short xsorb

Xsorb eco technology b.v.

Extending Solar Heatto its seasonal limits

Presentation of Xsorb eco-technologies rev 2 15 October 2009 by A. Minkkinen

Energy Store

VentilationHumidity Adsorption

Solar De-sorptionDrying

Xsorb eco-technology

Heat

Solar Energy

In-situ


Energy Box

VentilationHumidity Adsorption

Recovered Heat De-sorption Drying

Xsorb eco-technology

Heat

Industrial & Bio Waste Energy

Ex-situ


Winter WinterSummer

Solar Energy Heating / Storage Paradox

3.0

2.0

1.0

MWh/a

Excess Solar

Direct Solar Contribution

EnergyStore

Space heating demand curve

Solar irradiation supply curve


Humid Heat Energy

The sources are many:• Intake of outside humid air• Cooking generated boil off steam• Bathroom ventilation• Clothes washing and drying generated vent streams• Purposely generated humidity from humidifiers• Human, animal and green plant respiration• Liberated gas from candle wax combustion

also

Combustion flue gas from water heaters


Humid Heat Recovery

Condensation on a heat transfer surface Recovers heat of water condensation

at ever lowering temperatures

Adsorption on a solid surface

Recovers heat of water adsorption at a useful temperature


Humid Heat Energy

How much heat when condensed??

2 300 kJ / kg of waterOr

2.3 MJ / kg


Adsorption Heat Energy

How much heat when adsorbed ??? Heat of water condensation 2.3 MJ/kg

plus

heat of wetting from 0.5 to1.7 MJ/kg (wet to dry)

Average heat of water adsorption

3.4 MJ / kg of water over cycle


Space Heating…. Xsorb with Solar Contribution

Humid stale room air

Warm fresh air

from every room

Heat Exchanger

Floor heat

Kitchen

Expelledair

Freshair

Shower


Xsorb Residential Air Heating Process

Higher duty dryPFHE

Warm fresh air to roomsCold freshair

Expelled stale room air

21 C & 60 % rH

33 C

0 C

28 C

Dry coolVentilated

air

5 C Kitchen ShowerEnergyStore

28 C

Laundry


10

20

Heat Duty kW

Heat Exchange Curves

0

30

0

Dry PFHE

5 degree C approach

Xsorb Air Heating40

EnergyStoreAdsorption heat

Ventilated humid room temperature

Fresh warm air

5 degree C approach

DegreeC


Basic Xsorb with Solar Air Heating Process

PFHE

Warm fresh air to rooms

36 C

30 C

Kitchen Shower

EnergyStore

30 C

30 - 40 C

Laundry Rooms


EnergyStore Solar Storage Battery Concept

EnergyStore “Storage Battery”

Moistair

Solar Panel

“Charger”

Hot water

Hot air

Summer air


Example

Seasonal energy consumption of a super insulated

150 m2 house built to 2015 EU recommended residential space heating duty

15 kWh/m2 equivalent to 55 MJ /m2

thus:55 MJ/m2 x 150 m2 = 8 250 MJ

8.3 GJ


Solar Contribution

Then 0.8 x 8.3 GJ = 6.6 GJ needs to be provided

by the EnergyStore solar battery

If 20 % is considered as the direct solar fraction


Based on EU ventilation standard of 50 m3/h/person

@ inside comfort of 50% humidity & 20 degree C

• A house with 4 persons living inside ventilates stale humid air with roughly 4 200 kg of water vapor in a typical heating season

• with only 50 % recovery 2 100 kg of water is adsorbed• The adsorption heat recovered to useful house

space heating @ 3.1 MJ/kg

is 2 100 kg x 3.1 MJ/kg = almost 6 600 MJ

volume of adsorbent required would be

6 600 MJ / 800 MJ/m3 around 8.0 m3

Example

Ventilation Humid Heat Recovery


Example

Conclusion

Requires less than 2 %

of the house volume

150 m2 house volume with 3 meter high ceiling

150 m2 X 3 m = 450 m3

thus:8.0 m3 / 450 m3 = 0.0177

Xsorb Drawing Revision 0 12/01/10 by AAM

Xsorb Process in Adsorption Heating ModeFront end view

Fresh air inlet

Vent dry air

Heat exchanger

EnergyStore

Glazed hybrid PV/thermal solar

panel

Humid room air

Humid room air

Humid room air

Warm air

Warm air

Warm airWarm air

Xsorb heated dry air

Warm air duct

Vent air duct

ID axial fan

Dark PV cell surface

Air space Not used

Warm air

Hot waterCV

Humid room air

Windowclosed

Xsorb Drawing Revision 0 12/01/10 by AAM

Xsorb Process in Recharging ModeBack end view

Ambient air inlet

Cooled moist air vent

Hybrid Thermal/PVSolar panel

EnergyStore

Solar heated hot air inlet connectionat the opposite end

Warm moist air

Preheated fresh air

FD axial fan

Inlet air header

Hot air header

ID axial fan

used

used

Dormer room


The Ex-Situ Option ; Uses higher temperature waste heat from

an electric power plant or bio-gas fired generator• This becomes a pipe-less “district heating”

concept; the adsorbent is the energy carrier• dried adsorbent is delivered to customers

once, twice or three times during heating season

The power plant becomes “greener”

Regeneration Options


• High temperature regeneration yields drier adsorbent thus higher energy store capacity

• Allows the use of higher exothermic heat performance adsorbents such as zeolites

• Allows the energy store volume to be very much smaller

• Residential application becomes simpler at lower investment cost

• Allows the potential Xsorb market to also include retrofit to existing homes

Ex-Situ Regeneration

Many Advantages


• Solar energy collected in situ from roof top panels • Warm summer air• Heat recovered from all hot water drains• Any other waste heat available in situ• Heat generated by non-fossil energy sources

In-Situ Recharging

The most ecological optionuses:


Heat energy• heat adsorbent bed to around 40 °C• heat carrier gas to between 50 to 70 °C

This slowly evaporates water from adsorbent

Carrier gas• heated outside air• heated inside dry air

This carries water vapor from adsorbent

Recharging Requirements


Cost effective in-situ use of solar energy

• Leak free solar heat storage• summer use gets fully valorized • good combination with hybrid air & water cooled PV

solar technologies• Ideal for newly built “green” buildings

Nearly complete elimination

of fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions in space heating

Conclusion

short xsorb

Documents

solar heat

stale humid air

minkkinen humid heat

minkkinen basic xsorb

energystore adsorption

heat duty

heat of wetting

minkkinen solar contribution