signs of tomorrow: call for contributions

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Signs ofTomorrow

The Trends Barometer inCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

and Sustainable Development (SD)

Call for Contributions


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Signs of Tomorrow

The Trends Barometer in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and

Sustainable Development (SD)

Jan Jonker (ed.)


September 2010

Introduction

Sustainability is the main challenge for future society. One that should lead to a newequilibrium between business and society. Over the years, the approach to sustainability hasmoved from an add-on to becoming increasingly holistic and integrated. A fundamental changefrom a linear economy to a circular or green economy will become inevitable. To do so our(societal) institutions and arrangements, our assumptions and narratives, will all need to

undergo a transformation. In addition, new partnerships will have to be created to make thenecessary changes happen.

Although the sustainability movement is a long way from its final destination, much effort andprogress has been made over the past decade(s). This development continues even morevigorously to this day. Solutions are being sought, countless new ideas are born, grass-rootinitiatives are emerging and social media are being employed for creating new and innovativealliances and partnerships that previously were inconceivable. While some of thesedevelopments are stimulated by governments, businesses or groups of engaged citizens, othersseem to be emerging out of the blue. Overall these developments are not guided by a master- plan but new initiatives, activities, clans and programs are continuously emergingspontaneously and unpredictably. What is very promising is that this unstructured movement(as a whole) creates tipping-points in certain domains. This movement is leading to newtrends.

As an academic, in the past 25 years, I have been involved in teaching, writing and consultingon complex and intriguing topics that find themselves at the intersection of organisations,society and ecology. Gradually, sustainability became an all-encompassing notion, the

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authentic centrepiece of my work. About a year ago I discovered that a kind of overview of allof the on-going promising initiatives, activities and what will become a trend is lacking. Forthis reason, I started taking notes of the scattered initiatives and trends that I encountered in

local newspapers (some of which were found in the subways of Boston, Paris or Barcelona),discussions with students and colleagues from all walks of life, workshops, keynote addressesand conversations in totally different settings, policy documents from national and internationalinstitutions, digital newsletters from around the world and many other sources.

These random selection activities resulted in a list of sixty initiatives, which are presentedbelow. The list covers a wide range of initiatives associated with sustainability and corporatesocial responsibility yet never covers everything that is going on in the field. That wouldsimply be impossible given everything that is going on. Each single initiative or cluster(s) ofinitiatives may have the potential to become a trend, meaning the general direction in whichsomething tends to move.

While some trends focus mainly on organisations, others cover broader societal, ecological orfinancial issues. When looking closer, one could make the distinction between People andPlanet trends, and initiatives. Profit, on the other hand, both tangible and intangible, oftenseems to be embedded in all trends. Perhaps that observation indicates a trend in itself. Onewhere the distinction between the three Ps gradually seems to be vanishing.

From a birds eye view, these trends reveal the fact that many new and exciting things arehappening and that change is undeniably emerging, albeit in increments. Many of the identifiedtrends and initiatives will have a great impact on the future of sustainability, though notnecessarily in their current focus. Some of the trends are emerging slowly and can easily befollowed while others arise and take off very quickly (e.g. ISO 26000). Some may at the

moment be nothing more than a tentative label or a wild idea (e.g. Benefit Sharing or the RobinHood Tax) but no one can really tell what they may lead to.

Inevitability

Although one cannot know which initiative will become a real trend, one that will stand out inthe crowd and contribute to shaping the future of sustainability, one way or another all currentinitiatives can be considered to have an impact on the developments in organisations andsociety at large. Each, in its own way, will help shape a future that lies ahead. This is why Isometimes refer to them as inevitable, meaning that no matter how we twist and turn it, theseinitiatives will shape the future. Each trend will run its own track and will contribute by itself tothe organisations and society of tomorrow. This is why it is crucial to pay heed to these on-

going trends. So much is taking place and so much can be learned from them, that it isimportant to assess the importance for a given line of business or to translate their implicationsinto future products and services, strategies and policies. Only the future will finallydemonstrate what their real impact will be.

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The list for 2010

This is the list of sixty initiatives in alphabetical order:

(1) Benefit sharing

(2) Bio-based Economy & -Production

(3) Bio-mass Divergence

(4) Bio-mimese & Bio-mimicry

(5) Bio-safe Assessment

(6) Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP)

(7) Cradle2Cradle (C2C)

(8) Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

(9) Carrot Mob

(10) Clean Technology

(11) CO2 Performance ladder

(12) CTA Assessment

(13) Cultural Creatives

(14) Downshifters/New Realism

(15) Eco-architecture (or) Green Buildings

(16) Eco-chic (fashion & life-style)

(17) Eco-innovation

(18) Eco-efficiency (as a product or business Hygiene Factor)

(19) Eco-licious (food)

(20) Ecopreneurs

(21) Eco-villages

(22) Embodied CO2 Taxation

(23) Embodied Energy Life Cycle Analysis (EE-LCA)

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(24) ESG Standards

(25) Firm-specific Eco-labelling

(26) Green Certificate

(27) Green Licensing

(28) Green Creative Commons

(29) Green pimping (or) up-scaling

(30) Green Development Mechanism (Biodiversity)

(31) Green (Cell) Shipping

(32) Guerrilla Gardening

(33) Impact Measurement

(34) International Integrated Reporting Committee (IIRC)

(35) ISO 26000

(36) Landfill Mining

(37) Locavore/Slow Food

(38) Locus Amoenus (Pleasant Place)

(39) Micro Franchising

(40) Micro Pension

(41) Mutual Gains Approach (MGA)

(42) Multiparty (eco) labelling

(43) Natural Chique

(44) Nudge(ing)

(45) Post-Fossil Design

(46) Regionalization (or) Regional Autonomy (energy, food, work etc.)

(47) Renewability

(48) Robin Hood Tax

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(49) Scarcity Management

(50) Social Entrepreneurs

(51) Social Innovation (be aware of different connotations!)

(52) Social Return on Investment (SRI)

(53) Streamlined Life Cycle Analysis (SLCA)

(54) Sustainable Procurement

(55) Transition Towns

(56) Transparency Benchmark

(57) Trias Energetica

(58) Urban Mining

(59) Value Chain Greening

(60) Yes = More (BIG)

A short description of these sixty trends (together with some references) is provided in thesecond half of this Call for Contributions.

Next Step: Crowd-Writing

Though I have a vague idea about what each of these trends or initiatives entails, as they are sowidely dispersed, defining and describing their meaning, succinctly yet professionally, may bea challenge too bold to take on by myself. The trends cover too many different areas ofexpertise. Therefore, it seems more valuable to invite people from various backgrounds andfrom different parts of the world to join me and to explore and describe them together. Findingand inviting sixty professionals, each wanting to adopt a specific trend that fits within theirfield of expertise, is what this Call is all about.

The collective effort of writing should lead to a book. It is an open approach that I would like totake on. I believe that our potential co-creation will have great added value for (1) all thoseparticipating and (2) the future readers of the result. I would like to call this approach crowd-writing rather than crowd-sourcing as it is more about writing together. Consequently, this

should lead to a publication instead of just another open-source wiki.

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Based on the arguments stated above I would like to place a call for contributions to all who areinterested in participating in this crowd-writing project.

This call is about selecting one trend and writing a short text on it with a maximum of 1.500words - approximately 5 pages including references and resources.

As the initiator and editor of this volume, decisions about acceptance of contributions will betaken by me. Those that accept the invitation to elaborate on a trend will be noted as co-authorsof the book and of course remain author of their chapter. All submitted material should be(copy)right free. In the last pages of the book, a list of short biographies of the co-authors willbe included.

In addition: a Survey

When this has been completed, the next step would be to investigate which of these trends willbe leading in the near future and thus will truly help to shape that future. To do this, a web-based survey will be held in which the trends are ranked by the respondents in the order of (1)estimated relevance and (2) impact on the future of sustainability. I will take charge in theexecution of this survey and in relating the findings. This step would make up for the finalcontribution to the publication.

The Product

The process suggested here is relatively open and flexible in that the participants will determinethe content. The result of their findings and the survey will be processed into a book. It will

most probably become an e-book, with hard-copies printed upon request. Talks with apublisher (Springer Verlag in Germany) are on-going and there is quite some interest. It is stilltoo early to decide, but more options are likely to emerge during the process that lies ahead. Ifthe approach chosen here is recognized in the market, we may choose to redo this every year,perhaps leading to the Annual Trends Barometer in CSR and SD.

The Audience

This publication will primarily be targeted at an international audience of professionals:consultants, decision makers, strategists and so on. The book is not necessarily intended onlyfor specialists in environmental science, governance or any specific field, but for all those thatwish to seek inspiration in the sustainability trends that impact the present and that may very

well shape the future of their organisations and institutions.

The Style

As the publication is targeted at professionals, a no-nonsense and factual style will be taken.Through each contribution, the reader should get a clear answer to (implicit) questions such aswhat, why, how and when, which will be supported by pertinent examples, illustrations

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and relevant digital and conventional sources that enable further exploration. Contributions willbe structured according to a format in order to enhance readability.

Timeline

Given the ephemeral nature of trends I would suggest to move rather quickly. The manuscriptshould be out a year from today at the latest. That would be the summer of 2011. Ascontributions to this book are short, the deadline seems feasible.

Sign-in

This is an open invitation to anyone who is interested in sustainability to contribute to this bookby offering to write a chapter on one of the initiatives listed above. Please send an email with ashort biography of yourself, and argumentation for why you believe you are the right person toadopt a specific trend. We are looking for professionals with a mature level of experience andan academic background. Please send all correspondence regarding this book and the Call forProposal to my editorial assistant Neal Faaij: (email) [email protected]

Deadline for signing-in is November 1st 2010.

Looking forward to hearing from you,

Jan JonkerAssociate ProfessorSustainability and Corporate ResponsibilityNijmegen School of Management (NSM) - Radboud University Nijmegen (RU)PO BOX 9108 - 6500 HK Nijmegen - Holland

e-mail:[email protected] (or)[email protected] around CSR: www.mvoscripties.nl; www.csrcenter.netCrowdsourcingsproject (Dutch): OCF 2.0 - www.ourcommonfuture.nl

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(1) Benefit sharing

Benefit sharing is about giving a portion of your benefits or profits back to those whoparticipated or contributed to a project in some way. The idea is to supply those wholack reasonable access to these profits or benefits. Contributions can be the supply offinance, knowledge, manpower and so on, to the community in which the institutionis located. Source(s): Schroeder, D.,Benefit Sharing its time for a definition, Journalof Medical Ethics 2007, 33 p. 205 209.http://jme.bmj.com/content/33/4/205.full

(2) Bio-based Economy & Production

Bio-based economy describes a future in which people rely more on renewableresources to meet society's needs for energy, chemicals and raw materials. Bio-basedrefers to the use of biomass and agricultural products in non-food applications, suchas transportation and energy. The bio-based economy and production consumes fewerresources and pollutes the environment less. Source(s):www.greatlakesbioenergy.org/research/bioenergy-glossary/;http://www.kennisonline.wur.nl/KB/KB-10/beschrijving.htm;www.scitopics.com

(3) Bio-mass Divergence

Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently deceased organisms.In the context of biomass for energy, this is often used to mean plant based material.

There are five basic categories of material. The availability, quality and type ofbiomass differ globally because of different local conditions. As there is widediversity in the characteristics and properties of these different classes of material,and their various sub-groups, there is also a wide range of conversion technologies tomake optimum use of them. This includes both thermal and chemical conversiontechnologies. Source(s): http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk;http://students4sustainability.net/wiki/index.php/Posters_kringlopen_MST-DOK_2008

(4) Biomimese & Biomimicry

Biomimese, also referred to as biomimicry or biomimetics, literally means theimitation of life. Scientists explore the principles of life to copy them into technology,so as to reintegrate technology into life. Biomimese focuses on the examination ofnature, its models, systems, processes, and elements in order to emulate or takeinspiration from it, which can be used to solve human problems. Examples of bio-mimese are a swimsuit with the features of sharkskin, to better glide through water,

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http://jme.bmj.com/content/33/4/205.fullhttp://jme.bmj.com/content/33/4/205.fullhttp://www.greatlakesbioenergy.org/research/bioenergy-glossary/http://www.kennisonline.wur.nl/KB/KB-10/beschrijving.htmhttp://www.kennisonline.wur.nl/KB/KB-10/beschrijving.htmhttp://www.scitopics.com/http://www.scitopics.com/http://www.scitopics.com/http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/http://students4sustainability.net/wiki/index.php/Posters_kringlopen_MST-DOK_2008http://jme.bmj.com/content/33/4/205.fullhttp://www.greatlakesbioenergy.org/research/bioenergy-glossary/http://www.kennisonline.wur.nl/KB/KB-10/beschrijving.htmhttp://www.scitopics.com/http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/http://students4sustainability.net/wiki/index.php/Posters_kringlopen_MST-DOK_2008


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and a wall walking robot inspired by a Geckos paw, providing ultimate grip onsmooth surfaces. Source(s): de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionik; Benyus, Janine (1997).Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature. New York, NY, USA: William Morrow

& Company, Inc.ISBN978-0688160999. ;http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/1999/4/designsfromlife.cfm

(5) Bio-safe Assessment

BIO-SAFE is a model for biodiversity impact assessment. It can assess the effects oflandscape reconstruction and management for protected and endangered species. TheDutch version can be applied within legal procedures (Flora and Fauna Act, NatureProtection Act, Habitat and Birds Directives) and environmental impact assessment.Versions have been developed for landscapes in Belgium, France, Germany, Portugal

and Poland. BIOSAFE is developed and marketed by Optimal Planet and theRadboud University.. Source(s):http://www.ru.nl/environmentalscience/research/rivers/bio-safe/

(6) Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP)The bottom of the pyramid is made up of the worlds 4 billion poorest people. Thephrase bottom of the pyramid is used in particular by people who develop newmodels of doing business that deliberately target that demographic, often using newtechnology. Increasingly, corporations acknowledge the Bottom of the Pyramid as aninteresting target group for long term investments. Source(s): Several books andjournal articles have been written by members of business schools on the burgeoningmarket. They include The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid byC.K. Prahalad of theUniversity of Michigan, Capitalism at the Crossroads byStuart L. Hart ofCornellUniversity and the first empirical article, Reinventing strategies for emerging markets:Beyond the transnational model, byTed London of the University of Michigan and Hart;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_of_the_pyramid

(7) Cradle to Cradle (C2C)

Cradle to Cradle Design is abiomimetic approach to the design of systems. It modelshuman industry on nature's processes in which materials are viewed as nutrients,circulating in healthy, safemetabolisms. William McDonough's book, written with hiscolleague, the German chemist Michael Braungart, is a manifesto calling for thetransformation of human industry through ecologically intelligent design. Throughhistorical sketches on the roots of the industrial revolution, commentary on science,nature and society, descriptions of key design principles, and compelling examples of

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0688160999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0688160999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fortune_at_the_Bottom_of_the_Pyramidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.K._Prahaladhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.K._Prahaladhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michiganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_L._Harthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_L._Harthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_Universityhttp://www.palgrave-journals.com/jibs/journal/v35/n5/abs/8400099a.htmlhttp://www.palgrave-journals.com/jibs/journal/v35/n5/abs/8400099a.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michiganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomimetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0688160999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fortune_at_the_Bottom_of_the_Pyramidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.K._Prahaladhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michiganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_L._Harthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_Universityhttp://www.palgrave-journals.com/jibs/journal/v35/n5/abs/8400099a.htmlhttp://www.palgrave-journals.com/jibs/journal/v35/n5/abs/8400099a.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michiganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomimetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism


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innovative products and business strategies, which are already reshaping themarketplace, McDonough and Braungart make the case that an industrial system that"takes, makes and wastes" can become a creator of goods and services, that generates

ecological, social and economic value. Source(s):http://www.cradletocradle.nl/home/322_certificering.htm; http://www.mbdc.com/detail.aspx?linkid=2&sublink=8

(8) Carbon Capture Storage (CCS)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is emitted into the atmosphere when we burn any fossil fuel,causing global warming, in addition to a number of other negative effects. CO2producing factors range from driving a car to the use of power plants. Carbon captureand storage (CCS), alternatively referred to as Carbon capture and sequestration, is a

means of capturing CO2 and storing it in such a way that it does not enter theatmosphere. CCS is a broad term that encompasses a number of technologies that canbe used to capture CO2 from point sources which compress it, such as power plantsand other industrial facilities, transport it mainly by pipeline to suitable locations, andinject it into deep subsurface geological formations for indefinite isolation from theatmosphere. Source(s): http://www.co2storage.org.uk/; www.ccsassociation.org;www.co2storage.org.uk

(9) Carrot Mob

Carrot Mob is a type of consumer activism in which businesses compete todemonstrate how socially responsible they can be. Subsequently, a network ofconsumers spends their money on whichever business makes the strongest offer. Seealso Nudge(ing). Source(s): http://www.carrotmob.org

(10) Clean Technology

Clean Technology or Cleantech consists of new technology and related businessmodels that offer competitive returns for investors and customers, while providingsolutions to global challenges. Life Cycle Assessment is central to Clean Technology,

as the way to identify overall resource usage and environmental damage. Source(s):http://cleantech.com; United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP);http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/publications/integrative/enta/aeet/1.asp

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http://www.cradletocradle.nl/home/322_certificering.htmhttp://www.mbdc.com/detail.aspx?linkid=2&sublink=8http://www.mbdc.com/detail.aspx?linkid=2&sublink=8http://www.mbdc.com/detail.aspx?linkid=2&sublink=8http://www.co2storage.org.uk/http://www.ccsassociation.org/http://www.co2storage.org.uk/http://www.carrotmob.org/http://cleantech.com/http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/publications/integrative/enta/aeet/1.asphttp://www.cradletocradle.nl/home/322_certificering.htmhttp://www.mbdc.com/detail.aspx?linkid=2&sublink=8http://www.mbdc.com/detail.aspx?linkid=2&sublink=8http://www.co2storage.org.uk/http://www.ccsassociation.org/http://www.co2storage.org.uk/http://www.carrotmob.org/http://cleantech.com/http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/publications/integrative/enta/aeet/1.asp


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(11) CO2 Performance Ladder

A Dutch organization ProRail has developed the CO2Performance Ladder, which ispart of a CO2 reduction program, encouraging businesses to supply sustainableproducts and manage their operations in a sustainable manner. The ladder has sixlevels, rising from 0 to 5, where 0 is the lowest score and 5 the highest score withregard to energy consumption awareness and CO2 emission. The precise requirementsare incorporated into a certification scheme and the audit checklists are based upon it.Source(s):http://cleantech.com;http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/26/59/42474417.pdf;http://www.kema.com/services/consulting/hse/co2ladder

(12) Clean Technology Assessment (CTA)

A Clean Technology is a means of providing a human benefit which, overall, usesless resources and causes less environmental damage than alternative means, withwhich it is economically competitive. CTA is a method that describes a process forevaluating and understanding the risk associated with the use of energy, air, water,waste and the implications for sustainability. Source(s):http://sustainableproduction.org; Roland, C. (2004) Clean technologyan introduction,Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology,Volume 62, Issue 4,pages 321326, April 1995; http://cleantech.com

(13) Cultural Creatives

Cultural Creatives is a term coined by sociologist Paul H. Ray andpsychologistSherryRuth Anderson to describe a large segment in Western society that has recentlydeveloped beyond the standardparadigm ofModernistsversus Traditionalists orConservatists. CCs are committed to slow in ways that are different from traditionalpeople. They are technologically sophisticated and understand that their best businessthinking often comes from a walk in the slow lane. Source(s):www.culturalcreatives.org

(14) Downshifters/ New Realism

Downshifters are people who prefer time over money. Downshifting is asocialbehaviorortrend in which individuals live simpler lives to escape from the rat race ofobsessive materialismand to reduce, over time, the stress and psychological expensethat may accompany it. Downshifters are people who adopt long-term voluntarysimplicity in their life. They accept less money by working less, in order to have time

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for the important things in life. Downshifters also place emphasis on consumingless in order to reduce their ecological footprint. Sources(s):http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downshifting;

http://www.slowmovement.com/downshifting.php

(15) Eco-architecture (or) Green Buildings

Eco-architecture, Green buildings, Green architecture, or Green design all refer to anapproach to building that minimizes harmful effects on human health and theenvironment. The green architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, andearth by choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction practices. It allconcentrates on creating structures and using processes that are environmentallyresponsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to

design, construction, operations, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction.Source(s):http://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/what-green-building-science;http://www.ecoarchwiki.net/;http://www.worldgbc.org/;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_building

(16) Eco-chic (fashion & life-style)

Eco-chic is a form of social conscience, where perceived impact is not only aboutwhich clothes you wear, but also how the clothes have been produced. Consequently,Eco-chic is a combination of fashion and environmental awareness. However, it is not

just about the perceived environmental impact of what you wear, but also about whoit was made by. Source(s): http://www.greenlivingtips.com/articles/133/1/What-is-eco-chic.html

(17) Eco-innovation

Ecological innovation is the development of new products that create value tocustomers, but reduce the (overall) environmental impact. Ecological innovators donot only have financial performance as their main goal, but strongly care forsustainability, corporate social responsibility and the creation of customer value as

well. The essence of their entrepreneurial endeavour is multiple value creation.Source(s):http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eco-innovation

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(18) Eco-efficiency (as a product or business Hygiene Factor)

Eco-efficiency is the concept of increasing the production of products and goods,while using less resources and subsequently decreasing the environmental impact.Eco-efficiency is basically producing more with less. Source(s):http://www.wbcsd.org/

(19) Eco-licious (food)

Eco-licious is an expression or phrase expressing favouritism of ecological andbiological products over others. With its roots in food and clothing, the coming yearsit is expected to appear in more and a greater variety of fields. Source(s): NRCWeekblad, 10 april 2010, interview with trend watcher Holde Roodhart overEcolicious (or) twitter.com/EcoliciousFoods

(20) Ecopreneurs

Ecopreneurs, also known as green entrepreneurs, eco-entrepreneurs andenvironmental entrepreneurs, transform global problems into opportunities forrestoration and healing, focused on ecologically friendly issues and causes,attempting to do business in a way that benefits the environment. In addition tooffering innovative, greener products (in many cases), they are foremost prone tomake their organization green in everything it does. Source(s): United NationsEnvironmental Programme (UNEP) http://blog.sustainablog.org/ecopreneur-or-

entrepreneur-whats-the-difference/

(21) Eco-villages

Eco-villages are intentional communities with the goal of becoming more socially,economically and ecologically sustainable. Eco-village members are united by sharedecological,social-economic and cultural-spiritualvalues. Many see the breakdown oftraditional forms of community, wasteful consumerist lifestyles, the destruction ofnatural habitat, urban sprawl, factory farming, and over-reliance on fossil fuels, astrends that must be changed to avert ecological disasters. Source(s):

http://www.ecovillages.com; http://gen.ecovillage.org/;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecovillage;

(22) Embodied CO2 Taxation

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http://www.wbcsd.org/http://www.wbcsd.org/http://blog.sustainablog.org/ecopreneur-or-entrepreneur-whats-the-differencehttp://blog.sustainablog.org/ecopreneur-or-entrepreneur-whats-the-differencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intentional_communitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_bottom_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_bottom_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiritual_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiritual_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerismhttp://www.ecovillages.com/http://gen.ecovillage.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecovillagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecovillagehttp://www.wbcsd.org/http://blog.sustainablog.org/ecopreneur-or-entrepreneur-whats-the-differencehttp://blog.sustainablog.org/ecopreneur-or-entrepreneur-whats-the-differencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intentional_communitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_bottom_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiritual_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerismhttp://www.ecovillages.com/http://gen.ecovillage.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecovillage


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Embodied CO2 Taxation aims at taxing the amount of energy used to manufacture acomplete product. The amount of tax that has to be paid is based upon (1) the energyused for all the different components, which have been transformed into the final

product, and (2) the manufacture of the final product itself (EE-LCA). Source(s):http://www.building.co.uk/comment/set-for-life/3083452.article

(23) Embodied Energy Life Cycle Analysis (EE-LCA)

The Embodied Energy Life Cycle Analysis measures all the embodied energy, fossilfuels, nuclear energy etc., used in the extraction, transportation, processing using anddisposing of materials (cradle to grave). Source(s):http://www.sustainableabc.com/lca.html ; http://www.igs.ie/getdoc/273bed52-e946-4084-968d-60daf593db73/5-Dr-Gary-White--- Embodied-Energy-Life-Cycle----Re.aspx

(24) ESG Standards

The ESG Standards provide the first investable index of companies whose businessstrategies and performance demonstrate a high level of commitment to meetingenvironmental, social and governance [ESG] standards. The index provides investorswith an instrument to incorporate sustainability measures into their investmentdecisions and will provide a model for the launch of similar indices in other emergingmarkets. Source(s):http://www.eqar.eu/application/requirements/european-standards-and-guidelines.html; http://www.csrwire.com

(25) Firm-specific Eco-labelling

Eco-labelling is the certification for non-food products that have less impact on theenvironment. At this moment the labels are universal labels for non-food products orservice groups. Firm-specific eco-labelling labels firms, not industries or productgroups, according to their environmental impact. Source(s): http://www.eco-label.com/

(26) Green Certificate

Green Certificate not to be confused with a Renewable Energy Certificate is atrend found in housing, hotels, training, consultancy and even countries as a whole,where in a programmatic manner products and services (or combinations of them) are

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http://www.building.co.uk/comment/set-for-life/3083452.articlehttp://www.sustainableabc.com/lca.htmlhttp://www.igs.ie/getdoc/273bed52-e946-4084-968d-60daf593db73/5-Dr-Gary-White---http://www.igs.ie/getdoc/273bed52-e946-4084-968d-60daf593db73/5-Dr-Gary-White---http://www.eqar.eu/application/requirements/european-standards-and-guidelines.htmlhttp://www.eqar.eu/application/requirements/european-standards-and-guidelines.htmlhttp://www.eqar.eu/application/requirements/european-standards-and-guidelines.htmlhttp://www.eco-label.com/http://www.eco-label.com/http://www.building.co.uk/comment/set-for-life/3083452.articlehttp://www.sustainableabc.com/lca.htmlhttp://www.igs.ie/getdoc/273bed52-e946-4084-968d-60daf593db73/5-Dr-Gary-White---http://www.igs.ie/getdoc/273bed52-e946-4084-968d-60daf593db73/5-Dr-Gary-White---http://www.eqar.eu/application/requirements/european-standards-and-guidelines.htmlhttp://www.eqar.eu/application/requirements/european-standards-and-guidelines.htmlhttp://www.eco-label.com/http://www.eco-label.com/


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development mechanism, International workshop for innovative financialmechanisms.http://www.cbd.int/financial/doc/gdm-exploring-the-case-en.pdf

(31) Green (Cell) Shipping

Although Green or eco-friendly shipping has been around for a while, it hasntreceived nearly enough publicity to make it a staple in the online business world. Thetheory behind green shipping is that if you cant shop local, you can at least void theimpact made, by having your CO2 emission compensated. From that description, youcan probably see that everything having to do with shipping has an environmentalprice. Source(s): https://www.greenshipping.com/;http://www.informaglobalevents.com/event/greenshiptechnology;http://www.grist.org/article/shipping2/;

(32) Guerrilla Gardening

Guerrilla gardening is an activity, achieved by short running activities, aimed at thecreation of a greener environment in mostly urban environments and cities. Withoutthe permission of the government or other owners of the land, the streets are beingreclaimed for gardens and green. Source(s): http://www.guerrillagardening.org/;http://www.pluspost.nl/guerilla-gardening-rukt-op-in-nederland/9618

(33) Impact Measurement

Even though the impact of social entrepreneurs seems apparent, it is hard to measureit objectively. Its been said that if you dont measure it, then it doesnt matter.However it does matter and we need to know how much exactly. ImpactMeasurement deals with this issue. Source(s): www.impact-measurement-centre.com;www.impactmeasurement.co.in; www.impactmeasurement.net;http://www.socialedge.org/blogs/berkeley-bottom-line-2008

(34) International Integrated Reporting Committee (IIRC)

The IIRC's remit is to create a globally accepted framework for accounting forsustainability: a framework which brings together financial, environmental, socialand governance information in a clear, concise, consistent and comparable format.The intention is to help with the development of more comprehensive andcomprehensible information about an organizations total performance, prospective

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http://www.cbd.int/financial/doc/gdm-exploring-the-case-en.pdfhttp://www.cbd.int/financial/doc/gdm-exploring-the-case-en.pdfhttps://www.greenshipping.com/http://www.informaglobalevents.com/event/greenshiptechnologyhttp://www.grist.org/article/shipping2/http://www.grist.org/article/shipping2/http://www.guerrillagardening.org/http://www.pluspost.nl/guerilla-gardening-rukt-op-in-nederland/9618http://www.impact-measurement-centre.com/http://www.impactmeasurement.co.in/http://www.impactmeasurement.net/http://www.socialedge.org/blogs/berkeley-bottom-line-2008http://www.cbd.int/financial/doc/gdm-exploring-the-case-en.pdfhttps://www.greenshipping.com/http://www.informaglobalevents.com/event/greenshiptechnologyhttp://www.grist.org/article/shipping2/http://www.guerrillagardening.org/http://www.pluspost.nl/guerilla-gardening-rukt-op-in-nederland/9618http://www.impact-measurement-centre.com/http://www.impactmeasurement.co.in/http://www.impactmeasurement.net/http://www.socialedge.org/blogs/berkeley-bottom-line-2008


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Locus Amoenus comes from Latin and means pleasant place. It generally refers toan idealized place of safety or comfort. In the context of CSR and SD it is used toindicate that in order to create necessary changes these kinds of places need to be

created, hidden from the oppressing social order. Source(s):http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_amoenus

(39) Micro Franchising

Micro franchising is a development tool that seeks to apply the proven marketing andoperational concepts of traditional franchising to small businesses in the developingworld. The underlying intent of a micro franchise is to alleviate poverty through thecreation and provision of sound, proven businesses that will in turn increase theearning potential of the micro franchisee. Micro franchises are independently owned

and operated; thus, they create income for the individual owner and the ownersemployees, while simultaneously providing needed goods and services at anaffordable price. Source(s): http://microfranchising.blogspot.com

(40) Micro Pension

Micro pensions offer poor people a way to generate capital reserves for theirretirement. They are based on voluntary savings, accumulated over a long period,which are intermediated through financial and capital markets by a professional fundmanager. Source(s): http://www.dnaindia.com/money/column_micro-pensions-can-serve-

social-security_1078494 ; http://www.pensiondevelopment.org/315/the-need-for-micro-pensions.htm

(41) Mutual Gains Approach (MGA)

The Mutual Gains Approach (MGA) to negotiation is a process model, based onexperimental findings and hundreds of real-world cases. It lays out four steps fornegotiating better outcomes, while protecting relationships and reputation. A centraltenet of the model, and the robust theory that underlies it, is that a vast majority ofnegotiations in the real world involve parties who have more than one goal or concern

in mind, and more than one issue that can be addressed in the agreement they reach.The model allows parties to improve their chances of creating an agreement superiorto existing alternatives. Source(s): www.mutual-gains.com;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_Gains_Approach

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_amoenushttp://microfranchising.blogspot.com/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/column_micro-pensions-can-serve-social-security_1078494http://www.dnaindia.com/money/column_micro-pensions-can-serve-social-security_1078494http://www.pensiondevelopment.org/315/the-need-for-micro-pensions.htmhttp://www.pensiondevelopment.org/315/the-need-for-micro-pensions.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negotiationhttp://www.mutual-gains.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_Gains_Approachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_amoenushttp://microfranchising.blogspot.com/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/column_micro-pensions-can-serve-social-security_1078494http://www.dnaindia.com/money/column_micro-pensions-can-serve-social-security_1078494http://www.pensiondevelopment.org/315/the-need-for-micro-pensions.htmhttp://www.pensiondevelopment.org/315/the-need-for-micro-pensions.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negotiationhttp://www.mutual-gains.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_Gains_Approach


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(42) Multiparty (eco) labelling

Multiparty ecolabelling concerns the creation and certification of combined eco-labels, leading to a new brand or label which in turn can be certified. Largeretailers use this kind of multiparty labelling to simplify the choices for theircustomers. Source(s): http://www.globalecolabelling.net/whatis.html

(43) Natural Chique (chic)

Natural chique is a part of eco-chic, where eco friendly and green living is supportedin fashion, living and beauty; where for example products or people that have beenkept natural, without modifications, are considered to be chique. Source(s):http://www.styleathome.com/blogs/naturalchic/;http://www.greenlivingtips.com/articles/133/1/What-is-eco-chic.html

(44) Nudge (ing)

Grounded in social psychology nudging is pushing against something gently in orderto pay attention or to give a signal. Nudging is a form of manipulation where thefreedom of choice of a person is manipulated in such a way that it improves thepersons behaviour and choices. Source(s): http://nudges.org;http://www.zonmw.nl/nl/organisatie/nieuws/nieuws/item/nudging/

(45) Post-Fossil Design

Post-Fossil Design involves a collective of designers who design objects in a post-fossil age of resource scarcity and loss of fossil fuels. They focus on designingobjects with a long life, while responsibly using natural and sustainable resources,such as earth and timber. Source(s):http://design.nl/item/post_fossil_back_to_the_future; http://www.postfossil.ch/postfossil

(46) Regionalization (or) Regional Autonomy (energy, food, work etc.)

Regionalization is the opposite of globalization and signifies the tendency to formregions. In this way the world is less connected, which has several implications. Forinstance, wealth is kept by the regions owning the resources used, and there is nooutsourcing of job vacancies, knowledge and education, since it is being dealt withregionally. Source(s): http://www.greenfacts.org;

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into account three bullet points: price, quality and third-party consequences ofprocurement decisions. Source(s): Department for Environment, Food and RuralAffairs, June 2006, Procuring the Future - The Sustainable Procurement Task Force

National Action Plan, [online] athttp://www.sustainabledevelopment.gov.uk/publications/procurementaction-plan/index.htm;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_procurement

(55) Transition Towns

A Transition Initiative (which could be a town, village, university or island etc) is acommunity-led response to the pressures of climate change, fossil fuel depletion andincreasingly, economic contraction. There are thousands of initiatives around theworld starting their journey to answer this crucial question: "for all those aspects of

life that this community needs in order to sustain itself and thrive, how do wesignificantly rebuild resilience (to mitigate the effects of Peak Oil and economiccontraction) and drastically reduce carbon emissions (to mitigate the effects ofClimate Change)?" Source(s):http:// www.transitiontowns .org

(56) Transparency Benchmark

Transparency concerns a lack of hidden agendas and conditions, accompanied by theavailability offullinformationrequired forcollaboration, cooperation, and collective

decision making. It implies a minimum degree ofdisclosurein which agreements,dealings,practices, and transactionsare opento all forverification.A benchmark is a point of reference against which something may be measured.

Benchmarks may be defined for (1) an institution (or sub-institutional unit) as targets,possibly on a continuous basis, (2) the basis of comparison between two or moreinstitutions (or sub-institutional units) and (3) specifications of processes that can becompared as a basis for identifying, for example, optimum effectiveness, efficiencyor transparency.Hence, a Transparency Benchmark provides external parties (1) the possibility to get

a full and clear understanding of an institution, and (2) the means to estimate itsintrinsic score as compared with (somewhat) similar institutions.

Source(s):http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/transparency.html#ixzz0zIC42bwI

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/transparency.html#ixzz0zIBrfFUH;http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glossary/benchmark.htm

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http://www.sustainabledevelopment.gov.uk/publications/procurementaction-plan/index.htmhttp://www.sustainabledevelopment.gov.uk/publications/procurementaction-plan/index.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_procurementhttp://www.transitiontowns.org/http://www.transitiontowns.org/http://www.transitiontowns.org/http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/agenda.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/condition.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/availability.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/2106/full.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/required.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/collaboration.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/cooperation.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/decision-making.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/degree.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/disclosure.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/disclosure.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/disclosure.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/agreement.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/practice.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/transaction.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/transaction.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/3432/open.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/3432/open.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/verification.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/transparency.html#ixzz0zIC42bwIhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/transparency.html#ixzz0zIBrfFUHhttp://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glossary/benchmark.htmhttp://www.sustainabledevelopment.gov.uk/publications/procurementaction-plan/index.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_procurementhttp://www.transitiontowns.org/http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/agenda.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/condition.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/availability.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/2106/full.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/required.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/collaboration.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/cooperation.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/decision-making.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/degree.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/disclosure.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/agreement.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/practice.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/transaction.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/3432/open.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/verification.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/transparency.html#ixzz0zIC42bwIhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/transparency.html#ixzz0zIBrfFUHhttp://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glossary/benchmark.htm


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(57) Trias Energetica

Trias Energetica is a concept that helps organizations and households to achieveenergy savings. The concept consists of three steps: (1) reduce the demand for energyby avoiding waste and implementing energy-saving measures, (2) use sustainablesources of energy instead of finite fossil fuels or nuclear power and(3) produce anduse fossil energy as efficiently as possible. Source(s): www.senternovem.nl;www.triasnergetica.com

(58) Urban Mining

Urban Mining is the process of reclaiming compounds and elements from products,buildings and waste from the urban environment. Urban mining seeks to recoverthese increasingly valuable resources before they are sent to a landfill. Hence, it is afancy name for sophisticated garbage collection and the re-use of urban waste,ultimately lessening the environmental impact caused by unnecessary disposal ofresources. Source(s): http://urbanmining.org/

(59) Value Chain Greening (VCG)

Companies are improving their environmental performance throughout the wholevalue chain, as they realize that future performance is not only about the profitabilityof a company, but also about the future of people and the environment. VCG consistsof various topics, such as green production, green purchasing, green design and greendevelopment. Source(s): Staples, A., Greening the value chain: building competitiveadvantage through sustainability, Gerpisa colloquium, Berlin (2010)http://gerpisa.org/en/node/774; Tan, J., Zailani, S., (2009), Green Value Chain in theContext of Sustainability Development and Competitive Advantage, Global Journal ofEnvironmental Research, 3 (3) p. 234 245; http://www.idosi.org/gjer/gjer3(3)09/14.pdf

(60) Yes = More (BIG)

Initiated by the Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG), centred in between the two opposing

extremes of architecture; the avant-garde architecture and the predictable boringboxes architecture. Yes = More is a pragmatic utopian architectural stream that takeson the creation of economically, socially and environmentally perfect places.Source(s): www.design.nl;http://www.dsgnwrld.com/yes-is-more-an-archicomic-on-architectural-evolution-by-bjarke-ingels-8353/

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http://www.senternovem.nl/http://www.triasnergetica.com/http://urbanmining.org/http://urbanmining.org/http://gerpisa.org/en/node/774http://gerpisa.org/en/node/774http://www.idosi.org/gjer/gjer3(3)09/14.pdfhttp://www.design.nl/http://www.design.nl/http://www.dsgnwrld.com/yes-is-more-an-archicomic-on-architectural-evolution-by-bjarke-ingels-8353/http://www.dsgnwrld.com/yes-is-more-an-archicomic-on-architectural-evolution-by-bjarke-ingels-8353/http://www.dsgnwrld.com/yes-is-more-an-archicomic-on-architectural-evolution-by-bjarke-ingels-8353/http://www.senternovem.nl/http://www.triasnergetica.com/http://urbanmining.org/http://gerpisa.org/en/node/774http://www.idosi.org/gjer/gjer3(3)09/14.pdfhttp://www.design.nl/http://www.dsgnwrld.com/yes-is-more-an-archicomic-on-architectural-evolution-by-bjarke-ingels-8353/http://www.dsgnwrld.com/yes-is-more-an-archicomic-on-architectural-evolution-by-bjarke-ingels-8353/


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About Jan Jonker

Jan Jonker works at the Nijmegen School of Management (NSM) of the Radboud UniversityNijmegen in The Netherlands. His research interests lie at the crossroad of management andcorporate social responsibility (CSR). He is particularly interested in the development ofbusiness concepts and strategy with a strong emphasis on implementation. Most fundamentalfor him is the ability to contribute to the new roles and functions of the business enterprise incontemporary society. In the past ten years he has taught courses related to SustainableDevelopment (SD) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).

He has taken the initiative in setting up an executive education programme in the field of CSRand SD on a national (Dutch) and European level (accredited by the EU). One of his recentprojects is the development of a European-oriented part-time four-year PhD School on thecentral theme of the Responsible Organisation (RESORG). The first promotion of this schoolstarts in the autumn of 2010 in Nijmegen.

So far he has authored or co-authored twenty books and published over a hundred and fiftyarticles. Recent book are Management Models for the Future (Springer, 2009), ManagementModels for CSR (Springer, 2006), The Challenge of Organising and Implementing CSR(Palgrave, 2006) and CSR across Europe (Springer, 2005). Two of his recent books will betranslated and published into Spanish, French, Portuguese, Dutch and German. Also, JanJonker has given many (public) lectures and presentations around the world (e.g. US, Australia,Italy, Spain, Norway etc.) and is (or has been) visiting professor at the University of Toulouse,ICN Business School Nancy, Business School Nottingham (ICCSR), RMIT University, ESCBusiness School Toulouse, ESEC Barcelona and Aarhus School of Business.

He is a member of the editorial board of several journals including: Measuring BusinessExcellence (MCB UK), The Journal of Corporate Citizenship (Greenleaf-UK), CorporateSocial Responsibility and Environmental Management (Wiley-UK), Estonian Business Review(Estonia) and R.O.R. (France). He was member of numerous scientific & organisingcommittees.

All his work concentrates on greening the contemporary business enterprise in a

fundamental manner through research, publications, public talks, conferences and

teaching.

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signs of tomorrow: call for contributions

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