sigmund freud father of psychoanalysis. history vienna, austria studied medicine & neurology...
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Sigmund Freud
Father of Psychoanalysis
History
Vienna, Austria Studied medicine & neurology during late
1800s Opened practice in Vienna and treated many
women with hysteria Moved to England to escape Nazi
persecution and died in 1939
Theory of the Unconscious
Conscious- aware Unconscious- unaware Free Association-
technique of psychoanalysis in which patients are encouraged to talk freely(interpretation, resistance, transference)
Conscious
Unconscious
3 Divisions of the Mind
1. Ego- reality principle, policy of satisfying desires only if there is a socially acceptable outlet
2. Id- pleasure principle, satisfy desires and avoid pain
3. SuperEgo- applies moral restrictions
3 Divisions of the Mind
Id SuperEgo
Ego
Defense Mechanisms
If the Id and SuperEgo clash the result is anxiety
The Ego uses defense mechanisms to reduce this anxiety
1. Rationalization- hiding true feelings by making up excuses
2. Denial- refusing to recognize
Defense Mechanisms
3. Repression- pushing unacceptable feeling into the unconscious
4. Projection- attribute your own unacceptable behavior onto others
5. Reaction Formation- substituting feelings/behaviors that are direct opposite of unacceptable ones
Defense Mechanisms
6. Displacement- transferring feelings to an object or other person
7. Sublimation- redirecting forbidden desire into a social acceptable way
8. Regression- reverting to child-like behavior
5 Psychosexual Stages
First 5 yrs are most important in personality of development
Each stage is centered around a libido= sexual energy which can be any form of pleasure
Fixation can occur in the first 3 stages
5 Psychosexual Stages
1. Oral: birth to 18mo. Libido = mouth: sucking, chewing, biting Fixation- overeating, smoking, gum chewing
2. Anal: 1 ½- 3yr. Libido = anus Fixation-anal retentive (behaving rigidly) or
anal expulsive (messy, carefree)
5 Psychosexual Stages
3. Phallic: 3-6yr Libido= genitals Oedipus Complex (boys) & Electra Complex (girls)-
child competes with same sex parent for affections of the opposite parent
Castration Anxiety Penis Envy Fixation: Boys- prove toughness, Girls- inferiority
complex
5 Psychosexual Stages
4. Latency: 7 to puberty Repression of sexual thoughts Same-sex friends
5. Genital: puberty to adulthood Renewed sexual desires that are fulfilled
through relationships with others