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    First Aid

    Defining First Aid

    First Aid is defined as any and all emergency care given to an injured or

    sick person prior to the intervention of any professional medicaltreatment.

    The purpose of first aid

    To preserve and sustain the life of the casualty

    To stabilize the patient

    To prevent contamination

    To aid in better and more rapid recovery

    To aid in the safe transportation of the patient to a hospital of doctor

    The ABCs of First Aid

    The ABCs stands for...

    Airway - Make sure that the airway is clear. Tilt the head back; lift thechin so that the Jaw is thrust forward in order to make sure the airway

    is clear.

    Breathing - Look and listen for signs of breathing. Try to feel forbreath. Allow 3 to 5 seconds.

    Circulation - Feel for a pulse using the second and third fingers andrunning them along the outer edge of the windpipe in the neck. Becausethis artery supplies a massive amount of blood to the brain, this is

    usually the easiest pulse to detect. Taken 5 to 10 seconds.

    Check for Danger: to you, others, and to casualty.

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    Check for RESPONSE: squeeze casualtys shoulders, ask casualty for

    their name. If casualty responds, check for other injuries.

    Recovery Position

    Kneel beside the casualty.

    Place nearer arm across chest.

    Placefarther arm at right angle to body. Lift nearer leg at knee so it is fullybent upwards. Roll casualty away from you onto side.

    Keep leg at right angle, with knee touching ground to prevent casualty

    rolling onto face.

    Choking

    Adult/Child (over 1 year) Encourage casualty to relax, breathe deeplyAnd cough to remove object.

    If coughing does not remove blockage, or if an infantCall 000 for anambulance.

    Bend casualty well forward and give 5 back blows between theshoulder bladeschecking if blockage removed after each back blow.

    Ifunsuccessful, give 5 chest thrustsin the CPR compression position,

    slower but sharper than compressionschecking if blockage removed

    after each chest thrust.

    If blockage not removed, alternate 5 back blows with 5 chest thrusts

    until medical aid arrives.

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    BURNS

    Remove casualty from danger

    If clothing on fire:

    STOP, DROP AND ROLL. Wrap casualty in blanket.

    Roll casualty along ground until flames extinguish.

    2. Cool the burnt area

    Hold burnt areaunder cold runningwaterfor at least 10 minutes.If chemical burn, run cold water over burnt area for at least20minutes.

    Remove clothing and jewelry from burnt area unless sticking to burn.

    Place sterile non-adherent dressing or burns sheet over burn.

    Bleeding

    1. Apply pressure to the woundRemove or cut casualtys clothing to expose wound.

    Wear gloves if available.

    Apply direct pressure over wound using sterile or clean dressing andpad. 2. Raise and support injured part Lie casualty down and thenraise injured part above heart. 3. Bandage woundBandage dressing and pad firmly in place.Apply another padand bandage if bleeding continues.If bleeding persists seek medical aid.

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    Sprains and Strains Follow RICE management plan: REST: the injured part in comfortable position. ICE: icepacks (cold compress) wrapped in a wet cloth, apply for 15

    minutes every 2 hours for 24 hours. COMPRESSION: apply compression bandage firmly to extend well

    beyond the injury. ELEVATE: the injured part unless you suspect a fracture.

    Minor Injuries andNosebleeds Sit up with head slightly forward. Pinch soft part of nose for 10minutes. Breathe through the mouth.Do not blow nose. Loosen tight clothing around neck. Apply cold pack to neck and forehead. If bleeding persists, seekmedical aid. Scrapes and grazes Wash with running water to remove dirt.

    Cover with non-stick dressing. Bandage or tape in place. Seek medical aid if anything is embedded in

    wound, or becomes red,

    painful, warm or swollen.

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    Tooth knocked out Clean with milk or casualtys own saliva and replace in socketunless

    casualty is a child under 7 years (baby tooth). Ask casualty to hold in place.

    If unable to put tooth back, wrap tooth in plastic or store in milk or

    sterile saline and take casualty and tooth to a dentist.


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