shyd08110771en

Printed June 2011

sisHYD V8i(SELECTseries 2)

HandbookDAA039680-1/0002

2 sisHYD Handbook

4 sisHYD Handbook

Table of contents

Table of contents _________________________________________________ 5

Preface _________________________________________________________ 11

I. Operation1. General remarks on use

Dialogs __________________________________________________________ 15Dataset names _________________________________________________ 15Standard button ________________________________________________ 16Size modification ________________________________________________ 17Context menus (right key menus) ___________________________________ 17Editing tables __________________________________________________ 18

Special dialogs ____________________________________________________ 19Dialog mask “Edit table” __________________________________________ 19

Graphic tools _____________________________________________________ 21Snap function __________________________________________________ 21Localization/snap distance ________________________________________ 22

sisHYD browser ___________________________________________________ 23

2. The menu “File”Switch project __________________________________________________ 26New project ____________________________________________________ 26Open project ___________________________________________________ 27Close project ___________________________________________________ 28Set > Basic card… ______________________________________________ 28Basic map > Remove all __________________________________________ 28Basic map > Settings vector maps __________________________________ 28Import > sisHYD archives _________________________________________ 28Import > sisHYD Oracle __________________________________________ 28Import > sisNET ________________________________________________ 29Import > Combine projects ________________________________________ 29Import > Customer data from Excel _________________________________ 29Import > Piping classes from Excel _________________________________ 29

sisHYD Handbook 5

Table of contents

Imports > Customer data _________________________________________ 30Import > Customer invoice dates ___________________________________ 32Export > sisHYD archives _________________________________________ 33Export > sisHYD Oracle __________________________________________ 33Export > Customer ______________________________________________ 33Export > Pipe class ______________________________________________ 33Export > WaterCAD _____________________________________________ 34Export > Gas analysis ____________________________________________ 34Open folder ____________________________________________________ 34Edit file _______________________________________________________ 35Edit file > Open Excel customer list _________________________________ 35Edit file > Open Excel pipe class list _________________________________ 35Batch print _____________________________________________________ 35End __________________________________________________________ 36Project list _____________________________________________________ 36

3. The menu “Edit”Undo _________________________________________________________ 37Redo _________________________________________________________ 37Delete history __________________________________________________ 37History display _________________________________________________ 38Examine network data ___________________________________________ 39Examine pipe lengths ____________________________________________ 39Change customers to consumers ___________________________________ 39Read-only mode ________________________________________________ 39

4. The menu “Components”Project note ____________________________________________________ 42Network data ___________________________________________________ 43Zone _________________________________________________________ 45Alternative _____________________________________________________ 47Node _________________________________________________________ 48Pipes _________________________________________________________ 52Valves ________________________________________________________ 57Pumps ________________________________________________________ 60Feeder _______________________________________________________ 63Consumer _____________________________________________________ 66Customer _____________________________________________________ 70Pipe classes ___________________________________________________ 75Pump types ____________________________________________________ 78Valve types ____________________________________________________ 82Consumer groups _______________________________________________ 84Medium Properties ______________________________________________ 87

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Table of contents

Drag coefficients ________________________________________________ 88

5. The menu “Controls”Pressure maintenance ___________________________________________ 91Pressure controls _______________________________________________ 92Difference of pressure controls _____________________________________ 93Quantity controls ________________________________________________ 94Temperature controls ____________________________________________ 95Admixture controls ______________________________________________ 95Thermal bypasses ______________________________________________ 96

6. The menu “Calculation”Steady State Network Calculation __________________________________ 97Unsteady State Network Calculation ________________________________ 109Report center __________________________________________________ 111Report Designer ________________________________________________ 113

7. The menu “Drawing”Open/close view___________________________________________________ 119sisHYD tasks _____________________________________________________ 120Tools for network construction ________________________________________ 122

General notes __________________________________________________ 122Create node ___________________________________________________ 123Create Pipe ____________________________________________________ 124Create pump ___________________________________________________ 126Create valve ___________________________________________________ 127Create Supply __________________________________________________ 129Create consumer _______________________________________________ 129Create customer ________________________________________________ 130Create Profile path ______________________________________________ 130Move network __________________________________________________ 131Transform network ______________________________________________ 132Object process _________________________________________________ 134Move nodes ___________________________________________________ 134Move inflexion point _____________________________________________ 135Delete inflexion point ____________________________________________ 136Join pipes _____________________________________________________ 137Delete object ___________________________________________________ 137Selections _____________________________________________________ 139

Toolboxes________________________________________________________ 139Open toolboxes _________________________________________________ 139Close toolboxes ________________________________________________ 139Toolboxes > Results _____________________________________________ 140Toolboxes > Drawing Templates ___________________________________ 141

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Table of contents

Tool boxes > sisHYD settings ______________________________________ 148Toolboxes > Search _____________________________________________ 150

Selections________________________________________________________ 150Profile plot _______________________________________________________ 152

“Paths” Tab ____________________________________________________ 155“Functions” Tab _________________________________________________ 157“Axes” Tab ____________________________________________________ 158“Layout” Tab ___________________________________________________ 161

8. The menu “Settings”Unit groups _______________________________________________________ 165

Dataset abbreviation _____________________________________________ 166

9. The menu “Windows”Open/close > Dialog _____________________________________________ 167Open/close > <view number> ______________________________________ 167Overlapping ___________________________________________________ 167Next to each other ______________________________________________ 168Arrange _______________________________________________________ 168Scrollbars _____________________________________________________ 168View tool box __________________________________________________ 168Dynamic entries 1-9 _____________________________________________ 168Further windows ________________________________________________ 168

10. sisHYD menusisHYD _________________________________________________________ 169

New project. ___________________________________________________ 169Project administration. ___________________________________________ 169Recently opened ________________________________________________ 169All project folders _______________________________________________ 170Example projects _______________________________________________ 170Printing preparation _____________________________________________ 170Oracle ________________________________________________________ 171Support meeting ________________________________________________ 174License management. ___________________________________________ 175sisHYD License Manager _________________________________________ 176

11. The menu “Help”Contents ______________________________________________________ 177Search _______________________________________________________ 178ReadMe ______________________________________________________ 178Index _________________________________________________________ 179Help tooltip ____________________________________________________ 179About sisHYD __________________________________________________ 180

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Table of contents

12. Assistant/Operational sequencesConvert projects ___________________________________________________ 182

Open a sisHYD project ___________________________________________ 182Project converter ________________________________________________ 182Edit project ____________________________________________________ 184Continuation after program crash ___________________________________ 184Copy, save, pass on projects ______________________________________ 185

Start new project __________________________________________________ 185Import sisHYD archives _____________________________________________ 190sisHYD Oracle import_______________________________________________ 193Combine projects __________________________________________________ 196Archive sisHYD data volume _________________________________________ 200Export sisHYD Oracle ______________________________________________ 202Set basic map_____________________________________________________ 204Delete customers __________________________________________________ 207Import/update customers from Excel ___________________________________ 208Update pipe lengths ________________________________________________ 211Adopt designed pipes_______________________________________________ 213Create profile plot__________________________________________________ 215

13. Fundamentals of hydraulic calculationPressure loss calculation ____________________________________________ 219

Piping ________________________________________________________ 219Pumps ________________________________________________________ 220Valves ________________________________________________________ 221Calculation of drag coefficients of bends _____________________________ 221

Thermal calculation ________________________________________________ 225Thermal models for the equipment components _______________________ 225Static thermal calculation _________________________________________ 229Unsteady state thermal network calculation ___________________________ 230Procedure of an unsteady state hydraulic network calculation _____________ 230

Pressure charts ___________________________________________________ 231Comparison of gas network calculations with positive pressure/absolute pressure 233

II. Appendix14. Import/export interfaces

sisHYD import of HR data ___________________________________________ 237Specification of the import text interface ______________________________ 237

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Table of contents

Import of data from Microsoft Excel ____________________________________ 250Structure of a spreadsheet ________________________________________ 251Template working folder __________________________________________ 251Pipe classes ___________________________________________________ 252Customer data _________________________________________________ 253

Import of customer data (text format) ___________________________________ 254Import of customer billing dates (text format) _____________________________ 256Output to Excel____________________________________________________ 257Export into other formats ____________________________________________ 258

Export as gas analysis database ___________________________________ 258Export as WaterCAD/WaterGEMS database __________________________ 259

15. Working with PrintPrepLinking with PrintPrep ______________________________________________ 261

PrintPrep Elements ______________________________________________ 261Basic functions of PrintPrep _______________________________________ 261Special functions of sisHYD for PrintPrep ____________________________ 262

Glossary ________________________________________________________ 265

Literature________________________________________________________ 267

Index ___________________________________________________________ 269

10 sisHYD Handbook

Preface

Indexed trade markTrademarkBentley and the “B” logo are either registered or unregistered trademarks or service marks of Bentley Systems, Incorporated, or one of its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries. Other brands and product names are trademarks of their respective owners.

Copyright© 2011 Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.Including software, file formats, and audiovisual displays; may only be used pursuant to applicable software license agreement; contains confidential and proprietary information of Bentley Systems, Incorporated and/or third parties which is protected by copyright and trade secret law and may not be provided or otherwise made available without proper authorization.685 Stockton Drive Exton, PA USA 19341.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Includes Adobe(R) PDF Library technology. Portions Copyright (c) Adobe Systems, Inc.Portions Copyright (c) Microsoft CorporationIncludes Sparse Matrix Routines by Kenneth S. Kundert and the University of California, Copyright (c) 1985,86,87,88.

RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGENDS If this software is acquired for or on behalf of the United States of America, its agencies and/or instrumentalities (“U.S. Government”), it is provided with restricted rights. This software and accompanying documentation are “commercial computer software” and “commercial computer software documentation”, respectively, pursuant to 48 C.F.R. 12.212 and 227.7202, and “restricted computer software” pursuant to 48 C.F.R. 52.227-19(a), as applicable. Use, modification, reproduction, release, performance, display or disclosure of this software and accompanying documentation by the U.S. Government are subject to restrictions as set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to 48 C.F.R. 12.212, 52.227-19, 227.7202, and 1852.227-86, as applicable. Contractor/Manufacturer is Bentley Systems, Incorporated, 685 Stockton Drive, Exton, PA 19341-0678. Unpublished - rights reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States and International treaties.

sisHYD Handbook 11

Preface

On use of the documentationThe following section explains symbols and conventions in the documentation.

Paragraph symbols✍ The hand symbol marks paragraphs which give further information on the topic.

Mostly backgrounds are explained and possibilities for program administration described.

W The warning symbol marks paragraphs which require full attention. Potential dangers or pitfalls are referred to here.

LinksLinks to other documents, passages in the text or files and program folders are in blue.The video symbol appears to the left of the text whenever there is an example in video format.

Characteristics of the sisHYD modulesThe sisHYD dialog system differs partially between the individual modules. Dialog elements or properties which are particularly identified for a module or a module combination are marked as follows:

Symbol Meaning

Characteristic in the long-distance heating / cooling module

Characteristic in the water module

Characteristic in the gas module

12 sisHYD Handbook

Part I: Operation

2 General remarks on useThe following section describes conventions which are generally valid for the user surface of the sis product family. In addition it refers to special procedures in sisHYD.

Dialogs

Dataset namesAll sisHYD dialogs which work with the box “Dialog mask “Edit table”” assign names for datasets. Regarding the characters they contain, the names are only subject to the restriction that no double inverted comma “ may be used.

W Initial and final spaces are automatically removed from dataset names and acknowledged with an appropriate message.

✍ The prefixes for dataset names can be configured; see dialog “Dataset abbreviation” on page 166.

sisHYD Handbook 15

General remarks on useStandard button

2

<no dataset>This message appears in the field of the dataset name if no datasets are present. The field of the dataset name is also inactive and input is not possible.

As soon as a valid dataset is available or created, the name field can be edited and the set name changed.

Creation of new objects - renamingChanging a dataset name always leads to the renaming of the dataset concerned. To create a new data record or copy the current record, select “new” or “copy” from the context menu.

Standard buttonPractically all dialogs have the following 3 standard buttons. The buttons work in the same way in all dialogs.

OKSaves the changes to the current dataset in the database and closes the dialog.

✍ If the “Read-only mode” is switched on the button cannot be activated as it is grey.

CancelCloses the dialog and rejects the changes to the current dataset.

ApplySaves the changes to the current dataset in the database; the dialog remains open.

✍ If the “Read-only mode” is switched on the button cannot be activated as it is grey.

16 sisHYD Handbook

General remarks on useSize modification

Size modificationFor ease of use, the size of many sisHYD dialogs can be altered. Under Microstation this functionality is not standard and is also not separately marked by the dialog system. sisHYD follows the usual Windows convention which marks the bottom right-hand corner of such dialogs with the following symbol:

The size of boxes with such a symbol can be adjusted horizontally or vertically or in both directions.

✍ In many boxes, sisHYD sets maximum size limits. The height of dialogs is limited often by the fact that all numbers of a list are readable in the dialog.

Context menus (right key menus)A set of dialogs have “right button menus”, also called context or: Popup menus). Unlike the menus visible underneath the window title bars, this kind is opened at the current mouse cursor position, as soon as you press the reset key on the mouse (usually the right mouse button; for left-handed people usually configured as the left mouse button).Using these right button menus offers the following advantages, like the “edit table” mask already shown:

• An overloading of the dialog mask with action keys is prevented and the dialog mask does not block the entire screen

• The dialog mask remains clear so it is possible to concentrate on the basic input fields.

• It is very easy to extend with new actions without adjusting the organization of the mask each time

sisHYD determines the context menu according to the following rule:

• If you click with the mouse on a free place on the dialog mask and don’t hit a dialog entry, sisHYD establishes the context menu defined for the dialog and displays it.

• If you click over a dialog entry, sisHYD establishes the context menu for this dialog entry. If no context menu is defined for this entry and the entry is not a list, it becomes the dialog context menu!

sisHYD Handbook 17

General remarks on useEditing tables

2

The next illustration shows the context menus of the pipe dialog:

The red lines assign context menus to different dialog entries.The green line shows the dialog context menu and shows in the dialog a possible release place.

✍ Several context menus cannot be opened in the program at the same time! The representation in the illustration shows the possibilities.

Editing tablesWith sisHYD release 97.2 tables can be edited directly. Click the desired cell in the table and edit the entry directly. In tables, texts can be entered directly or entries selected by the option menu.See in this chapter the note on the point “Dataset names” on page 15. The dialog mask shows a table with a text field and an option menu. Both input fields are edited directly in the list.

18 sisHYD Handbook

General remarks on useSpecial dialogs

Special dialogs

Dialog mask “Edit table”The dialog “Edit table” works with almost all sisHYD dialogs.

The dialog serves as a kind of control centre for the administration of data volumes. It displays the names of available sets in a table. The functionality for browsing, creating, deleting and searching for data sets is carried out with this dialog.

New

Creates a new dataset.

Copy

Copies the selected dataset.

Delete

Deletes the selected dataset.

W Browsing the data records implies the automatic saving of changes to the set. Therefore it is no longer necessary to click the button “Apply” in a dialog separately before browsing forward to the next data record.

Option menuThe option menu displays the dialog titles of all “co-operating” dialogs and serves for switching to the data record list.

sisHYD Handbook 19

General remarks on useDialog mask “Edit table”

2

ListThe list indicates the dataset names of all datasets in the dialog title in the option menu. All actions in the box refer to the marked set and/or its settings dialog.

✍ The following keys are not shown in the dialog mask as standard, in order to save place. They are attainable by the right mouse key menu.

NewRequests a new dataset for the active dialog.

CopyCopies the viewed dataset in the active dialog under a new name.

DeleteRequests the deletion of the current dataset. When the delete action has been successfully carried out, the next dataset is indicated. Otherwise a warning tone sounds, the dataset remains the in list and is not deleted.

OK to allRequests all open dialogs to save the data. If the dialogs were able to save your data, the box is closed, otherwise the box remains open and a corresponding message is shown.

Cancel to allCancels the editing of all dialogs under this mask without saving the modifications to these masks and closes the dialog mask “Edit table”.

20 sisHYD Handbook

General remarks on useGraphic tools

Further control possibilities exist using the keyboard

Graphic tools

Snap functionWorking with graphics often requires the selection of an object. sisHYD typically limits the selection to permissible objects. So when creating pipes, the selected initial node can not be used as an end node, for example. A selected object is highlighted.During the construction of the network the visual support goes so far that the possible construction end leads to the highlighting of the construction by selecting the end node (starting from MS version 7.x).

Keyboard entry Effect

HOME Selects the first entry in the listPAGE UP Moves up through the list by one pagePAGE DOWN Moves down one page through the listCursor up Selects the previous datasetCursor down Selects the next datasetEND Selects the last entry in the list

sisHYD Handbook 21

General remarks on useLocalization/snap distance

2

Localization/snap distanceFor localization of objects Microstation only selects design objects which lie within a so-called snap distance. This snap distance can be recognized as a circle around the cursor and can be changed by users. See in the Microstation menu underWork area > pre-setting > operation > search radius

22 sisHYD Handbook


sisHYD browserThe sisHYD browser displays calculation logs and other HTML outputs.The browser window represents each file in a separate tab. The name of the HTML document of the current tab is indicated in the status line.

The linking of object names in reports and logs with objects in sisHYD enables quick navigation in the graphic and fast possible to the data records.

HyperlinksIn calculation logs the object names are highlighted and lead to the hyperlink back in Microstation. By clicking on the link, the corresponding sisHYD object is opened.

✍ Together with the “Object tracking” this mechanism is an excellent and fast evaluation means.

As soon as the cursor touches a hyperlink, the shape of the cursor changes to a hand symbol and the object colour is changed to “red”. The link can now be opened by clicked.

Manipulating links without sisHYDIf a HTML document is viewed outside sisHYD, the links to objects do not work. These links are only meaningful within sisHYD in the corresponding project

sisHYD Handbook 23


2

24 sisHYD Handbook

3 The menu “File”The menu “File” contains functions for the most diverse input and output functions for sisHYD.

Task: Selection from the menu “File”:

Switch project from Oracle to file database Switch project (page 26)

New project New project (page 26)

Open project Open project (page 27)

Close project Close project (page 28)

Set sisHYD design basic map Set > Basic card… (page 28)

Remove all basic cards set Basic map > Remove all (page 28)

Apply special settings for the representation of the basic card

Basic map > Settings vector maps (page 28)

Import sisHYD project into the database Import > sisHYD archives (page 28)

Import sisHYD project into the database Import > sisHYD Oracle (page 28)

Import network topology exported with sisNET into sisHYD

Import > sisNET (page 29)

Insert sisHYD project data into the current project Import > Combine projects (page 29)

Inserts customer data from the current Excel worksheet into the project

Import > Customer data from Excel (page 29)

Inserts pipe classes from the current Excel worksheet into the project

Import > Piping classes from Excel (page 29)

Import the customer data from a text file into the sisHYD data inventory

Imports > Customer data (page 30)

Import customer invoice files from a text file into the sisHYD data inventory

Import > Customer invoice dates (page 32)

Save sisHYD database as ZIP archive on a data storage device

Export > sisHYD archives (page 33)

Save sisHYD database in Oracle data format on data storage device

Export > sisHYD Oracle (page 33)

Export customer data to Excel Export > Customer (page 33)

Export pipe class data to Excel Export > Pipe class (page 33)

sisHYD Handbook 25

The menu “File”Switch project

3

Switch projectStarts the migration tool to convert Oracle projects into projects which work with a database file.The menu option is present only if the active project uses Oracle for data storage. The procedure is described under “Convert projects” on page 182.

New projectStarts the sisHYD project assistant to create a new project. See “Start new project” on page 185.

Export water project to Bentley WaterCAD Export > WaterCAD (page 34)

Exports the project as gas analysis database Export > Gas analysis (page 34)

Open folders in the file system Open folder (page 34)

Edit file with Notepad or Excel Edit file (page 35)

Opens the Excel file with the customer data from the project

Edit file > Open Excel customer list (page 35)

Opens the Excel file with the standard pipe class list Edit file > Open Excel pipe class list (page 35)

Call up the Microstation plot dialog to print a design The standard pipe class list is supplied with sisHYD and is Plot/Print (page 35)

Opens the print batch dialog to print several models on the printer or produce a PDF document

Batch print (page 35)

Quit sisHYD End (page 36)

Task: Selection from the menu “File”:

26 sisHYD Handbook

The menu “File”Open project

Open projectThe project management dialog helps you organize and edit sisHYD projects. After starting sisHYD using the menu option sis -Programs-sisHYD-Start or using the sisHYD menu option File-Open project, this dialog box is opened and allows you to start editing one of your projects.

ProjectsSelect the project directory of the project you want to open using the tree view.

OpenOpens the project you selected in the project list in sisHYD.

✍ Alternatively you can double click on the desired project.

CancelCloses the project selection box without starting a project. If a project is already open, this project remains active.

Project propertiesIn the project properties input area, title, number and information of the currently selected project can be changed and the database information can be viewed. The input fields title, number and information are at present only for your own information. The adjustments are stored in the project adjustment file (settings.xml) in the project directory.

sisHYD Handbook 27

The menu “File”Close project

3

Close projectCloses the project being edited and the project design. The settings for the selected design views are also saved. sisHYD does not close down.

Set > Basic card…Select “File > Basic map > Set” in order to set basic maps for the sisHYD design. Microstation designs (starting from Microstation V8 and Autocad designs) and the various geo-referenced grid maps supported by Microstation are accepted as maps.The sisHYD assistant collects the necessary inputs and implements the necessary actions in order to set the basic maps to the design. See “Set basic map” on page 204.

Basic map > Remove allRemoves all designs set with the sisHYD basic map assistant.

✍ The assistant marks the basic maps with a logical name which begins with “sisHYD basic maps”. Only maps with this prefix are removed.

Basic map > Settings vector mapsSelect “File > Basic map > Settings” to open the MicroStation reference file dialog. Using the dialog mask, various settings can be changed later, such as colors, line strengths, levels in the representation of the basic maps (see MicroStation documentation on the keyword Reference files).

Import > sisHYD archivesStarts the sisHYD import assistant, which leads you through the import procedure and options. The assistant procedure is described under. “Import sisHYD archives” on page 190.

Import > sisHYD OracleAn assistant is started to import previously undertaken Oracle saves. The assistant procedure is described under “sisHYD Oracle import” on page 193.

✍ The menu option is available only in sisHYD projects with Oracle data retention.

28 sisHYD Handbook

The menu “File”Import > sisNET

Import > sisNETUnder this menu option, data files exported from sisNET with the HR-module for the structure of the network topology can be imported. Usually only topological network information and plant data, and not the operation (regulations) of the network, are derivable from GIS systems like sisNET. With little effort for network operation settings, imported networks can be quickly calculated.See “Specification of the import text interface” on page 237.

Import > Combine projectsStarts the sisHYD assistant to “Combine projects”, which enables data from any other sisHYD projects to be transferred into the active project.The assistant procedure is described under “Combine projects” on page 196.

Import > Customer data from ExcelSelect “File > Import > Customer data from Excel” to transfer the customer data from the active Excel worksheet into the sisHYD data volume. The Excel worksheet must correspond to the “Import of data from Microsoft Excel” on page 250.

✍ sisHYD already supplies a template for the input (and administration) of customer data in Microsoft Excel. This template is also suitable for import.

Customer data can be updated using the same Excel table. sisHYD also offers an export function into a working folder which can be used for the import.

Import > Piping classes from ExcelSelect “File > Import > Pipe classes from Excel” to transfer the pipe class definitions from the active Excel worksheet into the sisHYD data volume. The Excel worksheet must correspond to the “Import of data from Microsoft Excel” on page 250.

✍ sisHYD supplies a template for the input (and administration) of pipe classes in Microsoft Excel which is suitable for the import.

sisHYD Handbook 29

The menu “File”Imports > Customer data

3

Imports > Customer dataThis menu option enables the import of new customer data in text format. The selection of the customer data starts in the customer directory of the current sisHYD project. The file should have the ending *.dat.

W In the meantime sisHYD supports the direct import of customer data from an Excel table! Maintaining the customer data in Excel and the import from the open Excel application is much simpler than using the text interface, in our view. The function continues to be available for compatibility reasons.

The description of the format of the customer text file is under “Import of customer data (text format)” on page 254.

W When entering the customer data, it is possible to have the “old” customer data deleted automatically or to load the data additionally. In the latter case, name clashes with existing customer data sets can arise.

30 sisHYD Handbook

The menu “File”Imports > Customer data

The number of customer data to be imported and the import progress are indicated in a progress window. After ending the import, the status of the import (customer import completed with/without errors) as well as a summary of the import are shown:

As soon as errors arise with the import, the information center with the error messages is opened:

sisHYD Handbook 31

The menu “File”Import > Customer invoice dates

3

Import > Customer invoice datesThis menu option enables the import of new customer data in text format. The selection of the invoice data starts in the customer directory of the current sisHYD project. The file should have the ending *.dat.The description of the format of the customer invoice file is under “Import of customer billing dates (text format)” on page 256.

The number of customer invoice data to be imported and the import progress are indicated in a progress window. After ending the import, the status of the import (customer invoice data import completed with/without errors) as well as a summary of the import are shown:

32 sisHYD Handbook

The menu “File”Export > sisHYD archives

As soon as errors arise with the import, the information center with the error messages is opened:

Export > sisHYD archivesSelect “File > Export > sisHYD archive” to save the sisHYD project in sisHYD format. sisHYD starts the export assistant. See “Archive sisHYD data volume” on page 200.

Export > sisHYD OracleSelect “File > Export > sisHYD archive” to save the sisHYD project in the Oracle exchange format. sisHYD starts the export assistant. See “Export sisHYD Oracle” on page 202.

✍ The menu option is available only in sisHYD projects with Oracle data retention.

Export > CustomerOpens Microsoft Excel and writes all customer data into a worksheet. The worksheet conforms to the format specification set by sisHYD, so that the data can be transfered back to sisHYD after modification.See “Customer data” on page 253.

Export > Pipe classOpens Microsoft Excel and writes all pipe classes into a worksheet. The worksheet conforms to the format specification set by sisHYD, so that the data can be transfered back to sisHYD after modification.See “Pipe classes” on page 252.

sisHYD Handbook 33

The menu “File”Export > WaterCAD

3

Export > WaterCADExports the current sisHYD water project into a WaterCAD data base file with the file ending “mdb”. The user is asked for the desired file name for the WaterCAD database file. After input of the file name and confirmation with the OK key the export is started. In the status line the progress of the export is indicated.

✍ This function is available only in the water category. See also Export as WaterCAD/WaterGEMS database (page 259).

Export > Gas analysisExports the current sisHYD gas project into a “gas analysis” database file with the file ending “mdb”. The user is asked for the desired file name for the database file. After input of the file name and confirmation with the OK key the export is started. In the status line the progress of the export is indicated.

✍ This function is available only in the gas category. See also Export as gas analysis database (page 258).

Open folderSelect one of the folders from the submenu to indicate display the folder contents. You can open the following folders through sisHYD:

Menu entry Meaning

sis software Program installation folder. For release “sisHYD V8i”, the standard folder on German PCs is the directoryc:\programme\bentley\sisHYD V8i.

Work directory Is the folder in which sisHYD stores temporary folders and plots created with PrintPrep. The folder is normally a subdirectory of /sis_data/user/.

Customer configuration

Is the folder in which adjustments to sisHYD on the customer side are made configured. The main configuration folder is in this folder sissite.cfg.

Project session Folder in which the copy of the project database is stored.Project The folder of the sisHYD project currently open.CAD project The directory in which sisHYD stores or searched for the project

design under basic cards. Normally this is the sub-folder CAD of the project folder.

Project report The directory in which sisHYD stores the text and HTML reports. Normally this is the sub-folder REPORT of the project directory.

Project invoice The directory in which sisHYD stores the results and logs of the network calculation. Normally this is the sub-folder INVOICE of the project directory.

Project customer The directory in which sisHYD stores the customer data. Normally this is the sub-folder CUSTOMER of the project directory.

Microstation The base folder of the Microstation software.

34 sisHYD Handbook

The menu “File”Edit file

Edit fileOpens the corresponding file with the Notepad editor:

Edit file > Open Excel customer listOpens the standard customer file of the sisHYD project. If the working folder does not exist, the menu option is not selectable.

✍ Store your customer data for the project in a working folder with the name kunden.xls in the customer folder of the sisHYD project.

Edit file > Open Excel pipe class listOpens the standard sisHYD pipe class list in Microsoft Excel.

✍ The standard pipe class list is supplied with sisHYD and is Plot/Print

With this dialog the CAD design currently shown can be plotted. For descriptions of the different settings possible for the plot see “Microstation user manual”.For compatibility reasons with previous versions, an adapted printer driver is supplied with sisHYD. Use this printer driver, in order to print in the same line strengths, as with the previous version. The driver printer71.plt is in the folder /defaults of your installation.

Batch printStarts Microstation batch print. The tool makes it possible to print any number of models on the printer or as multi-page PDF document.

Menu entry Meaning

Project settings XML configuration file for each sisHYD project. The registered basic cards and designated details are run in this file.The folder is always in the project folder and is named settings.xml.

User settings XML configuration file for sisHYD which is run with the standard installation for each user. The settings for the unit system and the design templates are in this file.The file is language specific and in the standard installation is named sishyd2007-setting-de.xml.

Business configuration Microstation configuration file for business adjustment of the program installation.With a standard installation the file is under c:\sis_data\site\sissite.cfg.

sisHYD Handbook 35

The menu “File”End

3

EndWhen this menu option is selected, the sisHYD working session is terminated and the program is quit.

✍ When leaving sisHYD, the active project is closed. The current view positions and settings are saved.

Project listThe list of the last 10 projects is added dynamically to the File menu. In this way, the currently open project is always at the top of this list.The active project is closed by clicking on another project and the selected project is opened.

36 sisHYD Handbook

4 The menu “Edit”Under the menu Edit, undo functions and special editing functions are available.

UndoRedoes one undo step.

✍ A step can cover a whole series of changes. For example the import of customers from Excel is carried out as one step.

RedoRedoes one undo step.

✍ A step can cover a whole series of changes. For example the import of customers from Excel is carried out as one step.

Delete historyDeletes the undo/redo history. After this action, undo is only available again after changes to the data volume.

Task: Selection from the menu “Special”:

Carries out one undo step Undo (page 37)

Restores the state before the last undo step Redo (page 37)

Deletes the undo/redo history Delete history (page 37)

Opens the dialog to view undo/redo history History display (page 38)

Recalculates the pipe lengths from the inflexion point process

Examine pipe lengths (page 39)

Validates the network data and announces potential problem places

Examine network data (page 39)

Creates consumers from all customer data Change customers to consumers (page 39)

Sets sisHYD into READ-ONLY mode Read-only mode (page 39)

sisHYD Handbook 37

The menu “Edit”History display

4

History displayDisplays the undo/redo history and makes it possible to undo and redo steps using the form.

<<All listed “retrogressive” execute - steps.

<Goes back one step. The highest entry is removed from the undo list and an appropriate reverse command is inserted to the redo list.

>Redoes a step. The highest entry is removed from the redo list and an appropriate reverse command is inserted to the undo list.

>>All listed “re-creating” executes - steps.

PropertiesIndicates the properties of an object in the redo or undo lists. The properties can be seen, but not modified.

38 sisHYD Handbook

The menu “Edit”Examine network data

Examine network dataExamines the network data in the active project for discrepancies. Incomplete information which was possibly caused by abort of inputs counts here, among other things. A part of the examination deals with the network topology in close proximity to pumps, in order to report parallel pipings which cannot be isolated, for example.

Examine pipe lengthsStarts the sisHYD assistant for examination and automatic correction of pipe lengths. See “Update pipe lengths” on page 211.

Change customers to consumersExecutes a conversion of all customer data to consumers.This work step is no longer necessary due to the automation of the transformation. After the import of old data volumes, it is however still possible to force the synchronisation manually.

Delete customersStarts the assistant to delete entire customer data including the consumers generated from it. See “Delete customers” on page 207.

Read-only modeIn the full version of sisHYD, this switch is available in order to move sisHYD into read-only operation in terms of data input and network calculation. In this way, accidental modifications to the data is prevented.The evaluation possibilities are fully available. In this area system changes are still possible:

• Change design configuration

• Save selections from the path selection for reports

• Run reports

• Data transfer to Microsoft Excel

sisHYD Handbook 39

The menu “Edit”Read-only mode

4

40 sisHYD Handbook

5 The menu “Components”The input dialogs for all configuration data of the network are opened using the menu option components.

Task: Selection from the menu “Installation configuration”:

Create note for project editing Project note (page 42)

Set basic network settings Network data (page 43)

Define logical zones Zone (page 45)

Group zones by calculation alternatives Alternative (page 47)

Enter/change node data Node (page 48)

Enter/change pipe data Pipes (page 52)

Enter/change valve Valves (page 57)

Enter/change pumps Pumps (page 60)

Enter/change feeder (producer) Feeder (page 63)

Create/change consumers Consumer (page 66)

Enter/change customers Customer (page 70)

Enter/change piping types Pipe classes (page 75)

Enter/change pump types Pump types (page 78)

Enter/change valve types Valve types (page 82)

Enter/change consumer groups Consumer groups (page 84)

Enter/change material values Medium Properties (page 87)

Enter/change drag coefficients Drag coefficients (page 88)

sisHYD Handbook 41

The menu “Components”Project note

5

Project noteThe project note is a way to document the procedure of the project and editing. The dialog box shows all notes on the project in a list.

New

Creates a new note which is edited within the list.

Delete

Deletes the selected note from the list.

Report

Provides an overview of all project notes in the sisHYD.

List with notesThe list is sorted according to the note date. The most recent note stands at the beginning the list. The list contains the following columns:

Column Meaning

DATE Display the date the note was created. The system fills out the field automatically.

42 sisHYD Handbook

The menu “Components”Network data

✍ It is also possible to edit a note by double clicking.

Network dataIn this dialog the base data for the network which is to be calculated are entered. Limit values are specified for each operation. This dialog must be closed before another place on the system can be worked on.

“Network”Contains the name of the network which is to be calculated. The name itself is of no importance for the network calculation.

Max. Operating pressureContains the maximum permissible operating pressure for the network. If the limit value is exceeded during a network calculation, a warning appears in the log file of the network simulation.

Identification Shows the abbreviation of the editor who wrote the note.Note Shows the first 255 characters of the note text. The text

is edited by clicking the cell.

Column Meaning

Network data dialog for long-distance heating and gas network calculation

sisHYD Handbook 43

The menu “Components”Network data

5

Max. Flow and return temperatureContains the maximum flow and return temperature for the network. If these limit values are exceeded during a simulation calculation, an corresponding warning appears in the log file of the network calculation.

Number of leadersWith the option switch the number of leaders of the network is set. The selection is active only if no nodes or network elements (pipes, pumps, etc.) are yet present in the network. Changing of the number of leaders in an existing network by means of the surface is therefore impossible (by direct interference in the database model, an extension of the network is nevertheless possible).Gas and water networks are always 1 leader networks. For the long-distance heating module, 1 leader, 2 leader and 3 leader networks are available.

MediumThe position of the option switch specifies the medium for the network. In the long-distance heating module, Hot water and steam are available as mediums. In the other calculation modules this field is not displayed.

Reference heightIndicates the point of reference for the determination of the air pressure.

Atmospheric pressureAtmospheric pressure in normal state.

Air pressureAbsolute pressure of the ambient air on the level of the reference height for the hydraulic pressure.

Pressure indications asSpecifies whether the pressure indications in the dialog masks are indicated as manometric pressure (positive pressure) or as absolute pressure. Results of the network calculation take place according to the same pattern.

W When changes are made in this field, all calculation results become invalid and sisHYD rejects the results.

✍ The pressure defaults for regulations and network calculation can be corrected by sisHYD on demand. In case of correction, sisHYD changes the pressure maintenance, pressure defaults and pressure controls by 1.013 bar.

Pressure V.gruppe asIn the Consumer groups a default for minimum pressure can be set when entering the consumer. This entry pressure can refer either to the pressure height or the manometric pressure. Specify the base factor for this default here.

44 sisHYD Handbook

The menu “Components”Zone

ZoneYou administer the definitions of zones using the dialog zone. You can enter new zones, modify and delete zones.

ZoneRegister the name of the zone here. The name may be up to 40 characters long.

“Corrections” Tab

Length correction factorWith the length correction factor the dynamic pressure losses of all pipes will be corrected.

✍ The default value of 1.0 means that no corrections are made. In order to make a global addition of 30%, for example, on all dynamic pressure losses, you enter the factor 1.3, corresponding to 130% (see illustration).

Diameter-dependent length correctionThe parameter allows a diameter-dependent adjustment of the dynamic pressure loss as summand to the length correction factor. The pipe length in pressure loss calculation with length correction parameters results as:

(5.1)

where the pipe length corrected for calculation.

the length of the pipe registered in the dialog mask Pipe.

the length correction factor; if the additional resistance through special fittings is not considered separately, the factor in calculations is usually adjusted to 1.2 to 1.3. The numerical value results from statistic views in long-distance heating networks.

is the diameter-dependent length correction factor. It permits a linear adjustment of the length correction factor as a function of the piping inside diameter. For this reason the factor is unit-bound!

is the piping inside diameter.

lCalculation lIst fLk fdaLk di⋅+( )⋅=

lCalculation

lIst

fLk

fdaLk

di

sisHYD Handbook 45

The menu “Components”Zone

5

Wall roughness correctionAdditive correction for the wall roughnesses of the pipes.

✍ The default value is 0 and effects no additional increase of the wall roughness which enters the pressure loss calculation.

Wall roughness factorCorrection factor for the wall roughnesses of the pipes for the adjustment of the calculated pressure losses to reality.

✍ The default value is to 1.0 and leads to no correction of the wall roughness. The actual wall roughness of a pipe is calculated as

(5.2)

is the wall roughness used in calculation.

is the additive wall roughness correction.

is the wall roughness entered in the pipe class.

is the wall roughness factor.

Heat transfer correctionAdditive correction for the heat transition coefficients.

✍ The default value is 0 and leads to no correction of heat loss calculation.

Heat transfer factorCorrection factor for the heat transfer coefficients by adjustment of the calculated heat losses to reality.

✍ The default value is 1.0 and leads to no correction of the heat transition coefficient. The actual heat transition coefficient of a pipe is calculated as

(5.3)

is the heat transition coefficient in the calculation.

is the additive correction of the heat transition coefficient.

is the heat transition coefficient from the assigned pipe class. It is calculated as a quotient of heat coefficient (dialog mask Pipe class) and piping extent.

linear correction of the heat transition coefficients.

W Note the physical unit here. The correction refers to the actual heat transition coefficient - not the heat coefficient from the pipe class.

See also “Piping” on page 219.

wCalculation wAdd wRk+ fRf⋅=

wCalculation

wAdd

wRk

fRf

kCalculation kAdd kRk fWd⋅+=

kCalculation

kAdd

kRk

fWd

46 sisHYD Handbook

The menu “Components”Alternative

AlternativeUsing the dialog mask Variable, you summarize one or several zones logically. You create, edit and delete your own variable definitions.

AlternativeEnter the name for the variable here. The name may be up to 20 characters long and is freely selectable.

List of ZonesHere you select the desired zones of the alternative from the list of all configured zones by clicking with the mouse.The column “zone” contains the names of the zones.The column “on” is crossed if the zone is recorded in the alternative, otherwise the column is empty. By clicking the column you switch between the status (associated = “X”) and the status (not associated = ‘ ‘).

✍ The following alternative and zones are available in the preconfiguration:

RemarkThe field Comment takes a comment from one to 500 characters long to describe the network variable.

Alternative Covers zones

Whole network AllMain and central distribution Main and central distributionMain distribution Main distributionCentral distribution Central distributionCentral and sub distribution Central and sub distributionSub distribution Sub distribution

sisHYD Handbook 47

The menu “Components”Node

5

NodeUsing the dialog Nodes, nodes are entered for network calculation and existing node data is modified. With symmetrical networks, the inputs for flow, return and KLB leaders can be done at the same time.

Node nameIn this input field the name of the node is entered.sisHYD generates a unique name when producing a new node. This name can be renamed at will, with the restriction that no node of same name may exist. sisHYD checks the input and reacts with a warning for inadmissible inputs.

“General” Tab

x/y coordinateIn these input fields the node situation is entered in the x- or y-coordinate system. These are, for example, the Gauß-Krüger coordinates of the node from a layout plan.sisHYD permits the input of network nodes graphically; see “Create node” on page 123.

Height VL/RL/KLBContains the geodetic height of the node above Normal-Zero for the individual network positions.

VL/RL/KLBThese marker fields specify at which network positions the network node exists. The abbreviation VL stands for the network position “Flow”, the abbreviation RL for “Return” and the abbreviation “KLB” for the KLB leader.

48 sisHYD Handbook


Steam trapMark this field in order to place a steam trap between flow and return.

✍ The field is displayed only for steam networks.

EfficiencyThe efficiency of the steam trap. An efficiency of 0.8 is preset.

✍ The field is displayed only for steam networks.

Never reduceGive the node higher priority when designing with clash control. The node is always normally designed (except when nodes clash, which all set this attribute).

“Connections” Tab

The list indicates all elements attached to the node.No new elements can be added using the list. The list is only for information purposes.

✍ The input dialog for the attached element is opened by double clicking in a table row.

Column 1 - Network positionThe first column names the network position at which the element is located. Possible values are

Abbreviation Network position

VL FlowRL Return in long-distance heating networksKLB Constant leaders in long-distance heating

3-leader networks

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5

Column 2 - Symbol for the kind of elementPossible elements and their symbols

“Customers” Tab

The list indicates all “Customer” on page 70 attached to the nodes. It is only for information purposes and shows the current allocation of the customers to this node.

✍ By double clicking on a customer name in the list you open the dialog to edit this customer.

Symbol Kind of element

Piping

Pump

Valve

Consumer

Feeder

50 sisHYD Handbook


“Result” Tab

Using this tab you see directly the calculation results for the node. The height of the dialog mask is adaptable to be able to show the results list completely.

CalculationIndicates the names of the network calculation to which the results belong.

List of the resultsThe following results for the node are computed and indicated subject to the module:

Size Description

Pressure Is the absolute/manometric pressure at the node.Steam pressure Steam pressure at given node temperature.Temperature Is the temperature calculated at the node.Diff. pressure Is the difference of pressure on return. The information is available

only for flow and KLB nodes.Supply time Is the average supply time from the feeders to the node. The size

is indicated only if the supply times are also calculated in Steady State Network Calculation.

Sum of nominal capacity Is the sum of the connected values of the consumers connected with the node.

Consumer loads Is the sum of the consumer loads at the node. Unlike the connected loads the effective load at the node for current network calculation is indicated here.

Consumer volume flow Is the sum of the flow rates of the consumers connected to the node.Consumer mass flow Is the sum of the mass flows of the consumers connected to the node.Condensate mass flow Condensate mass flow which flows over the steam trap.

sisHYD Handbook 51

The menu “Components”Pipes

5

PipesServes to specify pipes, on the one hand by definition of the node connections of the pipe in the network, on the other hand by the allocation of the pipe geometric data (pipe class, length, pressure loss coefficient). Similarly to the node input, it is possible to input the networks positions flow, and return to the KLB leader at the same time.Pipe dialog for a 2-leader long-distance heating network with indicated list of inflexion points and opened combination list of the pipe classes in return.

PipeGive the pipe a name here.The name of the pipe is freely selectable and is independent of the linkage with nodes.

✍ During graphic input (see “Create Pipe” on page 124) sisHYD assigns a pipepipe name automatically which results from the name connected to the initial and end nodes by “-”. If this name is already assigned (a parallel pipe was laid), sisHYD generates a unique name.

Arbitrary renaming of the pipe to another unique name is permissible. sisHYD checks whether the name is already used by another network element and issues a warning if necessary.

“General” Tab

Start and end nodesThe combination lists permit the selection of a initial and end node for the pipe.

Exit dampness Exit dampness at the steam node.Pressure height The hydraulic pressure at the node is related to the reference height

in the mask Network data.

Size Description

52 sisHYD Handbook


W A change of the selection changes the network topology! Changing a beginning and/or end Node has no effect on the assigned pipe names and the length.

ZoneAssigns the pipe to one of the configured zones.

✍ The allocation of zones is optional. It is very helpful to differentiate the pipes according to zones, in particular to calculate dimensions and costs. Calculation can be limited selectively to certain zones.

See “Zone” on page 45.

Symmetrical supply and returnThis marker field controls the behavior of the pipe data on the network positions supply, return during input. If the field is activated, all changes to entries in the supply and in the return are applied and reversed.

Supply/Return/KLB leaderThe marker fields specify whether the pipe at the network position concerned is present or not. If a field is not marked, the input fields of the network position are blocked.

W Changes to the marker fields modify the network topology!

Pipe classThe combination field indicates the currently selected pipe class of the pipe (at the appropriate network position) and enables the conversion to one of the available “Pipe classes” on page 75.

Pipe lengthYou enter the pipe length at the corresponding network position into the input field.

✍ The pipe lengths at the different network positions do not have to be identical. With graphic input of pipes, the pipe length is calculated automatically.

✍ For the additional examination and if necessary correction of the pipe lengths, there is an assistant available - see “Update pipe lengths” on page 211.

Zeta valueThe numerical value entered here is the sum of the pressure loss coefficients, independent of length, of fittings and detours in the pipe. The value of the number in this field can be entered manually or automatically when fittings are inputted using the ““Fittings” Tab”.

W As soon as entries are present in the list of the special fittings, this field is blocked for manual input. An overwriting of the values would lead to contradictory information.

✍ The pressure loss coefficients represent one of the possibilities to create additional resistances by special fittings and detours. The application of a global factor for the dynamic pressure losses can be seen as an alternative possibility. See “Steady State Network Calculation” on page 97.

IsolatedThe marker field enables the isolation of the pipe for network calculation.

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5

✍ The switch has the advantage that no valve must be built into the network, in order to interrupt the network for a calculation here. The Zeta value of the piping and thus the hydraulic calculation of the pipe are not changed by marking this field. Enter the Zeta value corresponding to the existing slidegate valve into the list of the Zeta values (or directly into the Zeta value field) yourself, if necessary. See ““Fittings” Tab” on page 55.

W When this switch is pressed, the pipe is not yet closed. The state “on” or “off” is set in the calculation specifications ““Isolation Valves” Tab” on page 106 for each individual network calculation.

Price categoryAssigns a price category within the range of 1 to 6 to the pipe for the determination of the moving costs. The moving costs are calculated from the product of the price category indicated by pipe length and pipe class moving costs.

Individual exterior temperatureAs standard, sisHYD calculates the heat losses of a pipe with the temperature default of network calculation. If the field for the individual exterior temperature is marked, the thermal calculation of the pipe with the exterior temperature registered here takes place.

✍ In the reports the exterior temperature for the pipe is listed only if it was individually given. Otherwise a “*” appears in the report lists to show that the global value for the outside temperature was taken.

“Inflexion Points” Tab

Shows a list that can be edited, with the pipe inflexion points between initial and end nodes (an empty list, if no inflexion points are present). The inflexion points are sorted in such a way that they indicate the process from initial to end node.

✍ Using the “right button” menu, the sequence of the inflexion points can be manipulated and new inflexion points can be inserted or existing inflexion points deleted.

54 sisHYD Handbook


W Manipulations at the inflexion point list cause a changed diagram of the pipe process. The pipe length is not changed.

For the change of the pipe process diagram tools are available, which can also recalculate the pipe length. Alternatively the assistant “Update pipe lengths” on page 211 is available for the examination and correction of pipe lengths.

“Fittings” TabUsing the tab “Fittings” additional resistances are allocated to the pipe and the total of the coefficients of drag is calculated.

✍ As soon as Zeta values are entered into this list, it is no longer possible to change the Zeta value manually. sisHYD then computes the Zeta value using the special fittings registered here. In order to register Zeta values again manually, this list must contain no rows here.

Open dialog “Coefficients of drag”

The dialog mask “coefficients of drag” is opened by clicking on the symbol.

Remove special fitting

Deletes the selected entry from the list of the special fittings.

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5

“Result” Tab

Using the tab you see directly the calculation results for the pipe. The height of the dialog mask is adaptable to be able to show the results list completely.


List of the resultsThe following results for the pipe are computed and indicated subject to the module:

Size Description

Pressure loss The sum of all pressure losses in the pipe.Mass flow Is the computed pipe flow.Speed Flow rate.Spec. pressure loss Specific pressure loss = dynamic pressure loss related

to the pipe length.Exit dampness Dampness in the piping exit (only for steam networks).Dyn. pressure loss Is the pressure loss due to friction in pipes.Heat loss Is the entire energy dissipation delivered over the piping surface.Transportation sisHYD estimates the transported thermal output of the flow

leader (and KLB leader) according to the following formula for long-distance heating systems:

The numerical value thus calculated is also meaningful during asymmetrical mass flow distribution in flow and return, as long as the return temperature level is similar in the entire network.

Resistance number

Q· m· VL cp,Average,fl TVL,Out TRL,Out–( )⋅ ⋅=

56 sisHYD Handbook

The menu “Components”Valves

ValvesServes to specify the the valves in the network by assigning the node connection and the information of a type of valve. The Valve types contain the characteristic parameters to describe the valves.

✍ Valves in sisHYD typically have a control function. For a purely separation function it is simpler to provide a pipe with the attribute “Isolated”.

“General” TabValveEnter the name of the valve here.

Zeta value of bends Is the sum of the Zeta values at entry and exit due to flow allocation. The numerical value is proven only if the calculation of the pressure losses at branches is activated in the defaults for “Steady State Network Calculation”.Design fundamentals are described in“Calculation of drag coefficients of bends” on page 221.

Suggested Pipe class

Is the pipe class determined in case of a design calculation. Otherwise no pipe class is proven.

Pipe class Is the pipe class currently in use. The entry is not a result in the true sense; however, after running a design calculation is is available for comparision with the suggested pipe class without having to switch to the “General” tab.

Speed The average flow rateSpec. Heat loss Is the specific heat loss of the pipe over the piping surface.Entry pressure Is the pressure at the flow entry.Exit pressure Is the pressure at the flow exit.Entry temperature Is the temperature of the medium at the flow entry.Exit temperature Is the temperature of the medium at the flow exit.Flow rate in Flow rate in the entry cross section of the pipe.Flow rate out Flow rate in the exit cross-section of the pipe.Pressure differential Average pressure difference between flow and return.Error The description of the errors if any occur.

Size Description

sisHYD Handbook 57


5

sisHYD generates a unique name for the valve, for which may be changed. The name must be unique within the network elements, otherwise sisHYD rejects the change and issues an appropriate warning.

Initial and end nodesCombination fields, with which the linkage of the valve within the network between initial and end nodes is specified.

ZoneAssigns the valve to one of the configured zones.

✍ The allocation is insignificant for actual hydraulic calculation. It is useful in the case of the formation of network variables for cost calculations.

Type of valveAssigns a Valve types to the valve. The allocation is optional. The pre-defined type “<without valve type>” enables the calculation without specifying the component specification. A control as to whether the construction unit is used in accordance with specification is void in this case.The type of valve describes the hydraulic behavior of the valve. It also contains information about the valve price, as well as production information, irrelevant to the simulation.

Price categoryAssigns a price category to the valve. The costs for the valve are determined by the price value in the valve type data of the same price category.

“Regulation” TabAll control functions assigned to the pump are indicated on the tab. The associated regulation dialog is opened by double clicking on a row.

58 sisHYD Handbook


“Result” TabYou can access the calculation results for the valve using the tab. The height of the dialog mask is adaptable to be able to show the results list completely.


List of the resultsThe following results for the valve are computed and indicated subject to the module:

Size Description

Mass flow Is the calculated valve flow.Flow rate in Flow rate in the entry cross section of the valve.Flow rate out Flow rate in the exit cross-section of the valve.Temperature in Is the temperature of the medium in the entry flow of the valve.Temperature out Is the temperature of the medium in the exit flow of the valve.Pressure in Is the entry pressure in the entry flow of the valve.Pressure out Is the exit pressure in the exit flow of the valve.Position Is the calculated position of the valve if a type of valve was indicated.Pressure loss Is the pressure loss caused by the valve.Error The description of the errors if any occur.

sisHYD Handbook 59

The menu “Components”Pumps

5

PumpsServes to specify centrifugal pumps in the network by allocation of the node connection and the indication of a pump type. The Pump types describes the thermal hydraulic behavior of the pump.

PumpEnter the name of the pump here.sisHYD generates unique name for the pump. Renaming is permissible and is checked by sisHYD in such a way that no name can be entered which was already assigned for another network element.

“General” Tab

Initial and end nodesCombination fields, with which the linkage of the pump within the network between initial and end nodes is specified.

✍ The direction of flow in a pump is fixed, unlike a pipe; i.e. the pump is always flowed through from beginning to the end mode.

60 sisHYD Handbook


ZoneAssigns the pump to one of the configured zones.


Pump typeAssigns a Pump types to the pumps. The pump type determines the thermal hydraulic behavior of the net element. Additionally, the 6 price categories for the apparatus are indicated there.Assigns a Pump types to the pump. The allocation is optional. The pre-defined type “<without pump type>” enables the calculation without specifying the component specification. A control as to whether the construction unit is used in accordance with specification is void in this case.The type of valve describes the hydraulic behavior of the valve. It also contains information about the valve price, as well as production information, irrelevant to the simulation.

Price categoryAssigns a price category (1-6) to the pump.

Electricity tariffDetermines the costs for the pump flow.

“Regulation” TabAll control functions assigned to the pump are indicated on the tab. The associated regulation dialog is opened by double clicking on a row.

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5

“Result” TabYou can access the calculation results for the pump using the tab. The height of the dialog mask is adaptable to be able to show the results list completely.


List of the resultsThe following results for the pump are computed and indicated subject to the module:

✍ The calculated numerical values of number of revolutions, efficiency, achievement and NPSH value are meaningful if a pump type is assigned to the pump.

Size Description

Mass flow Is the calculated pump throughflow.Flow rate in Flow rate in the entry flow of the pump.Flow rate out Flow rate in the exit flow of the pump.Temperature in Is the temperature of the medium in the entry flow of the pump.Temperature out Is the temperature of the medium in the exit flow of the pump.Pressure in Is the entry pressure at the entry flow of the pump.Pressure out Is the exit pressure at the exit flow of the pump.Delivery height Is the calculated delivery height for the pump.Number of revolutions

Is the number of revolutions calculated with given flow and delivery height (or the given number of revolutions).

Efficiency Is the calculated pump efficiency.Performance Is the necessary electrical performance for the pump.NSPH Is the calculated NPSH value.Error The description of the errors if any occur.

62 sisHYD Handbook

The menu “Components”Feeder

FeederServes to specify the feeders (production plants) in the network.

✍ The queried maximum values only have indirect influence on network calculation and cause warnings during excess. The indicated constant pressure loss and pressure loss coefficient enter directly into the hydraulic calculation!

FeederContains the the name of the feeder.

Tab “General”

Initial and end nodesSpecifies the linkage of the feeder within the network between the initial and end nodes. With the combination fields the linkages can be formed to existing nodes in the network.

ZoneAllocates a feeder to one of the zones configured.


Const. pressure loss portionContains the constant pressure loss proportion caused by the feeder - .

Max. pressure lossMax. pressure loss which occurs with the max. feeder mass flow - .

Max. Feed mass flowContains the max. feed mass flow - .

Pressure loss coefficientThe pressure loss coefficient displays the pressure loss related to the mass flow and enters the calculation of the feed pressure loss as follows:

Δpconst

Δp

m·

ϕ

sisHYD Handbook 63


5

(5.4)

“Limits” Tab

Max. Feeding temperatureContains the maximum entry temperature of the feeder.

Max. Feed performanceContains the maximum feed temperature of the feeder.

Min. mass flowContains the minimum mass flow which the feeder is set for.

Heat production costsContains the costs for heat production by the feeder.

Capital outlaysEnter the capital outlays of the feeder here.

Δp ΔpConst ϕ m· 2⋅+=

64 sisHYD Handbook


“Result” TabYou can access the calculation results for the pump using the tab. The height of the dialog mask is adaptable to be able to show the results list completely.


List of the resultsThe following results for the valve are computed and indicated subject to the module:

Size Description

Exit pressure Exit pressure and/or feed pressure for the categories gas and water.Exit temperature Feed temperature of the feeder, only for the categories long-distance

heating and long-distance cooling.Feeding performance Calculated heat performance of the feeder.Mass flow Feed mass throughflow.Flow rate Feed volume throughflow.Pressure loss Hydraulic pressure loss of the feeder.Entry pressure Pressure at the entry flow of the feeder.Entry temperature Entry temperature of the feeder, only for the categories long-distance

heating and long-distance cooling.Error The description of the errors if any occur.

sisHYD Handbook 65

The menu “Components”Consumer

5

ConsumerThis dialog indicates all consumers relevant for network calculation. The consumers produced from customer data are also displayed and can be recognized on the basis of the name convention.

ConsumerEnter the name of the consumer here.The name the consumer must be unique within the names for network elements. sisHYD checks the assigned name and issues a warning if necessary.

“General” Tab

Initial and end nodesCombination fields, with which the linkage of the consumer within the network between initial and end nodes is specified.

✍ In general the a consumer’s initial node is always a flow node (for three-leader systems flow or KLB nodes). The end node must be a return node.In the special case of return consumers the starting node is also a return node.

Consumer groupAssigns a consumer group to the consumer. The consumer group specifies the load behavior of the consumer and decides among other things on the return temperature.The consumer groups are provided and edited with the dialog “Consumer groups” on page 84.

ZoneAssigns the consumer to one of the configured zones.


66 sisHYD Handbook


Connection loadSee “nominal mass flow/nominal volume flow”.

Nominal mass flow/nominal value streamConsumer value in the indicated unit with a load factor of 100%.

✍ The consumer value consumed can either be indicated as connection load, nominal mass flow or nominal value stream. The selection field concerned should be marked, so that the associated input field (in the illustration the field nominal mass flow) is released for input. For gas and water networks only mass flow and flow rate are available for selection.

Bypass diameterIf a bypass is to be used parallel to the consumer, you can enter the diameter of the bypass pipe here. The bypass is calculated as individual flow resistance with a Zeta value of 3.8.

(5.5)

Return consumersMark the field in order to display and select only return nodes in the list of the starting nodes. Thus a consumer becomes a return consumer. If this option is selected, the field “initial node” is reset and the initial node must be allocated.

✍ When switching between consumer data records, sisHYD automatically updated the status of the field depending on the consumer’s set initial mode.

“Limits” TabHere the operation limits of the consumer are entered/changed. If these values are not 0, the defaults from the associated consumer group are overwritten.

Δp ρ2--- v2 3.8 Pressure loss proportion Δp

Velocity of flow vDensity ρ

⋅ ⋅=

sisHYD Handbook 67


5

Min. Difference of pressureFor each consumer if necessary a minimum difference of pressure can be indicated, which is necessary for the heat supply of the consumer. This value overwrites the min difference of pressure of the associated consumer group. indicated in the consumer group. If this value falls below during calculation, an error message occurs.

Max. PressureFor each consumer if necessary a max. pressure can be indicated which may not be exceeded in operation. This value overwrites the max. pressure of the associated consumer group indicated in the consumer group. If this value is exceeded during calculation, an error message occurs.

Maximum mass flowFor each consumer if necessary a max. mass flow can be set. The heat extraction of the consumer is limited to the max. mass flow if the entry temperature is too low.

Min. Flow temperatureFor each consumer a minimum necessary inlet temperature (e.g. a contractually assured temperature) can be entered, which is checked at the end of the calculation. If the value falls below the minimum, this leads to an error message.

Min. Entry pressureFor each consumer the minimum necessary pressure on entry can be set. If this value falls below during calculation, an error message occurs.

Max. Exit pressureFor each consumer the maximum permissible pressure at the exit of the consumer can be given. If this value is exceeded during calculation, an error message occurs.

“Customer” Tab

Shows a list of all customers, who were combined into the current consumer.

✍ By double clicking on a customer, the assigned customer data set is opened.

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“Result” TabYou can access the calculation results for the consumer using the tab. The height of the dialog mask is adaptable to be able to show the results list completely.


List of the resultsThe following results for the consumer are computed and indicated subject to the module:

Size Description

Mass flow Is the calculated consumer throughflow.Flow rate in Flow rate in the entry flow of the consumer.Flow rate out Flow rate in the exit flow of the consumer.Temperature in Is the temperature in the entry flow of the consumer.Temperature out Is the temperature in the exit flow of the consumer.Pressure in Is the entry pressure at the entry flow of the consumer.Pressure out Is the exit pressure at the exit flow of the consumer.Pressure differential Is the pressure difference between flow (or KLB leader)

and return from the consumer.Load Is the load actually removed by the consumer.Average. retention time (only thermally intermittent calculation).Bypass mass flow The bypass mass flow calculated on the basis of the

pressure difference.Error The description of the errors if any occur.

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The menu “Components”Customer

5

CustomerIn this dialog the data for customers can be entered and changed. The heat requirement of a customer can be defined in different way (e.g. by means of connected load). The only information necessary is that on the basis of which network calculation is to be carried out.

CustomerEnter the name of the customer here.

“General” TabAfter modification of fields relevant for the hydraulic calculation (tabs “General”, “Tab Water”) sisHYD automatically updates the generated consumers affected at the connection node. See “Automatic production of consumers from customer data” on page 73.

Connection nodeNode to which the customer is connected.

ZoneThe zone that the customer is allocated to.

✍ The zone is applied for the generated consumer. If no zone is allocated, then the automatic transformation applies the zone of the element attached to the connecting node. If no item is connected, the standard zone is selected.

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HeatingDetermines the customer’s characteristics for the heater portion at the load. If the field is not marked, no heating load is available and the following input fields are deactivated.

Consumer groupSelect the consumer group for the heater portion in the combination field. The consumer group determines the customer’s consumption behavior and sets which consumer value is used for the transformation into a consumer. The consumption field set in the consumer group is normally shown, while the remaining fields are displayed in the dialog mask with a grey background.See also “Consumer groups” on page 84.

Connected loadContains the connected load (the contractual thermal output) of the customer.

Nominal mass flowContains the nominal mass flow of the customer.

Nominal volume flowContains the nominal volume flow of the customer.

Bypass diameterDefines the diameter of the bypass pipe, if available.

Max. mass flow.Optional input for the delimitation of the max. mass flow.

ConsumerDisplays the name of the consumer data record to which the customer’s heater portion was transferred. By double clicking on the field the consumer dataset is opened.

Quantity of water current/previous yearWater consumption of the current and the preceding year.

Quantity of heat current/previous yearAmount of heat taken in current and preceding year.

Volume current/previous yearVolume taken in current and preceding year.

Floor spaceContains the total floor space.

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“Tab Water” TabUsing the tab “Tab Water”, you allocate additional loads for the tab Water preparation and/or air conditioning to the customer.

Tab waterDetermines the customer’s characteristics for the heater portion at the load. If the field is not marked, no heating load is available and the following input fields are deactivated.

Consumer groupSelect the consumer group for the hot water preparation in the combination field. The consumer group determines the customer’s consumption behavior and sets which consumer value is used for the transformation into a consumer. The consumption field set in the consumer group is normally shown, while the remaining fields are displayed in the dialog mask with a grey background.See also “Consumer groups” on page 84.

Connected loadContains the connection value of the tab water preparation.

Nominal mass flowNominal mass flow for the tab water preparation.

Nominal volume flowNominal volume flow of the tab water preparation.

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ConsumerDisplays the name of the consumer data record to which the customer’s heater portion was transferred. By double clicking on the field the consumer dataset is opened.

VentilationDetermines the customer’s characteristics for the ventilation portion in the same way as the “Tab Water” section.

“User Defined” TabOn this tab page freely definable attributes of the customer are displayed and edited. The text of the attributes is freely selectable and stored in the project data base.With a few exceptions, any character sequences with max. 255 characters length can be entered in the input fields.

Automatic production of consumers from customer dataCustomer data is transferred automatically to consumers. Thus one new consumer results from one or more customer data records. The conversion takes place according to these rules:

1. The consumer is always produced at the connecting node of the customer.

2. Customer data with the same consumer group and the same zone is pooled.

✍ The following also applies for long-distance heating 3-leader networks: A consumer with connection to the supply is produced for the heating portion. For the portions of tab water preparation and ventilation consumers connected to the KLB leader are always produced.

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5

3. The set consumer group determines which field of the customer data is converted to the consumer load figure. See ““Customer” Tab” on page 86.If source and target are identical, no conversion is necessary. As soon as a removed quantity (amount of heat, quantity, volume) is set in the customer column, the yearly hours are needed for the conversion into the appropriate flow size (see the following table):

ConversionDepending upon type of the conversion,

• the flow and return specified temperature of the consumer group

• the yearly hours

• average material values

are used in the following formulae. The material values for density and thermal capacity are calculated for an absolute pressure of 5 bar and the numerical mean temperature using the thermodynamics library provided.

(5.6)

or or (5.7)

(5.8)

Symbol:

, ,

, and

Customer Yearly hours

Connected load -Nominal mass flow -Flow rate -Current amount of heat necessaryAmount of heat previous year necessaryCurrent quantity of water. necessaryQuantity of water previous year necessaryCurrent volume. necessaryVolume previous year necessaryFloor space necessary

Q· m· cp TFlow-Set TReturn-Set–( )⋅ ⋅=

Q· QtYear-----------= V· V

tYear-----------= m· m

tYear-----------=

V· m·ρ----=

Q· Heat load= cp Thermal capacity= T Temperature=

m· Mass flow=

V· Flow Rate=

ρ Density=

tYear Yearly hours=

Q Annual output= m Annual quantity= V Annual volume=

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The menu “Components”Pipe classes

Flow of the transformationThe transformation results only on nodes affected by data record modifications and executes these actions:

1. Determine regulations on generated consumers, in order to be able to set the regulation correctly even after the deletion of generated consumers.

2. Deletes the generated consumers (manually created consumers are preserved unchanged).

3. Pooling of customer data according to the specified rules for new consumers.

4. Re-creation of affected regulations on consumers (if necessary).

✍ Deleting customer data can to differential pressure regulations on consumers being changed over to equivalent differential pressure regulations between nodes, as long as no more consumers are present at the connection node.

Pipe classesWith the pipe class dialog a high performance possibility is available to the user to reduce the number of repeating inputs for pipes by the definition of own pipe classes.

ClassName of the pipe class.

“Hydraulics” Tab

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Inside diameterInside diameter of the pipe class. The numerical value is relevant for hydraulic calculation.

Heat coefficientThe heat coefficient indicated the specific heat losses of the piping and enters thermal calculation as heat transition coefficient. The heat transition coefficient is determined from the heat coefficient by division with the piping extent related to the inside diameter.

(5.9)

The thermal calculation then takes place in accordance with “Piping” on page 219.

Wall roughnessSurface roughness of the piping. This value is needed for the calculation of the pressure loss with the Colebrook White formula.

Pressure ratingPressure rating of the piping (max. permissible operating pressure).

Retention correctionCorrection factor for the retention time, to correct due to the storage effect in piping wall and isolation during the heating/cooling in the pipe. The value usually lies between 1 and 1.2 (default value = 1).

Ambient temperatureOptional information of the ambient temperature for the heat loss calculation of the pipe. The default becomes effective, if no individual exterior temperature is defined for pipes.

Corrugated pipeDesignates the pipe class as corrugated pipe and enables the input of additional parameters for the description of corrugated pipe geometry. The geometry details are to be taken from the the manufacturer’s data sheet.Calculation takes place in accordance with worksheet FW 440-2 - [17].

Groove distanceThe distance between the high points of two grooves next to each other, in the direction of the piping axle.

Groove depthThe distance between high and low point of a wave.

Heat through-flow coefficient Heat coefficientπ dinside⋅

--------------------------------------=

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“Design” Tab

Use for designIf this switch is pressed, the pipe class is available for design calculations. Otherwise the pipe class is not considered with design calculations and is not suggested for use.

Max. spec. pressure lossMaximum specific pressure loss for the pipe class.

Max. flow rateMaximum flow rate for the pipe class.

W If these values for max. spec. flow rate are set, i.e. the numerical values are not equal to zero, you overwrite the global default from the network calculation.

See in the network calculation dialog ““Design” Tab” on page 107.

“Prices” Tab

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The menu “Components”Pump types

5

Price level.With the price level, a specific moving price is assigned to the pipe class as a function of the moving conditions. The categories 1 to 6 are available across the application and can be filled according to your own needs.The price indicated here together with the price stage selected in the pipes which of the 6 numerical values is to be used for a pipe for capital outlay calculation.

“Extra 1” and “Extra 2” Tab

Additional informationUnder this point of dialog further specifications of the pipe class are possible regarding thermal insulation, supplier, material, order no., leakage detection, nominal diameter, shroud diameter, specific piping weight and outside diameter. These details are only for information and have no influence on network calculation.

Pump typesIn this dialog pump types can be defined. The network configuration is simplified by pump types, which are available for the entire network calculation and simplify the production of a network substantially.

Pump typeName of the pump type.

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Nominal number of revolutionsContains the nominal number of revolutions of the pump type. This number of revolutions is noted on the data sheets of the pump characteristic.

Min. and max. Mass flowContains the minimum and the maximum mass flow which can be supported by this pump type with nominal number of rotations.

✍ If a mass flow is calculated outside the specified range in the network calculation for a pump of this type, a warning results.

Min. and max. number of revolutionsContains the minimum and maximum number of revolutions permissible for pumps of this design.

✍ If a number of revolutions is calculated outside the specified range in the network calculation for a pump of this type, a warning results.

Engine performanceContains the engine performance of this pump type.

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“Characteristic” TabIn this table the characteristic data of the pump type are stored. It links the mass flow, the delivery height, electric current requirements and the NPSH value. The entries can be edited in the table.

For the characteristic at least 4 basic values must be given. Alternatively the direct input of the pump characteristic parameters happens using the register ““Parameters” Tab” on page 80.

✍ A popup menu exists for the list, in order to insert rows into the table, to delete rows, etc.; see “Context menus (right key menus)” on page 17.

“Parameters” TabThe characteristic parameters can be entered directly using this tab. The input is possible only if no rows are present in the characteristic list.

The characteristics are described with 2D (promotion and NPSH characteristics) and/or 3D (performance characteristics) polygons. See “Pumps” on page 220.The parameter set is entered in SI units (the units are indicated with the help text bubble).

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“Prices” Tab

Assigns costs to the pump types in the price categories for the whole application. The allocation takes place according to your own needs.

“Extra” TabIn this tab further specifications of the pump type are possible regarding supplier, order no. and model. These details are only for information and have no influence on network calculation.

ModelEnter the name of the pump type here according to manufacturer data.

SupplierName of the pump manufacturer.

Order no.The order no. of the pump with the supplier.

Efficiency of the hydraulic transmissionBy selecting the check box Hydraulic transmission, a hydraulic transmission (Voith transmission) is assigned to the pump type.

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The menu “Components”Valve types

5

Min. EfficiencyContains the efficiency of the hydraulic transmission at minimum number of revolutions.

Max. EfficiencyContains the efficiency of the hydraulic transmission at maximum number of revolutions of the pump.

Valve typesIn this dialog valve types can be defined, which are available for the entire network calculation and simplify the production of a network substantially.

Type of valveName of the type of valve.


Kind of characteristicIn this selection box the kind of characteristic of the type of valve can be specified. The following entries are available:

The effect of the parameters on the network calculation is described under “Valves” on page 221.

Kind of characteristic Comment

Percentage equal Input of the KVS value required.Linear Input of KVS value and KVS/KV0 required.Freely defined Input of up to 10 bases of the valve characteristic.

The input fields KVS and KVS/KV0 are ignored.Check valve No input of parameters possible.

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The menu “Components”Valve types

Price categoriesAssigns costs for the possible price categories to the valve types. The categories 1 to 6 are available across the application and can be filled according to your own needs.

Valve position and coefficientIf the type of characteristic “freely defined” was selected, then up to ten bases can be entered in this field.

KVSFlow with standard conditions (20 °C, 1 bar pressure loss).

✍ The input field is to be filled out for the types of characteristic “linear” and “equal percentage”.

KVS/KVOTheoretical positioning requirement.The input field is only to be filled out for the type of characteristic “linear”.

CharacteristicAs soon as the type of characteristic “freely defined” is selected, the valve type receives its hydraulic characteristic with value pairs of position and valve coefficients. At least 2 and a maximum of 10 value pairs are to be entered into the list. Intermediate values are interpolated linearly by the program. The values can be entered unsorted, but must result in a strictly monotonous rising characteristic.

“Prices” TabAssigns costs for the possible price categories to the valve types. The categories 1 to 6 are available across the application and can be filled according to your own needs.

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The menu “Components”Consumer groups

5

“Extra” TabUnder this dialog point, further specifications of the type of valve are possible regarding supplier, order no. and model. These details are only for information and have no influence on network calculation.

Consumer groupsIn this dialog consumer groups can be defined.

Consumer groupName of the consumer group.

“Load model” Tab

Flow and return targetContains the target values for the flow and the return of the consumer group.

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Sigma loadDeviation of the return temperature when the load factor is changed. The return temperature is calculated according to the following formula:

(5.10)

Sigma flowDeviation from the return temperature when the flow temperature is modified. The return temperature is calculated according to the following formula

(5.11)

“Limits” Tab

Retention timeAverage retention time of the medium with a consumer in the case of design.

Min. Difference of pressureMinimum necessary customer pressure difference.

Min. Flow temperatureMinimum necessary inlet temperature.

Max. Inlet pressureMaximum permissible customer inlet pressure.

Min. Entry pressureMinimum entry pressure for all consumers belonging to to the consumer group.

Max. Exit pressureMaximum permissible pressure at the exit of the consumer.

TR TRSetσLoad 1 f–( ), Loadfactor f⋅–=

TR TRSetσFlow+ TV TVSet

–( )⋅=

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With quantity delimitationActivates the quantity delimitation of the associated consumers (only for the categories long-distance heating/long-distance cooling as well as in given rated outputs of the consumers). The maximum mass flow of a customer results from the rated output and the interpretation temperatures as well as the delimitation factor; see Gl. 5.12.If no defaults are made, the consumers of this consumer group are calculated without quantity delimitation.

W Note that the defaults in the consumer group are possibly overwritten by individual settings on consumers. An explicit default of the maximum mass flow at the consumer has priority.

Delimitation factorFactor for the determination of the max. mass flow of a consumer in the network calculation. The maximum mass flow of a consumer effective in calculation is calculated as follows.

(5.12)

is the maximum effective mass flow of a consumer in network calculation.

is the conclusion value of the consumer from the consumer data (individual network element).

is the target temperature difference of the consumer group for the case of design (the case in which the connected load is set).

is the delimitation factor.

“Customer” TabDetermines which consumption field is used for the transformation of a customer into a consumer when working with customer data. The transformation is described in the section “Automatic production of consumers from customer data” on page 73.

m· Max fLimitationQ· Nominalcp ΔTSet⋅-----------------------⋅=

m· Max

Q· Nominal

ΔTSet

fLimitation

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The menu “Components”Medium Properties

SourceMarks the data field of the customer from which the target value is determined for the consumer. If source and target agree, a direct transfer of the value of the number takes place.

Yearly hoursThe field is activated, as soon as a quantity is selected under source. The appropriate flow size (heat flow, mass flow or volume flow) is then determined by division from the work/quantity and used for further conversions.

TargetThe target field in the generated consumer. Heat load, mass flow or through flow (depending upon medium) are available.

Medium PropertiesIncludes the necessary material value information for the calculation of gases.

MediumThe name for the medium concerned.

Standard densityThe density of the medium in normal state.

Calorific valueOptional information of the calorific value.

✍ With information of the calorific value, it is possible to give consumption values as connected loads (thermal outputs). The network calculation then takes over the conversion into mass flows using the calorific value.

Dyn. Viscosity with standard conditionsThe dynamic viscosity (not the kinematic viscosity!) of the medium.

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The menu “Components”Drag coefficients

5

Sutherland constantConstant for the conversion of the dynamic viscosity to another temperature than the standard temperature. The dynamic tenacity for a temperature T is calculated asfollows:

(5.13)

Thus the temperatures must be put into Kelvin.

Pressure factor compressibilityConstant for the calculation of the gas compressibility subject to the pressure. The compressibility K is calculated with the pressure factor compressibility as follows:

(5.14)

Drag coefficientsConstruction units and your drag coefficients are entered into the system using the dialog mask Drag coefficients. The dialog is also used to allocate drag coefficients to the pipe currently being edited.

New

Inserts a new additional resistance into the list. A new additional resistance is entered as “<New>” in the list.

Delete

Removes the selected additional resistance from the list. The additional resistance can be only removed if it is not referenced by any pipe.

η η0TT0------⋅=

1 CT0------+

1 CT----+

---------------⋅

KPar

K 1 KPar+= P⋅

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Insert in pipe mask

Transfers the selected additional resistance of the pipe currently being edited on the list of the additional resistances.

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6 The menu “Controls”The menu controls makes a set of regulation possibilities available for the network elements pump and valve. In this way you illustrate the mode of operation of your network.

Pressure maintenanceIn this dialog you can define pressure maintenance. This is then assigned to one or more networks in the configuration and can be switched off again for a calculation.

Control nameName of the pressure maintenance. The name may be changed but must remain unique within the controls.

Node 1Using the combination field the rule node for the flow/return pressure maintenance and/or the first rule node for the average pressure maintenance is selected.

Task: Selection from the menu “Controls”:

Create/change pressure maintenance (flow, central or return line pressure maintenance)

Pressure maintenance (page 91)

Create/change pressure controls for pumps or valves Pressure controls (page 92)

Create/change pressure differential controls between nodes, for rule element and consumer

Difference of pressure controls (page 93)

Create/change mass flow controls Quantity controls (page 94)

Create/change temperature controls Temperature controls (page 95)

Create/change admixture controls Admixture controls (page 95)

Create/change thermal bypasses Thermal bypasses (page 96)

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The menu “Controls”Pressure controls

6

Node 2The combination field serves to select the 2nd rule node of the average pressure maintenance. The average pressure maintenance is activated using the selection field before the node.

PressureThe pressure value which must be held constant.

Middle factorThe average factor determines the resulting average pressure in case of the kind of pressure maintenance “average pressure maintenance” with given pressures at the nodes 1 and 2. It is calculated as follows:

Average pressure = node pressure 1 * factor + node pressure 2 * (1 - factor).A value of 0.5 corresponds to the actual (symmetrical) average pressure maintenance between the pressure maintenance nodes.

Pressure controlsIn this dialog you can define pressure defaults for pumps and valves.

Control nameName of the regulation, which must be unique within the regulations.

Rule elementCombination field for the selection of the pump or the valve which is to be regulated.

✍ The field is deactivated as soon as the control is in use by a network calculation.

Rule nodeCombination field with which the node which is to be regulated is selected.

Regulation pressureThe desired value for the regulation.

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The menu “Controls”Difference of pressure controls

Difference of pressure controlsHere you can define difference of pressure regulations for pumps and valves.


Rule elementCombination field for to select the pump or valve which is to be regulated.


Type of regulationSpecifies the kind of difference of pressure control. The following possibilities to set a pressure differential are available:

W With the type of regulation “crit. consumer”, it is accepted that the consumer selected as crit. consumer is started with. In the process of network calculation, the crit. consumer can change dynamically.

Node 1/node 2Combination fields to select the rule nodes, between which the pressure differential is to be maintained. The fields are active if the type of regulation selected is “between nodes”.

ConsumerCombination field to select the consumer which is be regulated. The field is only active if the type of regulation set is “consumer” and “crit. consumer”.

Type of control To

Between nodes To maintain the pressure differential between the rule nodes node 1 and node 2

Element To assign a constant pressure loss/increase to a valve or a pumpConsumer To adjust the pressure differential at the selected consumerCrit. Consumer To set the pressure differential at the crit. consumer in the calculation

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The menu “Controls”Quantity controls

6

Pressure differentialThe pressure differential which is to be maintained between the two selected nodes or the pressure loss/the delivery height for the rule element.

W The pressure differential is determined as a difference of the abs. pressures between node 1 and node 2. If the regulation is applied to the element itself, the numerical value describes the pressure loss which is to be set. Therefore the pressure differential must be negative with pumps so that a constant increase in pressure is obtained!

Quantity controlsEnter the mass flow regulation for a rule element in the dialog “mass flow regulations”.Either the feeding mass flow of a supplier or a firm mass flow can be given as a desired value. The default of a given mass flow only makes sense, however, if the rule element is in a hydraulic mesh.




SupplierBy marking the selection field in the combination field, you activate the selection of the supplier whose feeding value (mass flow, flow rate or performance as displayed in the distribution of load) is to be brought into the network.

Mass flow/flow rateBy marking the appropriate selection field you activate the input field mass flow or flow rate and can enter the desired mass flow for the regulation.

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The menu “Controls”Temperature controls

Temperature controlsIn this dialog you configure temperature controls for pumps and valve valves.

W The automatic controller is meant for control functions when rule nodes and rule elements are far away from each other. This kind of temperature control can strongly impair the convergence of network calculation or even make it impossible. Far more common variables for temperature control with “good-natured” automatic controller action in network calculation are the “Admixture controls” and the “Thermal bypasses”.



✍ The field is deactivated as soon as the control is in use by anetwork calculation.

Rule nodeCombination fields to select the rule nodes whose temperature is to be set.

TemperatureDesired value for the rule temperature at the rule node.

Admixture controlsIn this dialog you configure admixture controls.


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The menu “Controls”Thermal bypasses

6



TemperatureThe mixture temperature which is to be maintained at the initial node of the rule element.

Thermal bypassesIn this dialog you configure thermal bypasses. The thermal bypass opens as soon as there is a drop below the minimum temperature at the initial node of the control valve (which must be in the flow and/or KLB leader).


Control valveCombination field to select the valve which is to be regulated.


Min. temperatureThe minimum temperature which is to be maintained. Opens the bypass opens as soon as there is a drop below this temperature.

✍ In order to establish a thermal bypass between flow and return, set an valve with the initial node into the flow, with the end node into the return. As soon as there is a drop below the minimum temperature, the valve opens. If the too low temperature was caused by too small velocity of flow and thus by too strong cooling down of the flow, the temperature at the initial node rises.

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7 The menu “Calculation”Under the Calculation menu you work with network calculations. You enter load cases, carry out changes to existing calculation defaults and start network calculation.

Steady State Network CalculationThe dialog “Steady State Network Calculation” serves to input, modify and start steady-state network calculations. The regulations and the distribution of load for calculation are set in this dialog, as well the configuration of the desgin defaults.

CalculationGive your network calculation a name here.

Start network calculationImplements the network calculation with the settings made. If calculation is terminated with messages, sisHYD automatically opens the error log. After successful calculation (without fatal error) the calculation results are imported and can be evaluated in the report center.The progress display of the calculation is displayed only if calculation time amounts to multi than one second. It serves to cancel the calculation being carried out in the background if necessary. The display is closed automatically when the calculation finishes.

Task: Selection from the menu “Calculation”:

Create/change/start static network calculation Steady State Network Calculation (page 97)

Create/change/start dynamic network calculation Unsteady State Network Calculation (page 109)

Create, display and print reports Report center (page 111)

Reports sketch Report Designer (page 113)

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The menu “Calculation”Steady State Network Calculation

7

CloseCloses the progress bar after successful calculation.

CancelCancels current calculation.Give your network calculation a name here.

Start validation

Carries out an examination of the network data and calculation specifications. The validation uncovers potential errors, which are recognizable before a calculation. Detected defects are written in the calculation log and the log is opened if the validation fails.

Display log fileDisplays the log with messages about network calculation. Is if the symbol is greyed out, no log is available for the calculation.The log is written in HTML format and displayed with the default Internet browser. There are hyperlinks behind highlighted object names in the messages, which open the corresponding data records in sisHYD.See “sisHYD browser” on page 23.

Start design wizardStarts the assistant for the adopting of design results, i.e. the adoption of determined pipe classes according to the design criteria. The switch is active only if a valid design calculation has been carried out.You can find further information under “Adopt designed pipes” on page 213.

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Open report centerStarts the report center for the evaluation of the calculation results. The evaluation covers a summary of the calculation as well as a large number of reports for the different installation components and regulations. With the reports there are also many min & max evaluations with an adjustable number of data sets sorted according to the evaluation criterion.

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The report center displays a tree view of the possible evaluations in the left window area. The min/max reports themselves sort the elements in ascending order of the evaluation criterion (separately for each network position).

✍ The displayed reports depend on the category, the medium as well as the existing installation components; if no valves are present in the current project, for example, then no reports for valves are offered.

The listed designated objects have hyperlinks which open the corresponding object in sisHYD when clicked.

✍ See “sisHYD browser” on page 23.

“General” Tab

VariableThe range of the network element being viewed can be limited and controlled with the selection field variable.

Ambient temperatureHere the temperature with which network calculation carries out heat loss calculation at pipes is specified. The temperature level is considered as exterior pipe temperature behind the insulation.

W Network calculation works with a cascaded possibility of the temperature default.The priority sequence is pipe > pipe class > network calculation. If there are defaults in pipe and/or pipe class, the temperatures agreed upon show that there is a valid heat loss calcuation. Otherwise a valid temperature default for heat loss calculation in network calculation is always given in this input field.

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Load factorHere the global load factor is specified. The load factor of the consumers is multiplied by this load factor in order to receive the effective load for calculation. Additionally the consumer group is multiplied by the load factor!

✍ Separate load factors for the heating leader and for the KLB leader can be given for 3-leader-networks.

Supply timesFor all nodes and customers the average retention time of the medium is calculated from the feed to the customer on the assumption that the mass flows are temporally constant. In addition, the total heat/water load reached as well as the times taken to reach 10, 50 and 90 per cent of this load are written into the database for all feeds. In addition the average supply time from each supplier is calculated for all nodes.

DesignCarries out a design calculation which takes place under the defaults in the tab “design”.

Calculate branchesConsiders the pressure losses at branches. See “Calculation of drag coefficients of bends” on page 221.

Without heat lossCarries out the simulation without heat loss calculation.

✍ This option is helpful if a calculation does not converge due to thermal problems. Such problems were observed in particular after input errors with the network data (wrong dimension of a piping).

Under supply of consumersThis feature of network calculation is in the test run and should only be activated after running a successful conventional calculation.The mode only affects consumers who give the maximum mass flow. If there is a drop below the minimum necessary pressure loss for these consumers, the maximum possible mass flow is reduced accordingly. The new limit value for the maximum mass flow can then lead to an under supply of the consumer.

DescriptionIn this several line input field, the calculation and its settings can be described with up to 1000 characters.

✍ When the report is printed, this comment appears on the first page. When the PrintPrep tool is used (using standard framework templates) this text appears in the text heading.

Q· Calculation Q· Consumer fGlobal fConsumergroup⋅ ⋅=

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Results onShows the date of the calculation results as soon as results are available. The symbol before the date displays the calculation status.

✍ Existing calculation results are automatically imported when a calculation is selected.

“Pressure Maintenance” Tab

Pressure maintenanceName of the pressure maintenance. The name of the pressure maintenance cannot be changed in this dialog.

InstructionsHere the pressure maintenance is switched on or off in the list. In a hydraulically closed long-distance heating network only exactly pressure maintenance can generally be switched on.

Symbol Meaning

Successful - calculation was successfully terminated without messages.

Warning - calculation was successfully terminated, but warnings were logged.

Error - calculation was carried but error messages were logged.

Fatal - calculation was not correctly ended. The calculation results are NOT trustworthy. At the time of the calculation cancellation results were written, which might help with the error analysis.Unknown - calculation results are present, but come from an older program version which does not write the calculation status.

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Holding pressureHolding pressure of the pressure maintenance. The holding pressure can be changed for current calculation.It is shown on the tab if no pressure maintenance is activated.

“Regulation” TabThe regulation of the pumps and valves is carried out on this tab.

Pump/valveDisplays the data set names of the pump and/or valve.

✍ The data set is opened by double clicking on the cell to be edited.

Mode of operationHere the mode of operation of the rule element is specified. The first entry is always Off, in order to deactivate the current rule element. The second entry contains the term for the manual operation with a pump. Number of revolutions, with a valve in the term Position. For further entries the names of all regulations found for the rule element follow.

✍ For new rule elements sisHYD determines whether regulations for the element are already defined. If a regulation is found, sisHYD activates regular operation and selects the first regulation. Otherwise the rule element with a pump is blocked, and with an valve set on on manual operation with the position 100%.

W Blocked rule elements do not exist from the perspective of network calculation. Therefore circulation in the network can be interrupted if no alternative bypass of the element is present.

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Desired valueDepending upon mode of operation the meaning of the value indexed under the column info. changes. The following table shows the possible settings:

UnitHere the unit of the desired value for the current rule element is displayed. The unit depends on the kind of the selected regulation and/or on the mode of operation.On the tab it is displayed if in the info. column a value is necessary but no value is entered.

Information for the control functionIf a regulation is selected as mode of operation for the currently selected rule element, the information is displayed here for selected regulation (guidance node as well as if necessary type of regulation and guiding device).

“Feeder” Tab

FeederDisplays the name of a feeder whose mode of operation is to be set for calculation.

✍ The data set is opened by double clicking on the cell with the supplier name to edit it.

Mode of operation Info.

Off No entry possible. The field is ignoredNumber of revolutions The number of revolutions of the pump must be entered here.

The unit is displayed after the cell.Position The position of the valve must be entered here. The unit is displayed

after the cell.Regular operation First the desired value is of the selected regulation is displayed here.

This value can be changed for current calculation.

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Mode of operationThe following table shows the possible modes of operation and names the necessary settings in the field which depend on it:

VL-temp.The feeding temperature of the supplier. Not for gas and water networks.It is displayed on the tab if no entry temperature is registered.

“Load Prognosis“ Tab

Mode of operation Feed

Pressure default Feed pressure at the feed point given in the unit which is entered in the following cell (only for one-leader networks).

Regular operation (long-distance heating)

No entry possible.The flow of the a feeder is calculated in the process of network calculation, since as well as the consumer load also the heat losses must be covered over the pipe surfaces.In two-leader networks exactly one feeder exists in regular operation.In three-leader networks exactly one feeder exists in regular operation for flow and exactly one feeder the regular operation for the constant leader.

Performance Default for feed performance in the unit which is entered in the following cell

Flow rate Default for flow rate in the unit which is entered in the following cellMass flow Default for mass flow in the unit which is entered in the following cellOff No entry

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Consumer groupName of the consumer group.

Load factorLoad factor which enters into calculation of the actual consumer load in network calculation. See the calculation formula under “Load factor” on page 101.

Return temperatureOptional return temperature for the consumer group. If no return temperature is given, the return temperature is determined in accordance with the consumer model subject to the entry temperature as well as the load factor.

“Isolation Valves” Tab

W Whole network areas can be excluded from simulation using the barrier, without having to delete the consumers in these network areas. Make sure no active rule elements or active rule nodes are in blocked ranges!

PipeName of a pipe which can be isolated.

✍ By double clicking on the cell with the pipe name, the pipe data set is displayed.

ConditionA red, filled, barrier symbol identifies a blocked pipe.

A green, non-filled, barrier symbol identifies an open pipe.

By double clicking on the symbol, you switch between blocked and open condition.

BrowseIf the mark is set in this field, the corresponding data set is displayed when the pipe mask is open as soon as the list of the barriers is browsed.

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“Design” TabThe tab “Design” is only available if the marking field design was activated under “General”.

Pipe selectionThe option menu specifies how the pipe selection for the design calculation takes place. The following options are available:

Select by graphicStarts a command to select a pipe from the drawing. The selected pipe is examined and the adjusted selection criterion (zone, pipe class, pipe) is added to the selection list.

Deselect by graphicStarts a command to select a pipe from the drawing. The selected pipe is examined and the adjusted selection criterion (zone, pipe class, pipe) is removed from the selection list.

Delete selection listRemoves all entries from the selection list. The list must be rewritten, otherwise the information for design calculation is incomplete.

Pipe selection Meaning

Entire network The list is ignored. All pipes of the network are dimensioned.By zone All pipes which belong to one of the zones in the list are dimensioned.By pipe classes All pipes whose pipe class is specified in the list are dimensioned.

Note that the pipe classes must be activated explicitly for the design calculation so that they are considered! See “Pipe classes” on page 75.

Selected pipes Only the pipes which are specified in the list are dimensioned.

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Edit selection listEdits the list of objects that are in the scope of the design calculation.

By clicking on a row and/or a focused list by hitting the space bar, the marking of the selected row is switched on/off. A marked row is in the selection.By pressing the input button or the “OK” button, the selection is applies and the dialog mask is closed. By pressing the ESC key or the “cancel” button, the dialog is closed and the changes not applied.

Limit valuesUsing the marker fields, either the the max. pressure loss and/or the max. flow rate of a pipe is considered as design criterion.In the input fields the maximally permissible limit values are set.

“Options” TabThe defaults for logs and functions are set in the tab “options”.

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The menu “Calculation”Unsteady State Network Calculation

LoggingIn this group the settings for logging for network calculation are made.

FatalSerious errors which lead to the abortion of network calculation. This kind of error is always logged.

ErrorError during network calculation (e.g. exceeding/falling below limit values, errors in configuration data). This kind of error is always logged.

WarningWarnings about possible errors (e.g. warnings about nodes with only one attached pipe).

InformationMost important information on the execution of network calculation (e.g. number of iteration steps with hydraulic calculation, display of the most important indexing steps during network calculation).

TopologyMessages about dead “branches” and “dead ends” in the network are given if this field is marked.

FunctionActivated tasks for the calculation can be switched on and off using the option switches.

Update DrawingsIf this field is marked, then sisHYD automatically creates a set of network sketches with the new calculation result.Network sketches are always based on a design template. sisHYD determines the created network sketches and associated templates from the latest result. The new results are applied to the templates thus found.

Start Design Result WizardStarts the assistant to update the pipes pipe classes with the results of the dimensioning, after a successful design calculation.

Unsteady State Network CalculationThe dialog “Dynamic Network Calculation” serves to input, modify and start dynamic network calculations. The regulations and the distribution of load for the calculation for a desired calculation period are set in this dialog.The list of unsteady state network calculations also contains steady state calculations, so that a steady state calculation can be changed into an unsteady state calculation. The different tabs for the calculation defaults determined similarly to steady state network calculation, although there is also tab “Period”. In addition, on the tabs “Pressure Maintenance”, “Control”, “Stations”, “Load Prognosis” and “Isolation Valves”, the default time can be selected.

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The menu “Calculation”Unsteady State Network Calculation

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“Period” TabThe tab “Period” permits the input of the calculation period as well as the calculation and settings step:

FromWhen starting, first the creation date of calculation is displayed. The value can be changed using a special input field for date and time:

ToEnd time of unsteady state calculation. Is currently automatically changed using the selected calculation duration.

DurationCalculation duration of unsteady state network calculation

Calculation step sizeStep size for the thermal hydraulic calculation steps. A smaller time step size usually leads to a somewhat higher accuracy of the calculation results; however also to a higher calculating time as well as a larger data set of calculation results.

Default step sizeStep size for the calculation defaults. The temporal defaults for a feeder, load prognosis etc. are subsequently entered in this selected time step size.

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The menu “Calculation”Report center

Selection default timeThe time for the current calculation defaults can be selected on the tabs “pressure maintenance”, “regulation”, “feeders”, “load prognosis” and “barriers”. The time is usually set in hours starting from the beginning of calculation in the selected calculation step size. The last value is the selected calculation duration less the calculation step size, since calculation defaults would no longer be effective on the last calculation time:

Report centerServes to produce, display and print sisHYD reports.

Report listAll usable reports for the current project and the current calculation are displayed in a tree view. If active calculation has current results, then when the window is open, the 1st. report of the report list, the summary, is displayed.

✍ The lists of all reports are in the site directory of the sisHYD installation in the file settings.xml in the section ReportItems, the report definitions used in the reports in the section ReportDefinitions.

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The menu “Calculation”Report center

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PrintOpens the printing menu of the report center. Enables the current report or the sisHYD standard report to be printed. The following entries are available:

Navigation bar

Enables navigation through larger data quantities of an overview report. The number of rows displayed can be set on the right next to the navigation arrow. This number is used also when printing as number of rows per page.

Max.

Change the maximum number of entries for a currently displayed min/max report here.

✍ A maximum number of result lines are preconfigured in the report list for min/max reports.

OutputThe option menu lists all available output options for sisHYD. The following options can be selected:

The output of the result files takes place in the report directory of the current calculation (subdirectory Report2007\Calculation number under the current project folder). The file name is made up of the report name and the time step number (at present always 1) as well as the file ending of of the selected output option (.xml/.htm/.csv).

SelectionThe selection list selection contains all selection available in the current project. If in this selection list a selection is selected, then the current report is only executed on all objects contained in the selection. Thus the report analysis can be limited with large networks to a clearer quantity of data.

Menu text Function

Current view Prints the displayed lines of the current reportEntire report Prints entire current reportStandard report Prints the sisHYD standard report.

Menu text Function

XML ... The contents of the current report can be saved as an XML file.HTML ... The contents of the current report can be saved as an HTML file.CSV... The contents of the current report can be saved as a CSV file

(ASCII file with semicolon as separator).Excel Transfers the contents of the current report to a spreadsheet

program (see “Output to Excel” on page 257).Standard report to Excel

Transfers a standard report to a spreadsheet program (see “Output to Excel” on page 257).

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The menu “Calculation”Report Designer

Status barThe name of the calculation result as well as the calculation status, to which the report refers, is displayed in the status bar. See “Results on” on page 102.

Report DesignerThe “Report Designer” serves to configure the tree view of reports, the supply of lists for output and the draft of report components.

The Designer window is split. On the left side there are tree views on the 3 functional areas of reports, pressures and components. On the right side the tree view settings are made for a selected entry.

Symbol barThe symbol bar provides the commands new, copy, delete, for the respective configuration category.Additionally, the factory delivered standard reports can be transferred to your own configuration.

ReportsShows a tree of all reports, as appears later in the tree view of the report center. In contrast to the report center this list is not filtered, i.e. reports on the categories gas and water, which are filtered out in a long-distance heating project, are displayed.

PrintA list of the printable report lists indicates. Each report list consists of a list of single reports (from the functional area of reports).

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ComponentsDisplays a tree view of sisHYD object types which evaluations are available for. Designated “report components” can be created under each object type. A component defines the object characteristics to be evaluated which later become visible as report columns visible.

Properties pageDisplays a table of properties of the selected entry of the tree view. The list of properties varies depending on the type of object selected. For example if a “group” is selected from the tree view of the reports, the properties page is empty. Properties representing in the illustration are displayed for a report.

ReportsThe tree view has a context menu for configuring the tree.

Entries can be moved within the tree drag & drop.On the properties page the properties for the currently selected report are displayed:

The following characteristics can be stopped or modified:

ReportHere the report building block for the current report from a swinging out list of the available report building blocks can be selected.

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Type of reportSelection of the type the report:

• Completely: Report for all objects or all objects of the selected selection of the appropriate object type,

• Max: on a given number at entries limited report descending sorts according to a sort attribute,

• Min: on a given number at entries limited report ascending sorts according to a sort attribute,

• Time series: only for intermittent calculations.

Number of seriesFor the types of report Max and Min the max. number at objects can be stopped.

Sort columnReport attribute for the assortment of the report.

Sort directionSort direction (ascending or descending) for the sort column. For Max and min reports the assortment is already determined and cannot not be modified here.

TitleHeading for the report. Thus the report title of the report building block can be overwritten.

File nameFile name for the export of the report.

Category filterAll characteristics of this category limit the visibility of the report the report center.

SectionThe visibility of the report limits to the selected section. If from the opening by hinges list the entry long-distance heating is selected, then the report for gas or WATER projects in the report center is not displayed.

MediumLimits the report to a certain medium. Thus reports can be limited to a certain medium limit e.g. in order long-distance heating reports to cooling water or water vapor.

Number of leadersLimits the report to a network type (1-conductor/2-conductor or 3-conductor).

Network positionLimits the report to the objects of the selected network position.

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All ladderOn long-distance heating reports, in which this option is activated, on symmetrical objects (nodes or pipes) all report attributes up to name for each network position are output. Thus is possible a more compact result overview for multi-conductor system (2-conductor or 3-conductor).

All objectsIf this option is set, also not calculated objects in the report result with are output.

PrintServes to configure lists for the production of report collections. The following characteristics can be set or modified in the properties window:

ReportsThe list of the selected reports for the printing report list indicates.The column selection dialog is opened by the button “…”.

Over the arrow keys the desired reports for the printing report list can be selected and by means of „pinpoint on “and „arrow “the sequence of the reports to be changed off.

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With result summaryOption for the printing report list whether the summary is to be contained of the calculation as the 1st report of the report list.

Lines per pageNumber of lines of page per which can be output printed.

Components

Report components are created, copied and deleted using the context menu of the tree view. Additionally the components can be renamed (or click on the names).

Column selectionIn the property list the editor for the column selection is in the category “general”. Hereby the columns and their sequence for the component can be set.

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The column selection dialog is opened by the button “…”.

Using the arrow keys, the desired characteristics can be selected and the sequence changed with “arrow up” and “arrow down”.

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8 The menu “Drawing”The menu Drawing provides functions for editing the network sketch. The functions range from the construction and extension of the network, via interactive access to configuration and result data, to the configuration of the information represented in the design. All work carried out on the network sketch is done with graphic tools.

Open/close viewOffers the MicroStation menu with which individual views or the view toolbox can be opened or closed.

Task: Selection from the menu “Drawing”:

Open/close viewports Open/close view (page 119)

sisHYD tasks Toolboxes > Drawing Templates (page 141)

Toolbox for drawing templates Toolboxes > Drawing Templates (page 141)

Toolbox for results Toolboxes > Results (page 140)

Toolbox for access to sisHYD settings Tool boxes > sisHYD settings (page 148)

Toolbox for object search Toolboxes > Search (page 150)

Open all toolboxes Open toolboxes (page 139)

Close all toolboxes Close toolboxes (page 139)

Edit selections Selections (page 150)

Edit/create profile plot Profile plot (page 152)

Show/hide task navigation Tasks (page 149)

Switch object tracking in the graphic on/off Object tracking (page 149)

Show/hide basic map Display basic maps (page 149)

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The menu “Drawing”sisHYD tasks

8

sisHYD tasks The sishyd tools are reached using the MicroStation task list. The following tools are found under the “sisHYD” categories:

Step: Selection of the tools

Create a new node (including division of tubing watering gene)

Create node (page 123)

Create a pipe that is defined by the initial node, the inflexion points in the pipe process and the end node

Create Pipe (page 124)

Create a pump which is defined by the initial and end node Create pump (page 126)

Create a valve which is defined by the initial and end node Create valve (page 127)

Create a servicer including return advances and return Create Supply (page 129)

Create a consumerCreate consumer (page 129)

Create a customerCreate customer (page 130)

A path for that to profile-plot create Create Profile path (page 130)

Show configuration data of a network element Object process (page 134)

Shifts a nodeMove nodes (page 134)

Shifts an inflection point or adds one Move inflexion point (page 135)

Deletes an inflection pointDelete inflexion point (page 136)

Combines pipes of same pipe class Join pipes (page 137)

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The menu “Drawing”sisHYD tasks

An item deletesDelete object (page 137)

The network shifts (or the fence contents) Move network (page 131)

Transforms the network (if necessary fence contents) Transform network (page 132)

All nodes transfer to the active selection Select all nodes (page 139)

Transfers all pipes to the active selection Select all pipes (page 139)

Transfers all pumps to the active selection Select all pumps (page 139)

Transfers all valves to the active selection Select all valves (page 139)

All a feeders transfer to the active selection Select all feeders (page 139)

All consumers undertake to transfer to the selection Select all consumers (page 139)

All customers transfer to the active selection Select all customers (page 139)

Transfers all network objects to the selection Select all network objects (page 139)

Transfers all objects selected in the diagram to the active selection Select Objects from MicroStation Selection Set

(page 139)Transfers individual objects from the diagram to the active selection Select Individual objects (page 139)

Opens the dialog “selection”Open Dialog “Selection” (page 139)

Step: Selection of the tools

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The menu “Drawing”Tools for network construction

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Tools for network construction✍ Before you begin with the interactive construction of the network, it is best to have

completed the data input of pipe classes, pump and valve types and/or to load these data into the system using a standard project. See “Import > sisHYD archives” on page 28 or importing piping class catalogs from Microsoft Excel.

General notesThe instruction for network construction permit a flexible control to their operation way over the allocation function adjustments. Some these adjustments repetitive in the different creating commands are used and are first described here.

Function adjustmentsThe instruction for network construction permit a flexible control to their operation way over the allocation function adjustments. Some these adjustments repetitive in the different creating commands are used and are first described here.

ModeDetermines like the connection nodes to be treated to be supposed:

Update pipe lengthsCalculates the length of the pipes from the 3D process of the drawing, concerned by the instruction.

Node | ServicerPermits the proposal of an object name in place of the automatic generation. This option is typically available whenever the name of several created objects is used.

✍ If suggested name should be already assigned, generate and use sisHYD a unique name.

Mode Effect

Line divide The most flexible adjustment for the command. It causes, which nodes can be selected or new nodes are created. With click on a line, this is isolated in the met place, a new node is inserted and this node as starting nodes of the item is used.

If necessary create nodes

If the first mouse click does not meet a node, a new node is produced. The same is valid for the selection/creation of the end node. Either a node from the diagram is selected or a new node is created.

Available nodes Required that nodes are available already. The network item can be attached only to available nodes.

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The menu “Drawing”Create node

Forbid multiple connectionsWith this option it can be prevented that several objects of same type at a node are attached. The command then forbids the selection of the network node and displays the reason in the tool tip.

Data record collecting mainsDuring the construction of new objects an existing data record of the same type serves as collecting main. sisHYD always uses the data record displayed last in the actual data dialog. If the data record should be deleted meanwhile, the firstbest data record of the object type is used.From the collecting main practically all information, those will be contributed not over the construction undertaken. From the construction length, linkage with at the beginning of and end nodes always results.

Creation of itemsThe creation of network items permits it necessary nodes of instructs with create to let and if necessary even lines to divide. During the pipe division a node at the necessary network positions is produced.

Create nodeDesigned in the drawing a node by input of the node coordinate.

The common function settings are described under “Function adjustments” on page 122.

Line division permitA node on a line placed leads this adjustment to the line division. To isolate otherwise the node created without the line.

✍ Lengths of the isolated lines according to the division ratio one determines, i.e. contrary to the new creation of pipings length is not calculated again from the diagram.

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The menu “Drawing”Create Pipe

8

➤ In order to create a new network node, you must carry out the following steps: 1. In the toolbox Network construction, select the function Place nodes.

2. Click on the node coordinate in the drawing.

3. If the node dialog is opened, the display is changed on the created data record and is available for handling.

✍ If you placed the node in a flow design, SISHYD always creates a flow node, even if in the data set last displayed, the flow was not activated. The marker field position for return and KLB leader is transferred. See configuration dialog “Node” on page 48.

Create PipeDesign a pipe in the drawing by indicating starting nodes, inflection points and end nodes.


Next pointDetermines, which is executed internal message with input of the next data point. The specified “command key” permits without explicit selection for “next point” directed additional nodes to produce for nodes + consumers or nodes + customers:

End nodes as new start nodes useThis option permits the continuous construction to a route. The end node of the pipe placed before becomes the new starting at the beginning of the next pipe. The sequential pipe construction is terminated by start new command or through printing of the RESET key.

Next point Effect Command key

Inflection point Creates an inflection pointNode Creates the end node CTRLConsumer Consumer creates the end node Ctrl+AltCustomer Creates the end node + customers Ctrl+Shift

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The menu “Drawing”Create Pipe

➤ In order to create a new pipe, carry out the following steps: 1. In the toolbox Network construction, select the function create pipe.

2. Click on the initial nodes for the pipe in the design.

3. Draw the pipe process. With each further click an inflection point for the process is inserted.

✍ By pressing the reset key (right mouse button) the inflexion point last set is removed.

✍ In the status line sisHYD shows the current pipe length in main coordinates and the x/y coordinate under the mouse cursor.

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The menu “Drawing”Create pump

8

4. Click on the desired end nodes to finish the construction of the pipe. If the mouse cursor is on a possible end node, it is highlighted.

✍ The pipe name is formed from the name of the initial and end node connected by a hyphen. If a network element of the same name already exists, SISHYD generates a unique pipe name.

W Special attention is appropriate with construction of asymmetrical networks. As soon as the marking field for the network positions where the pipe is created is switched off, the following pipe is also created at the given positions. sisHYD determines whether the pipe can be created at the desired positions according to the initial and end nodes. See configuration dialog “Pipes” on page 52.

Create pumpDesigns a pump by selection of at the beginning of and end nodes in the drawing.

ModeIn addition to the modes specified under common function settings (see “Mode” on page 126) the following possibilities are available for the pump construction:

Mode Effect

From the return to the advance

Creates the pump between advance and return, with start nodes in the return. In this mode is enough the selection nodes, in order to create the pump. In long-distance heating three-conductor networks must be selected as link nodes of the advance or KLB nodes.

From the advance to the return

Creates the pump between advance and return, with start nodes in the advance. In this mode is enough the selection nodes, in order to create the pump. In long-distance heating three-conductor networks must be selected as link nodes of the advance or KLB nodes.

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The menu “Drawing”Create valve

➤ In order to create a new pump, carry out the following steps: 1. In the toolbox Network construction, select the function create pump.

2. Click on the initial nodes of the pump.

3. Move the mouse cursor to the end node. The pump symbol is displayed under the mouse cursor.

4. Click on the end nodes of the pump.

See configuration dialog “Pumps” on page 60.

Create valveThe approach for constructing a valve is identical to the approach for constructing a pump.

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The menu “Drawing”Create valve

8

ModeIn addition to the modes specified under common function settings (see “Mode” on page 126) the following possibilities are available for the valve construction:

➤ In order to create a new valve, carry out the following steps: 1. Click on the initial nodes of the valve.

2. Click on the end nodes of the valve to complete the construction.

See configuration dialog “Valves” on page 57.

Mode Effect

From the return to the supply

Creates the valve between supply and return, with start nodes in the return. In this mode is enough the selection nodes, in order to create the valve. In long-distance heating three-conductor networks must be selected as link nodes of the advance or KLB nodes.

From the supply to the return

Creates the valve between advance and return, with start nodes in the advance. In this mode is enough the selection nodes, in order to create the valve. In long-distance heating three-conductor networks must be selected as link nodes of the supply or KLB nodes.

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The menu “Drawing”Create Supply

Create SupplyServes the construction of servicers including the network pumps in the station on the servicers pre and/or return page.

The common function adjustments are described under “Function adjustments” on page 122.

PumpTogether with a feeder the pumps in the station can be created. The following possibilities are available:

➤ In order to create a new feeder, you must carry out the following steps: 1. In the toolbox Network construction, select the function place a feeder.

2. Click on the nodes onto which the feeder is to be installed.

✍ For long-distance heating and remote cooling networks is the node is selectable only if it exists in advance and return or in the KLB and return. Otherwise a prohibition character is displayed. The tool hint describes the cause of the refusal. In long-distance heating three-conductor networks an advance or a KLB node must be selected, since the return node results automatically.

✍ With installation with pumps sisHYD the necessary nodes create between a feeders and pump. As node name the name the link nodes extended by the appendage „of the P is assigned”, if name is not already assigned.

See configuration dialogs “Feeder” on page 63 and “Pumps” on page 60.

Create consumer


Pump Effect

Without Creates an a feeder.With advance pump Creates an a feeder with advance pump.With return pump Creates an a feeder with return pump.With return advance and return Creates an a feeder with return advance and return.

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The menu “Drawing”Create customer

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➤ In order to create a new consumer, carry out the following steps: 1. In the toolbox Network construction, select the function create consumer.

2. Click on the desired consumer nodes and sisHYD creates a new consumer at this node.

✍ For the long-distance heating/remote cold weather is valid: a node is only selectable if it exists in flow and return and/or in KLB and return as a pair of nodes. If this symmetry condition is broken, a prohibition sign with a corresponding tooltip is displayed.

See configuration dialog “Consumer” on page 66.

Create customerWith the command customers are attached to a node.


✍ The customer possesses the data administration contrary to the consumer more input fields and is supported by import/export after Microsoft Excel. Customer data is combined automatically through sisHYD into consumers.

➤ In order to create a new customer, carry out the following steps: 1. In the toolbox Network construction, select the function customer.

2. Click on the nodes onto which the customer is to be installed.

✍ For the long-distance heating/remote cold weather is valid: a node is only selectable if it exists in flow and return and/or in KLB and return as a pair of nodes. If this symmetry condition is broken, a prohibition sign with a corresponding tooltip is displayed.

See configuration dialog “Customer” on page 70.

Create Profile pathsisHYD displays the progress of a size result of the full length along a path by the network in the profile-plot. The necessary paths are determined with this tool by selecting initial, (intermediate) and end nodes.

✍ The “create” button is activated as soon as a valid path is available.

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The menu “Drawing”Move network

➤ In order to create a new profile path, carry out the following steps: 1. In the toolbox Network editing, select the configuration data function create profile

path.

2. Click on the initial nodes of the path.

3. Click on the desired subnode(s) of the path. sisHYD automatically looks up the shortest way (regarding number of items) from the last node input to the selected node

4. Click on the button “Create” in the function settings to create the path with the desired name.

Move networkServes the shift of the entire network or if a fence is defined the shift of the objects within the fence to a new position.

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The menu “Drawing”Transform network

8

➤ In order to shift the network, you would drive through the following work procedures: 1. In the tool box “sisHYD transformation”, select the function shift network.

2. Select a point of origin in the output design with the data key.

3. Select the corresponding goal with the data key.

4. sisHYD displays the move parameters and asks the security question about the move.

✍ If a fence is set, the transformation only takes place for sisHYD objects within the fence.

Transform networkTransforms the entire network or the objects in the fence if a fence is defined. The transformation includes the scaling and rotation of the network (in mathematical terms it is a linear affine transformation according to Helmert).

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The menu “Drawing”Transform network

➤ In order to transform the network, you would drive through the following work procedures: 1. In the tool box “sisHYD transformation”, select the function transform network.

2. Select a point of origin in the output design with the data key.

3. Select the corresponding goal with the data key.

4. Repeat the steps 2 and 3, until you have inputted at least 3 pairs of points and cancel inputting points with the reset key.

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The menu “Drawing”Object process

8

5. sisHYD lists the pairs of points in the message window and asks whether the transformation with the given parameters is to take place.

Object processThis also enables you to access the technical data of a network element using the design. The tools can be used both in the network representation and in profile plots.

Indicate preferentiallyPermits the announcement of attached items, which are overlaid typically by the node.

➤ In order to access the configuration data of a network element, carry out the following steps: 1. In the toolbox Network editing, select the functionconfiguration data.

2. Click on the desired network element in the design and sisHYD opens the associated configuration dialog.

Move nodesServes to move individual nodes. To move the whole network or network areas, select “Move network” on page 131.

ModeDetermines like the connection nodes to be treated to be supposed:

Mode Effect

Pure shift The function limits to a pure shift of the selected node.Pipe split Placing on a pipe leads to the division of the pipe. CTRLNodes combine The moved nodes one resolves and one ties up the

items connected with it to the target node.Ctrl+Alt

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The menu “Drawing”Move inflexion point

Update pipe lengthCalculates the length of the shift pipes concerned again from the 3D process of the drawing.

➤ In order to move an node, carry out the following steps: 1. In the toolbox sisHYD modification, select the function “move nodes”.

2. Select the desired nodes with the data key.

3. Move the node to the desired new position and set the nodes in the new position with the data key.

Move inflexion pointServes to move inflexion points in pipes and/or to insert new inflexion points into pipes.

➤ In order to move an inflexion point, carry out the following steps: 1. In the toolbox Network modification, select the function “move inflexion point”.

2. Remove the marker from the field “automatically insert inflexion point” in the function settings in order to avoid inadvertently inserting inflexion points.

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The menu “Drawing”Delete inflexion point

8

3. Click on an existing inflexion point with the data key.

4. Move the mouse (with the inflexion point under the cursor) to the new position and click again with the data key.

5. By click of the RESET slot you abort the command.

Delete inflexion pointServes to remove inflexion points from pipe processes.

➤ In order to remove an inflexion point from a piping, carry out the following steps: 1. In the toolbox Network construction, select the function Delete inflexion point.

2. Click on the desired inflexion point - the inflexion point must be within the snap distance of the mouse, so that it is removed.

✍ When an inflexion points is deleted, the pipe length is not normally re-calculated by sisHYD. For the new calculation of the pipe length from the design, select the option in the function settings.

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The menu “Drawing”Join pipes

Join pipesServes to divide a pipe in the network sketch. A new node at the division position is inserted.

➤ In order to join pipes, carry out the following steps: 1. In the toolbox Network construction, select the function join pipes.

2. Click on the node, which interconnects the two pipes.

✍ The command permits excluding the selection of nodes, which with exactly 2 tubing watering gene in connection, whereby the pipes must possess the same pipe class.

Delete objectRemoves a network element from the design and deletes the associated data from the database.

Delete node connectionsMark this field, in order to delete all elements connected with the node, when it is deleted. If the node still has connections to elements, the deletion of the node is impossible.

Security questionMark this field in order to receive a security question before deleting an object with the tool.

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The menu “Drawing”Delete object

8

➤ In order to delete a network element, carry out the following steps: 1. In the toolbox Network construction, select the function delete.

2. Move the mouse over the desired network element.

3. Click with the data key, in order to delete the highlighted object.

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The menu “Drawing”Selections

SelectionsSelect all nodesAll nodes select into the active sisHYD selection.

Select all pipesSelects all pipings into the active sisHYD selection.

Select all pumps Selects all pumps into the active sisHYD selection.

Select all valves Selects all valves into the active sisHYD selection.

Select all feedersAll a feeders select into the active sisHYD selection.

Select all consumersAll consumers select into the active sisHYD selection.

Select all customersAll customers select into the active sisHYD selection.

Select all network objectsAll nodes select into the active sisHYD selection.

Select Objects from MicroStation Selection Set All nodes select into the active sisHYD selection.

Select Individual objectsA command starts for the selection of particulars from the diagram into the active sisHYD selection.

Open Dialog “Selection”All nodes select into the active sisHYD selection.

ToolboxesUsing the submenu “toolboxes”, you can access all sisHYD toolboxes.

Open toolboxesOpens all sisHYD toolboxes.

Close toolboxesCloses all sisHYD toolboxes.

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The menu “Drawing”Toolboxes > Results

8

Toolboxes > ResultsThe toolbox permits to quickly switch between existing calculation results for creating designs and profile representations. The result set here is displayed on the result tabs of the component dialogs.

CalculationThe drop-down list contains the names of all network calculations. The calculation result displayed here is used for the production of graphics. The controlling of the result display using the dialog masks is also done using this toolbox.The drop-down list displays the description of the calculation next to the name of the calculation.

W The sisHYD tooltip always displays the result represented by the graphic object. The tooltip title also shows the name of the associated calculation.

✍ When the dialog “static network calculation” is open, the the selection in this box automatically follows the selected calculation name.

Calculation timeFor unsteady state calculations the calculation time is selected here. The time lapsed since the start of the calculation is displayed. The drop-down list displays the full date next to the time elapsed since the start of the calculation.The field is greyed out if no time series are available. The condition is fulfilled without results for steady state and unsteady state calculations.

Time seriesStarts the command to select an object (node or pipe) for which a time series is to be created. The function is only available with unsteady state calculations. The time series is created subject to the selected object and the information found.

ViewSet here which view the time series is to be created in.Do not select an view in order to created a separate view group for the time series. Select one of the 8 views to assign the time series to a view in the “sisHYD” view group.

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The menu “Drawing”Toolboxes > Drawing Templates

Toolboxes > Drawing TemplatesThe toolbox enables designs to be produced quickly from templates and pre-defined details to be navigated within designs.

Drawing structure > Model allocationThe model allocation makes it possible to view different models in the current view group. When creating new models, by default a view group is created with which up to 8 views are available for a model.Using model allocation it is also possible to view different network representations, diagrams and time series at the same time.

The configuration box permits the free allocation of the views for 1-8 to one of the existing design models. The assigned view is opened and/or closed by clicking the representation column.

Task: Selection from the toolbox “Design structure”Allocation of models within the current view group Drawing structure > Model allocation (page 141)

Selection of a detail within a network sketch Design structure > Designated details (page 142)

Select design template select and edit templates Drawing structure > Design templates (page 143)

Displays the active template

Creates a design on the basis of the template (for the currently selected calculation result)

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Current view groupThe model allocation always refers to the current set view group (see Microstation documentation).

This toolbox is docked typically at the lower edge of the Microstation window and permits the creation and deleting of further user-defined view groups.

Design structure > Designated detailsThe navigator permits fast access to stored network details in the network representation and makes tools available to the create these details. This functionality shows its strength in particular with spatially expanded networks.

NewCreates a new designated detail.

DeleteDeletes the currently selected detail from the list.

SnapshotPhotographs the set view as a navigator background picture.

✍ It is best to use a snapshot of the entire network area as a navigator background. Typically a geo-referenced digital basic map is used for it. The sisHYD network sketch is best for the entire network area - ideally the basic map - you create these from the relevant network area.

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DetailList of the designated details which is also used to edit the detail names.

View 1-8View which the navigation/snapshot refers to.

Drawing structure > Design templatesSelect the design template to create network sketches using the toolbox.

ImportEnables the import of design templates from sisHYD 2005.

✍ The design templates of sisHYD V8i are stored centrally (and no longer) by project.

NewCreates a new template.

CopyCreates a copy of the currently selected template.

DeleteDeletes the currently selected template from the list.The list enables multiple templates to be selected for deletion.

PropertiesOpens the dialog mask for the configuration of the template. Here you select the graphic characteristics and text of the represented network objects.

CreateCreates a network sketch on the basis of the template selected here.

✍ The name of calculation with calculation time, as well as the name of the template form the name of the Microstation design model created. This compound name is part of the title viewport.

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Template list

Design template > PropertiesWith the Properties dialog you configure the graphical representation of the objects node and pipe. Text, color and line strength are specified for the objects.

Column Meaning

# Serial number of the templateName Name of the template. The test assigned here is a name

component of the model created (network sketch).Scale Scale in which the design is created.View View in which the network sketch is to be represented.

If one of the views 1-8 is set, the “sisHYD” view group is activated and the network sketch is represented in the selected view. Otherwise a new view group with the name of the network sketch is created and activated. In this new view group the network sketch is represented in all 8 views.

Basic mapSet the registered basic maps to the model after creating the graphic, when the field is marked.

Clash controlThe design is created with clash control when the field is marked, i.e. overlapping network nodes are suppressed and reduced for one “clean” graphic output.

LegendA legend is also created when the field is marked. By default, the legend is placed in the top right next to the network graphic.

AdvancedThe option is only effective in the category “long-distance heating”. In multi-leader networks, the diagram is extended by the asymmetrical objects of all network positions, when the field is marked. Thus wirings which are only on individual network positions become visible.

FilterOnly calculated objects are represented when the field is marked. If the field is marked, but no calculation result available, the design remains empty!

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TemplateAssign a name for the template here. The name should clearly differentiate tables from each other.

PositionFor systems with several leaders, the network position is specified here for creating graphics. Only the objects which belong to the selected network position are represented.

CategorySelect the type of object which is to be configured from the list. At present nodes and pipe are available. The selected object type specifies the possible settings in the configuration panel.

Use styleObjects without calculation results are shown with dashed lines in the graphic when the field is marked. Otherwise the representation uses full lines.

TextThe drop-down lists of the text display all characteristics attainable for an object. The properties are placed as text on the object in the displayed position.

✍ Contents of the lists vary depending on the type of network and medium.

ColorProperty which, along with the following table, determines the color of the object in the diagram. For long-distance heating multi-leader networks, the characteristics are limited to the network position set.

TableReference to a designated color chart, which can be selected over the opening unfold list. The opening unfold list displays only color charts, which fit the selected characteristic for the color. For unit-afflicted sizes only tables are displayed, which were created with the same unit category. Over the button “,” the configuration dialog for the color chart is opened.

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Line strengthProperty which, along with the following table, determines the line strength of the object in the diagram. For long-distance heating multi-leader networks, the characteristics are limited to the network position set.

TableReference to a designated line strength table, which can be selected over the opening unfold list. The opening unfold list displays only the line strength tables, which fit the selected characteristic for the line strength. For unit-afflicted sizes only tables are displayed, which were created with the same unit category.Over the button “,” the configuration dialog for the color chart is opened.

Configure attribute tablesUsing this dialog, “attribute tables”, which are referenced in design configurations, are created, edited and deleted.

NewCreates a new attribute table template in the selected context (color table or line strength table).

CopyCreates a copy of the selected table.

DeleteDeletes the currently selected table, if it is not being used by design templates.

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InsertInserts a new row into the attribute table. The row automatically receives an unused color/line strength.

✍ A new row is produced in the table by pressing the insert button.

RemoveRemoves the current series from the attribute table. For unit-afflicted tables more than two series must be available, so that this option is available. The last row is automatically maintained by the system and cannot also be removed.

✍ The selected row is removed from the table by pressing the erase button.

Attribute tableAll attribute tables possess the three columns attribute, operator, value. The table determines the allocation of colors/line strengths for the defined values or value intervals.

Dependant on the data type of the function value, which is to be transferred in a color/a line strength, the following table types are available.

Unit bound tables

Unit

Select from the drop down list the unit in which the numerical values of the table are represented.

Absolute value Compares the absolute value of the objective criterion with the table entry, in order to determine the color/line strength. Some the results with signs are proven, in order to indicate the direction of flow, like e.g. the rate.

Column Meaning

Attribute Displays the assigned color or line attribute.Operator “directly”; with unit-afflicted tables “smaller directly”Value The numerical value up to which the assigned attribute value is used.

The values must be entered in ascending order. The table defines an “open” interval.

Data type Table configuration

Floating point number

Unit bound tables (page 147) with additional options for setting the unit and whether the absolute value for the analysis is to be consulted.

IntegerEnumerating The table displays all members to enumerating. Insert and delete operation

omitted, the value is not capable for editing.Logical value Similar to enumerating for the values TRUE or FALSE.Character sequence

Text tables (page 148) offers additional possibilities to carry out the text comparison independently of upper/lower case and with wildcards.

Object reference

As value the complete list of well-known objects is available.

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The menu “Drawing”Tool boxes > sisHYD settings

8

Text tables

Ignore Upper/Lower caseIt determines whether the test comparison is to take place independently from upper and lower case.

ModeDetermines like the value one interprets “literally like the value one interprets. 3 modes are available:

Tool boxes > sisHYD settingsThe following functions can be activated using the toolbox:

Object infoDrop down list for setting the desired object information for the info tool:

Bubble

The object information refers to the object in the snap distance of the cursor.

Mode Mode of operation

Literally Complete text agreementWildscards The comparison text may do the two wildcard characters * and?

contain in any combination/number. Is? for exactly any character, * of none to as many as desired characters.Example: The value *0? KMR* applies to the following character sequences:DN100-KMRDN1000KMR0aKMR

Regular printout A regular printout supported by the .NET Framework. Hereby complicated patterns can be created.

Menu entry Meaning

Object Shows the name of the highlighted network objectResults Displays the names and the results of the highlighted network object

and associated calculation

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The menu “Drawing”Tool boxes > sisHYD settings

✍ Use this feature to access object information using the graphic, without having to open associated technical data dialog.

TasksSwitches the MicroStation task navigation on/off.

Object trackingStatus indication for object tracking, with which object tracking is switched on/off. When switching off the emphasis is removed automatically from the diagram.The emphasis of objects always takes place in the model of the active view.The settings for object tracking are reached using the arrow of the drop down element:

Always Center in ViewIf this field is marked, each object is represented in the center of the view, so the design detail of a view is moved. Otherwise sisHYD on switches the detail of the view if the object lies outside of the detail.If more than one object is involved in the emphasis, the centroid all objects of the enclosing rectangle is centered.

Color 1, Weight1 The general color or line strength for emphases determines.

Color 2, Weight 2In the case of emphasis of several objects special objects with the additional color/line strength are marked. This option comes with selections and profile plots to carrying.

✍ Object tracking works hand in hand with the sisHYD dialog system. If object tracking is activated, each data set selection of network objects leads to the marking of the objects in the diagram. That is valid similarly for selections and profile plots. See “Selections” on page 150 and “Profile plot” on page 152.

Display basic mapsSwitches the view of the basic maps on or off.

The basic map appendix is not deleted from the design file, only the display is switched on or off. The menu option is only selectable if a basic map is present for the active model:

File > Map > Attach

See “Set basic map” on page 204.

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The menu “Drawing”Toolboxes > Search

8

Switch to read-only modeStatus display for the read-only mode, which can be used to switch between read-only mode and the regular write mode. See “Read-only mode” on page 39.

Symbol for write protection on the dialog masks in the menu “components”, “regulation” and “network calculation”.

Symbol for unrestricted access and data change.

Toolboxes > SearchThe toolbox enables to search for a network object using its name in the graphic. If the object exists in the network, the position in the graphic is marked with a circle.

NameName of the network object which is to be located in the diagram.

SearchStarts the object search in the network and highlights it in the diagram, if found. The highlighting takes place in the view and with the settings of the Object tracking (page 149).

SelectionsDialog mask to display selections. Selections are a container for sisHYD objects.

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The menu “Drawing”Selections

Menu > SelectionProvides a number of selections replacing the current list with the objects mat-ching the described criterion.

Menu > ActionProvides a number of predefined actions operating on the listed items exclusively. The action is restricted to object types in scope of the operation.

✍ E.g.: the update of pipe length will take all pipes of the selection into account but ignore any nodes or consumer.

NameThe name of the selection.

Type2 types of selections, the user-defined selection and the selection of profile paths exist. The respective type of selection is displayed and cannot not be changed.User-defined selections may take up any sisHYD objects, while selections for profile paths contain excluding nodes, which determine the way process by the network.

Critical pathThis option is available only for selections of the type “Profilplad”. With selection of the option the path extends automatically of the calculation adjusted by the last node on the list for the “critical node”.

✍ The critical node distinguishes by the fact that the difference between necessary difference of pressure and actually available difference of pressure over the consumer is minimum.

(8.15)

W This means that the node with the smallest difference of pressure does not have to be mandatory the critical node. Usually this condition ismet when all consumergroups request the same minimal differenential pressure.

New

Removes all selected objects from the list.

Delete

Removes the currently selected entries from the list.

Invert

Inverts the selection in the list.

ΔpDifference ΔpConsumer ΔpMin,Consumergroup–=

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The menu “Drawing”Profile plot

8

Previous object indicate


Selected object indicate


Next object indicate


Union

Inserts the objects in the fence to the selection list.

Difference

Removes all objects which are also in the fence from the selection list.

Intersection

Keeps only the objects which are also in the fence in the selection list.

List of the objectsLists all objects of the selection. The objects are provided with a serial number. For easier identification in the second column the appropriate object symbol is drawing. The list supports the multiple choice of objects.User-defined selections can be sorted over all columns. For profile paths the assortment is not available.

✍ The object dialog is opened by double clicking on a row.

Objects can be moved within the list by drag & drop.

DescriptionHere 500 characters are available to comment on the selection. For generated selections sisHYD independently creates the comment and refers to the origin of the selection.

Profile plotOpens the dialog box for the configuration and creation of profile plots.

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In profile plot a calculated size along a path in the network is plotted against the stretched length. Partial paths are captured with the configuration dialog and the axes and diagram layout are configured. The result is then for example the following profile-plot.

In a preparatory step, paths in the network are created with the path selection tool. A profile plot is then composed of these paths (path parts).

NameThe name of the profile plot.

Create plotThe profile plot is created by clicking on the button. The diagram is fitted into the desired design view after completion of the design, the potentially open view is brought to the front.

ViewSelect the view in which the diagram is to be represented. In order to create your own view group, do not assign an view number.

Type of diagramFor the profile plot the following diagram types are available:

Type of diagram Intended purpose Section

Node resultPressure diagram Represents the long-distance heating pressure diagram.

This representational form is also the most complicated. As functions, the hydraulic pressure, the height profile and the steam pressure characteristic are drawn at the same time. The pressure at rest line can also be drawn in.See also “Pressure charts” on page 231.

F

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Pressure Representation of the pressure over the distance. Depending upon settings in the network data, absolute or manometric pressure is recorded

FGW

Hydr. pressure. Representation of the hydraulic pressure over the path distances.

FW

Temperature Representation of the node temperatures over the path distances.

F

Difference of pressure

Representation of the difference of pressure between VL/RL (and KLB/RL in three-leader networks) over the path distances.

Temperature Representation of the temperature difference between VL/RL (and KLB/RL in three-leader networks) over the path distances.

F

Height Representation of the area profile over the path distances.Supply time Representation of the supply time over the path distances.

For this evaluation the appropriate switch must be set in the network calculation.

FW

Heat loss Representation of the heat loss of pipes over the path distances.

F

Spec. heat loss Representation of the heat loss of pipes over the path distances.

F

Element resultSpeed Representation of the speed in pipings over the path distances.Spec. pressure loss Representation of the spec. pressure loss of pipings over the

path distance.For other object types (pump, valve,…) the value 0 is recorded.

Inside diameter Representation of the piping inside diameter over the path distances.For other object types (pump, valve,…) the value 0 is recorded.

Mass flow Representation of the mass flow over the path distances

Type of diagram Intended purpose Section

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The menu “Drawing”“Paths” Tab

“Paths” Tab

Paths in the diagramThe list displays all paths which the profile plot is made up of. The single paths listed here are linked to each other. The interconnect point is always a supporting node in the selections.

✍ All paths displayed in the diagram were previously selected and named with the path selection tool in the diagram.

In the column “Selection”, the names of the paths which the diagram is made up of are specified.In the column “Direction” the orientation of the individual path in the diagram concerning the axis length is specified. The path is drawn from the interconnect point in positive direction, if the blue arrow points to the right . The path is drawn from the interconnect point in negative direction, if the red arrow points to the left . By double clicking in the column, the orientation changes.

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The menu “Drawing”“Paths” Tab

8

The text axis on which the node names of the paths are given is named in the column “Text”.In the column selection, the symbol displayed gives information about the condition the path in the network. The symbols have the following meaning:

✍ The first path in the list is always the main path which the length coordinate 0 begins with. All further paths are connecting paths to this main path. Figuratively it is similar to a growing tree, which can be branched freely.

<Transfers the selected path selection from the list transfers “connecting paths” to the list “paths in the diagram”. When it is transferred, the connecting path is connected to the named connecting nodes in the path selection in “paths in the diagram”.

>Removes a path selection from the list “paths in the diagram”.

W All paths attached to this path selection are also removed.

Connecting pathsList of the path selections, which have a common connecting node with the selected path from the path list (left list). The name of the connecting node is stated in the second column.

Symbol Meaning

The path was found in the network and is represented in the diagram. This symbol also appears, if no results were calculated but that path exists in principle.

The path from the initial to the end node over the subnodes was not formed and the path is not represented. Possible causes:• The path is locked and is not available for current calculation.• The path is no longer valid because less than 2 nodes are present.• The path was interrupted by constructional changes.The path is not formed because the parent path is invalid. The path is not represented.

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The menu “Drawing”“Functions” Tab

“Functions” Tab

Functions in the diagramThe list shows all functions representable for the type of diagram. The function range depends on the number of leaders for the category “long-distance heating”.

FunctionsThe long name of the function is displayed in this column of the list.

ShowBy double clicking in the cell, the functions status is switched between Display and Ignore. When the function is activated there is a check mark in the column.

StyleName of the line style used for the function representation. One of the pre-defined styles can be selected by clicking in the column.

✍ In the next versions of sisHYD your own styles can be defined.

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The menu “Drawing”“Axes” Tab

8

“Axes” TabUsing the tab “Axes”, all properties of axes can be set.

Axes in the diagramThe possible axes of a diagram are specified in this list - column “name”. In the column “Show” a check is shown if the axis is drawn in the diagram. The axis can be switched from Show to Hide by double clicking in the column. Different axes have been defined for different diagram forms. For each of these diagram forms 1 or several x and y axes exist.The following axes were defined:

Axis name Meaning

Stretched length Numeric axle with the length scale for the profile-plot. Node name-? Text axes for representing node names along the paths.

The min-max value of these axes is not adjustable and is transferred from the axis stretched length.

Pressure height Numerical axis on which the positive pressure of a node over terrain height, converted to height, is represented.The conversion takes place with the material data of the node, i.e. at local pressure and temperature.

Hydraulic pressure (abs)

Is the absolute pressure at a node is plus the pressure due to terrain height related to 0 m. Terrain height is converted to an equivalent pressure height using average density. A density value of 970 kg/m³ is preset

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Axis attributesThe properties of the axes are different for numerical and text axes. The following list shows first the properties of the numerical axes. Following that, the differences from text axes are described.In principle it is valid that fields without entry are automatically filled by sisHYD. The sisHYD automatism can be controlled with entries.

Pressure at rest height

Is established from the information about the pressure maintenance from the network calculation and is the pressure height at the pressure maintenance node.During average pressure maintenance, the pressure heights of the two pressure maintenance nodes are weighted according to the average pressure factor.

Temperature For the application of the node temperature.Speed For the application of flow speeds in pipings.Mass flow For the application of the mass flow.

Property Meaning

RangeMinimum The minimum value of the axis.Maximum The maximum value of the axis.Main interval Distance between marked main scaling lines. The numerical value

must be greater than 0 and a multiple of the fine division.Auxiliary interval Distance of the short scaling lines from each other. The numerical

value must be greater than 0.Formatting Names the number of decimal points for the text of the main division.StylesAxis line Line style for the axis line.Main interval Style for the scaling line of the main division.Auxiliary interval Style for the scaling line of the fine division.Main grid network Style for the grid line within the diagram surface which represents an

extension of the long scaling line - main division.Auxiliary grid network Style for the grid line within the diagram surface, which represents

an extension of the short scaling line - fine division.Text Text style for the text of the main scaling line.Axis title Text style for the title of the axis.

Axis name Meaning

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Dimensions/lengthsLength Main interval line

Length of the scaling line with which the main interval is marked on the axis.

Length Auxiliary interval line

Length of the scaling line with which the auxiliary interval is marked on the axis.

Distance previous axis

Distance to the previous axis (if available).

Distance Text

Distance between axis line and the text for the main interval.

Distance axis title Distance of the axis title from the maximum value of the axis.RepresentationAxis reflect Axis is drawn at the opposite edge of the axis framework.

Axis line Draw axis line. This attribute is mostly set to “no” for text axes.Text Main interval

Switches the output of text on the main division on or off.

Axis title Draw/hide the axis designation.Main interval line Draw/hide the scaling lines for the main interval.Auxiliary interval line Draw/hide the scaling lines for the auxiliary interval.Main grid network Draw/hide the auxiliary grid network aligned at the main interval line.Auxiliary grid network Draw/hide the auxiliary grid network aligned at the auxiliary interval line.

Property Meaning

normal representation

reflected representation

1 2

1 2

Mirror axis dividesthe axes-range (red)

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The menu “Drawing”“Layout” Tab

“Layout” Tab

Horizontal/vertical measurement

Absolute widthThe absolute width of the horizontal and/or vertical measurement is entered to that of the diagram here. The pure length of abscissa and/or ordinates without text are to be considered.

Scale toUnlike the absolute indication, the application can take place scaled to an axis in the diagram. The absolute height results thereby subject to the minimum and maximum value on the axis.

FactorInformation such as how many [mm] should assigned to a corresponding difference of size on the axis is required for scaled application. sisHYD calculates from it the necessary scale factor.

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Legend position

OriginSpecifies the point of reference for the x-position and y-position values. The possible points of reference are the 4 corner points of the internal diagram surface - below left is the intersection of abscissa and ordinate.

x-positionSpecifies the horizontal offset of the legend relative to the origin. Negative values move the legend to the left.

y-positionSpecifies the vertical offset of the legend relative to the origin. Negative information moves the legend upwards.

Draw legendSpecifies whether the legend is drawn or ignored.

mm grid network

Create grid networkSpecifies whether a grid network is drawn into the diagram. The grid network always refers to the axes displayed under “scale to”.

✍ This option is only useful if a scaled application of the x and y axis is being worked with and the diagram has to be printed.

Synchronize length coordinateThe calculated path distances in flow, return (and KLB leaders) may differ. In this case, identical node positions are drawn in in the network at different positions on the length axis in the profile plot.When this option is selected, sisHYD synchronizes the positions with one another.

✍ For multi-leader systems of long-distance heating, paths in flow, return (and KLB leaders) are calculated. The selection of the path selection takes place however for exactly one of the possible leaders. sisHYD calculates the parallel paths in the further leaders. During this path calculation the actual pipe lengths are summed. Thus a different length coordinate can result for the node K1 in flow than for the node K1 in return.

A further reason for different lengths are asymmetries in the network - e.g. installation of an pressure increase station in the return. sisHYD tries to bridge the unbalance by limited search with an alternative route. In this case the probability of different route distances is very high.

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Length compensation

In the constellation illustrated a distance of 2m is calculated for flow (red) and a length of 3m for the return (blue). The synchronisation works in such a way that it is balanced linearly within the section (turquoise). Therefore for the node K3 the result is:

The pump has a length of 0m, thus the coordinate of K4R is identical to the coordinates of K3R.

Search depth for bypassesThe search depth for the calculation of alternative routes is limited in order to receive only meaningful bypasses. The numerical value entered here specifies how like many corners the search may result in.For the example in the previous illustration, the search depth must be set to 3, so that the alternate route from node K1R via the pump to the node K2R is permitted.

Flow

Return

2m

1.5m 1.5m

K2VK1V

K3R K4R

K2RK1R

P

LengthK1VK1R K3R/K4R

K2V K2R

K3R,interpolated K3R2m3m--------⋅ 1 5m, 2

3---⋅ 1m= = =

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8

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9 The menu “Settings”All system settings, valid for all categories, are found in the settings menu. This includes setting and converting units which the dialog system works, configuring an attached digitizing board and setting default dataset abbreviations to generate new dataset names.

Unit groupsThe units for data input and presentation of results in graphics and reports is set centrally using this dialog mask.

W The system configuration requires that all sisHYD dialogs are closed. The configuration affects all projects.

Task: Selection from the menu “Settings”:

Units Unit groups (page 165)

Set prefixes for generated dataset names Dataset abbreviation (page 166)

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The menu “Settings”Dataset abbreviation

9

List of the unit groupsThe names of all unit groups are listed here. For each group the unit and formatting can be set. Optionally a minimum and a maximum value can be set for input fields - so that plausibility can be checked during input.

OKEnds the dialog and transfers the changes to the overall configuration file.

CancelEnds the dialog and rejects the changes made.

Dataset abbreviationWith this settings box you set name prefixes for the generated dataset names.

PrefixEnter the prefix here that is to be placed before a generated name.

W Use short prefixes wherever possible from one to two letters; numbers are possible, but there is the danger of a clash of names during progressive input.Example: The prefix 1 leads to a name clash with the name of the first dataset formed of the prefix and the serial number of the dataset, 11, when the 11th dataset is generated.

✍ For this reason, (as a rule of thumb) the prefix should be always changed when renaming generated dataset names. Then names clashes are impossible.

FormatDetermines whether and how many zeros of the assigned record number are pre-set.

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10 The menu “Windows”The window menu is identical to the Microstation menu of the same name. Here functions for direct access to dialog masks and their ordering are stored. Additionally control functions for opening and closing design views are stored here.

Open/close > DialogThe tool box opens “view groups”.

Open/close > <view number>Opens and/or closes views. The entries in the submenu are the numbers of the corresponding views. A filled marker field means that the corresponding view is open.In order to open or close a view, select the corresponding view number from the submenu.

✍ You can also close a view also by double clicking on the “close” button in the top left hand corner of the window.

OverlappingArranges the viewports overlapping.

Task: Selection from the menu “Windows”:

Show dialog mask for opening/closing views Open/close > Dialog (page 167)

Open/close a view directly Open/close > <view number> (page 167)

Show all open viewports overlapping Overlapping (page 167)

Arrange view windows next to each other Next to each other (page 168)

Use full Microstation window with viewport Arrange (page 168)

Displays the control members in the view window View tool box (page 168)

Switch scrollbars on/off Scrollbars (page 168)

Bring open windows to the front Dynamic entries 1-9 (page 168)

Brings a window to the front that is not being run in the window menu

Further windows (page 168)

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The menu “Windows”Next to each other

10

Next to each otherArranges the viewports next to each other.

ArrangeArranges the viewports arrange so that the entire Microstation window is filled with the views.

ScrollbarsBy selecting this menu entry, you switch the scrollbars in the viewports on or off. The function symbols for controlling the view are also located in the scrollbars. These symbols are also affected by the function.

View tool boxSwitches the display on control elements for viewing in the view window on/off.

Dynamic entries 1-9All opened dialog masks are added dynamically to the end of the window menu. By selecting a window in the menu, the selected window is brought to the front and receives the input focus.

Further windowsIf more than 9 windows are open at the same time, the menu gains an entry “more windows…”. By selecting the entry, a dialog mask with a list of all windows is opened. Select the desired window from the list and confirm with OK to bring the window to the front.

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11 sisHYD menuThe sisHYD menu is a self-contained a application which is responsible for the integration of sisHYD into the Microstation menu.

sisHYDsisHYD projects are created and started using the menu. The menu also provides access to administrative tools without needing to start the sisHYD application.

New project.Starts the sisHYD project assistant for creating new projects.See “Start new project” on page185.

Project administration.Start sisHYD with “Open project” dialog.See “Open project” on page27.

Recently openedSelecting a project from the list opens the project in sisHYD. If another project is active at the time of the selection, it is first closed.The menu is is a dynamic list of the user’s last 10 projects. The project last selected is at the top of the list. New projects automatically displace projects at the end of the list.

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sisHYD menuAll project folders

11

All project foldersDynamically creates a menu from the configured project folders, from which sisHYD projects can be opened. Navigation takes place in a similar way to the project tree in the project manager.

Example projectsPermits the access on with sisHYD delivered project examples. The projects in a zipped form are part of the installation and are copied into the data directory by selecting the menu point “install/update”.

Printing preparation

ToolboxOpens the printPrep toolbox for fast access to templates for plot.

Edit templatesOpens the design library of the templates for editing.

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sisHYD menuOracle

OracleTools to use with an Oracle database.

Database first set-upOpens a dialog to install the sisHYD database administration on the database server using SQLPLUS.

DatabaseDatabase alias. For a local database instance the field can remain empty.

SYS passwordPassword for the SYS account.

✍ The SYS password is not necessary with a local database if the user has administration rights.

Temporary table spaceName of the temporary table space.

Default table spaceName of the standard table space.

CheckChecks whether the sisHYD administration script is installed, by logging in as user sishyd_admin and determining the script version number.

InstallInstalls (reinstalls) the sisHYD administrations script.

EndEnds the application.

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sisHYD menuOracle

11

Connection testStarts a test program that checks connectivity to the Oracle database.

Ideally the the sisHYD administration script is already installed on the database so that the user “sishyd_admin” exists. Otherwise the user name and password of an existing user must be entered for the test.

✍ To operate sisHYD with database file instead of Oracle, the connection test is not necessary.

Start testsCreates a connection to the database using the database providers Microsoft MSDAORA and OracleOLEDB.Oracle. If the connection is successful, the version of the database software is listed, otherwise an error message.

ProvidersLists the OLEDB providers found on the computer. The provider “OraOLEDB.Oracle” must be listed here!

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sisHYD menuOracle

Convert projectsStarts the converter to convert of “sisHYD projects with data retention under Oracle”.The converter is responsible for the conversion of “sisHYD projects with data retention under Oracle” to “sisHYD projects with database file”.

If the converter is started in the sis program menu, it automatically begins the search for sisHYD projects in the configured directories (paths in the Microstation environment variable sishyd_projects_dirs).If the converter from one is started in a sisHYD project, only that project is closed and only that project suggested for conversion.

Add projects

Permits the selection of a folder which is scanned for sisHYD projects. The search can be terminated by clicking on “cancel”. Found projects are listed and selected (released for conversion).

Delete selection list

Empties the list of the sisHYD projects found.

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sisHYD menuSupport meeting

11

ConvertStarts the conversion for the selected projects.

• Only the projects which are selected in the project list are converted.

• Projects with outdated database schema are first saved with Oracle export before the Oracle database schema is updated. Finally they are migrated.

• The progress of the conversion work is documented in the message range and any problems are announced.

• When a project migration is complete, sisHYD archives are created which can be read by previous versions.

• If a project is successfully converted, it is removed from the list.

• The conversion can be terminated by clicking on the “cancel” button.

CancelButton to cancel of a started background process (search, conversion).

Support meetingClick here to participate in a support meeting within your software support for sisHYD.The support team will start the session and will offer you telephone support. During the meeting support has has access to your desktop or an application - the access is transparent and under your complete control.

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sisHYD menuLicense management.

License management.Starts Bentley license manager. As soon as the software is activated, the list displays the products available. Here the sisHYD variable licensed by you should be listed. In the example shown, 2 sisHYD licenses are listed. A license for sisHYD gas for max. 10,000 pipes and a license for sisHYD long-distance heating/gas/water for max. 10,000 pipes.

By means of the menu option “Extras”, reach you the product activation assistant which you use to activate the licensed program product by logging into the license server.

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sisHYD menusisHYD License Manager

11

sisHYD License ManagerStarts the sisHYD license manager.

The sisHYD license manager is only necessary if you want to administer different licenses regarding category and number of lines. The manager enables the targeted selection of a license for a computer/user. When starting sisHYD the preset license is used.

✍ The set license is stored in the computer user registry. The sisHYD splash screen displays the information on the preset license.

✍ If only one license entry is present, it is found automatically by sisHYD and registered as default.

UpdateUpdates the list.

Select as defaultThe license selected in the list is set as default for the user logged in on the local computer.

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12 The menu “Help”Entries from the menu provide you with help in operating the program. They access the sisHYD on-line documentation and so receive information quickly on questions arising.

ContentsOpens the help dialog and displays the table of contents.

Task: Selection from the menu “Help”:

Displays the table of contents of the on-line documentation Contents (page 177)

Opens a search mask to search for help topics for a term Search (page 178)

Displays the help page that shows how help works Index (page 179)

Displays the ReadMe file ReadMe (page 178)

Switch help tooltip on or off Help tooltip (page 179)

Product information dialog about sisHYD, hotline service and Internet sites

About sisHYD (page 180)

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The menu “Help”Search

12

SearchOpens the search mask of the help application. The search mask enables keywords to be input which are then searched for in the entire on-line document.

ReadMe

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The menu “Help”Index

IndexOpens the on-line help with the help index.

Help tooltipSwitches the help tooltip on or off. These help texts appear on most dialog elements, when the cursor hovers over the dialog element for a moment.

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The menu “Help”About sisHYD

12

About sisHYDShows general product information shows about sisHYD with the current version number of the installed program and the expiry date of the license.

CloseCloses the mask.

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13 Assistant/Operational sequencesThe manual section “assistants - operational sequences” describes the assistants made available by sisHYD, with which more complex settings on the system can also be queried in a simple way and securely set.

The following table shows the assistants used by sisHYD for certain tasks:

Task: Also edited with:

Work led by assistant

Switch project Convert projects (page 182)

Start new project Start new project (page 185)

Import a previously saved version of the database Import sisHYD archives (page 190)

Import a previous version of the sisHYD database saved with Oracle export

sisHYD Oracle import (page 193)

Export the current version of the database for safeguarding purposes

Archive sisHYD data volume (page 200)

Export the current version of the database for safeguarding purposes in the Oracle exchange format

Export sisHYD Oracle (page 202)

Add background maps (vector graphics) Set basic map (page 204)

Delete customer data and the associated generated consumers

Delete customers (page 207)

Import customer data from Excel into the data volume or update the consumer data with Excel information.

Import/update customers from Excel (page 208)

Transfer piping class information for pipes from the results of a design calculation

Adopt designed pipes (page 213)

Examine length of pipes and correct if necessary Update pipe lengths (page 211)

Special tasks

Create a profile plot Create profile plot (page 215)

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Assistant/Operational sequencesOpen a sisHYD project

13

Convert projects

Open a sisHYD projectIf a sisHYD project is opened with data storage in Oracle, sisHYD offers to automatically convert the project.

If the question is answered with “no”, the project opens as before and uses Oracle for the data storage. The question is not asked again for this project.If the question is answered with “yes”, the project is transferred to the project converter for conversion.

Project converterThe following converter exists For the conversion of “sisHYD projects with data retention under Oracle” to “sisHYD projects with database file”.

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Assistant/Operational sequencesProject converter

If the converter is started from a sisHYD project (File > Convert project), only that project is closed and only that project suggested for conversion.If the converter is started using the sis programs menu (Oracle > Convert projects), it automatically begins searching for sisHYD projects in the configured directories.

✍ The paths are defined by the Microstation variable sishyd_projects_dirs.

Add projects

Permits the selection of a folder which is scanned for sisHYD projects. The search can be terminated by clicking on “cancel”. Found projects are listed and selected (released for conversion).

Delete selection list

Empties the list of the sisHYD projects found.

ConvertStarts the conversion for the selected projects. The conversion takes places as follows:

• Only the projects which are selected in the project list are converted.

• Projects with outdated database schema are first saved with Oracle export before the Oracle database schema is updated. Finally they are migrated.

• The progress of the conversion work is documented in the message range and any problems are announced.

• When a project migration is finished, sisHYD archives are created which can be read by previous sisHYD versions.

• If a project is successfully converted, it is removed from the list.

• The conversion can be terminated by clicking on the “cancel” button.

If errors arise during the conversion, the project remains intact and continues to use Oracle data storage - identifiable by the text [ORACLE] in the title bar of the application window.

CancelButton to terminate process started in the background background (search, conversion).

Further remarksThe Oracle data are not changed by the conversion, i.e. if unexpected errors should arise, the raw data is still available.

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Assistant/Operational sequencesEdit project

13

Edit projectWhen an sisHYD project is opened, a local copy of the database file is created. The copy is copied back into the project folder when the project is closed.When a project is opened, sisHYD creates a check file in the project folder, in which a session number, the login name of the user and the computer name are saved. During the project session, no other user can access the project as long as the file is in use.

✍ The software works faster on the local database copy.

✍ The database file is located in the project directory under the name sishyd.sdb. The copy is stored on the local PC under “local application data” in the sub folder Bentley\sishyd\\{SessionID} and the copy is used. When the project is closed normally.

W This does not apply to projects with Oracle data storage.

Continuation after program crashIf the program crashes, the interrupted session is suggested the next time you choose “Open project”.

Select “yes” in order to continue the interrupted session. Thus you keep changes which made you before the crash.Select “no” to reject the last session’s changes.Select “cancel” if you do not want to open the project.

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Assistant/Operational sequencesCopy, save, pass on projects

Copy, save, pass on projectsThe sisHYD project folder now contains all sisHYD data and can be copied with Windows Explorer.

W This does not apply to projects with Oracle data storage.

Start new projectsisHYD keeps all information and data which belong to a hydraulic network calculation together in the form of a project. The storage takes place in the so-called project directory and its subdirectories.

➤ A project consists of the following components: 1. Configuration files with the project settings and user settings for the project

2. Design file with the supervision of the network

3. Input and output files of network calculation

4. Reports for the evaluation of the data volume and of network calculations

Select project directory✍ The selection of the project directory begins with the assistant at the basis of sisHYD

projects:

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Create a new subdirectory by entering the desired directory name pressing the OK button to confirm.

If the project already exists and should be overwritten, a security question is asked, which must be confirmed with yes.

The selection of the project directory is now complete. Press “continue”, so that the assistant continues to the next step.If there is already a sisHYD project in the selected directory that is another user has open, the assistant does not allow it to be overwritten.

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Set categorySpecify which category the project is to be set up for. sisHYD makes a user interface available dependent on the category selected.

Remote heating networkPrepares the network and the sisHYD sisHYD user interface to edit of long-distance heating networks.

Type of networkSpecifies the number of leaders in the network. The selection between one, two and three-leader networks is possible

MediumHere the remote heating medium is set. The selection is between “hot water” and “steam”.

Remote coolingPrepares the network and the sisHYD user interface for the editing of remote cooling networks.

Gas network, compressible mediumPrepares the network and the sisHYD user interface for the editing of compressible media.

Water networkPrepares the network and the sisHYD user interface for the editing of potable water supply systems.

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Project informationA project contains various pieces information in the settings. The information on the project identification, the project title and the description can already be assigned you when create the project.

✍ To change further properties, see “Open project” on page 27.

W Almost any entries are allowed as text. The use of the # character is not possible (commentary symbols in configuration files in which this information is stored).

IdentificationFor identifying the project with any text.

TitleIs the project title which is displayed in the title bar of the Microstation main window.

DescriptionServes to describe the project with additional key words.

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Settings…

In this step the assistant presents a summary of the settings before the project creating is completed.

Create project

On this page you follow the steps of the creation process. The “Finish” button finishing can be activated as soon as the creation process is complete. If errors arise during the process, the “cancel” button is activated in order to leave the assistant.

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Import sisHYD archivesThe import assistant leads through the possibilities of the sisHYD import.

Select import file

Import fileDisplays the name of the selected import file. The Continue button is only active if the selected file is a valid import archive. Otherwise the Continue button remains inactive.

✍ sisHYD examines archives contents for the file “archivInfo” from which the comment (if available) is also extracted and displayed.

CommentDisplays the comment which was previously entered in the selected import file when the project was saved.

ContinueContinue to the page on import range settings.

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Specify import rangeThe import file does not have to be completely imported by any means. It is possible to transfer the data selectively.

sisHYD grades the import range into 3 stages. With each stage less information from the import file is imported.

Entire data volumeImports all information from the import file. If the file also contains result data, the result data are also imported.

✍ If the import file contains a data volume without results, this point is equivalent to “data volume without results”.

Data volume without resultsImports the configuration, network and calculation data, but no results.

Only template data, no network objectsOnly imports the pipe classes, pump and valve types, consumer and organization groups, material values and additional resistances.

✍ With this kind of import the category must be set again. The result of the import is an almost empty project in which only the template data, which always stay the same, are present. This kind of import is selected typically after creation of a new project and saves the input of the template data.

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Delete data volume

Displays the progress of the deletion of the current data volume.

Import projectDisplays the progress of the import of the saved project data. If the project comes from an older version of sisHYD, the data are checked following the import and converted for the current version.

FinishInforms sisHYD of the successful import of a project.

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Assistant/Operational sequencessisHYD Oracle import

sisHYD Oracle import

Select import file

Import fileHere the path and the name of the import file are set. sisHYD automatically selects the youngest *.prj file which is saved in the current sisHYD project directory.

ContinueThe Continue button is only activated if the selected file is an Oracle dump.

Specify range of the importThe import file does not have to be completely imported by any means. It is possible to transfer the data selectively.

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sisHYD grades the import range into 3 stages. With each stage less information from the import file is imported.

Data volume (without results)Imports the configuration, network and calculation data.

Only template data, no network objectsOnly imports the pipe classes, pump and valve types, consumer and organization groups, material values and additional resistances.

✍ With this kind of import the category must be set again. The result of the import is an almost empty project in which only the template data, which always stay the same, are present. This kind of import is selected typically after creation of a new project and saves the input of the template data.

Delete data volumeThe assistant must remove current data contents from the project before the import. The progress of the clearing up action can be followed here.

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Importing file

Oracle import startedThe assistant starts the Oracle import tool. After the start the actual data import by Oracle can be seen, as the process is activated on the Windows taskbar.

Oracle import terminatedShows that the import of the data by Oracle is complete.

Check and update data volumeDepending on the project version of the import file and the import range, sisHYD implements examinations and conversions and/or uses standard settings. The completion display displays the progress of these steps.

FinishInforms sisHYD of the successful import of a project.

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Assistant/Operational sequencesCombine projects

13

Combine projectsThe assistant enables the transfer of whole projects or project components possible from an existing sisHYD project.

Select project

Project folderSelect a previously saved snapshot file here, from which the project data are to be imported.

PostfixThe postfix is an abbreviation that is added to all data set names in case of a conflict.

✍ The postfix should be selected in such a way that name clashes can be safely resolved after combining. If this is not successful, sisHYD cancels combination process with an error message explaining this. The selected postfix also facilitates the identification of objects after the import.

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Settings for the import

Entire networkBy selecting this option, all network objects and template data are transferred.

Template dataIf no network objects are to be imported, the assistant offers the possibility to only adopt the template data. The designated data are available as template data.

Import progressHere the assistant displays the progress of the import preparations.

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Read projectIn the first step the selected source project is read. Only if the source project is error free (warnings are permitted) is combination possible.

Combine projectIn the second step the read data are added to the active project and events logged during the process in a file.

Combining the data works like this:The network of the active project is understood as the target network. By source network the network which was formed from the data of selected project files is understood. In this process the source network is a data copy independent of the original data, i.e. changes made here do not affect the original project.During the combination of the data the following rules apply:

1. Nodes, elements and customers are transferred from the source project to the target project, as long as the object names are unique. If an object with the same name is found in the source and target network, the object in the source project is given a new name by adding the postfix. If this new name is not unique, the process cannot be continued.

2. Referenced types - these include zones, pipe classes, pump types, valve types, special fittings, consumer groups and organization groups - are transferred from the source network to the target network if they are not known by name. If a type name is already present, all objects in the source network which use this type are moved to the existing type in the target network.

LogShows the log file with messages which were logged during the combination. In case of of errors, the log is opened automatically:

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ContinueStarts saving the transferred objects in the database. It is possible to undo the changes by selecting Cancel. That button is only activated if the combination was successfully accomplished.

CancelInterrupts the assistant and removes all objects inserted from the source network from the target network.

Transfer to database

Here the assistant shows the progress of the actual data transfer.

✍ If during errors arise while the data is being saved in the database, the entire procedure is cancelled and the project does not contain “added data”.

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Assistant/Operational sequencesArchive sisHYD data volume

13

Archive sisHYD data volumeThe assistant helps during the archiving of the sisHYD data volume. Its main operational area is the additional protection of the network data and calculation results.

Select export file

Export fileThe path and file name of the export file are displayed here.

✍ The path is preset by sisHYD in the current project directory with the file name “export.zip”.

CommentAs well as the the pure sisHYD data, further information on the version and this optional comment are stored in the export file. The comment can be any length.

✍ The import assistant displays this comment after selecting the import file. A detailed comment facilitates the identification of the secured data volume and the calculation cases contained in it.

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Assistant/Operational sequencesArchive sisHYD data volume

Specify the scope of the export

sisHYD grades the export range into 3 stages. With each stage less information is written to the export file.

Entire data volumeExports all information into the export file including the calculation file with the result data and log files.

Data volume without resultsExports the configuration, network and calculation data, but no results.

Only template data, no network objectsOnly exports the pipe classes, pump and valve types, consumer and organization groups, material values and additional resistances.

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Assistant/Operational sequencesExport sisHYD Oracle

13

Create export file

FinishTerminates the assistant after the export procedure is completed.

Export sisHYD Oracle

Create Oracle save

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Export fileThe path and file name of the Oracle export file are set here. As a pre-setting, sisHYD always selects the current project directory and uses as a file name “export.prj”.

VersionOracle exports into binary different formats, which cannot be read by older versions, depending on the database version. Several export components can be installed for the database for this reason. The exchange format “of the oldest” database should therefore always be selected for data exchange with other users (the version of the oldest client software).With the option switch you select one of the installed Oracle export program components.

✍ Newer Oracle components might work more quickly but do not differ in the result of the export of data contents from older components.

Specify saving range

Data volume (without results)Exports the configuration, network and calculation data, but no results.

✍ From sisHYD 2007 onwards, the results are no longer stored in the database, so they are not covered by the database security tools. Select the sisHYD archives as storage medium if the results are also to be saved.

Only template data, no network objectsOnly exports the pipe classes, pump and valve types, consumer and organization groups, material values and additional resistances.

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Carry out Oracle save

FinishTerminates the assistant after the export procedure is completed.

Set basic mapThe assistant helps when setting basic maps in sisHYD projects. In particular when attaching the first basic map the assistant might change the sisHYD design settings, depending on the design information of the basic map (treatment of internal matters of the CAD system).

✍ The dissolution of the sisHYD design matches the dissolution of the basic map, just as the global origin of the design file does when the first basic map is set. There the design may only be in the correct position on the basic map after “new drawing”.

Select map

File nameDisplays the file name of the selected basic map.

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SelectionSelects the basic map which is to be set in the design using a file selection box. The selection of the basic map always begins in the the sisHYD designs directory (subdirectory .\CAD of the project directory).

Settings for basic map

ColorMark the switch “color” to overwrite the color of the basic map design and select the desired color using the color selection field.

✍ The point of replacing the color is to recognize the hydraulically relevant information clearly. The basic map must not dominate and can by an also merge into the background when an even color is chosen.

✍ When setting color/line strength and kind of line sisHYD matches the level symbol to the reference file set as the basic map.

Line strengthMark the switch “line strength” to overwrite the line strength of the basic map design and select the desired line strength using the option switch.

Kind of lineMark the switch “kind of line” to overwrite the kind of line of the basic map design and select the desired kind of line using the option switch.

Show all levelsMark the switch “show all levels” in order to make all the basic map objects visible, independent of the settings saved in the basic map.

✍ This setting is standard. In particular after DWG/DXF import of AutoCAD designs, the design setting remains as it is.

✍ This level allocation for the basic map can be fine-tuned later in the basic map settings using the MicroStation dialog.

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FinishSets the selected basic map as reference file for the current sisHYD design.

CancelCancels the assistant off without setting the basic map.

Extended settings

Use for all network viewsMark the switch, if the basic map is to be automatically set with all network sketches created with the settings made here. The map can be removed again or hidden.

Finish

FinishEnds the assistant and informs sisHYD that the basic map has been set.

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Assistant/Operational sequencesDelete customers

Delete customers

Information pageThe entry page informs you about the number of customers and generated consumers which are to be deleted.

ContinueMoves to the next page of the assistant and starts the deletion process.

CancelEnds the assistant without carrying out the deletion. The customer data and generated consumers remain.

Delete customersThe assistant shows the progress of the delete operation here. The delete operation takes place with 3 commands in the database and the assistant marks the completed points.

FinishEnds the assistant and informs sisHYD that the customers and generated consumers have been removed.

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Assistant/Operational sequencesImport/update customers from Excel

13

Import/update customers from Excel

First page of the Excel import

Open standard customer listClick on the symbol to open the standard customer list in Microsoft Excel. The symbol cannot be selected if the standard customer master list does not exist.

✍ The standard customer list is filekunden.xls in the customer folder of the sisHYD project.

Update customersMark this field if you want to update the existing customer data with consumption values from the Excel spreadsheet.With this approach no customers are created and no customer allocations (node, consumer group, organization group) are changed. The function only updates the consumption values of existing customers, who are identified with their names.

W The names of the customers listed in the Excel spreadsheet must be present in case of the update!

208 sisHYD Handbook


Transfer customers from Microsoft Excel

The assistant has found that customer data is already present in the project and now offers the choice of 2 procedures:

1. Replace. In this case the all customer data is removed before they are imported again from the Excel spreadsheet.

2. Append. Keep the customer record and insert the customers from the Excel spreadsheet into the customer record. The customer names in the Excel spreadsheet cannot occur in the record for the action to be carried out error free.

Named rangeUse a named range to mark the region of your spreadsheet containing the customer data including the required header rows.

sisHYD Handbook 209


13

Read customer data from Excel

You can follow the progress of the transfer of the customer data from the Excel spreadsheet into the data record with the completion display. During this process warning and error messages will be placed as comments into the Excel spreadsheet cells causing the message.

Import finished

The assistant completed the import/update of customer data and successfully transferred it to the data volume.

FinishClick on “Finish” in order to end the assistant.

210 sisHYD Handbook

Assistant/Operational sequencesUpdate pipe lengths

sisHYD has already converted the customer data into consumers in the background.

CancelCancel the assistant to leave to undo the import process.

Update pipe lengthsThe assistant serves to examine and correct the pipe lengths in the project. It compares the entered pipe lengths and the length resulting from the pipe process. The evaluation of the comparison is offered as a HTML log.

Configure pipe length calculation

Only list pipes above threshold valueIf this field is marked, only pipes whose absolute difference is greater than the displayed minimum difference are logged when the examination occurs.The standard threshold value is 0.5 m.

Use threshold valueMark this field in order to set the threshold value yourself.

Minimum differenceThreshold value for the absolute length difference above which a pipe is logged.

sisHYD Handbook 211

Assistant/Operational sequencesUpdate pipe lengths

13

Check pipe lengths

Display log of the length comparisonOpens the HTML log file and lists all pipes which are above the minimum difference in the length comparison. Apart from the absolute difference, the table shows the current and calculated pipe lengths.

Adopt calculated lengthsBefore sisHYD changes the lengths in the data volume and transfers the calculated lengths as new pipe lengths, this field must be marked.

212 sisHYD Handbook

Assistant/Operational sequencesAdopt designed pipes

Update pipe lengths

The assistant displays the progress of the update of pipe lengths. Click on Finish in order to leave the assistant.

Adopt designed pipesThe assistant provides an overview of the design results and is responsible for the change of the pipe class allocation on the basis of the results.

First page

Click on Continue to import the suggested pipe dimensions and have them evaluated in an HTML report.

sisHYD Handbook 213

Assistant/Operational sequencesAdopt designed pipes

13

Prepare a log of the sized pipes

Display evaluation of design results

Opens the HTML report with the evaluation of the design results. The evaluation refers exclusively to the pipes in scope. For these pipes the current pipe class and the pipe class suggested by calculation are confronted.The cell with the pipe class proposal is highlighted and marks the direction of the dimension change. The color is red for pipes that are too narrow, the color is green for pipes that are too far.

Adopt suggested pipe classes in recordMark this field, in order to release the Continue button.

ContinueStarts the adoption of the determined pipe classes into the data volume.

214 sisHYD Handbook

Assistant/Operational sequencesCreate profile plot

Update pipe classes of the sized pipes

Log of the data transfer

The log displays the transferred pipes. Click on Finish to leave the assistant. The pipe class information in the data volume is now changed.

Create profile plotWith the 2003 release, sisHYD stores the profile plots permanently and enables a comprehensive configuration of the diagrams (“Profile plot” on page 152).Profile plots work through the network with previous recorded paths (“Create Profile path” on page 130). Network paths that have been recorded once are used for as many diagrams as required.

Introduction to usesisHYD's Profile plots can be made up of as many partial paths connected to each other as required. For the usual application exactly one path from a starting to a target node (often from the feed point to a consumer) is evaluated in the diagram.

sisHYD Handbook 215


13

➤ To store the desired network path: 1. Start the command “create profile path”.

2. Select the desired starting node in the network representation with the mouse.

3. Select the desired goal node from the network sketch with the mouse. sisHYD determines the path to the target node and highlights all objects along the path.

4. Assign a name for the path and press the button “>> Create >>”.If “on critical path extend the option” is selected, extends sisHYD the path during the analysis from the node selected last to the critical node of the adjusted calculation result. This option permits certain dynamics.

216 sisHYD Handbook


5. The input profile path can be edited with the dialog mask Selections. The selection itself only contains the selected supporting nodes of the profile path.

➤ To create a profile plot for the stored network path: 6. Open the profile plot dialog using “Menu > Design Profile > Plot”.

7. Create a new diagram using “Context menu > New”.

8. Move the path that has just been created from the list “Connecting paths” into the list “Paths in the diagram”, by clicking the “move” button.

sisHYD Handbook 217


13

9. Create the diagram by clicking on the “Create diagram” button.

10.sisHYD opens the design view with the diagram and fits the diagram in into this view.

11.Leave the “Profile plot” dialog by clicking on the OK button, so that the selected path and if necessary further settings are stored!

218 sisHYD Handbook

14 Fundamentals of hydraulic calculationIn the following the fundamentals of the thermal hydraulic calculation method in sisHYD are described.

Pressure loss calculation

Piping

The connection between difference of pressure Δp und mass flow can be described by the Darcy-Weisbach flow law (see [6]):

(14.1)

The pipe constant r is given by

(14.2)

The entire decrease of pressure between pipe entry and pipe exits is made up of the decrease of pressure of a straight pipe, which is described with the help of the friction in pipe number ξR and the decrease of pressure by additional resistances such as elbows, narrowings and branches. These additional resistances are described by the coefficients of drag ξ. These are empirically determined values which can be inferred from appropriate tables (e.g. [2]) The friction in pipe number ξR depends on the flow form present in the pipe and is calculated with laminar current (the flow characterizing Reynolds number Re is smaller than 2300) according to Gl. 14.3 (Hagen-Poiseuille):

(14.3)

in transition and turbulent flow range according to the formula of Prandtl-Colebrook:

(14.4)

The unsteadiness of the flow equation with Re =̂ 2300 (the transition between laminar and turbulent or between Gl. 14.3 on page 219 and Gl. 14.4) is eliminated by linear interpolation within the range Re = 2000 to Re = 3000 in accordance with:

(14.5)

The miscalculation arising with it is negligible for total hydraulics.

m·

Δp m· m· r ρ g Δh⋅ ⋅–⋅ ⋅=

r 8π2 ρ⋅-------------=

1d4----- l

d--- ξR ξzus∑+⋅⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞⋅ ⋅

ξR64Re-------=

1ξR

---------- 2– lg 2,51Re ξR⋅--------------------- k d⁄

3,71----------+⎝ ⎠

⎛ ⎞⋅=

ξRI:Re( ) ξRtu

3000( ) ξRla2000( )–( ) Re 2000–

1000-------------------------⋅ ξRla

2000( )+=

Re 2000 3000,[ ]∈

sisHYD Handbook 219

Fundamentals of hydraulic calculationPumps

14

PumpsSince in remote heating and water nets speed adjusted centrifugal pumps are predominantly used as pressure increase or circulation pumps, the modelling is limited to this pump type.The pressure increase of a centrifugal pump is a function of the pumped mass flow and the number of revolutions n. The following picture shows the set of characteristics of a speed adjusted centrifugal pump.

It is appropriate to represent the characteristic of a centrifugal pump at a given number of revolutions n as a polynomial of 2nd order:

(14.6)

The polynomial coefficients ai depend on the speed of revolution. Using the affinity law, according to [4], the dependence of the polynomial coefficients on the number of revolutions can be described by Gl. 14.7 on page 220:

(14.7)

Here n0 is a given number of revolutions for which the polynomial coefficients must be known (usually the rated speed of the pump).

m·

Operational ranges and efficiencies of a centrifugal pump at different numbers of revolutions

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.20.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.20,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2

n/n0 = 0.31n/n0 = 0.66n/n0 = 1,00

Δp/Δp 0

η/η 0

Efficiency η

m· m· 0⁄

Δp ai n( ) m· i⋅i 0=

2

∑=

ai ai n0( ) nn0-----⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞ 2 i–

⋅=

220 sisHYD Handbook

Fundamentals of hydraulic calculationValves

ValvesThe following designs are modelled as control valves in remote heating networks:

• Valves

• Flaps

The pressure loss of a valve or a flap can be determined according to the following calculation equation:

(14.8)

The flow coefficient kV can be calculated for valves with a the same percent characteristic according to Gl. 14.9, with linear characteristic according to Gl. 14.10 as a function of the valve hub:

(14.9)

(14.10)

Here kVS is the intended flow coefficient of a series with nominal hub, kV0 the intersection of the characteristic with the Y-axis (only with linear characteristic) and hub the relationship from the adjusted hub to the nominal hub [14].For flaps the change of the flow coefficient kv must be given as a function of the flap position by a number of flow coefficients for different flap positions, since so far no description of the dependence of the flow coefficient on the flap position exists.

Calculation of drag coefficients of bendsIt is also possible to consider arising hydraulic resistances at branches in the hydraulic calculation.The determination of the additional coefficients of drag is based on calculation equations descriptive by B. Glück in the book “heating water systems for residential and industrial zones” and [1]. The procedure implemented in sisHYD is described in the following.First 6 kinds of branches are differentiated:

1. Branch with an inlet and drain pipe:If there is an angle between 45° and 125° or between 225° and 315° between the in and out pipe, then an additional coefficient of drag for both pipings of 1.2 results.

Δp 100ρ

--------- m· 3600⋅kv

---------------------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞ 2

⋅=

Kv Kvs exp hub( )⋅=

Kv KvsKvoKvs--------- 1

KvoKvs---------–⎝ ⎠

⎛ ⎞ hub⋅+⋅=

sisHYD Handbook 221

Fundamentals of hydraulic calculationCalculation of drag coefficients of bends

14

2. Branch with two inlets and one drain pipe (combination):Case A (T-fitting in the passage):

for pipe A:

(14.11)

for pipe B:

for

(14.12)

for

(14.13)

Case B (T-fitting against the flow):

for pipe A:

(14.14)

for pipe B:

(14.15)

Pipe A

Pipe B

Pipe C

ξAwCwA-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

21

VA·

VC·-------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 2

–⋅wCwA-------

VA·

VC·-------⋅ 1–

2

+=

wCwB------- 1

VA·

VC·-------–⋅ 0 1,≥

ξB 0 6, 1VA·

VC·-------–

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 0 25,–

⋅wCwB-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

0 25,–1

wCwB-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

21 2

VA·

VC·-------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 2

⋅⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞

–⋅+⎩ ⎭⎨ ⎬⎧ ⎫

⋅ ⋅=

wCwB------- 1

VA·

VC·-------–⋅ 0 1,<

ξB 1wCwB-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

21 2

VA·

VC·-------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 2

⋅⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞

–⋅+⎩ ⎭⎨ ⎬⎧ ⎫

=

Pipe A

Pipe B

Pipe C

ξAwCwA-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

2 VC·

VA·-------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 2

+ 3 1VC·

VA·-------–

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞

⋅+=

ξBwCwB-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

2 VC·

VB·-------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 2

+ 3 1VC·

VB·-------–

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞

⋅+=

222 sisHYD Handbook


3. Branch with one inlet and two drain pipes (separation):Case A (T-fitting in the passage):

for pipe B:

(14.16)

for pipe C:

(14.17)

Case B (T-fitting against the flow):

for pipe B:

(14.18)

for pipe C:

(14.19)

4. Branch with two inlet and two drain lines (combination and separation):

for pipe A:

(14.20)

for pipe B:

for

Pipe A

Pipe B

Pipe C

ξB 0 9,wAwB-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

2+=

ξC 0 4, 1VA·

VC·-------–

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 2 wC

wA-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

2⋅ ⋅=

Pipe A

Pipe B

Pipe C

ξB 0 3,wAwB-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

2+=

ξC 0 3,wAwC-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

2+=

Pipe A

Pipe B

Pipe C

Pipe D

ξAwCwA-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

21

VA·

VA· V· B+

----------------------⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 2

–⋅wCwA-------

VA·

VC·-------⋅ 1–

2

+=

wCwB------- 1

VA·

VC·-------–⋅ 0 1,≥

sisHYD Handbook 223


14

(14.21)

for

(14.22)

for pipe C:

(14.23)

for pipe D:

(14.24)

5. Branch with one inlet and three drain pipes (separation):

for pipe B:

(14.25)

for pipe C:

(14.26)

for pipe D:

(14.27)

6. Branch with three inlet and one drain lines (combination):

for pipe A:

(14.28)

ξB 0 6, 1VA·

VC·-------–

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 0 25,–

⋅wCwB-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

0 25,–1

wCwB-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

21 2

VA·

VC·-------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 2

⋅⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞

–⋅+⎩ ⎭⎨ ⎬⎧ ⎫

⋅ ⋅=

wCwB------- 1

VA·

VC·-------–⋅ 0 1,<

ξB 1wCwB-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

21 2

VA·

VC·-------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 2

⋅⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞

–⋅+⎩ ⎭⎨ ⎬⎧ ⎫

=

ξC 0 4, 1VA·

VC·-------–

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 2 wC

wA-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

2⋅ ⋅=

ξD 0 9,wAwD-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

2+=

Pipe A

Pipe B

Pipe C

Pipe D

ξB 0 9,wAwB-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

2+=

ξC 0 4, 1VC·

VA·-------–

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 2 wA

wC-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

2⋅ ⋅=

ξD 0 9,wAwD-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

2+=

Pipe A

Pipe B

Pipe C

Pipe D

ξAwCwA-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

21

VA·

VC·-------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 2

–⋅wCwA-------

VA·

VC·-------⋅ 1–

2

+=

224 sisHYD Handbook

Fundamentals of hydraulic calculationThermal calculation

for pipe B:

(14.29)

for pipe D:

(14.30)

Thermal calculation

Thermal models for the equipment components

PipingThe exit temperature TA of the fluid after flowing through a pipe of length l, diameter d and the heat transition coefficient k can be calculated for the static case on assumption of ideal piston current and neglect of the heat production by dissipation as follows:

(14.31)

In the unsteady state case the temperature at the exit from a pipe can be calculated at the time t if the entrance time t-s of the volume element leaving at the end of pipe and the entry temperature T of a volume element which entered from the pipe at the time t - s· κ can be determined:

(14.32)

κ is a run time correction factor for the consideration of the heating and/or cooling of the pipe wall and isolation and can be calculated as follows:

(14.33)

with R : Index for material values/measures of the pipe,I : Index for material values/measures of the isolation,a,i : Indices for exterior, interior diameters.

In order to determine the speed process of the required entrance time t - s and the entry temperature T(t - s·k) using temporal backward integration, the calculated mass flows and node temperatures of earlier calculation times must be available.

ξB 1wCwB-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

2+ 1 8

V· A

VC·-------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 2

3V· A

V· C-------+

-----------------⋅–

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞

⋅=

ξD 1wCwD-------⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

2+ 1 8

V· A

VC·-------

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞ 2

3V· A

V· C-------+

-----------------⋅–

⎝ ⎠⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎛ ⎞

⋅=

TA TU TE TU–( ) e4 k l⋅ ⋅

d cF ρ w⋅ ⋅ ⋅-----------------------------–

⋅+=

TA t( ) Tu TE t s κ⋅( )–( ) Tu–( ) exp 4 k⋅d cp ρ⋅ ⋅--------------------- s⋅⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞–⎝ ⎠

⎛ ⎞⋅+=

κ 1dR a,

2 dR i,2

–( ) ρR cP R,⋅ ⋅ dI a,2 dI i,

2–( ) ρI cP I,⋅ ⋅+

dR i,2 ρW cP W,⋅ ⋅

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+=

sisHYD Handbook 225

Fundamentals of hydraulic calculationThermal models for the equipment components

14

For this, a list is maintained of volume elements which entered relative to the present calculation time for each pipe. For each volume element the entry temperature, the temperature gradient, the retention time and the distance of the pipe beginning are stored.For each new calculation step a new volume element with the temperature and the temperature upward gradient of the entrance nodes of the pipe is set at the beginning of the volume element list. Since the new volume element has only just entered, the retention time and the place of the volume element are at first zero. All remaining volume elements in the list are moved on by the path travelled in the last calculation step, i.e. by the product of speed at the current calculation time and the time step size. At the same time the retention times of the volume elements are increased by the calculation step size.The place will exceed the pipe length by at least one volume element. By interpolation between the last volume element whose place the pipe length has not yet exceeded, and the first volume element whose place has exceeded the pipe length, the retention time s of a volume element just at the pipe exit, can be determined.To consider the heating and/or cooling of the pipe wall/isolation, the entry temperature for a volume element, which entered the pipe at the time t - κ·s is also determine by interpolation. With the interpolation of the entry temperatures, the temperature upward gradients of the corresponding volume elements are considered.With reversal of the direction of flow during the calculation period the new element must be indexed at the end the list. All previous volume elements are moved backward around the path travelled in the calculation time step, although this time the place of at least one element becomes smaller than zero, i.e. the appropriate volume elements exit at the other side of the pipe. The exit temperature TE(t-k·s) and the retention time s for the calculation of the final temperature are also determined in the same way by interpolation from the retention times and entry temperatures of the volume elements.

Condensate drainageFor steam nets the condensate yield in the piping is calculated. The condensate contained in a pipe is calculated from rel. Dampness and the mass flow of the piping:

, where

When there is only steam (without condensate) in the pipe; when only condensate is present.If a steam trap is installed at the end of the piping, in accordance with the drainage efficiency a part of the condensate is fed into the return:

δ

m· Steam δ m· Pipe⋅= 0 δ 1< <

δ 0= δ 1=

ϕ

m· Steam trap ϕ m· Steam⋅=

226 sisHYD Handbook


ConsumerConsumers are usually attached to the long-distance heating net with a quantity regulation. The size of the mass flow depends on the amount of heat needed by the consumer as well as on the entry temperature with which the installation is reached. There is therefore - as long as the difference of pressure at the consumer between flow and return is sufficiently big - no actual direct dependence of the consumer mass flow on the difference of pressure. Flow and return are hydraulically decoupled at the consuming devices.With the modelling of the heat extraction of consuming devices, their mass flows take and the return temperatures, the different consumer types must be considered.Consumers differ according to their kind of heat requirement (room heating, hot water preparation, air conditioning or special industrial heat requirement) and their individual temporal consumption behavior (e.g. private households, authorities, industrial plants, schools). A further distinguishing characteristic is often additionally the year of construction of the heating system, since the design output for the same room size has continuously decreased over the course of time. Thus a heat consumer, whose installation dates from the year 1980, surely achieves a smaller maximum extent of utilization relative to the nominal output than consuming devices built in 2000.These characteristics which vary strongly due to plant construction and individual behavior, lead to the development of consumer models which can be calculated with knowledge of the consumer heat requirement (this can also be divided into room heat and hot water requirement) and the physical sizes relevant for a network calculation such as mass flows and return temperature.Due to the high number of consumers, for network calculations (this is valid also for electricity, water and gas network calculations), it has proved satisfactory not to record a network branch in the model for each consumer but to concentrate on the consumer loads at the nearest network node points.In the course of the development of the simulation for long-distance heating systems developed by Icking extensive investigations and model calculations for the description of the consumer behavior were carried out by Loewen ; for the simulation of whole long-distance heating nets, the detailed and often also complex modelling of the individual consumers did not turn out to be practicable. So it has little sense to illustrate the technical part of consuming devices with high accuracy if a by far larger model uncertainty is caused by the individual behavior of the consumer.Therefore a simple simulation model was selected, in order to illustrate the consumer behavior from view of network simulation sufficiently exactly and at justifiable expenditure. This model should be adaptable to usual characteristics of the consuming devices:

• In the case of increased temperature drop and constant entry temperature a increased return temperature results,

• With constant heat extraction the return feed temperature only changes slightly when the inlet temperature changes.

sisHYD Handbook 227


14

On the assumption that these two effects can be described by a linear approximation, it leads this to the following conditional equation for the return feed temperature TR of the consumer:

(14.34)

In Gl. 14.34, page 228, f defines the load factor, defined as quotient from actual, temporal temperature drop and the nominal connected load :

(14.35)

The values for the design return temperature , the design entry temperature

, the nominal connected load as well as for the two adjustment coefficients a

and b are therefore configuration parameters for the modelling of the consuming devices.Since the load factor cannot be determined for each consumer, it is possible to define different consumer groups whose different configuration parameters , , a and b can be assigned. Also the allocation of a special load prognosis to individual consumer groups is possible.After calculation of the consumer return temperature TR with Gl. 14.34 the determination of the mass flow then takes place as follows:

(14.36)

The decrease mass flow of a consumer leaves can therefore also be described as

a product of the momentarily maximum decrease mass flow and current load f where the maximum decrease mass flow is calculated as follows:

(14.37)

Modelling of the under supply of a consumerSince the decrease mass flow of a customer is generally limited by a mass flow delimitation, the mass flow calculated from Gl. 14.34 on page 228 should potentially be limited to the maximum mass flow calculated according to Gl. 14.37, especially for the calculation of low load cases. A smaller actually removed performance may result. The corresponding consumer is marked with the error code under supply and a warning is given.For the supply of an customer installation a minimum pressure differential or a minimum pressure at entrance is usually guaranteed. Under supply can also result for consumer behavior when these guarantee conditions are broken. At present the pressure/pressure differential restrictions of the consumers are only checked and a warning issued when they are broken.

TR TR0a f b TV0

TV–( )⋅+⋅+=

Q Q0

f Q·

Q·

0

------≡

TR0

TV0Q·

0

TV0TR0

m·

m· Q·

cF TV TR–( )⋅---------------------------------- f Q· 0⋅

cF TV TR–( )⋅----------------------------------= =

m· max

mMax· Q· 0

cF TV TR–( )⋅----------------------------------=

228 sisHYD Handbook

Fundamentals of hydraulic calculationStatic thermal calculation

SupplierIn the context of a network calculation the suppliers are regarded as connection elements of two nodes with a heat supply. Supplier-internal procedures of the heat supply and heat transfer to the remote heating water are not considered. Therefore, using an energy balance, the thermal behavior of the suppliers can be described

by the sizes of supplied heat flow , mass flow , entry temperature TE as well as exit temperature TA if the specific warmth of the fluid is regarded as constant:

(14.38)

The entry temperature of the supplier is usually the return temperature of the network and is determined by the network calculation. Therefore two of the remaining three unknown quantities must be set; the third arises from Gl. 14.38. In practice the operators of long-distance heating systems usually focus on the dimensions entry temperature1 and mass flow/flow rate.During network calculation it must however be noted that for at least one supplier the mass flow must not be set firmly, since the program uses it in order to fulfill the mass balance between advance and return. The the mass flows taken from the flow by the consumers depend on the flow temperatures reached by the consumers (see Gl. 14.36). Therefore an a priori definition of the sum of all supplier mass flows before network calculation is not permissible. The supplier, whose feeding mass flow cannot be specified in advance, is designated a regulation feeder, since the feeding mass flow of the regulation feeder balances the heat losses of the pipe system, which cannot be calculated in advance, as well as the heat losses through the losses of water of the network not considered in this model.

Static thermal calculationFrom an energy balance around a node ki the following calculation equation is received on the assumption of an immediate and complete mixing of the entering material

flow for the node temperature Ti:

(14.39)

with : mass flow from the node j to the node i, : node entry temperature of the pipe between the node i and j.

Using Gl. 14.39 it is possible to determine the temperature of a node as a function of the temperature of the entering flows. However, the entry temperature of these mass flows into the connections and thus the temperature of the neighbour nodes, from which the node which is to be calculated is fed, must first be known. In order to carry out a thermal calculation of the entire network, a certain calculation sequence of the nodes must therefore be selected. This must guarantee that every nodes to be calculated is only flowed into from nodes that have already been calculated.

1. The flow temperature is usually specified by a given heating curve as a function of the outside temperature.

Q·

zu m·

Q·

zu m· cF TA TE–( )⋅ ⋅– 0=

m· ij

Ti

m· ij T⋅ ijE

eintr∑

m· ijeintr∑

------------------------------=

m· ij

TijE

sisHYD Handbook 229

Fundamentals of hydraulic calculationUnsteady state thermal network calculation

14

In graph theory, such a sequence of the nodes of a graph is called topological order. The production of such a calculation sequence for the node temperatures that are being searched for in a long-distance heating network is possible only if both

• no thermal meshes are present, i.e. if no circular currents of water are led in the flow or return and

• all feeding temperatures are known.

If at least one of the two conditions is not fulfilled, then instead of the gradual calculation of the node temperatures, a closed thermal calculation method developed by Icking can also be used, which requires, however, the list of a complex and large set of equations. In addition each change to the direction of flow of a pipe requires a reconstruction of this set of equations.

The entry temperatures Gl. 14.39 can be determined depending on the kind

of equipment component between the nodes i and j from the calculation equations Gl. 14.31, Gl. 14.34 and Gl. 14.38.

Unsteady state thermal network calculationUnsteady state thermal calculation takes place in a similar way to steady state thermal calculation via the successive use of in accordance with Gl. 14.39 the topological order of the nodes.The exit temperatures for the new time ti+1= ti + Δt are calculated for the pipes as main causers of the thermally transient procedures in accordance with Gl. 14.32, where for the period between the two calculation times ti and ti+1 the calculated mass flow distribution at time i is accepted as constant.

Procedure of an unsteady state hydraulic network calculationA goal of the unsteady state calculation of long-distance heating nets is the determination of the time course of the dimension variables of the system with time-dependent entry dimensions.Entry dimensions are the supply requirements and the operating variables.Under supply requirement the time-dependent heat requirement of the individual consumers is understood. This supply requirement depends on meteorological dimensions, like outside temperature, precipitation, sun exposure, wind velocity and temporal dimensions, like time of day, weekday, season. Usually the supply requirement is not well-known in advance for individual consumers; usually it is determined by means of static prognosis models for the total network, more rarely for certain consumer groups or large single consumers. The supply requirements of the individual consumers must then be derived proportionately from the summary requirement.Operating variables are the dimension which the operator of long-distance heating systems can influence during operation, without causing constructional changes. The sum of all current values of the operating variables does not normally uniquely specify the current operating condition of the plant together with the current supply requirement; usually the history of most dimensions must be considered additionally.

TijE

230 sisHYD Handbook

Fundamentals of hydraulic calculationPressure charts

The most important operating variables are the entry temperatures and feed performances of the suppliers as well as the rule concepts of all adjustable pressure increase stations and bypasses. If a simulation works non-interactively, then all dimensions mentioned must be present as a time-dependent management plan before beginning the calculation.The time courses of the variables of state of the system, i.e. the pressures, mass flows and temperatures are the results of an unsteady state network simulation Each entry and exit dimension of the system can be reconstructed by a complete record of system state variables from the beginning of the simulation time up to the current simulation time, in order to continue simulation after an interruption with new inputs, for example.Usually it is not a priority goal of unsteady state network calculation to determine the thermal and hydraulic variables of state but there are interests in characteristic dimensions of the network such as the total heat losses, the network retention status, the supply run times and the total pump performance. These summary dimensions can be easily derived after network simulation from the variables of state.

Pressure chartssisHYD creates a set of diagrams in which an target dimensions is evaluated along any path in the net. The target dimensions either refer to nodes or to network elements. In the latter case stepwise representations always result.A special diagram form represents the pressure chart in long-distance heating. A height along a path in the network, equivalent to hydraulic pressure, is represented. The equivalent hydraulic pressure height is calculated as follows:

(14.40)

i is the local absolute pressure at the junction

is the local ambient pressure at the junction i

is the height at the junction i

is the local density of the medium

is the constant for acceleration due to gravity

The manometric pressure is calculated by the difference between elevation characteristic and the equivalent hydraulic height (of a leader) under multiplication with the acceleration due to gravity constant and the local density of the medium:

(14.41)

hhydr i,pabs i, pu i,–( )

ρi g⋅--------------------------------- hi+=

pabs i,

pu i,

hi

ρi

g

pmano

pmano hhydr Leader, hHeight–( ) ρi g⋅ ⋅=

sisHYD Handbook 231

Fundamentals of hydraulic calculationPressure charts

14

In order to facilitate the reading from of pressure, an additional axis is drawn in the diagram, on which the hydraulic pressure is given. The hydraulic pressure is calculated as

(14.42)

The range of values of this axis is directly coupled with the range of values on the axis “pressure height”. The resulting difference of pressure can be measured directly to an elevator difference. For the conversion of this elevation difference into a pressure, an average density is assumed. Since the density differs significantly in hot water networks between flow and return, an inaccuracy in the order of magnitude of 2% arises here.

(14.43)

(14.44)

(14.45)

actual local difference of pressure at position i

difference of pressure read on the axis since position i

average density, with which the axis “hydraulic pressure” is derived from the axis “pressure height”

the observed elevation difference

Length [m]

Pressure height[mWs]

Flow

Return

Terrain height

hHeight

hhydr Leader,

Flow (abs)

hydr. pressure[bar]

phydr i, ρi g hi⋅ ⋅ pabs i,+=

Δpi ρi g Δhi⋅ ⋅=

Δpi ρ g Δhi⋅ ⋅=

rel.ErrorΔpi Δpi–

Δpi-----------------------

ρi ρ–

ρ-------------- 985 970–

970------------------------ 0 0155, 2%≈= = = =

Δpi

Δpi

ρ

Δhi

232 sisHYD Handbook

Fundamentals of hydraulic calculationComparison of gas network calculations with positive pressure/absolute pressure

Comparison of gas network calculations with positive pressure/absolute pressure

A simple gas pipe whose end node lies 19m higher than the initial node serves as a demo network. The medium is in the piping and the pressures is calculated.As calculation default an initial pressure of 1035.4 mbar (absolute) and/or 22.4 mbar (positive pressure) is set. The ambient pressure at the initial node therefore amounts to 1013 mbar.The atmospheric pressure is assumed constant with 1.2 kg/m³, the gas density with a standard density of 0.73 kg/m³. The initial node is at a height of 339 m, the end node at a height of 358 m.In the calculation with absolute pressure, sisHYD determines a pressure of 1034 mbar for the end node, the calculation with information of positive pressure determines a positive pressure of 23.3 mbar.The calculated values appear contradictory at first, but.In the case of the absolute pressure calculation, the pressure in the gas line is proven with 1034 mbar. This pressure results due to the static difference of pressure between K1 and K2, which is calculated as

The absolute pressure in the pipe therefore reduces from 1035.4 mbar to 1034.01 mbar.The calculated positive pressure can be converted with the ambient pressure at the respective node to an absolute pressure by

The air pressure of the environment is calculated at

Thus the absolute pressure of the gas in the piping amounts to

The influence of the static difference of pressure shows clearly that the reference height for the pressure indications is crucial in positive pressure calculations.

ρ0 Gas, g Δh⋅ ⋅ 0,75 9,81 19 Pa⋅ ⋅ 139 Pa 1,39 mbar= = =

pAbs pOverpressure pEnvironment+=

pEnvironment p0 ρ0 Air, g Δh⋅ ⋅( )–=

pEnvironment 1013 mbar 2,23 mbar– 1010,77 mbar= =

pAbs 1010,77 23,23 mbar+ 1034,0 mbar= =

sisHYD Handbook 233

Fundamentals of hydraulic calculationComparison of gas network calculations with positive pressure/absolute pressure

14

234 sisHYD Handbook

Part II: Appendix

15 Import/export interfacesThe following chapter describes the import and export interfaces of sisHYD.

sisHYD import of HR data

The following section describes the structure of text files for an import using the sisHYD text interface. The GIS sisNET exports network data in the text format described.

Specification of the import text interface• The file consists of a series of data blocks, where each data block describes

exactly one object

• A data block is introduced with a keyword. On the following lines pairs of field keyword and value are listed, which are separated from each other by exactly one TAB. Keyword and value must be present.

• Keywords are written exclusively in CAPITAL LETTERS.

• A block is completed by a blank line (this also applies for the last block of the text file).

• All unit-bound dimensions are entered in the unit which is described in the sisHYD database sketch. In general these are the SI units (length, diameter in [m], performance in [W], flow rates in [Nm3/s], mass flows in [kg/s], temperature in [°C]).

• Numeric values are displayed as cultural neutral formatting, i.e. a point is used as a separator, there is no thousand separator

• All compulsory fields must be listed for a block. Compulsory field which run a default value are excepted. If the compulsory field is missing it is taken up with the default value.

• Date and numerical data take place in the UTC format (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SSZ), e.g.: 2008-11-21 14:28:13Z.

Valid decimal numbers

123123.45612.3456e-6

Invalid decimal numbers

1.000.0005,6781.234,678

sisHYD Handbook 237

Import/export interfacesSpecification of the import text interface

15

sisHYD imports the following data blocks (grey) from the import file• All keywords of the import interface are strictly identical to the corresponding column

names of the database draft.

• Keywords in curly brackets are alternative names (old) which are still understood by the import format. They deviate from the convention and are replaced with by names that conform to convention for import files with format information.

• The order of the data blocks is arbitrary in the old format. In the new format the first block is the VERSION. For all further blocks, data which are referenced are to be written before blocks which depend on these data. (e.g. Write pipe classes before pipe data which reference the pipe class).

✍ For compatibility reasons the order is not yet checked. The integrity examination therefore only takes place when the project is opened by sisHYD. Incorrect data are announced and eliminated from the database.

✍ From sisHYD version 08.05.01.13, default data are generated for the following tables if no row is present after the import.

Fields, which are marked “yes” in the compulsory column and have no default value must be filled!

Block/fieldDatabase link Keyword Compulsory Default

File format (not in database) VERSIONIdentification VERSION_ID Yes 080904

“Network” NETZName NETZ_ID YesNumber NETZ_NR Yes 1Type of network (displays the number of leaders; for gas/water always 1)

NETZTYP Yes 2

Medium MEDIUM Yes 0Connection load ANSCHLUSS_LAST 0Max. Pressure P_NENN 1600000Max. Flow temperature TMAX_VORLAUF 130Max. Return temperature TMAX_RUECKLAUF 90Height of the air pressure measurement

NULLPUNKT 0

Absolute pressure ABSOLUTDRUCK JAtmospheric pressure LUFTDICHTE 1.293Air pressure LUFTDRUCK 101325

238 sisHYD Handbook


Zone H_NETZTEILName NETZTEIL_ID YesNumber NETZTEIL_NR Yes 1Barrier SPERRECorrection wall roughness WANDRAUH_KORR 0Correction factor for the wall roughness

WANDRAUH_FAKTOR 1

Coefficient for correction of the heat transition coefficient

WAERME_KOEFF_KORR 0

Factor for correction of the heat transition coefficient

WAERME_KOEFF_FAKTOR 1

Const. Length addition LAENGEN_ZUSCHLAG 0Factor for the length addition LAENGENZUSCHLAG_FAKTOR 1

Alternative H_VARIANTEName VARIANTE_ID YesNumber VARIANTE_NR Yes 1Description BESCHREIBUNG

Alternative zone allocation H_VARIANTE_NETZTEILNumber of the variable VARIANTE_NR YesNumber of the contained power supply unit

NETZTEIL_NR Yes

Node KNOTENName KNOTEN_ID YesNumber KNOTEN_NR YesAssigned network NETZ_NR Yes 1Network position NETZ_POSITION Yes 0x-coordinate X_KOORD Yesy-coordinate Y_KOORD Yesz-coordinate Z_KOORD YesGenerated GENERIERT 1Amendment date GEAENDERTCreation date ERSTELLTObject identification from GIS GISID

(MS_LINK)


sisHYD Handbook 239


15

(common element data) (ELEMENT)!no valid data block!

Name ELEM_ID YesNumber ELEM_NR YesInitial node ANFANGS_NR Yes 1End node END_NR Yes 1Assigned network NETZ_NR Yes 1Assigned zone HIERARCHIE Yes 1Network position NETZ_POSITION Yes 0Generated GENERIERT 1Amendment date GEAENDERTCreation date ERSTELLTObject identification from GIS GISID

(MS_LINK)

Steam trap H_STEAMTRAP< ELEMENT

Efficiency EFFICIENCY Yes

Pipe ROHR {STRANG}< ELEMENT

Pipe class ROHRKLASSEN_NR Yes 1Length LAENGE Yes 0.0Additional resistance ZUSATZWIDER 0Default of an individual exterior temperature [°C], the value -1000 stands for for no default

T_AUSSEN Yes -1000

Price category PREISKATEGORIE 1Can be isolated IST_ABSPERRBAR Yes N

Pump PUMPE< ELEMENT

Assigned pump type, 0 for default pump type

PUMPENTYP_NR{PUMPENTYP}

0

Cost factor KOSTENFAKTORPrice category PREISKATEGORIE 1


240 sisHYD Handbook


Valve VENTIL {ARMATUR}< ELEMENT

Assigned valve type, 0 for type of default valve

VENTILTYP_NR{VENTILTYP}

0

Price category PREISKATEGORIE

Feeder VERSORGER {EINSPEISER}< ELEMENT

Max. Feeding temperature MAX_TEMP 0Const. pressure loss portion DRUCKVERLUST 0Resistance WIDERSTAND 0Resistance2 WIDERSTAND2 0Max. Feed performance MAX_LEISTUNG 0Max. mass flow. MAX_MSTROM 0Max. Flow rate MAX_VSTROM 0Heat production costs WAERME_KOSTEN 0

Consumer VERBRAUCHER< ELEMENT

Name ELEM_ID YesNumber ELEM_NR YesNominal mass flow NENNMASSENSTROMConnection load ANSCHLUSSLASTFlow rate VOLUMENSTROMAssigned consumer group GRUPPEN_NR Yes 1Min. pressure loss V_MIN_DRUCKVERLUST 0Max. pressure loss V_MAX_DRUCKVERLUST 0Max. mass flow. V_MAX_MSTROM 0Min. Flow temperature V_MIN_VORLAUFTEMP 0Min. pressure height MIN_DRUCKHOEHE 0Max. pressure height MAX_DRUCKHOEHE 0Bypass diameter BYPASS 0


sisHYD Handbook 241


15

Pipe inflexion points KNICKPUNKTENumber ELEM_NR YesSerial inflexion point number (start each ELEM_NR with 1)

KNICK_NR Yes

x-coordinate X_KOORDy-coordinate Y_KOORDz-coordinate Z_KOORD

Customer VERBR_DATEN {KUNDE}Creation date ERSTELLTAmendment date GEAENDERTGenerated GENERIERT 1Name VERBRAUCHER_ID YesNumber VERBRAUCHER_NR YesConnection node ANFANGS_KNR1 YesMass flow heating MASSENSTROM 0Connection value heating NENNLEISTUNG 0Volume flow heating VOLUMENTSTROM 0Consumer group heating GRUPPEN_NR Yes 1Volume flow consumer group MASSENSTROM2 0Connection value water production

NENNLEISTUNG2 0

Volume flow water production VOLUMENTSTROM2 0Consumer group water production

GRUPPEN_NR2 Yes 1

Mass flow ventilation MASSENSTROM3 0Connected load ventilation NENNLEISTUNG3 0Volume flow ventilation VOLUMENTSTROM3 0Consumer group ventilation GRUPPEN_NR3 Yes 1Current amount of heat WAERMEMENGE1

(WAERMEMENGE_1)Current quantity of water WASSERMENGE1

(WASSERMENGE_1)Current volume VOLUMEN1

(VOLUMEN_1)Amount of heat previous year

WAERMEMENGE2(WAERMEMENGE_2)

Quantity of water previous year

WASSERMENGE2(WASSERMENGE_2)


242 sisHYD Handbook


Volume previous year VOLUMEN2(VOLUMEN_2)

Floor space WOHNFLAECHEBypass diameter BYPASSFirst name VORNAMESurname HAUSNAMEStreet name STRASSEStreet number HAUSNUMMERPostal/zip code PLZCity ORTFirst telephone number TEL_PRIVATSecond telephone number TEL_ARBEIT

MESS_TYPMESS_INSTALLATIONINSPEKTION

Code for the consumption accounting

ABRECHNUNG

Minimum building height MIN_HOEHEMaximum building height MAX_HOEHE

SPEICHERTAUSCHERDURCHLAUFALTERNATIV

Consumer group VERBR_GRUPPECreation date ERSTELLTAmendment date GEAENDERTGenerated GENERIERT 1Name GRUPPEN_ID YesNumber GRUPPEN_NR YesFactor heating portion FAKTOR 1Target temperature flow VORLAUF_SOLL 100Target temperature return RUECKLAUF_SOLL 50Sigma flow SIGMA_VORLAUF 0Sigma load SIGMA_LAST 0Retention time correction VERWEILZEIT 0Min. Difference of pressure DIFFDRUCK_MIN 0Min. Flow temperature TMIN_VORLAUF 0


sisHYD Handbook 243


15

Max. pressure at the customer P_MAX_ABNEHM 0Min. pressure height at the customer

MIN_DRUCKHOEHE 0

Max. pressure height at the customer

MAX_DRUCKHOEHE 0

Consumption field with customer data

VERBRAUCHSART 0

Yearly hours JAHRESSTUNDEN 0Identifies the target consumption field at the consumer

MEMO_NR 0

MITMENGENBEGRENZUNG 0MENGENFAKTOR 1

Pipe class ROHRKLASSENCreation date ERSTELLTAmendment date GEAENDERTGenerated GENERIERT 1Name ROHRKLASSEN_ID YesNumber ROHRKLASSEN_NR Yes 1Inside diameter INN_DMESS YesOutside diameter AUSSENDURCHMESSER

{AUSS_DMESS}Retention coefficient VERWEIL_KOEFF Yes 1Consider in design calculations DIMENSIONIERBAR Yes JWall roughness WANDRAU 0.0001Heat coefficient WAERME_KOEFFHeat transition coefficient KWERT

DRUCKSTUFELIEFERANTBESTELL_NRLECKDETEKTNENNDURCHMESSERAUSSENDURCHMESSERMANTELDURCHMESSERWANDSTAERKE{WANDDICKE}MATERIALISOLIERUNGGEWICHT


244 sisHYD Handbook


Prices for category 1 PREIS1Prices for category 2 PREIS2Prices for category 3 PREIS3Prices for category 4 PREIS4Prices for category 5 PREIS5Prices for category 6 PREIS6

GESCHW_MAXDELTAP_MAXVERLEGEARTAUSSENTEMPERATUR

Flex pipe, J/N FLEXROHRRILLENTIEFERILLENABSTAND

Type of pump PUMPENTYPCreation date ERSTELLTAmendment date GEAENDERTGenerated GENERIERT 1Name PUMPENTYP YesNumber PUMPENTYP_NR Yes

NENNDREHZAHL YesMAX_FOERDERSTROMMIN_FOERDERSTROMMAX_DREHZAHL 2000MIN_DREHZAHL 1G_WIRK_MING_WIRK_MAXHOEHE0 0HOEHE1 0HOHE2 0LEISTUNG0 0LEISTUNG1 0LEISTUNG2 0LEISTUNG3 0NPSH0 0NPSH1 0NPSH2 0


sisHYD Handbook 245


15

NPSH3 0MOTORLEISTUNGPUMPENMODELLLIEFERANTBESTELL_NR

Prices for category 1 PREIS1Prices for category 2 PREIS2Prices for category 3 PREIS3Prices for category 4 PREIS4Prices for category 5 PREIS5Prices for category 6 PREIS6Creation date ERSTELLTAmendment date GEAENDERTGenerated GENERIERT 1

Pump characteristic entry PUMPENKENNLINIENNumber PUMPENTYP_NR YesMass flow MASSENSTROM YesDelivery height FOERDERHOEHE YesPerformance LEISTUNG 0NPSH NPSH 0

Valve type VENTILTYPCreation date ERSTELLTAmendment date GEAENDERTGenerated GENERIERT 1Name VENTILTYP YesNumber VENTILTYP_NR YesKvs KVSKvs_Kv0 KVS_KV00 - linear1 - equal percentage2 - freely defined3 - check valve

KENNLINIENART


246 sisHYD Handbook


Prices for category 1 PREIS1Prices for category 2 PREIS2Prices for category 3 PREIS3Prices for category 4 PREIS4Prices for category 5 PREIS5Prices for category 6 PREIS6Valve model VENTILMODELLOrder_no. BESTELL_NRSupplier LIEFERANT

Valve characteristic entry VENTIL_KENNLINIENumber VENTILTYP_NR YesPosition VENTIL_STELLUNG YesValve coefficient VENTIL_KOEFF Yes

Organization group ORG_GRUPPEName ORG_ID YesNumber ORG_NR YesFactor FAKTOR 1

Special fittings H_EINBAUTEILENumber TEIL_NR YesName TEIL_ID YesZeta value ZETAWERT YesSpecial fittings pipe H_EINBAUTEILE_ROHRNumber ELEM_NR YesPartial identification TEIL_NR YesNumber ANZAHL Yes


sisHYD Handbook 247


15

References to fields

Old format

Field Remark

All data blocksNumber The number is the primary key and must be unique within all objects

of a data block. Numbers always begin with 1.The data blocksSTRANG, VERBRAUCHER, VERSORGER, PUMPE, VENTIL, H_STEAMTRAP inherit the data from the ELEMENT data block. The field must be unique within all objects which inherit from ELEMENT!The inheritance is marked in the keyword column with the following line “< ELEMENT”.

Conductor networksInitial node Is automatically set for suppliers in the conductor network.End nodes Is automatically set for consumers and steam traps in the conductor

network.Pipe classINN_DMESS The inside diameter is calculated if the fields for wall thickness and

outside diameter are present.KWERT When this is available, the fieldWAERME_KOEFF fromKWERT is

calculated using the formula

TheKWERT is carried out in the unit [W/mK]. This value must not be confused with the heat conductivity of the pipe insulating material!The fieldKWERT should not be defined together with the fieldWAERME_KOEFF.

WAERME_KOEFF The heat transition coefficient of the pipe class in the Unit [W/m2K].Steam trap (only for long-distance heating one and two-leader networks)ELEM_ID The name of the steam trap comes from the name of the assigned node

by prefixing the @ character.The character @ is only allowed for steam traps as the first character (to guarantee clarity of the names).A maximum of one steam trap exists for each node.

Field Remark

GeneralName The name must be unique within all objects within a data block.

WAERME_KOEFF KWERTπ INN_DMESS⋅-----------------------------------------=

248 sisHYD Handbook


New formatThe format extends the existing specification with the following information.

Corrections to first specificationDefault value for maximum temperature in the a feeder changed from 500 to 0.KeywordWIDERSTAND2 removed from the feeder.KeywordLECKDETECT for pipe class corrected toLECKDETEKT.KeywordMS_LINK added to nodes.Specification for date/numerical data entered afterwards as UTC.

sisHYD 08.11.05.23Reference to CAPITALIZATION caused by keywords.Alternative keywords:

• VENTILalternative ARMATUR

• VERBR_DATENalternative KUNDE

• VERSORGERalternative EINSPEISER

Field Remark

Format info.VERSION_ID The version information block is only used in the extended format.

The number 080904 is to be used as version info of this specification.GeneralName The name must be unique within all objects within a type of data block.

Special rules are valid for the data blocksKNOTEN and the blocks inheriting fromELEMENT.Here the name must be unique in combination with the network position. The combination of name and network position only plays a role in the category long-distance heating.Here node and pipe symmetries are illustrated by the fact that supply and return nodes receive the same name with different network positions.When they are transferred into the sisHYD database the network position abbreviations are added to the names (Network position identification: Supply (V), Return, KLB), so that the database-internal name is still unique. In the dialog masks the last letter is automatically hidden with nodes and pipes. With conductor systems all node and pipe names contain a V contain as the last letter.

sisHYD Handbook 249

Import/export interfacesImport of data from Microsoft Excel

15

sisHYD 08.11.07.01Extension of the attributes of customer data by specification for the hot water preparation and ventilation. The organization group is no longer required.As soon as the following fields are used for customer data, version identifier 081107 is to be used.

• NENNLEISTUNG2

• NENNLEISTUNG3

• MASSENSTROM2

• MASSENSTROM3

• VOLUMESTROM2

• VOLUMESTROM3

• GRUPPEN_NR2

• GRUPPEN_NR3The following attributes are omitted

• ANFANGS_KNR2

• ANFANGS_KNR3

• ORG_GRUPPE

Import of data from Microsoft ExcelAt present sisHYD implements an import interface to Microsoft Excel for pipe class data and customer data. For the customer data, as well as the pure import, there is also the option to update data in sisHYD on the basis of the table data.

250 sisHYD Handbook

Import/export interfacesStructure of a spreadsheet

Structure of a spreadsheetThe Excel worksheet follows a firmly defined pattern, so that sisHYD can assign the information on the worksheet to the corresponding fields in the sisHYD data model. In addition the following rules are valid

• The first 3 rows of the worksheet are reserved for administrative information.

• Exactly one data set is in one row of the worksheet.

• A column in the worksheet is assigned to exactly one field in the sisHYD data model. The order of the columns is arbitrary.

• In the first row there are keywords set by sisHYD which marks the allocation of the column value into the sisHYD data model. Columns without keywords are ignored. Cells with unknown keywords are provided with a comment.The sequence of the data records is arbitrary. However sorting by the name attribute, which must be unique for all data records, is recommended- so doubles are immediately recognizable.

• The second row contains “plain text” for the column. Contents are not needed for the data transfer and may also be used elsewhere.

• The third row is given in the units to which the numerical values of the column to refer. The label for unit-bound fields must be displayed and be known to the sisHYD unit system. The label may be written optionally in [].

Template working foldersisHYD makes a template with import worksheet on pipe classes and customer data available. The template working folder is found in the path relative to the sisHYD installation ./sishyd/xls/ImportLeereMappe.xls and contains 2 worksheets “pipe class” and “customer”.In the template the cells of the first row are colored according to a certain pattern

Color Meaning

red Compulsory field, i.e. the data set is only successful if there is valid information in the field

turquoise Optional entry. The cell may be omitted with the import.

sisHYD Handbook 251

Import/export interfacesPipe classes

15

Pipe classesThe following table contains the keywords for the allocation from worksheet columns to data fields for pipe classes. Compulsory fields for the import are red:

Keyword Description Info.id[klasse]

Name of the pipe class.The name must be unique within all pipe class names!

dimbar It specifies whether a pipe class can be suggested in design calculations.

TrueFalse

di Inside diameter of the pipe. m:wandrau Wall roughness. m:waermekoeff Heat transition coefficient for heat loss calculation.

Note this is not the heat coefficient often given with pipe classes (adjusts to the pipe range) (see unit).

W/m2K

verweilkoeff Correction factor in unsteady state calculation. At present always 1.0.

druckstufe Nominal pressure level for the examination of the operation limit.

Pa

lieferant Name of the supplier.bestell_nr Order number with the supplier.leckdetekt Specifies whether the pipe class has

possibilities for leakage detection.TrueFalse

dn Nominal diameter of the pipe. m:da Outside diameter of the pipe. m:s Wall thickness of the medium pipe. m:dm Diameter of the jacket pipe. m:material Pipe material.isolierung Description of the insulation material.gewicht Specific weight per meter of pipe length.preis1 Moving costs for self defined category 1. €/mpreis2 Moving costs for self defined category 2. €/mpreis3 Moving costs for self defined category 3. €/mpreis4 Moving costs for self defined category 4. €/mpreis5 Moving costs for self defined category 5. €/mpreis6 Moving costs for self defined category 6. €/mmax_geschw Optional information of a maximum speed for design

calculations. The value overwrites the information from network calculation if ! = 0

m/s

max_deltap Optional information maximum spec. pressure loss for design calculations. The value overwrites the information from network calculation if ! = 0

Pa

temperatur Optional information of an outside temperature for heat loss calculation. The value overwrites the information from network calculation if the field is occupied and is >-273.15 °C.

°C

verlegeart Optional information of a type of move of the pipe class.

252 sisHYD Handbook

Import/export interfacesCustomer data

Customer dataThe following table contains the keywords for the allocation of worksheet columns to data fields for customer data. Compulsory fields for the import are red. A consumer group must be defined so that the heating, hot water or ventilation portion data can be set.

Keyword Description Info.kunde Name of the customer.

The field must be unique within all customer names!knoten1 Assigned node with calculation without compression.

The node must be already present in sisHYD.netzteil Allocation power packs for the resulting consumer.abrechnung Alphanumeric key field for consumption accounting

systems.verbr_gruppe Name of the consumer group for the heating portion.

The group must be present in order to set the heating portion. Otherwise the field can be omitted.

leistung Connected load of the customer. Wmassenstrom Mass flow of the customer in the design case (100%). kg/svolumenstrom Flow rate of the customer in the design case (100%). m3/smax_massenstrom Max. admissible mass flow. This field is evaluated

when consumers are created and the adherence to the max. permissible value is checked.

kg/s

bypass Diameter of a thermal bypass. mmwaermemenge1 Referred amount of heat in this year. Wswassermenge1 Referred quantity of water in this year. kgvolumen1 Referred volume in this year. m3waermemenge2 Referred amount of heat in the previous year. Wswassermenge2 Referred quantity of water in the previous year. kgvolumen2 Referred volume in the previous year. m3wohnflaeche Floor space. m2verbr_gruppe2 Name of the consumer group for the hot water

preparation. The group must be present in order to set the demands for hot water preparation. Otherwise the field can be omitted.

leistung2 Connection value for the hot water preparation. Wmassenstrom2 Mass flow for the hot water preparation of the customer in

design case (100%).kg/s

volumenstrom2 Volume flow for the hot water preparation of the customer in design case (100%).

m3/s

verbr_gruppe3 Name of the consumer group for the ventilation portion. The group must be present in order to set the ventilation portion. Otherwise the field can be omitted.

leistung3 Connection value for the ventilation proportion. Wmassenstrom3 Mass flow for the ventilation portion

of the customer in design case (100%).kg/s

volumenstrom3 Volume flow for the ventilation portion of the customer in design case (100%).

m3/s

sisHYD Handbook 253

Import/export interfacesImport of customer data (text format)

15

Import of customer data (text format)

W The following list describes the customer information which can/must be written into the import file. You must follow the conventions and instructions in the following section so that the import can take place error free. At the end of the section there is a list with instructions for the recovery of errors with the import.

For each customer the following information can be set in the import file:

Purely administrative fields without influence on calculation. The meaning of contents can be redefined as desired. vornamehouse namestrassehausnrplzorttel1tel2messtypinstallationinspektionmin_hoehe m:max_hoehe m:speicher True

Falsetauscher True

Falsedurchlauf True

Falsealternativ True

False

Position Description of the field

1 Key designator for the network (max. 40 characters).An import filter can be defined for the import function using this. Only the customers whose key designator agrees with the network name are imported (see “Network data” on page 43)!

2 Unique Customer designator (max. 40 characters).Note that the customer names must be unique. Customer records are not imported if a data set with same name already exists!

3 Assigned and existing Node “no compression” with max. 19 characters.For the network position node names receive a letter identification at the end; “V” stands for a node at the flow leader and“K” for a node at the KLB leader.

4 Assigned and existing Node for “low compression” with max. 19 characters.5 Assigned and existing Node for “high compression” with max. 19 characters.

Keyword Description Info.

254 sisHYD Handbook

Import/export interfacesImport of customer data (text format)

➤ The customer file must meet the following conditions: 1. all data of a customer must have been entered in one line,

2. the individual input fields are to be separated by a comma,

3. only the information 1 to 9 is absolutely necessarily; all further details are optional,

4. designators which contain special characters such as commas or blanks must be surrounded by quotation marks (“),

5. designators, in which a comma follows a quotation mark, which contain quotation marks themselves,which have initial or final spaces or tab marks are not permitted.

6 Designator of the existing Consumer group (max. 40 characters).7 Designator of the existing Organization group (max. 40 characters).

All numerical values are to be entered in SI units.8 Nominal heat output in [W].9 Nominal decrease mass flow [kg/s].10 Amount of heat taken in the current year [Ws].11 Amount of heat taken last year [Ws].12 Quantity of water taken in the current year [kg].13 Quantity of water taken last year [kg].14 Floor space [m2].15 Bypass diameter [m].16 1. barrier list1, ignored - formerly LICHEAT.17 2. barrier list2, ignored - formerly LICHEAT.18 House name (max. 20 characters).19 First name (max. 20 characters).20 Road (max. 20 characters).21 House number (max. 8 characters).22 City/town (max. 20 characters).23 Postal/zip code (max. 8 characters).24 Private telephone number (max. 14 characters).25 Work telephone number (max. 14 characters).26 Heat accumulator available (J/N).27 Instantaneous water heater available (J/N).28 Heat exchanger available (J/N).29 Alternative available (J/N).30 Volumes taken in the current year [m3].31 Volume taken in previous year [m3].32 Flow rate [m3].

Position Description of the field

sisHYD Handbook 255

Import/export interfacesImport of customer billing dates (text format)

15

Import of customer billing dates (text format)The invoice data contain the data for a central place or the summed up invoice data for an address per line. The columns of a data line are separated by semicolons.The 1st line of the file also contains a semicolon separated list of the column names to describe the file contents. The sequence of the columns is arbitrary; for the interpretation of the columns by the sisHYD import, however, the following column names must be used:

The following columns must be present for the import to sisHYD:

• either the column Customer for the customer name

• or the columns Road and Street number (if there double street names in several supplied places, also the postal/zip code)

• as well as at least one consumption value

The allocations of the customer data can also be changed with the attributes Group and OrgGroup. However, before the import of the customer data, the appropriate consumer groups (for the attribute group) and/or org groups (for the attribute OrgGruppe) must have been created in sisHYD. Further columns which cannot be interpreted by sisHYD can also be contained in the file; these columns are simply overlooked.

Column name Contents

Kunde Unique designation of the customer (e. g. for special customers or reception points without address)

Strasse Street name of the consumption place and/or consumption addressHausnummer House number of the consumption place and/or consumption addressPLZ POSTAL/ZIP CODE: Postal/zip code of the consumption place and/or

consumption addressNennleistung Connected load [kW]Nennmassenstrom Nominal mass flow of the consumption place and/or consumption

address [kg/s]Nennvolumenstrom Nominal mass flow of the consumption place and/or consumption

address [m³/h]Wärme1 Amount of heat taken in the last year [kWh]Wärme2 Amount of heat taken in the year before last [kWh]Menge1 Quantity taken in previous year [kg]Menge2 Quantity taken in previous year [kg]Volumen1 Volume taken in previous year [m³]Volumen2 Volume taken in previous year [m³]Gruppe Consumer category for the allocation of the load behavior

(=allocation to a sisHYD consumer group)OrgGruppe Organisatory group allocation of the consumption place

(=allocation to a sisHYD org group) - no longer used

256 sisHYD Handbook

Import/export interfacesOutput to Excel

Example of an invoice data file:Kunde;Strasse;Hausnummer;Wärme1;Wärme2

;Ränzstraße;2;20000.0;22000.0

;Ränzstraße;12;20000.0;22000.0

;Gedelerstraße;2;20000.0;22000.0

;Gedelerstraße;4;20000.0;22000.0

;Wilhelminenstraße;19;20000.0;22000.0

;Richterstraße;59;20000.0;22000.0

Sonderkunde1;;;500000.0;480000.0

Output to ExcelOutput to Excel or Standard report to Excel can be only used if MS Excel is installed or another application is linked with .xls files.The data transfer path to Excel or another spreadsheet application is selected automatically. COM and XMLSS are available as transfer paths.

COMThis procedure is very time-consuming with larger reports.

✍ Is only intended for older Microsoft Excel versions which do not support XMLSS. The reports are written directly into a new Excel file.

XMLSSThis procedure is much quicker, even with larger reports.The report is stored as a file with the ending ‘.excel.xml’ in the project’s report directory. This file is opened with the application which is linked with ‘.xls’ files.

✍ XMLSS stands for “eXtendable Markup Language for Spread Sheets” and is a standard for spreadsheet applications supported by many manufacturers.

Data transfer paths

Program Data transfer

Microsoft Excel older than XP/2002 (version 10) COMMicrosoft Excel XP/2002 (version 10) XMLSSMicrosoft Excel 2003 (version 11) XMLSSMicrosoft Excel Viewer 2003 does not workOpenOffice.Org 2.2 XMLSS, if the application Calc

is linked to the extension ‘.xls’

sisHYD Handbook 257

Import/export interfacesExport as gas analysis database

15

Export into other formats

Export as gas analysis databaseOnly for GAS projects export is possible for new Bentley application “gas analysis”. After selecting the menu option “File->Export->Gas analysis”, the dialog “Save file” opens to ask for the file name for the gas analysis project which is to be created.

After input of the desired file name and printing of the memory button export starts. In the status line the export progress is displayed, until the gas analysis project is completely created.

258 sisHYD Handbook

Import/export interfacesExport as WaterCAD/WaterGEMS database

Export as WaterCAD/WaterGEMS databaseOnly for WATER projects export is possible to the Bentley applications “WaterCAD” and “wading suppl. Ems”. After selecting the menu option “File->Export->Gas analysis”, the dialog “Save file” opens to ask for the file name for the WaterCAD project which is to be created.

After input of the desired file name and printing of the memory button export starts. In the status line the export progress is displayed, until the WaterCAD project is completely created.

sisHYD Handbook 259

Import/export interfacesExport as WaterCAD/WaterGEMS database

15

260 sisHYD Handbook

16 Working with PrintPrepPrintPrep in the V8i release is the successor to sisFrame. sisHYD offers a series of interesting co-operation possibilities with the plot tool “PrintPrep”. Compared to normal plotting/printing with MicroStation, many output functions can be automated in combination with PrintPrep. The following section is about linking both programs.

Linking with PrintPrepsisHYD primarily supplies 2 kinds of printed designs:

• Representation of network supervision (network sketch or schematic view)

• Profile plotsFor the documentation of these designs, just the design is usually framed and provided with a text field. This is precisely the task (and additional functions, described below) that PrintPrep executes. PrintPrep enables templates to be prepared, into which design content and additional information is transferred. Using the PrintPrep toolbox, the templates can be used and printed with one click.

PrintPrep ElementsPrintPrep makes possible to produce templates for printing. These templates contain:

• Pure CAD elements, like the border DIN of the canvas.

• Specially marked areas (PrintPrep frames), which are filled at a later point when the template is used.

• Different kinds of placeholders for texts, which are replaced then the template is used.

Basic functions of PrintPrep• Interactive, true to scale selection of design details for place holders in the template

(any rotations can be set).

• Transmission of calculation information into the title block (rotation, scale of required design details, date, time).

sisHYD Handbook 261

Working with PrintPrepSpecial functions of sisHYD for PrintPrep

16

Special functions of sisHYD for PrintPrep• After selection of a detail, no legend is normally present in the selected range.

sisHYD supplies the function (sishyd_legende), with which a PrintPrep viewport is filled with the legend.

• Text functions name the calculation, the project and the variable:

• Evaluation functions for the transmission of calculation results into the plot. All evaluation functions receive the names of the desired network object as argument:

Text function Task:

The argument is the name of the PrintPrep Viewport (to determine the assigned network calculation)“Network”, Name of the calculated network from the dialog NetworkCalculation Name of the calculation from the dialog “static network

calculation”Description Comment on the network calculation from the “stationary

network calculation” dialogProject File name of the last project saveMedium Name of the calculated medium from the “stationary network

calculation” dialog - relevant for gas networksVariable Name of the calculated variable from the dialog “static

network calculation”Not for text nodes, but as argument for the framework mode “sisXXX”,Example: sishyd_legende/Ausschnitt1 writes the legend for the drawing of the PrintPrep framework named “Ausschnitt1” in the marked PrintPrep viewportLegend Draw a legend for a PrintPrep viewport

Name of the evaluation function Task:

The argument is the name of a network objectNode pressure Pressure of a nodeNode temperature Temperature of a nodeNode pressure height Hydraulic pressure of a nodeElement mass flow Mass flow of the elementElement entry flow rate Entry flow rate of an elementElement exit flow rate Exit flow rate of an elementElement entry temperature Entry temperature of an elementElement exit temperature Exit temperature of an elementElement pressure loss Pressure loss of an elementElement entry pressure Entry pressure of an elementElement exit pressure Exit pressure of an elementThe argument is the name of a network object, whereby the running number of the object can be given in alphabetical order above the nameExample: h_versorger_leistung (“#1”) determines the performance of the first supplier

262 sisHYD Handbook


Feeder name Name of a supplierFeeder performance Feeding performance of a supplierFeeder mass flow Mass flow of a supplierFeeder entry flow rate Entry flow rate of a supplierFeeder exit flow rate Exit flow rate of a supplierFeeder entry temperature Entry temperature of a supplierFeeder exit temperature Exit temperature of a supplierFeeder pressure loss Pressure loss of a supplierFeeder entry pressure Entry pressure of a supplierFeeder exit pressure Exit pressure of a supplierPump name Name of a pumpPump number of revolutions Number of revolutions of a pumpPump delivery height Delivery height of a pumpPump performance Electrical performance of a pumpPump mass flow Mass flow of a pumpPump entry flow rate Entry flow rate of a pumpPump exit flow rate Exit flow rate of a pumpPump entry temperature Entry temperature of a pumpPump exit temperature Exit temperature of a pumpPump entry pressure Entry pressure of a pumpPump exit pressure Exit pressure of a pumpValve name Name of an valveValve position Position of an valveValve pressure loss Pressure loss of an valveValve mass flow Mass flow of an valveValve entry flow rate Entry flow rate of an valveValve exit flow rate Exit flow rate of an valveValve entry temperature Entry temperature of an valveValve exit temperature Exit temperature of an valveValve exit pressure Entry pressure of an valveValve entry pressure Exit pressure of an valveThe Argument is the name of an unit-bound evaluation function,Example: h_label(“h_pumpe_druckein”)Label Determine a unit label for an

unit-bound evaluation function.

Name of the evaluation function Task:

sisHYD Handbook 263


16

264 sisHYD Handbook

Glossary

The glossary explains words and terms introduced in the documentation.

Clearing With clearing, removing of all graphic objects under text is meant, so that the text is easy to read.In practice the clearing takes place by distancing text and printing a white surface before printing the text.

Data button The mouse button that is connected with the data point function. For right-handers this is the left mouse button. Left-handed people can switch this data function to the right mouse button.

Hydraulic pressure Is the manometric pressure plus the static pressure of the medium. Calculation formula see Formula (14.40) on page 231.

Hydraulic pressure height Is the manometric pressure plus the static pressure of the medium. Calculation formula see Formula (14.40) on page 231.

Panning Changing the window selection by moving the mouse. If Ctrl+data button is pressed in a viewport and the cursor moved in the desired direction with the data button held down (Ctrl key can be released), the design detail under the mouse moves. The further the cursor moves from the initial click position, the faster the design under the cursor moves.

Reset key The mouse button which is connected to the Reset function. For right-handers this is the right mouse button.Left-handed people can switch this data function to the left mouse button.

Snap distance Range around the cursor in which a graphical element is searched for when the data button is clicked. If an item is situated within this search radius, it is “captured”.The snap distance set to 10 pixels as standard and is represented as a circle around the cursor.

Tentative button The mouse button which is connected with the tentative function. With 3 button mice this is usually the middle mouse button. MicroStation sets the key combination “left + right mouse buttons” as standard.With the tentative function you set a preselection for the next graphical element (options for this through the snap function modes). This preselection must be confirmed with the data key.

Toolbox Synonymous for tool box (the English-language version).

Toolbox Dialog mask with symbols for the manipulation of the graphic. Tool boxes have the feature that they can be attached to the frame of the window. In this mode the dialog title disappears to save space in favor of the diagram.

sisHYD Handbook 265

Glossary

Installation

Data directory The directory in which data processed or produced by the software are stored.Default value is c:\sis_data\

Environment variable Placed holder behind behind which a directory, a file or a certain value is hidden.

Program directory The directory in which the software programs are installed.Default value is c:\programme\Bentley\sishyd V8i\

Site directory Sub-directory \site in Data directory.Default value is c:\sis_data\site\

User directory Sub-directory \user in Data directory. In the standard installation each user receives their own Work directory.Default value is c:\sis_data\user\

Work directory Special data directory which is at the sole disposal of a user while the program is being used. The working directory is designated by sis_local Environment variable.Default value is c:\sis_data\user\sisuser\

266 sisHYD Handbook

Literature

[1] Glück, B.: Heizwassernetze für Wohn- und Industriegebiete; Verlags- und Wirtschaftsgesellschaft der Elektrizitätswerke; Frankfurt (Main), 1985

[2] Hakansson, K.: Handbuch der Fernwärmepraxis; Vulkan-Verlag, Essen, 1986

[3] Jungnickel, D.: Graphen, Netzwerke und Algorithmen; BI-Wissenschaftsverlag, Mannheim, 1990

[4] Schulz, H.: Die Pumpen; Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1977

[5] Swamee, P.K.; Jain, K.A.: Explicit Equations for Pipe-Flow Problems; ASCE Journal of the Hydraulics Division 102 (1976) 5, S. 657-664

[6] Truckenbrodt, E.: Fluidmechanik; Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1980

[7] Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (Hrsg.): VDI-Wärmeatlas: Berechnungsblätter für den Wärmeübergang; VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, 1984

[8] Bronstein, I.N.; Semendjajew, K.A.: Taschenbuch der Mathematik, Verlage Harri Deutsch, Thun und Frankfurt (Main), 1987

[9] Bublitz, D.: Generalbericht des Studienkomitees für Transport und Verteilung: Regelbare Pumpen in großen Fernheiznetzen, Fernwärme International, Adressbuch und Bezugsqullenverzeichnis FBV 85; Nachschlagewerk für die Fernwärmeversorgung mit Generalberichten zum 22. UNICHAL Kongress 95 in Kopenhagen/Dänemark, Verlags- und Wirtschaftsgesellschaft der Elektrizitätswerke, Frankfurt a. M., 1985

sisHYD Handbook 267

Literature

[10] Beecken, J.;Schaper, H.;Tuchs, M.: Zur hydraulischen Betriebssicherheit und Betriebsführung der Fernwärmetransportleitung Hamburg-Wedel, Fernwärme International, Jg. 20 (1991), Heft 12

[11] Kreiselpumpen Lexikon; KSB Aktiengesellschaft, Frankenthal (Pfalz), 1989

[12] Munser, H.: Fernwärmeversorgung; VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1980

[13] Dubbel: Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau, 18. Auflage, 1995, S. K14-K17

[14] VDI/VDE Richtlinie 2173, Strömungstechnische Kenngrößen von Stellventilen und deren Bestimmung

[15] VDI/VDE Richtlinie 2176, Strömungstechnische Kenngrößen von Stellklappen und deren Bestimmung

[16] Früh, K.F.: Berechnung des Durchflusses in Regelventilen mit Hilfe der kv-Koeffizienten, Regelungstechnik, 9 (1957), S. 307-310

[17] AGFW: Arbeitsblatt FW 440-2, 2008

268 sisHYD Handbook

Index

AAdministration

of projects 27Admixture regulations

Edit data 95Alternative

edit 47Assistant

Adopt suggested pipe types 213archive sisHYD data volume 200Combine projects 196Delete customers 207Delete results 204export sisHYD Oracle 202import sisHYD archives 190Import/update customers from Excel 208new project 185sisHYD Oracle import 193Update pipe lengths 211

BBarrier 106Basic map

display 149, 150remove all 28set 28, 204Settings… 28

CCalculation

Adopt suggested pipe typest 213Consumer

construct 129delete generated consumers 207edit 66Edit groups 84produce from customer data 39Zone allocation 66

Consumer groupsEdit data 84

ConventionsDataset names 15Editing data records 19Saving data sets 19

CoordinatesInput of 48

CUSTOMERconstruct 130delete 39, 207

Customerchange to consumers 39Edit a customer’s data 70

Customer configuration 34, 35Customer data

Format 254import 30

import from Excel 29, 35, 253import from Microsoft Excel 29

DDatabase file 26Dataset abbreviation 166Delete

in tables 18Design

Object tracking 149Open/close view 119Profile plot 152Tasks 149

Design fundamentals 219Coefficients of drag at branches 221Gas network with absolute pressure/positive pressure 233Piping 219Pressure charts 231Pumps 220Valves 221

Diagram pathcreate 215Introduction to use 215

DialogAdmixture regulations 95Alternative 47Consumer 66Consumer group 84Customer 70

change to consumers 39Dataset abbreviation 166Difference of pressure regulations 93Drag coefficients 88Drawing Templates 141Edit table 19Mass flow regulations 94Medium Properties 87Network data 43Node 48Pipe 52Pipe class 75Pressure controls 92Pressure maintenance 91Profile plot 152Project note 42Pump 60Pump types 78Selections 150Steady State Network Calculation 97Supplier 63Temperature controls 95Thermal bypasses 96Unsteady State Network Calculation 109Valve types 82Valves 57Zone 45

Difference of pressure regulations

sisHYD Handbook 269

Index

Edit data 93Dimensioning 107

Settings in network calculation 97Display task navigation 149Documentation,

Folder 34Drag coefficients

edit 88Drawing

Configure display 141

EEdit

Delete history 37Examine network data 39Examine pipe lengths 39History display 38Read-only mode 39Redo 37Undo 37

Edit tables 18Excel

ImportPipe classes 252

Import data 250Import/update customers 208Worksheet for imports 251

Exportin Oracle format 33in sisHYD format 33sisHYD archive 200sisHYD Oracle 202to Bentley gas analysis 34to Bentley WaterCAD/WaterGEMSs 34

Exterior temperatureof a pipe 54

FFacilities configuration

Project note 42Feeder

construct 129File

Basic mapremove all 28set 28Settings… 28

Batch print 35Close project 28Edit file 35end 36export

Gas analysis 34sisHYD archive 33sisHYD Oracle 33WaterCAD 34

importCombine projects 29Customer data 30Customer data from Excel 29Pipe classes from Excel 29sisHYD archive 28sisHYD Oracle 28SISNET 29

open folders 34Open project 27Plot/Print 35

Fittingsassign 55

GGIS import 237

HHelp

about sisHYD 180Contents 177Help text bubble 179search 178Settings… 148use 179

IImport

Customer data 29, 30, 35from Excel 253

from Microsoft Excel 250from sisNET 237HR data 237Pipe classes 29, 35Pipe classes from Excel 252sisHYD archive 28, 190sisHYD Oracle save 193sisNET data 29using text file 237

Inflexion pointsedit 54

Insertin tables 18

Installation folder 34Isolation Valve 53

LLoad prognosis 105Localization

Snap distance 22

MMass flow regulations

Edit data 94Medium properties

edit 87Menu

Popups 17

NNetwork calculation

Barrier 106Dimensioning 107Load prognosis 105Options 108Pipe result 56Pressure maintenance 102Regulation 103Settings… 97, 109Supplier 104Transient 110

270 sisHYD Handbook

Index

Network constructionSnap distance 22

Network dataedit 43

NodeEdit data 48move 134Network sketch

construct 123

OObject info 148Objects

Info. from design 148track 149

OperationEdit table 19

PPipe

“Fittings” Tab 55“General” Tab 52“Inflexion Points” Tab 54construct 124Delete inflexion point 136Edit data 52Isolation 53join 137Move inflexion point 135Pipe class 53Pipe class edit 75Pressure loss coefficient 53Recalculate length 211Symmetry with systems with several leaders 53Update length 39Zone allocation 53

Pipe classEdit data 75Pipe 53

Pipe classesimport from Excel 29, 35import from Microsoft Excel 29

Pipes“Result” Tab 56

Popup menus. 17Pressure controls

Edit data 92Pressure loss

Pipe 53Pressure maintenance 102

Edit data 91Print

Batch print 35designs 35

PrintPrepedit

new template 170start 170Toolbox

Quick access 170Profile plot 152

Axis attributes 159Axis types 158

Create path 130Diagram types 153Index “Axes” 158Index “functions” 157Index “layout” 161Index “paths” 155Legend 162Length coordinate synchronisation 162mm grid network 162Search depth for bypasses 163Symbol explanation 156

ProgramPrintPrep 170sisHYD 169sMenu 169

Projectclose 28Comment 42Import Oracle saves 28new 185open 27project 26projects 29

Pumpconstruct 126Edit data 60Pump type 61Zone allocation 61

Pump typePump 61

Pump typesEdit data 78

PumpsEdit type 78

RReadMe 178Read-only mode 39Reference files 28Regulation 103

Edit admixture regulations 95Edit difference of pressure regulations 93Edit flow regulations 94Edit pressure controls 92Edit pressure maintenance 91Edit temperature controls 95Edit thermal. bypasses 96

Reportdraft 113

Right key menus 17

SSelection 150sisHYD

end 36start 169

sisHYD menu 169sisHYD task

A feeders create 129All nodes select 139Create consumer 129Create customer 130Create node 123

sisHYD Handbook 271

Index

Create Pipe 124Create profile path 130Create pump 126Create valve 127Delete inflexion point 136Delete object 137Dialog selection open 139join pipes 137Move inflexion point 135Move network 131Move nodes 134Object process 134Transform network 132

SISNETData import from 29

Snap 21Snap distance

for localization 22Supplier

Edit data 63Network calculation 104Zone allocation 63

SupportLiveMeeting 174

Support meeting 174Symmetry

of pipes 53

TTasks 120Temperature controls

Edit data 95Text interface 237Thermal bypasses

Edit data 96Toolbox

Open/close view 119Search 150sisHYD settings 148

Toolboxesclose 139open 139

Transient 110

UUnits

configure 165

VValidation 39Valve

construct 127Type of valve 58Zone allocation 58

Valve typesEdit data 82

ValvesEdit data 57Edit type 82

Viewsclose 119open 119

WWork directory 34

ZZine

Allocation of a consumer 66Zone

Allocation of a pipe 53Allocation of a pump 61Allocation of a supplier 63Allocation of an valve 58edit 45

272 sisHYD Handbook

Index

sisHYD Handbook 273

Index

274 sisHYD Handbook

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Documents