silk production

7/28/2019 Silk Production

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18th

March 2013


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SSeerriiccuullttuurree IInndduussttrryy

INTRODUCTION:

Silk is the most elegant textile in the world with unparalleled grandeur, natural sheen, and

inherent affinity for dyes, high absorbance, light weight, soft touch and high durability and

known as the Queen of Textiles the world over. On the other hand, it stands for

livelihood opportunity for millions owing to high employment oriented, low capital

intensive and remunerative nature of its production. The very nature of this industry with

its rural based on-farm and off-farm activities and enormous employment generation

potential has attracted the attention of the planners and policy makers to recognize the

industry among one of the most appropriate avenues for socio-economic development of

a largely agrarian economy like India.

Silk has been intermingled with the life and culture of the Indians. India has a rich and

complex history in silk production and its silk trade dates back to 15th

century. Sericulture

industry provides employment to approximately 7.56 million persons in rural and semi-urban

areas in India. Of these, a sizeable number of workers belongs to the economically weaker

sections of society, including women. Indias traditional and culture bound domestic market

and an amazing diversity of silk garments that reflect geographic specificity have helped the

country to achieve a leading position in silk industry. India has the unique distinction of being

the only country producing all the five known commercial silks, namely, mulberry, tropical

tasar, oak tasar, eri and muga, of which muga with its golden yellow glitter is unique and

prerogative of India.

WORLD RAW SILK PRODUCTION:

Silk Production in M.Ts

Country/Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011China 108420 98620 104000 115000 104000India 18320 18370 19690 20410 23060

Japan 105 95 90 53 44Brazil 1220 1177 811 770 558KoreaRepublic

150 135 135 135 135

Uzbekistan 950 865 750 2448 2448Thailand 760 1100 665 655 655Vietnam 750 680 550 550 550Others 500 350 304 30 28.5

Total131175 121392 126995 140051 131479

Note: Figures of India is for financial year April to MarchSource :ISC web-site update as on July,2011

As may be seen from the above world raw silk production was about 1, 31,479 MT in

2011. China leads the world with silk production of 1, 04,000 MT or 79.1% of the

produce. India is the second largest producer of silk in the world and has 17.5% share

in global raw silk production. All the countries except China and India have been

witnessing a declining trend in raw silk production in the last two decades.


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PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF RAW SILK:

Production of raw silk in India was 23,060 MT in 2011-12, of which, mulberry raw silk

output aggregated to 18,272 MT (79.24%). The remaining 4,788 MT (20.76%) was

Vanya silks. Mulberry sericulture is mainly practiced in five states namely, Karnataka,

Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Jammu & Kashmir jointly account for

about 97% of the total mulberry silk production in the country.India is the largest consumer of raw silk in the world. As the consumption of raw silk

(around 28,733 MT) exceeds the production, the additional requirement of around

5,700 MT of silk (particularly bivoltine mulberry silk of international quality) is imported

mainly from China.

PRODUCTIVITY OF RAW SILK:

As may be seen from the table below, area under sericulture has increased to 1,81,089 Ha

in 2011-12 compared to 1,70,314 Ha in 2010-11. Year-wise incremental in the mulberry

area during XI Plan is marginal, which is due to rapid urbanization in the sericulture belts,

increase in input costs, labour problems, drought in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, and

frequent price fluctuations. Though the area under sericulture has fallen significantly, the

productivity levels in mulberry cocoon as well as in raw silk have been steadily improving.

The main reasons behind increase in productivity are adoption of higher leaf yielding

mulberry varieties, improved silkworm hybrids and better technologies in silkworm rearing

and silk reeling. Details of mulberry and Vanya raw silk production along with mulberry

productivity during XI plan is given below.

Production(mulberry)

Productivity ofmulberry raw

silk

(kg/ha)Year

Mulberry

Plantation(Ha)

Cocoon(MT)

Raw Silk(MT

Vanya

RawSilk(MT)

Total

RawSilk(MT

Cocoon Rawsilk

2007-08 184928 132038 16245 2075 18320 713.99 87.84

2008-09 177943 124838 15610 2760 18370 701.56 87.73

2009-10 183773 131661 16322 3368 19690 716.43 88.82

2010-11 170314 130714 16360 4050 20410 767.49 90.20

2011-12 181089 139871 18272 4788 23060 772.39 93.00

2012-13* 191903 112500 13991 3895 17887 - -

*Provisional April to January-2013)

During 2012-13 (April- Jan13), raw silk production in the country was 17,887MTcompared to 17,483 MT in 2011-12 with a increase of 2.3% The mulberry rawsilk production in the country was 13,991 MT in 2012-13 compared to 14,153MT in 2011-12 with a decrease of 1.1%. However, there was significant increasein Vanya production in the country during AprilJan13, when compared to2011-12.The % of increase in Vanya production was around 17%.


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RAW SILK IMPORTS:

The quantity and value of raw silk imported during XI Plan is given below:

YearQuantity

(MT)Value

(Rs.In Crores)

2007-08 7922 734.44

2008-09 8392 903.06

2009-10 7338 933.702010-11 5820 927.59

2011-12 5683 1111.53

2012-13 *P 3854 952.08

Source: DGCIS, Kolkata

*April to December -2012 P-provisionalEXPORTS:

During 2010-11, export earnings have reached to Rs 2863.76 crore and indicateda marginal decrease of 1 % compared to export s of Rs 2892.44 crore during2009-10. However, during 2011-12, export earnings have reached to Rs. 2353.33crore and indicated a decrease of 17.82 % compared to 2010-11.

Due to global recession, economic melt down, weakening of Indian Rupee againstUS $ (which makes import of raw silk expensive), higher production cost (due toincrease in input costs) and tough competition from China have affected theexport earnings during last three years. As a result there was a slump in silkgoods exports to top destination viz., USA and Europe Region from 2007-08onwards.

The provisional export of Rs.1663.67crore was achieved during April- Decemberperiod of the year 2012-13 as compared to corresponding period of the year2011-12 which was Rs 1683.21 crore.

PERFORMANCE OF SERICULTURE SECTOR DURING XI PLAN:

Particulars 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12(p) 2012-13 * PMulberry PlantationArea (Lakh Ha)

1.85 1.78 1.84 1.70 1.81 1.92

Production of Raw Silk (in MTs)Mulberry

Bivoltine 1,175 1,250 1,200 1,400 1,685 1,300Crossbreed 15,070 14,360 15,122 14,960 16,587 1,2691

Total (Mulberry) 16,245 15,610 16,322 16,360 18,272 1,3991Vanya Silk

Tasar 428 603 803 1,166 1,590 1,469Eri 1,530 2,038 2,460 2,760 3,072 2,320Muga 117 119 105 124 126 106

Total (Vanya) 2,075 2,760 3,368 4,050 4,788 3,895Total raw silk Prodn.

(mulb+vanya)18,320 18,370 19,690 20,410 23,060 17,887

Employment Generation(lakh persons) 61.20 63.10 68.17 72.50 75.60 -

Exports (in Cr.Rs.) 2,727.87 3,178.19 2,892.44 2,863.76 2353.33 1663.67**P-Provisional (* refers to April to January-2013) (**refers to April to December -2012


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EMPLOYMENT GENERATION:

In the year 2011-12 it is provisionally estimated that employment generationin the country is raised to 7.56 million persons compared to 7.25 millionpersons in 2010-11, indicating a growth of 4.3 %.

ANTI DUMPING DUTY ON RAW SILK & SILK FABRICS:

Raw Silk: During the year 2001-02 there was large scale dumping of ChineseRaw silk into the country de-stabilizing the Indian silk Industry. In order tosafeguard the interest of the domestic silk industry against the cheap imports,a petition was filed by CSB with Directorate General of Antidumping & AlliedDuties(DGAD). The petition was filed on behalf of various silk reelersAssociations along with the State Governments of Karnataka, Andhra Pardesh& Tamilnadu for imposition of antidumping duty on raw silk imported fromChina P.R. Considering the merits of the case, the antidumping duty wasimposed during January,2003 (for a period of 5 years) on raw silk of 2A grade& below imported from China on the cheap imports with a reference price of

US$27.27/kg. The antidumping duty so imposed was in force until Jan-2008.

Subsequently, a sunset review has been taken up for continuation of antidumping duty on import of raw silk. Accordingly, antidumping duty has beenfurther continued with an enhanced reference price of US$ 37.32 per Kg. andthe same will be effective till January-2014.

Silk Fabrics:

During the year 2002-03, it has also been brought to the notice of the CentralSilk Board that a large scale dumping of silk fabrics was taken place from

China PR creating a situation wherein, large number of powerloom silkweavers of Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat were displaced since theyhad to shut their looms. These goods were being dumped by the Chineseexporters. Central Silk Board in associations with the various silk PowerloomWeavers Associations situated in Karnataka, Gujarat & Uttar Pradesh field apetition with the Director General of Antidumping & Allied Duties (DGAD),Ministry of Commerce(GOI) during September 2004.

After investigations the DGAD, vide GOI Gazette Notification No.256. dated16th November-2006 has imposed antidumping duty on silk fabrics (20-100gms) imported from China P.R. The final duty has been imposed taking into

consideration the dumping margin range from 42% to 77%. The referenceprice-range on the fabric weight ranging from 20 to 100 Gms.per meterindicating a reference price ranging between US$1.662 and US$ 4.526 permeter. Any silk fabric imported from China R P below these reference pricesattracted Antidumping Duty. The duty so imposed was in force till Dec-2011.

Further, based on the request of the CSB & the domestic power loom silkweaving industry a sunset review application for continued imposition ofantidumping duty for another term of 5 years was filed. Considering this, TheDirectorate General of Antidumping & Allied Duties (DGAD) had extended the


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imposition of antidumping duty for another term of 5 years till December-2016.

Increase in basic Custom Duty on silk imports:

The Govt. of India during its Budget announcement for 2013-14 has announcedincrease in the basic custom duty on silk imports from the existing level of 5% to15% in order to help the silk industry. Earlier during 2011 the Govt. has reduced

the custom duty on silk imports from 30% to only 5%, due to which the price ofcocoon and raw silk came down drastically. Now the prices have improved andthis is seen as a welcome measure for sericulture farmers.

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT:

The Central Silk Board has a network of Research and Development Instituteswith a network of Regional Sericulture Research Stations and ResearchExtension Centers throughout the Country to provide necessary research anddevelopment support to the Industry. The technology developed by R&DInstitutes of CSB have been popularized among the farmers to maximize yieldand returns which in turn in bringing out vertical growth of the Industry.

Due to R&D intervention the raw silk productivity has increased from 87.84kg/ha (2007-08) to 90.90 kg/ha (2011-12), Renditta ( Nos. of kg of cocoonsrequired to produce 1 kg silk) has reduced from 8.13 (2007-08) to 7.66 (2011-12).

Mulberry varieties authorized: During XI PlanVictory-1(V1) & ANANTA- South Zone, VISHALA for all over India:

Silkworm Hybrid authorized: During XI Plan

Bivoltine Hybrids

Sl.No. HybridProgenitor Date of

Authn States/ Regions/ zonesYield/100

dfls(kg)

1 Dun17 x Dun18 RSRS, Sahaspur 16/04/2010

Himachal Pradesh, KarnatakaWest Bengal (Hills) Assam

68-70

2 GEN3 x GEN2 CSR&TI, Mysore 16/04/2010

Andhra Pradesh, TN, WB (Hills),Assam, Kashmir Valley

65-70

3 CSR 46 x CSR47 CSR&TI, Mysore 16/04/2010

Utharakhand, Himachal Pradesh,UP, Karnataka, AndhraPradesh,TN, Orissa, WB (Hills),Assam, Mizoram

65-70

4 SLD4 x SLD8 SSBS, Coonoor, TN 16/04/2010

Karnataka,Andhra Pradesh, TN(Hills), WB(Hills), Assam, Mizoram,

Kashmir Valley

65-70

4 APS 45 x APS12 APSSRDI, Hindupur 16/04/2010

TN (Hills), Jammu Region 64-70

5 APS105 x APS 126 APSSRDI, Hindupur 16/04/2010

Andhra Pradesh, TN (Hills), WB(Hills)

60-70

6 KSO1x NP4 KSSRDI, Bangalore 16/04/2010

Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh,Jammu Region

60-70

7 NK2 x NP4 KSSRDI, Bangalore 16/04/2010

Assam, Jammu Region 60-70


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Multivoltine X Bivoltine

Sl.No

Hybrid ProgenitorDate of

Authorization

States/ Regions/ zonesYield/100Dfls)(kg)

1 PMxCSR2(SL)

CSR&TI,Mysore

16/04/2010

UP, Andhra Pradesh,Karnataka, TN(Plains),WB(Plains), Assam,

Jharkhand, Manipur

55-60

2 Mcon1xBcon4

CSR&TI,Berhampore

16/04/2010

Karnataka, AndhraPradesh, WB (Plains), TN(Plains), Jharkhand

45

3 Mcon4xBcon4

CSR&TI,Berhampore

16/04/2010

WB(Plains), Orissa,Jharkhand, Assam

50

4 APM3xAPS12

APSSRDI,Hindupur

16/04/2010

UP, Karnataka, WB,Jharkhand,

66-70

5 APM2xAPDR105

APSSRDI,Hindupur

16/04/2010

UP, Karnataka, AndhraPradesh, TN, WB Plains

55-60

6 APDR15xAPDR115

APSSRDI,Hindupur

16/04/2010

Karnataka, WB Plains,Jharkhand,

60-65

7 MH1xCSR2 KSSRDI,Bangalore 16/04/2010 UP, Karnataka, AndhraPradesh, TN(Plains),WB, Orissa, Assam

60-65

Multivoltine Mulberry Silkworm Hybrids

Sl.No

HybridProgenitor Date of

Authorization

States/ Regions/ zonesYield/

100 dfls(Kg)

3 Mcon1xMcon4

CSR&TI,Berhampore

16/04/2010

Andhra Pradesh,Karnataka, TN, WB

35-40

4 Nx Mcon4 CSR&TI,

Berhampore

16/04/

2010

Andhra Pradesh, TN

(Plains), WB

35-40

5 PMx C110 KSSRDIBangalore

16/04/2010

WB 40-45

Activities of Central Silk Board

Financial Progress:

The Table below indicates the financial performance of the Central Sector andCentrally sponsored Plan Programmes implemented by Central Silk Board duringX, XI and during the First year of XII Plan.

(Rs. in crores)Achievement during

# ParticularsX Plan XI Plan XII Plan

1 Outlay 526.99 1059.40 1269.002 Expenditure 534.95 1059.40 233.063 Achievement (%) 101.51 100 % 18.4 %

* Provisional Expenditure from April to February 2013


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The table below indicates year-wise financial performance of the Central SilkBoard during the XI Plan and XII plan (April 2012 to February 2013 ).

(Rs. in crores)XI Plan XII Plan

BUDGET HEADSAllocation Expenditure

2012-13Allocation

2012-13Expenditure

(Apr to Feb 2013)

Non PLANAdministrativeExpenses ofCentral Silk Board

831.90 831.90 190.50 233.23

Development ofSilk Industry

77.95 77.95 19.00 19.00

Total 909.85 909.85 209.50 252.23

PLAN

AdministrativeExpenses ofCentral Silk Board

118.00 118.00 41.71 37.15

Development ofSilk Industry/CDP

670.00 670.00 142.40 132.11

Projects/Schemesof North-EasternStates

271.40 271.40 73.89 63.80

Total 1059.40 1059.40 258.00 233.06

Grand Total 1969.25 1969.25 467.50 485.29

PLAN PROGRAMMES:

Financial Allocation and Expenditure incurred by CSB towards implementationof major Schemes and Programmes of CSB during the XII Plan are given below:(Rs. in crores)

# Programmes of CSB

XI PlanAllocation2007 to2012

XI PlanExpenditure2007 to 2012

2012-13Allocation

2012-13*Expenditure(Apr-Feb,13)

1

Research,Development,

Training & I TInitiatives

144.55 144.6 35.64 19.26

2SeedOrganisation/HRD 78.36 78.31 17.42 16.88

3Quality CertificationSystem

14.75 14.75 3.05 3.05

4

CatalyticDevelopmentProgramme (CDP)

821.74 821.74 201.89 193.87

Grand Total 1059.40 1059.40 258.00 233.06

*Provisional Expd.


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Physical progress of R &D institutes of CSB:

The main Research & Training Institute of CSB provides R&D and Trainingsupport for the development of sericulture. The Institutes at Mysore (Karnataka)Berhampore (West Bengal) and Pampore (J&K) deals with mulberry sericulturewhereas CTR&TI, Ranchi (Jharkhand) deals with Tasar culture. The instituteestablished at Ladoigarh, Jorhat (Assam) deals with Muga and Eri-culture.

Regional Sericulture Research Station (RSRS / RTRS) for mulberry and nonmulberry has been functioning for the dissemination of research findings and fortackling the regional field issues of the industry. Besides, a network of ResearchExtension Centres (RECs) & its sub units for mulberry and non mulberry are alsofunctioning to provide extension support to sericulturists. In order to provideR&D support in post cocoon sector, the Board has established Central Silk

Technological Research Institute (CSTRI) at Bangalore. In addition, the CSB hasalso set up a Silkworm Seed Technology Laboratory, (SSTL) at Bangalore(Karnataka), Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre (CSGRC) atHosur (Tamil Nadu) and Seri-Biotech Research Laboratory (SBRL) at Bangalore.During XI Plan 120 technologies were developed and out of that 60 technologieswere disseminated, 36 technologies were commercialized and 10 technologieswere patented and 10959 extension programmes were organized.

HIGHLIGHTS DURING 2012-13 (XII Plan )

During 2012-13, 53 Research projects are continued, 29 new Research projectshave been initiated and 18 research projects were concluded till Feburary-2013resulting in dissemination of 7 viable technologies, out of that 3 have been filedfor patenting. The major achievements are as follows -

Development and popularization of high yielding superior quality leafproducing mulberry varieties like, V-1, S-36, S-13 and a few varieties for

sub-optimal conditions like RC1, RC2 and Sahana for intercropping withcoconut plantation.

Development of improved mulberry cultivation package based on Indo-Japanese paired row system and supported by efficient disease and pestmanagement products and growth promoting products like Chetak,Navinya, etc.

Developed INM & IPM packages based on biological inputs to maintain soilhealth and manage the pest menace in mulberry without much use ofchemicals.

Development of a good number of improved bivoltine and multivoltine

silkworm hybrids like CSR2 x CSR4, CSR2 x CSR5, CSR18 x CSR19 anddouble hybrids ((CSR6 x CSR26) x (CSR2 x CSR27)) besides a very robustand high yielding multi x bi hybrid, PM x CSR2 which is very popularamong the farmers.

Developed complete package of practices for tropical bivoltine silkwormrearing technology including effective disinfectants like Sanitech, Vijetha,Amruth, Asthra, etc. and also developed separate rearing house models.

Developed Commercial Chawki Rearing Technology with 32 crop scheduleper year which is highly successful and popularized.


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Developed IPM package for management of pests of mulberry like tukra,leaf roller and papaya mealy bug and uzifly in silkworm.

The technologies developed were demonstrated and popularizedsuccessfully through major ToT programmes like PEBS (JICA), IVLP andrecently CPP which covered more than 10,000 farmers with distribution ofmore than 1.5 crore dfls and recording over 63 kg per 100 DFLs bivoltinecocoon yield which was about 30% improvement over the bench mark

yield.

High yielding and early sprouting mulberry varieties were selected and its

performance was evaluated.

Unified package of practices for mulberry was developed. Gosheorami wasfound to be the best suitable variety (22823kgs/ha/year) and popularizedin the field under temperate climate.

With the introduction of the new mulberry varieties and silkworm hybrids,the national average of raw silk productivity touched 90 kg/ha/year.

Succeeded in developing a long term preservation schedule (up to 50 days)for the multivoltine x bivoltine seed (PM x CSR2).

Tetraploid genotype of Terminalia arjuna was developed. Ten superioraccessions of T arjuna (6) and T. tomentosa (4) were isolated as superiorvariety and its large scale multiplication has been conducted at field level.

Protocol for vegetative propagation of host plants through cuttings hasbeen developed. The protocol enables raising of plantlets from stemcuttings with a success rate of about 80%.

Leaf yield increasing nutrient, secondary nutrient combination (SM5)were developed. The combination of SM5 increased the quality leaf yieldby 27.45% in T.arjuna and 26.55% in T.tomentosa with significantimprovement in cocoon characters.

Integrated farming system were developed and net income from the

system ranges from Rs.23, 000 to 41,000/ha with additional income of

Rs.4000-18000/- per hectare from intercropping of the leguminous crops.

Semi-synthetic diet for young age rearing (Tasar Amrith) was

developed. Chawki worms were reared in indoor condition.

Botanical formulation- Jeevan Sudha was developed. It reduced the

tasar silkworm virosis by 36.54% under outdoor rearing with improvement

of cocoon yield by 10-12 cocoons/dfl.

New eco-friendly disinfectant consisting of Tri sodium orthophosphate,Urea and Slaked lime (2:1:1) was developed.

Twin Charkha was utilized for dry reeling as well as wet reeling of tasarcocoons and also used as re-reeling. Its production capacity is around 1kg per day of fine raw silk (60/70 denier) by working of 3 persons and silkrecovery is 62%. The income per person per day can be increased up toRs.154.


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Organic manure based farming system for muga host plant has beendeveloped which is cost effective technology with a cost benefit ratio of 1:1.63.

Phyto-blighton has been evolved for management of leaf blight disease ofSoalu.

Muga seed cocoons preservation technique (up to 42 days during summer

and up to 62 days during winter) has been developed.

Hormonal regulation technology for muga silkworm has been developed toincrease in fecundity.

A tetraploid variety of Som has been evolved through polyploidy that issuperior in terms of nutritional and rearing performance than diploidvariety.

Characterized 26 eco-races of eri silkworm based on descriptor. Compiledand published a monograph as documentation. The Eri Host Germplasm is

maintained at CMER&TI, GCC, Chenijan and RERS, Mendipathar. Designed multi-end reeling machines capable of producing raw silk of 2A

grade and above.

Designed and developed automatic conveyor cooking machine for mediumscale reeling establishments.

Designed and developed dupion silk reeling machine to produce superiorgrade dupion silk.

Process for eri mill spinning was standardized.

Designed and developed improved silk handloom, Ball to Beam warping

machine, Hank to pirn winder for handloom sector. Tasar silk wet reeling package was developed.

A technique for development of fancy yarns from Spun silk was developed.

Low cost 10 basin multiend reeling machine with 8 ends / basin has beendeveloped for mulberry silk reeling.

Introduced solar water heating system along with mini boiler for cookingand reeling for multi-end reeling unit.

Eight ends multiend reeling unit suitable for tasar and muga cocoonreeling with individual break stop motion capable of producing superior

quality yarn with higher productivity has been developed. A low cost solar operated spinning machine suitable for spinning all types

of non-mulberry wastes and also mulberry waste into good quality yarnwith higher productivity has been developed.

A twin shuttle loom has been designed and developed specifically for therequirement of North Eastern states to weave simultaneously two narrowwidth fabrics.


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L14 x CSR2: An improved Cross Breed with superior quality

L14 x CSR2, is a Multi x Bivoltine hybrid developed by CSR&TI, Mysore. Thissilkworm hybrid has 96.0% pupation, 1.971g cocoon weight, 21.5 SR%, 1008 mfilament length, 16.58 raw silk percentage, 91p neatness, 89 (strokes) cohesion,1.45 size deviation, 99% neatness, 22% elongation, and is capable of producing2A-3A gradable silk. Laboratory test showed that it has the yield potential of 78.6

kg cocoons/100 dfls. Based on these observations, the Hybrid AuthorizationCommittee meeting held on 22.12.2011 accepted it for large scale pre-authorization field trial.by rearing at least 5.00 lakhs DFLs,.

Field trial

Nearly 3.0 lakh DFLss were distributed to the farmers in the states of Karnataka,Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. The results revealed that thecocoon yield varied from 50-70kg/100dfls. Cocoons reeled in ARM atChennapatana produced 3A grade silk while the same at Ramanagara wasgraded as 2 A. The field trail is still under progress.

Advantages of New improved Cross breed

The superiority of the breed over the existing commercially popular cross breedPM X CSR2 lies in quantitative traits like higher Cocoon weight, shell weight,shell ratio % and as well superior in qualitative characters like Neatness, sizedeviation tenacity, cohesion and elongation This newly developed hybrid issuperior in terms of economic traits over all the existing cross breeds andhaving the capacity to produce 2A -3A grade Silk Average cocoon yield rangesfrom 50 to 60kgs /100DFls .Considering its advantage over the reelableparameters it is most appreciable that L14 X CSR2 cocoons can be reeled onAutomatic reeling machine and the silk can be used as both warp and weft andthis could be the first improved cross breed capable of producing gradable qualitysilk and fetching higher income from silk marketing @ Rs.500/kg which is morein comparison with the presently popular cross breed PM X CSR2

Salient Features of L14x CSR2 at a glance: Robust, productive, and characterized by superior fiber quality Shorter larval duration by one day compared to PMX CSR2 High Cocoon weight Shell weight Shell ratio and Floss content High Raw silk recovery rate Good Tenacity, elongation and cohesion suitable for reeling in Automatic

reeling Machine to produce high quality gradable Silk ( 2A- 3A standard )

L14 x CSR2

Larvae Cocoon Silk Fabric


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IT Initiatives:

Under the IT initiatives, CSB concentrated on software development usingcontemporary technologies and networking of various cocoon and silk marketswith free flow of information on the availability of raw material, market trendetc.. CSB has hosted new website (www.csb.gov.in) with the details of its

activities, organization setup, status of silk industry etc., with facilities for webenabled email. Information required for the traders, buyers, stake holders etc.will be hosted on the website, besides improving the interactive interface of thewebsite. Seri Information Kiosks have been installed in cocoon markets, CSBand DOS Office which provides basic information relating to sericulture andmarket rates of cocoon, silk etc.

TRAINING

The Research Institutes of the Central Silk Board provide training to the in-service Technical personnel of the Departments of Sericulture, Entrepreneursand Stake holders of the Industry. Details of number of persons trained by

the R & D Units of CSB during the XI Plan (2007-2012) and first year (2012-13) of XII Plan are given below:(No.of persons trained)

# Particulars XI Plan(2007-2012)

XII Plan2012-13*

(April-Feb13)1 Structured Course 183 482 Capsule Course 4,067 616

3Adhoc Training(farmers/skilled)

26076 3535

4 Skill Devlpmnt. 396 726Total 30722 4925

* provisional

Details of number of persons trained by the EDP Cell of CSB during the XIPlan (2007-2012) and first year (2012-13) of XII Plan are given below:

(No.of persons trained)# Particulars XI Plan

(2007-2012)XII Plan2012-13

( April-Feb13)p1 Entrepreneurship

Development Programme121

-

2 Technology UpgradationProgramme 1020 573

3 Resource DevelopmentProgramme

795 222

4 Management DevelopmentProgramme

850 121

Total 2786 916

P; provisional


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Application of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS)in Sericulture:

In order to map and identify additional potential areas for development of foodplants for mulberry and Vanya sericulture in different states and to carryout anappraisal survey to evaluate the progress of sericulture development in few

selected areas using remote sensing technology. The project is being implementedin collaboration with the NESAC, during the XI Plan (2007-12) covering all thestates, involving a total cost of Rs.2.50 crores.

SEED SUPPORT

CSB has the responsibility for supply of Basic Seed material of (both silkwormand its host food plants) required for further multiplication besides undertakingproduction of quality silkworm seed (F1) to supplement the efforts of theconcerned state sericulture departments as a quality leader to a limited extent.Under this programme technical assistance and field level training are alsoprovided to the farmers by the Grainage extension centers. The CSB has a chain

of Basic Seed Farms supplying basic seeds to the States. Its commercial seedproduction centers augment efforts of the States in supplying commercialsilkworm seed to farmers. CSBs commercial seed production involvement isabout 8 percent of the countrys current estimated absorption. The Table belowindicates total seed production during the concluding year 2011-12 of XI planperiod and during the CFY 2012-13 (till Feb-2013):

(Unit: Lakh dfls)

ParticularsActuals2011-12

2012-13Target

Achmnt.2012-13

(April - Feb13)

Mulberry 321.54 325.00 250.91

Tasar 35.08 33.13 39.11Oak Tasar 1.36 0.67 0.61Muga 2.52 5.02 4.70Eri 3.17 3.39 4.04Total 363.57 367.21 299.37

Market Support:

Tasar Raw Material Bank, Chaibasa:A Raw Material Bank for Tasar is functioning at Chiabasa (Jharkhand) along with4 Sub-depots, one each at Raigarh (Chhattisgarh), Bhagalpur (Bihar), Warangal(A.P) and Bhandara (Maharashtra). The primary objective of RMB is to ensure

economic and fair price to the primary tasar growers. The details of procurementand sale of tasar cocoons made by RMB, Chaibasa and its sub-depots during theXI Plan and during the first year (2012-13) of XII Plan are given below:

( Unit: Qty.in lakh Nos. & Value in Lakh Rs.)Procurement SaleYear

Qty. Value Qty. Value

XI Plan(2007-12)

824.65 543.75 793.07 576.80

2012-13* 224.23 157.81 207.29 147.69* April12 to February 2013


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Muga Raw Material Bank, Sibsagar:

A Muga Raw Material Bank is functioning at Sibsagar in Assam with 3 Sub-Depots, at Dhakukhana, Sualkuchi (Assam) and Coochbehar (W.B) with theobjective of ensuring economic and fair price to the actual muga cocoonproducers. The details of purchase and sale of muga cocoons made by MRMB,Sibsagar and its Sub-Depots during the XI Plan and during the first year (2012-

13) of XII Plan are given below:

(Unit: Qty.in lakh Nos. & Value in Lakh Rs.)Procurement Sale

Year Qty. Value Qty. ValueXI Plan

(2007-12)20.047 16.527 23.997 18.523

2012-13* 4.47 6.33 4.26 6.37* April12 to February 2013

Quality Certification System:

Central Silk Board is popularizing Silk Mark, for purity of silk products throughSilk Mark Organization of India (SMOI). Silk Mark is an assurance label, SilkMark protects the interests of consumers who are being cheated by traders byselling spurious products in the name of silk. The progress achieved under theSilk Mark Scheme during the XI Plan and during the first year (2012-13) of XIIPlan are given below:

XII Plan2012-13Particulars

XI Plan(2007-2012)

Target Achmnt.(till Feb13 )

Total No. of Membersenrolled 1418 250 222

Total No. of Labels sold 116.00 25.00 23.63

Awareness ProgrammesExhibition/Fairs/Workshop/Road shows

1745 300 342

CATALYTIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (CDP)

CDP objectives were mainly to bestow special attention for value addition to the

sericulture industry in the country to meet shortfall in infrastructure and skilledmanpower requirement in the various stages of the production chain (capacitybuilding) through private entrepreneurship or State or NGO/SHG participation inplantation development & maintenance, seed production, rearing facilities,cocoon marketing, cocoon reeling facilities, yarn processing, productdiversification, training facilities, quality support etc.

CDP is the foremost programme of the Govt. of India for the development ofSericulture in India. The Table below indicates the financial performance of CDPduring the XI plan and first year (2012-13) of the XII Plan:


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(Rs. in crores)

Plan / Year No. of Schemes Outlay ExpenditureAchmnt

%

XI PLAN 5 packages 821.74 821.74 100 %

XII PLAN(2012-13

5 Packages 201.89193.88

April-Feb-1392.85%

Catalytic Development Programme is being continued during the XII Plan alsowith certain modifications along with new initiatives. CDP is presently

implemented on a Project mode in the form of different packages mainly under 3

sectors viz. Seed, Cocoon and Post-cocoon sectors, supported by the Support

Service Sector, in order to benefit all categories of beneficiaries like farmers,

reelers & weavers and also to support achieving the targets & objectives of the XI

Plan. These components under CDP are beneficial for both existing and new

farmers for practicing sericulture.

Major Achievements made under CDP during the XI Plan (2007-2012) and during

the first year (2012-13) of the XII Plan period are given below:

# Components XI Plan(2007-2012)AchievementsDuring 2011-12

XII Plan2012-13

(April-Feb13)

1 Development of Mulberry Plantation (Ha) 71,468 41,153 14,626

2 Irrigation for Mulberry (Ha) 25,058 5,331 3,511

3 Mulberry Rearing houses (Nos) 61,541 14,762 9,281

4 Chawkie Rearing Centres (Nos) 484 186 64

5 Rearing equipments ( Farmers) 68,137 18,593 20,674

6 Tasar plantation maintenance (Ha.) 20,441 2,947 4,160

7 Tasar seed rearers (Nos) 11, 722 3,593 2151

8 Support to Tasar graineurs (Nos) 4,676 2,267 549

9 Construction of Cocoon Storage Houses (Nos) 1,649 659 201

10 Eri host plantation (Ha) 5,496 1,754 1,322

11 Construction of Eri Rearing House (Nos) 23,584 7,210 3,828

12 Muga food plantation (Ha) 4,488 1,222 1,093

13 Support for Muga Graineurs (Nos) 1,431 408 199

14 Automatic Silk Reeling Machines (Nos) 8 3 115 Multiend Silk Reeling Machines (Nos) 217 22 6

16 Cottage basin reeling units (Nos) 119 22 38

17 Hot air drying chambers (Nos) 452 114 96

18 Vanya reeling/Spinng. Devices (Nos) 9,776 1,594 945

19 Promotion of improved Handlooms (Nos) 5,696 2340 373


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Establishment of Automatic Reeling Units in Karnataka, A.P. & T.N.

Ten (10) Automatic Reeling Machines (ARMs) have been sanctioned during X andXI Plan periods; 5 for Karnataka, 2 for Andhra Pradesh & 3 for Tamilnadu.Out of these 10 ARMs, Six have already been established till the end of XI Plan atthe following locations of Karnataka, AP & TN. The establishment of remainingfour units is under progress

State No. of Units Location of ARM units installed

Karnataka 2 Units Ramanagaram & Channapatna

Andhra Pradesh 2 Units Janagaon & Hindupur

Tamilnadu 2 Units Gobichettypalyam & Avinashi

Further two more ARM units have been sanctioned by the AMC for Karnatakaduring the CFY 2012-13 under CDP of XII. The locations are being finalized.

SPECIAL PROJECTS:

Assistance to NGOs: The Central Silk Board is implementing integrated

sericulture development projects in different states in collaboration with the State

Sericulture Departments and the NGOs. The CSB is also implementing few

special SGSY projects for sericulture development by availing the funds from the

Rural Development Departments. During the XI Plan, the Central Silk Board has

provided financial assistance to the following four NGOs, under centrally

sponsored Catalytic Development Programme (CDP) implemented during XI Plan

(2007-12).

1. M/s. Arpita Grameen Vikas Sansthan,Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh for development of eri culture in threedistricts of Hamirpur, Jalaun and Chitrakoot.

2. M/s. Appropriate Technology of India (ATI)Guptkashi, Rudraprayag District of Uttarkhand for promotionof Oak Tasar & Eri culture

3. M/s. Grameen Evam Krishi Vikas SamithiHaldwani, Nainital in Uttarkhand for Development of Ericulture inUdham Singh Nagar district

4. M/s. PRADAAN, Deogarh, Biharfor Integrated Tribal Development Programme in Jamui district ofBihar.


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Financial assistance given to the above 4 NGOs during the last three years(2009-11) and for the current year 2012-13 is given below

(Rs. in lakhs)# Name of the NGO 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Total

1M/s.Arpita Grameen VikasSansthan 17.45 -- -- 17.45

2M/s.Appropriate

Technology of India (ATI)23.53 62.60 -- 47.32 133.45

3 M/s.Grameen Evam KrishiVikas Samithi

15.95 -- -- 32.36 48.31

4M/s.PRADAAN, Jamui inBihar

-- 106.17 -- 106.17

Total 56.93 168.77 -nil- 79.68 305.38

International Collaboration:

CSB is a Member of the International Sericulture Commission (ISC) andproviding consultancy support to third world countries on sericulturedevelopment. CSB is exporting silkworm eggs to African and South Asiancountries like Ghana, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Srilanka, Vietnam etc.

The following external aided Projects have been implemented in different States

UNDP supported project for development of Vanya silks (1999-2003)

World Bank assisted National Sericulture Project for mulberry in 17 states(1989-1996)

Swiss aided Seri-2000 project for mulberry in Karnataka, Tamilnadu, APand West Bengal (1997-2004)

JBIC supported project for tasar and mulberry development in Chattisgarhand Manipur (1998-2007)

Bivoltine Sericulture Technology Development Project:

CSB has implemented a Bivoltine Sericulture Technology Development project(2002-07) with the assistance of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

The project has helped to develop high yielding bivoltine silkworm breeds suitableto produce import substitute international grade bivoltine silk. The project hasalso developed suitable clusters with better extension system for the developmentof bivoltine silk. Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Mysore hastaken up collaborative research project in the areas of sericulture with researchinstitutes in Brazil and Bulgaria.

Training on Bivoltine Sericulture Technology under the 3rd country training

As a part of technical cooperation programme between the JICA and the CentralSilk Board (CSB), CSR&TI, Mysore is imparting training in their Institute atMysore for Afro-Asian countries like Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Ghana,Indonesia, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, SriLanka, Vietnam and Uganda on Bivoltine sericulture technologies with theexpertise developed by us.


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Cluster Development Programme:

Central Silk Board in close co-ordination with States had jointly organized 45pre-cocoon and 5 post-cocoon model sericulture clusters towards promotingdevelopment of sericulture in the cluster mode approach. The main objectivebeing transfer of latest technology in a systematic manner and also throughinfrastructure up-gradation of farmers, improvement of skills and knowledge offarmers and strict discipline in sericulture practices to improve production,

productivity and quality of cocoons. During XI Plan period (till Mar-2012)CSBhad released Rs.52.11 crores to 16 States under Catalytic DevelopmentProgramme. On implementation of the programme, the awareness and adoptionof new technologies increased, significant improvement observed inknowledge/skill of farmers, crop stability, production, productivity and quality ofcocoons and income level of farmers. The Cluster Promotion Programme has beenconcluded on 31.03.2012 and the DoSs have been requested to maintain all theexisting clusters under their control with Technical Support from CSBcommencing from 2012-13 onwards as also requested to replicate the successfulmodels in potential areas of the state.

During XII Plan, it is proposed to develop 100 bivoltine clusters in the states. The

programme will be implemented from 2013-14 of XII Plan period.

Sericulture Development projects in some States:

The following projects are being implemented during the period under report.

a) Special SGSY Projects in Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand.

b) Integrated Tribal Development Projects with NABARD-TDF assistance.

The following projects are in the process of sanction to be implemented during XIIPlan period.

Tasar developmental projects with MoRD assistance under MKSP (as under).

Sl.No.

Name of theState

ProjectImplementingAgency

MoRD(in Rs.lakhs)

CSB(in Rs.lakhs)

Total( in Rs.lakhs)

1 Maharashtra BAIF 759.632 253.211 1012.843

2AndhraPradesh SERP

784.040 262.668 1046.708

3 Jharkhand PRADAN 1795.46 598.487 2393.9474 Chattisgarh PRADAN 598.451 204.256 802.707

5 Bihar PRADAN 669.434 223.145 892.5796 West Bengal PRADAN 400.795 133.598 534.3937 Odisha PRADAN 358.34 119.447 477.787

Grand Total 5366.152 1794.812 7160.964

The following projects/ schemes have been formulated to be taken up by theStates for sericulture development.

1.Tasar developmental for Left Wing Extremism (LWE) affected districts inWest Bengal, Orissa and Chhattisgarh.


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2. Formulated project proposal for seeking JICA assistance for mulberrydevelopment, and Road Map for tasar development in West Bengal.

3.Technical appraisal has been carried out for Mukhyamantri Tasar VikasPariyojana to be implemented by DOS, Bihar at an outlay of Rs.170.9Crore.

4.The following projects are prepared and yet to be implemented.5. 15 Year Road Map for development of silk industry in Himachal Pradesh.6. Projects implemented with external funding.

7.

Manipur Sericulture Project (JBIC Funding)8. Other projects with funding from CDP.9. Micro-Project for development of Oak tasar culture in Manipur (Phase- II).

Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD):

Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Govt. of India, has considered a Multi-State Project under Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Non TimberForest Produce (NTFP) for promotion of Tasar based livelihoods in the five statesviz., Jharkhand covering Godda, Pakur, Dumka, Saraikella, West Singbhum,East Singbhum and Deoghar districts, State of Chhattisgarh covering Raigaarh,Dhamtari, Kanker, Bilaspur, Sarguja and Bastar districts, State of Odisha

covering Keonjhar district, State of Maharashtra covering Gondia and Gadchirolidistricts and State of West Bengal covering Bankura and Paschim Medinipurdistricts with Central Silk Board as the Project Coordinating Agency and NGOs,PRADAN and BAIF Development Research Foundation as Project ImplementingAgencies.

Projects would be implemented over a period of four years from the date of finalapproval, with a project grant of Rs.52.22 crores, with MoRD share of Rs.39.13crores and CSB share of Rs.13.09 crores covering 27,530 beneficiaries.

Eri Spun Silk Mills:

Three Eri Spun Silk Mills have been established at Hindupur (in A.P.), Kokrajhar& Guwahati (in Assam). These Units have started commercial production. Apartfrom this one more Spun Silk Mill is being set up at Raipur in Chhattisgarh state.

Vanya Silk Market Promotion:

Vanya Silk Market Promotion Cell (VSMPC) established during X Plan hascontinued its activities on Generic, Brand and Market promotion of Vanya Silksduring XII Plan.

As a part of product diversification, VSMPC under collaborative projects with

other Institutes has developed exclusive Vanya Silk products viz. Eri silkknitwear, Eri silk denims, Eri silk sarees, Mulberry / Muga silk sarees,Mulberry/Eri silk sarees and dress material etc,. The Eri silk knitwears arelaunched for commercialization and the products are test marketed. VSMPC hasprovided the know-how to M/s Jharcraft, Ranchi, Jharkhand and coordinatingon product development for commercialization.

VSMPC has organized and participated in domestic and international exhibitions.Vanya Silk theme pavilion are arranged in all the exhibitions and the productdeveloped under collaborative projects are displayed for market promotion. The


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generic and brand promotion of Vanya Silks is done through exhibitions,advertisements, web site, print and electronic media etc. VSMPC has participatedin Heimtextil Fair, Frankfurt, Germany between 12th and 15th January 2011along with SMOI for generic and brand promotion of Indian Silk, wherein thesamples of Vanya Silks products of exporters have been displayed in the stall.VSMPC has also participated in Tex Trend organized by Ministry of Textiles andSilk Paradise organized by ISEPC.

VSMPC has published the directory of Vanya Silk manufacturers containing the450 addresses of manufacturers/traders/exporters along with the addresses ofall the Vanya Silk producing State Sericulture Departments and CSB offices andthe information on Vanya Silks.

VSMPC has registered 20 manufacturers / traders as Authorised User of VanyaSilk Logo and involved them in generic and brand promotion of Vanya Silks andalso provided publicity support.

VSMPC has established three Vanya Silk Shoppees two in New Delhi and one inBangalore for providing retail market access to manufacturers of Vanya Silkproducts. The shoppees have been allotted to the primary producers and

Authorized Users of Vanya Silk Logo.

During XII Plan VSMPC is organizing exclusive Vanya Silk Expos in four citiesand participating in 10 exhibitions organized by SMOI. VSMPC has participatedin Tex Trend -2012 organized by Ministry of Textiles. VSMPC has sanctionedcollaborative project on development of Eri Silk Thermal wear and Thermal undergarments to Army Institute of Fashion and Design (AIFD) Bangalore andanother project to CSTRI CSB Bangalore on Development of products from Eri,Muga and Tasar spun yarn for better value addition. VSMPC is coordinating inproduct development for commercialization and providing backward and forwardlinkages for sourcing, production and marketing. It is proposed to set up VanyaSilk Shoppee at Guwahati under franchise for the benefit of primary producers inN.E. region.

Policy initiatives: Some Important policy initiatives taken recently for thedevelopment of silk industry are

Sericulture is included as agriculture allied activity under RKVY. Thisenables the sericulturists to avail the benefits of the scheme for theentire sericulture activities up to reeling. During the year 2011-12,sericulture projects costing Rs.50.84 crores have been sanctioned andutilized under RKVY. During the CFY (2012-13) sericulture projectscosting Rs.12.64 crores have been proposed.

The CSB (Amendment) Act, Rules and Regulations have been notified bythe Govt. of India to bring quality standards in silkworm seedproduction.

Forest Conservation Act has been amended to treat non mulberrysericulture as forest based activity enabling the farmers to undertakeVanya silkworm rearing in the natural host plantation in the forests.

-=: xox :=-

silk production

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