significado del microzooplancton en el ecosistema de afloramiento costero de la ría de vigo f.g....
TRANSCRIPT
Significado del microzooplancton en el ecosistema de afloramiento costero
de la Ría de Vigo
F.G. Figueiras1, I.G. Teixeira1, B.G. Crespo1,2, S. Piedracoba1,3
1Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas-CSIC Vigo, Spain2Biology Department, WHOI, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA
3Bodega Marine Laboratory, Bodega Bay, USA
RiasBaixas
Vigo
8 .9 0 ° 8 .8 0 ° 8 .7 0 ° 8 .6 0 °4 2 .1 5 °
4 2 .2 0 °
4 2 .2 5 °
4 2 .3 0 °
4 2 .3 5 °
4075
Ría de Vigo
20
N
W
J u lia n d a y
1 3 1 6 1 9 1 1 2 1 1 5 1 1 8 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 2 7 1 3 0 1 3 3 1 3 6 1
-Qx
(m3 s
-1 k
m-1
)
-1 2 5 0
-1 0 0 0
-7 5 0
-5 0 0
-2 5 0
0
2 5 0
5 0 0
7 5 0
1 0 0 0
U pw elling indexEkm an transport
Mar
ch
Oct
ober
Upwelling
Downwelling
Average 1987-1995Average single years
01/02/87 01/06/87 01/10/87 01/02/88
-Qx
(m3 s
-1 k
m-1
)
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
PositiveConvergence
11/ 7 13/ 7 15/ 7 17/ 7 19/ 7 21/ 7 27/ 725/ 7 29/ 723/ 7
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
O
IO O
I I
-10-50510
m/s
11/ 7 13/ 7 15/ 7 17/ 7 19/ 7 21/ 7 27/ 725/ 7 29/ 723/ 711/ 7 13/ 7 15/ 7 17/ 7 19/ 7 21/ 7 27/ 725/ 7 29/ 723/ 7
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
O
IO O
I I
-10-50510
m/s
-10-50510
m/s
win
dsp
eed
dep
th(m
)
dayof 2002
Upw
Down
Piedracoba et al. (2005)Reversal
N N
2 weeks
Upwelledwater
Crespo et al. 2006
Upwelling
Upw
elli
ng in
dex
Diatoms biovolumeUpwelling index
Bio
volu
me
Figueiras and Ríos 1993
month
Jan March May July Sept NovN
O3- (
µm
ol k
g-1)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Chl
a (
mg
m-3
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12NO3
-
Chl a
Jan March May July Sept Nov-Qx
(m3 s
-1 k
m-1
of
coa
st)
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
Phytoplankton
upwelling
PRIMAVERA
OTO
ÑO
VERANO
Diatomeas bentónicas
Coscinodiscus spp.
Th. rotula
Ch. curvisetus Lauderia annulata
Pseudo-nitzschia spp.
Gyr. spirale
Pequeños Chaetoceros spp.
CiliadosFlagelados
Protoperidinium spp.
Ceratium fusus Ceratium furca
Heterosigma akashiwo
Est
rati
fica
ción
Mez
cla
INV
IERN
O
Gymnodinium catenatum
Karenia cf. mikimotoi
Nu
t rie
nt e
s n
uev
os
Nu
trie
nte
s re
gen
erad
os
Pequeños flagelados
Skeletonema spp.
Diat, Dino, CiliDiatom
eas
Mar
eas
roja
s
Dinoflagelados
PRIMAVERA
OTO
ÑO
VERANO
Diatomeas bentónicas
Coscinodiscus spp.
Th. rotula
Ch. curvisetus Lauderia annulata
Pseudo-nitzschia spp.
Gyr. spirale
Pequeños Chaetoceros spp.
CiliadosFlagelados
Protoperidinium spp.
Ceratium fusus Ceratium furca
Heterosigma akashiwo
Est
rati
fica
ción
Mez
cla
INV
IERN
O
Gymnodinium catenatum
Karenia cf. mikimotoi
Nu
t rie
nt e
s n
uev
os
Nu
trie
nte
s re
gen
erad
os
Pequeños flagelados
Skeletonema spp.
Diat, Dino, CiliDiatom
eas
Mar
eas
roja
s
Dinoflagelados
PRIMAVERA
OTO
ÑO
VERANO
Diatomeas bentónicas
Coscinodiscus spp.
Th. rotula
Ch. curvisetus Lauderia annulata
Pseudo-nitzschia spp.
Gyr. spirale
Pequeños Chaetoceros spp.
CiliadosFlagelados
Protoperidinium spp.
Ceratium fusus Ceratium furca
Heterosigma akashiwo
Est
rati
fica
ción
Mez
cla
INV
IERN
O
Gymnodinium catenatum
Karenia cf. mikimotoi
Nu
tri e
nte
s n
uev
os
Nu
trie
nte
s re
gen
erad
os
Pequeños flagelados
Skeletonema spp.
Diat, Dino, CiliDiatom
eas
Mar
eas
roja
s
Dinoflagelados
PRIMAVERA
OTO
ÑO
VERANO
Diatomeas bentónicas
Coscinodiscus spp.
Th. rotula
Ch. curvisetus Lauderia annulata
Pseudo-nitzschia spp.
Gyr. spirale
Pequeños Chaetoceros spp.
CiliadosFlagelados
Protoperidinium spp.
Ceratium fusus Ceratium furca
Heterosigma akashiwo
Est
rati
fica
ción
Mez
cla
INV
IERN
O
Gymnodinium catenatum
Karenia cf. mikimotoi
Nu
tri e
nte
s n
uev
os
Nu
trie
nte
s re
gen
erad
os
Pequeños flagelados
Skeletonema spp.
Diat, Dino, CiliDiatom
eas
Mar
eas
roja
s
Dinoflagelados
ktt eCC 0
mtC
Ck t
1
ln0
mXk
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1Fraction of unfiltered seawater (X)
Ne
t gro
wth
rate
(k,
d-1
)
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1Fraction of unfiltered seawater (X)
Ne
t gro
wth
rate
(k,
d-1
)
MÉTODO DE DILUCIÓNLandry & Hassett (1982)
MuestraAguafiltrada
Determinaciones debiomasas de los gruposde plancton
8 .9 0 ° 8 .8 0 ° 8 .7 0 ° 8 .6 0 °4 2 .1 5 °
4 2 .2 0 °
4 2 .2 5 °
4 2 .3 0 °
4 2 .3 5 °
4075
Ría de Vigo
20
N
W
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th
15/7
18/7
22/7
26/7
15/7
18/7
22/
7
26/
7
15/7
18/7
22/7
26/7
-40
-30
-20
-10
0D
epth
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th
18/2
21/2
25
/2
28/
2
11/4
15/4
18/4
28
/4
salinity tem perature nitratea b c
d e f
g h i
j k lF
ebru
ary
Ap
ril
July
Se
pte
mb
er
18/2
21/2
25
/2
28/
2
18
/2
21/2
25
/2
28
/2
11/4
15/4
18
/4
28
/4
11/4
15/4
18
/4
28
/4
8 .9 0 ° 8 .8 0 ° 8 .7 0 ° 8 .6 0 °4 2 .1 5 °
4 2 .2 0 °
4 2 .2 5 °
4 2 .3 0 °
4 2 .3 5 °
4075
Ría de Vigo
20
N
W
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th
15/7
18/7
22/7
26/7
15/7
18/7
22/
7
26/
7
15/7
18/7
22/7
26/7
-40
-30
-20
-10
0D
epth
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th
18/2
21/2
25
/2
28/
2
11/4
15/4
18/4
28
/4
salinity tem perature nitratea b c
d e f
g h i
j k lF
ebru
ary
Ap
ril
July
Se
pte
mb
er
18/2
21/2
25
/2
28/
2
18
/2
21/2
25
/2
28
/2
11/4
15/4
18
/4
28
/4
11/4
15/4
18
/4
28
/4
Diatoms21 Feb
k(d
-1)
0
1
2
HB11 Apr
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.20
1
2
3-1
0
1
2
Fraction of unfiltered seawater
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2-1
0
1
2
-2
-1
0
1
2
ANF26 Jul
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2-2
-1
0
1
2
b
c
e
f
h
i
Linear Saturated Saturated-increased
-1
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
chl a21 Feb
0
1
2a d g
chl a26 Jul
chl a18 Jul
Diatoms18 Jul
Diatoms26 Jul
HB18 Jul
Fraction of unfiltered seawater (X) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Net
gro
wth
rate
(k,
d-1
)
Fraction of unfiltered seawater (X) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Net
gro
wth
rate
(k,
d-1
)
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Net
gro
wth
rate
(k,
d-1
) k = µ - mX
m = k - µDiatoms21 Feb
k(d
-1)
0
1
2
HB11 Apr
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.20
1
2
3-1
0
1
2
Fraction of unfiltered seawater
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2-1
0
1
2
-2
-1
0
1
2
ANF26 Jul
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2-2
-1
0
1
2
b
c
e
f
h
i
Linear Saturated Saturated-increased
-1
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
chl a21 Feb
0
1
2a d g
chl a26 Jul
chl a18 Jul
Diatoms18 Jul
Diatoms26 Jul
HB18 Jul
mg
C m
-3
0
40
80
120
160
mg
C m
-3
0
200
400
600
800
mg
chl a
m-3
0
2
4
6
8ADFANFDiatoms Chl a
mg
C m
-3
0
200
400
600
800
1000a
b
cHNFHDFCiliates
HCAC
21/0
2
28/0
2
11/0
4
18/0
4
18/0
7
26/0
7
19/0
9
26/0
9
Day/Month
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th
15/7
18/7
22/7
26/7
15/7
18/7
22
/7
26
/7
15/7
18/7
22/7
26/7
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
De
pth
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th
18/2
21/2
25
/2
28
/2
11/4
15/4
18/4
28
/4
salinity tem perature nitratea b c
d e f
g h i
j k l
Feb
rua
ryA
pri
lJu
lyS
ep
tem
be
r
18/2
21/2
25
/2
28
/2
18
/2
21/2
25
/2
28
/2
11/4
15/4
18
/4
28
/4
11/4
15/4
18
/4
28
/4
Hid
rogr
afía
Bio
mas
a in
icia
l de
plan
cton
mg
C m
-3
0
40
80
120
160
mg
C m
-3
0
200
400
600
800
mg
chl a
m-3
0
2
4
6
8ADFANFDiatoms Chl a
mg
C m
-3
0
200
400
600
800
1000a
b
cHNFHDFCiliates
HCAC
21/0
2
28/0
2
11/0
4
18/0
4
18/0
7
26/0
7
19/0
9
26/0
9
Day/Month
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th
15/7
18/7
22/7
26/7
15/7
18/7
22
/7
26
/7
15/7
18/7
22/7
26/7
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
De
pth
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th
18/2
21/2
25
/2
28
/2
11/4
15/4
18/4
28
/4
salinity tem perature nitratea b c
d e f
g h i
j k l
Feb
rua
ryA
pri
lJu
lyS
ep
tem
be
r
18/2
21/2
25
/2
28
/2
18
/2
21/2
25
/2
28
/2
11/4
15/4
18
/4
28
/4
11/4
15/4
18
/4
28
/4
Hid
rogr
afía
Bio
mas
a in
icia
l de
plan
cton
mg
C m
-3
0
40
80
120
160
mg
C m
-3
0
200
400
600
800
mg
chl a
m-3
0
2
4
6
8ADFANFDiatoms Chl a
mg
C m
-3
0
200
400
600
800
1000a
b
cHNFHDFCiliates
HCAC
21/0
2
28/0
2
11/0
4
18/0
4
18/0
7
26/0
7
19/0
9
26/0
9
Day/Month
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th
15/7
18/7
22/7
26/7
15/7
18/7
22
/7
26
/7
15/7
18/7
22/7
26/7
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
De
pth
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
17/9
19/9
23/9
26/9
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Dep
th
18/2
21/2
25
/2
28
/2
11/4
15/4
18/4
28
/4
salinity tem perature nitratea b c
d e f
g h i
j k l
Feb
rua
ryA
pri
lJu
lyS
ep
tem
be
r
18/2
21/2
25
/2
28
/2
18
/2
21/2
25
/2
28
/2
11/4
15/4
18
/4
28
/4
11/4
15/4
18
/4
28
/4
Hid
rogr
afía
Bio
mas
a in
icia
l de
plan
cton
Bacteria 17 ± 9 mg C m-3
HPF 13 ± 5 mg C m-3
m (
d-1)
0
1
2
3DiatomsANFAPFSynechococcus
µ (d-1)
0 1 2 3
m (
d-1)
0
1
2
3HBHPFHNF
a
b
m (
d-1)
0
1
2
3DiatomsANFAPFSynechococcus
µ (d-1)
0 1 2 3
m (
d-1)
0
1
2
3HBHPFHNF
a
b
mg
C m
-3 d
-1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200HC ACTC
a
mg
C m
-3 d
-1
0
40
80
120
160HB HPF HNF HC
c
21/0
2
28/0
2
11/0
4
18/0
4
18/0
7
26/0
7
19/0
9
26/0
9
mg
C m
-3 d
-1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
mg
Chl
a m
-3 d
-1
0
4
8
12
16SynechococcusAPF ANF Diatoms AC Chl a
b
G = m Cm
Biomasa consumida
Plankton group 21 Feb 28 Feb 11 Apr 18 Apr 18 Jul 26 Jul 19 Sep 26 Sep Autotrophs Diatoms 27 14 na na 85 55 na na ANF na 73 234 na 23 0 92 21 APF 48 na 216 na 100 89 40 58 Synechococcus 20 na 57 124 78 17 32 61 chl a 26 32 871 617 37 103 65 19 AC 28 28 184 124 83 55 56 33 Heteterotrophs HNF na na 118 578 14 62 na na HPF 119 113 65 112 100 63 135 110 HB 66 59 63 119 123 75 91 85 HC 120 67 75 209 58 70 102 58 Total Carbon 24 55 75 299 79 60 104 41
Plankton group 21 Feb 28 Feb 11 Apr 18 Apr 18 Jul 26 Jul 19 Sep 26 Sep Autotrophs Diatoms 30 9 na na 68 52 na na ANF na 53 57 na 28 0 55 27 APF 50 na 79 na 75 92 72 83 Synechococcus 11 na 69 32 59 24 21 66 Chl a 30 21 46 43 44 89 21 22 AC 30 19 54 32 67 52 39 44 Heteterotrophs HNF na na 58 47 19 68 na na HPF 93 76 72 86 86 82 85 88 HB 61 73 78 77 85 81 84 62 HC 58 65 55 63 56 72 47 37 Total Carbon 20 46 45 34 65 57 23 12
% de biomasa producida consumida
%P = m / µ
% de biomasa inicial consumida
%SS = 1 – e-m
~47%
95 ± 51%
~40%
57 ±11%
102 ± 2685 ± 25
84 ± 775 ± 9
CONCLUSIONES
El microzooplancton es un importante consumidor de plancton autótrofo y heterótrofo en la Ría
El bucle microbiano está siempre presenteVariaciones en el consumo se deben a diatomeas
Red trófica microbiana contribuye a la retención de carbono en fase pelágica
La red trófica en las Rías es multívora