shyama ramani, unu-merit and maastricht university
TRANSCRIPT
Starting from the bottom of
the income pyramid (BoP)
A presentation for WAME
Expo Milano 2015. June 17.
Role of :Renewable Energy,
Technology & Innovation
By Shyama V. Ramani
UNU-MERIT&
Friend In Need India
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Base of the Pyramid (BOP) Reality
UNITED NATIONS MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Lack access to electricity or reliable electricity Use of biomass fuels for cooking – walking to get the wood Lack of access to water or safe drinking water – walking to get water Lack of access or lower preference for toilets & waste management Lack of education Lack of healthcare
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Why do we need to change the BOP reality?
Because it’s not fair or just that people should live without basics…
But also because we have a LOT to gain … We get a warm glow from doing good… Companies can increase their profit by selling to them… We can all learn from serving them… Even companies can learn…. Mainstream consumers will be loyal and tend to buy from
companies which are doing good in the long run… And thus changing the BoP reality is a SMART way to fight
polarization, targeted hatred against groups, distress emigration, terrorism and climate change…
From Energy, poverty and development – UNDP (2010)
Where are the energy poor?
55
Source : IFC – World bank group (2006) The Next Four Billion
• - Improving the Quality of Life of the 4 bn people living in poverty through innovative solutions and –0-comprehensive business models: • - not charity• - creating value for
business and society• through multi-sector
collaboration
Where’s energy in the BoP markets?
Installation of the Solar drier in Kameswaram beach September 2008
Sun - the fabulous renewable source & my Solar Saga.
Training fisherwomen thereafter
A Fence is needed ! And a Lock ! And Ownership Rights !
By 2009 – a new safety hazard in the village
2011-2013
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Moral of the story…..for renewable energy for the BoP..Go through the checklist for successful diffusion…
innovation satisfies technological and social appropriateness
Available
Technology design
Confirm/Createdemand
Confirm need
Confirmsustained use
Confirmadoption and
growth
Adequate knowledge and skills to use innovation
Supporting financial schemes
Maintenance services
Incentive schemes for sustained use and continuous innovation
Regulation to ensure safety
Accessible
Affordable
Social protocols
Context requirements
Delivery design
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Mirror Mirror on the wall – which is the best innovation of them all?
P.S.- for the BoP setting?
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Mirror Mirror on the wall – which is the best product or technology or innovation
of them all? P.S.- for the BoP setting?
?
?
Why ? Because life is about keeping up with the Joneses …. And catching-up with the non-BoP communities…
Low demand for nontraditional cookstove technologiesBy Mobarak et al. (2011)
If it’s only for the poor you might as well give it free …
Benefits of Harvesting Urine (Courtesy: SCOPE, Trichy India)
• Conservation of water and infrastructure (water and waste water)
• Energy Conservation
• Use as fertilizer (Direct application, struvite, composting, etc.)
• Use as industrial feed stock (NH3, H2)
• Improved wastewater treatment
You can improve access to sustainable energy without a lot of money also….
Sustainable energy with new behavioural routines
Ecosan ProgramImplementation atBangalore, India
Source:Lokesh
Urine & Faeces
Fertilizer
Urine
Source : GTZ
Human Excreta is a Potent Fertilizer An
example
(Courtesy: SCOPE, Trichy India)
SCOPE, Trichy 18
Food Waste
Bio digester Bio gas
Food waste and kitchen waste can be converted into good manure and also for production of gas for cooking
(Courtesy: SCOPE, Trichy India)
For this, we need to “change the ownership of the
energy discussion. It is not about poor people’s energy access
— it is about green power period”*.
*http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2013/04/why-africa-is-missing-the-solar-electricity-boat.html
“The message is paradoxical – in Europe, solar is for the green-minded middle class
and rich. In Africa, solar is for disenfranchised communities in distant off-
grid counties.”*
*http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2013/04/why-africa-is-missing-the-solar-electricity-boat.html
Sustainability – over time and for environment = Quality
Availability – over space in sufficient quantity;
Affordability – within their budget;
Aspirational – it should symbolize catching-up and not being ….poor; Attractive – things for the poor is often equated to being ugly; Repairability – poor cannot afford to throw away;
Safe – things for the poor are usually low in quality.
At the micro-level – for sustainable energy for all
For any solution - Think - SAAAARS
Policy – there is a need to rewrite policies, regulatory frames promoting sustainability and access; enabling environment; Industrial capabilities – in renewable energy Sectors; Manpower, scientific, technological and innovative. Incentives – via Industrial policy, competition policy, S&T;
Partnership – Need for creative partnerships;
Leaders – Leaders among firms, among bureaucrats, among scientists and among social enterprises must emerge. Entrepreneurship – of all kinds – institutional, techno, business, scientific is needed.
At the macro-level – for sustainable energy for all - Think
PIIPLE
Thank You for
Listening !