+11 Total Bytes Written : 5.7518E+11
Results : Small Read IOPS = 113.265 IOPS Small Write IOPS = 98.895 IOPS Total Small IOPS = 212.16 IOPS Small Read I/O % = 53.387 % Small Write I/O % = 46.613 % Large Read IOPS = 2.551 IOPS Large Write IOPS = 55.722 IOPS Total Large IOPS = 58.272 IOPS Large Read I/O % = 4.377 % Large Write I/O % = 95.623 % Total Read = 1.176 MBPS Total Written = 2.744 MBPS Total MBPS = 3.921 MBPS
Existing SystemReport IOPS & MBPS over Snapshots Purpose
– Report IOPS & MBPS• Uses Snapshots ; Workload Repository History (WRH)• For small and large I/O• Percentage of Reads to Writes• EVERYTHING
Importance– Matching Expected I/O rates on the Disk Subsystem
to What is Actually Seen in the Database
Warning– Performance Tuning Pack Requirement
Script– wrh_sysstat_ioworkload_ALL.sql
Existing Systemwrh_vsysstat_ioworkload_ALL.sql - Output
Small Small Total Small Small Read Write Small Read WriteEND_TIME IOPS IOPS IOPS I/O% I/O%------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------13-AUG-07 07.00.54.540 AM 43.117 53.969 97.087 44.411 55.58913-AUG-07 08.00.56.844 AM 41.677 53.642 95.318 43.724 56.27613-AUG-07 09.00.00.297 AM 83.613 66.803 150.417 55.588 44.41213-AUG-07 10.00.04.307 AM 143.974 122.113 266.087 54.108 45.89213-AUG-07 11.00.07.604 AM 178.109 149.302 327.41 54.399 45.60113-AUG-07 12.00.10.494 PM 100.027 86.229 186.256 53.704 46.29613-AUG-07 01.00.13.213 PM 119.235 94.052 213.288 55.904 44.09613-AUG-07 02.00.17.176 PM 239.61 198.644 438.254 54.674 45.32613-AUG-07 03.00.20.998 PM 139.792 108.863 248.655 56.219 43.78113-AUG-07 04.00.26.942 PM 457.685 277.04 734.725 62.293 37.70713-AUG-07 05.00.30.527 PM 150.167 118.779 268.946 55.835 44.16513-AUG-07 06.00.33.084 PM 30.141 24.554 54.695 55.108 44.89213-AUG-07 07.00.36.907 PM 76.618 70.219 146.837 52.179 47.82113-AUG-07 08.00.39.735 PM 31.321 45.13 76.451 40.968 59.03213-AUG-07 09.00.42.588 PM 197.372 150.143 347.515 56.795 43.20513-AUG-07 10.00.45.432 PM 37.311 32.712 70.022 53.284 46.71613-AUG-07 11.00.48.299 PM 265.166 69.311 334.477 79.278 20.72214-AUG-07 12.00.50.723 AM 186.941 67.7 254.641 73.413 26.58714-AUG-07 01.00.52.585 AM 118.794 94.839 213.633 55.607 44.39314-AUG-07 02.00.55.051 AM 199.069 159.653 358.721 55.494 44.50614-AUG-07 03.00.56.688 AM 38.899 38.201 77.1 50.452 49.548
… And MUCH MORE data
Existing Systemwrh_sysstat_ioworkload_ALL.sql - Graph
Existing SystemReport I/O Percentages
Purpose– Report I/O Percentages
• Across mount points• Current database statistics
Importance– Investigate which mount point are experiencing the
most read or writes– Use to see if any mount point is being used more
than others
Script– vfilestat_iopercent_mount.sql
Existing Systemvfilestat_iopercent_mount.sql - Output Percentage
Mount of Total Percentage Percentage Point I/O of Reads of Writes ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- /u00/app/oracle/oradata/prd .81 .59 1.18 /u02/app/oracle/oradata/prd .87 .94 .76 /u03/app/oracle/oradata/prd 7.20 .22 19.07 /u04/app/oracle/oradata/prd 46.31 45.90 47.01 /u05/app/oracle/oradata/prd 26.85 27.69 25.41 /u06/app/oracle/oradata/prd 5.12 7.49 1.08 /u07/app/oracle/oradata/prd .00 .00 .00 /u09/app/oracle/oradata/prd 4.03 4.45 3.33 /u10/app/oracle/oradata/prd .54 .71 .25 /u11/app/oracle/oradata/prd 8.28 12.02 1.90
10 rows selected.
Existing SystemReport I/O Percentages
Purpose– Report I/O Percentages
• Across mount points• For small and large I/O• Uses Snapshots ; Workload Repository History (WRH)
Importance– Investigate which mount point are experiencing the most read
or writes– Use to see if any mount point is being used more than others
Script– wrh_vfilestat_iopercent_mount.sql
Existing Systemwrh_vfilestat_iopercent.sql - Output Percentage
Mount of Total Percentage PercentagePoint I/O of Reads of Writes------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------/u02/app/oracle/oradata/prd .93 .96 .89/u03/app/oracle/oradata/prd 7.17 .22 19.32/u04/app/oracle/oradata/prd 45.99 45.13 47.48/u05/app/oracle/oradata/prd 27.99 29.32 25.67/u06/app/oracle/oradata/prd 5.10 7.39 1.09/u07/app/oracle/oradata/prd .00 .00 .00/u09/app/oracle/oradata/prd 4.01 4.38 3.36/u10/app/oracle/oradata/prd .57 .74 .25/u11/app/oracle/oradata/prd 8.24 11.86 1.92
Conclusion / Questions
SimulatingOracle I/O Workloads toConfigure Storage
James F. Koopmann
NoCOUG Fall Conference 20074:00 – 5:00