shop safety – best practiceswiagribusiness.org/safety/petska_vehicle.pdf · 7/8/2015 1...
TRANSCRIPT
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Vehicle/Equipment Maintenance
Blocking, Cribbing, & Bracing
Lock Out / Tag Out (LOTO)
General Best Practices
Be Prepared! Agricultural industries can be
unpredictable.
Use the correct equipment for the job! Do not
use an inappropriate tool just because it is
readily available.
Take the time to get the right tool/equipment.
Shields and fixed guards – Are these intact
and in working order?
PTO Shields – They are installed for a reason!
Is fixed guarding in place on and around
oscillating and rotating parts?
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Seat belts and ROPS (Roll Over Protective Structures)
All open cab tractors should have these two items, older model tractors can be retrofitted!
Research shows that when used in combination, seat belts/ROPS are 98% effective in preventing death and serious injury in the event of a tractor roll over.
General checks and inspections……
High pressure hydraulic hoses and fittings
Remote and rear view cameras – Working?
Mirrors/window condition
Seat belt condition
Wheel bearings
Steering/tie rods
Brakes
Load securing chains and straps
Equipment with cabs – Does the heating and air conditioning work?
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When parking equipment such as tractors and
skid steers make sure the loaders and
implements are not suspended in the air!
Kids love to play with equipment
Unless the equipment has electro-hydraulic
values, the loader/implement will drop when
the levers are pulled!
Lock Out / Tag Out (LOTO)
and Servicing Vehicles and
Equipment
LOTO
Many companies count on their vehicles and equipment to be in top-notch condition. After all, life is good at work when your machines are running smoothly. But, all good things come to an end, and you can count on your equipment needing service, maintenance, and repairs from time to time
You want to keep downtime to a minimum, however, and workers can be tempted to make a quick fix without making absolutely sure the equipment won’t start up or release stored energy during the repair. If it does start up, there can easily be a serious injury or a death. That’s the reason for having lockout/tagout (LOTO) procedures.
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OSHA’s Lockout/Tagout Standard
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates lockout/tagout through the Control of Hazardous Energy standard, found at 29 CFR §1910.147. This standard mandates training, audits, and recordkeeping to ensure that workers will not be unintentionally injured by the unexpected energization, start-up, or release of electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, thermal, or any other type of energy
Does It Apply to Vehicle
Servicing and Maintenance? Yes, it does. Accidents have occurred and
continue to occur from inadequate hazardous
energy control during vehicle/equipment
servicing and maintenance activities.
The standard includes any and all vehicles
including both commercial and agricultural
equipment.
The OSHA standard’s coverage includes vehicles, such
as, but not limited to, automobiles, trucks, tractors,
refrigeration transport vehicles, and material
handling equipment.
For purposes of vehicle servicing and maintenance,
hazardous energy refers to:
Mechanical motion
Potential energy due to pressure, gravity, or springs;
Battery-generated electrical energy;
Thermal energy, including chemical energy; and
Other forms of energy, which can cause injury to employees
working in, on, or around machines or equipment
Controlling Hazardous Energy on Vehicles
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Energy Control Program
OSHA’s 29 CFR 1910.147 standard requires
employers to develop an energy control
program:
That is tailored to the workplace/equipment,
and…
Will protect employees performing servicing and
maintenance tasks from the release of
hazardous energy.
Due to the nature and unique aspects of
vehicle maintenance and servicing
activities, you must take feasible measures
to prevent an engine from being started.
However, the simple control step of
removing the ignition key may not, in all
cases, adequately control other types of
vehicle hazardous energy, such as is the
case with the positioning of the vehicle or
its components (e.g., buckets, booms,
blades, attachments/implements). These
and other hazards require careful
evaluation and selection of additional
hazard-specific control measures.
Removing the Ignition Key
Manufacturers’ Servicing and Maintenance Guidelines
It is essential for employers to consult
with and incorporate specific vehicle manufacturer servicing and maintenance guidelines (e.g., operating manuals and bulletins) and other relevant materials to establish the hazardous energy control procedures. These manuals and materials often provide specific step-by-step instructions on how to safely perform servicing or maintenance tasks.
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There are circumstances when it is
necessary to re-energize the vehicle
or a component to accomplish a
particular task (e.g., diagnostic
testing; maintenance
troubleshooting; vehicle or
component positioning). OSHA does
allow energization for testing or
positioning purposes, as specified in
§1910.147(f)(1), but only for the
limited time during which it is
necessary to test or reposition the
vehicle or component.
Troubleshooting, Testing, and
Component Positioning
Working Safely
Employers have to develop LOTO
procedures and train workers to follow
them. If you cut corners on these
procedures, there is potential for
equipment downtime, accidents, OSHA
inspections and citations, and possible
death.
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Why is safety such an important issue when
lifting?
Lifting or applying loads is dangerous work.
Failure of any component can result in
failure of the lift. Loads can be dropped
causing damage to the equipment, facilities,
and even the worker.
Agricultural equipment is often large and
uniquely shaped
Service work often requires this equipment
to be lifted and/or suspended to safely
perform the task.
Never solely rely upon equipments hydraulic
system to keep raised equipment suspended.
Don’t be lulled into forgetting that any
lifting tool can potentially fail!
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Several different pieces of lifting equipment
that can be used to perform lifts.
Make sure your lifting equipment has a data
capacity plate, or tag. Choose the right tool
for the job!
NEVER EXCEED THE CAPACITY OF YOUR
LIFTING EQUIPMENT!
Engine or Motor Lift
Used for lifting smaller engines and motors -
straight up lift
JIB Crane
Stationary - Swivels or Rotates
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Gantry Crane
Also referred to as a “A Frame Hoist”
Hoist or
Boom Truck
Powered Industrial Vehicles
Skid Steers
Front End Loaders
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Hydraulic Jacks and Lifts
Some of the most commonly used equipment
in the shop
Hydraulic Lifts
Commonly used when servicing service needs
to be performed under a piece of equipment.
Blocking – to support, strengthen, or keep in
place by means of a block.
Cribbing – a type of support or block which is
created by alternating multiple timbers or
other supports.
Cribbing is used when equipment must be
supported at heights greater than blocking
can provide.
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Jack stands are the best equipment for
blocking.
Rule of thumb for blocking
devices…blocking height should never be
taller than twice the width of the blocking
base.
Other blocking safety measures should be
taken especially when dealing with hydraulic
cylinders. LOTO needs to be practiced.
Load locks should be put on hydraulic
cylinders to avoid settling and the release of
hazardous energy.
All major skid steer manufacturers are now
including boom locks or safety pins on their
skid steers.
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Use suitable timbers when creating a crib for
equipment. For large ag./commercial
equipment nothing smaller than 4” x 4”
material should be used.
A firm and level surface is paramount for
cribbing. The first layers are extremely
important!
While wood is suitable for cribbing practices,
it should not be used for blocking.
Slings/straps, chain, and wire rope are common
items used when lifts are performed.
When rigging consider the loads weight, center
of gravity, pickup points, and structural integrity.
Use a stabilizing line if necessary!
Visually inspect all lift equipment prior to using
it!
Sling/Chain use – 29 CFR 1910.184
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Wire rope is rarely used because it frays
easily and can create dangerous energy if it
snaps.
Nylon straps are chosen over wire for ease of
use and to protect the load.
Straps – Straps are chosen when moving or
lifting fragile, expensive, polished, or odd
shaped items.
Straps conform to your lifting object, this
secures the object so it does not slip
Straps can be multiple ply and can elongate
or stretch 6% to 8%
Straps can also handle different work load
limits depending on the technique used
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Watch out for signs of wear near stress points
on straps.
Also use pads on straps when lifting objects
with sharp corners
Chain – the size, grade, and material of chain
correlates with its work load limit.
Chain can be used for a variety of functions
Like all other lifting devices and equipment,
it is important to never exceed the work load
limit of chain.
Before using chain for any type of lifting – make sure you have the right size and grade chain for the job!
5 different grade of chain
Grade 30 – Low carbon steel – dog chain
Grade 40/43 – Boat anchors, windlasses
Grade 70 – Transport / die down chain
Grade 80 – Alloy steel – lift chain
Grade 100 – Heat tempered high strength lift chain
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Grade 80 and 100 lift chain must meet strict
standards – it must be break tested, fatigue
tested, and x-rayed
If it meets standards it will be tagged stating
size, grade, and work load rating
Lift chain can be engineered
in a variety of different
formations to suit every need.
ALL LIFT CHAIN SHOULD BE
TAGGED WITH A VISIBLE
WORKING LOAD LIMIT!
Inspect any chain that you may use before
each use!
Look for wear on the inside of the links, also
look for any deformed links
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Make sure you use the right tools for the job!
Inspect, inspect, inspect…take the time to
visually inspect all your equipment prior to
using it.
Follow work load limits and data capacity
tags on your lifting equipment.
If you don’t know how much your load
weighs or it you don’t know what your chain
or straps work load limit is…don’t perform
the lift.
If you need this information, contact the
manufacturer.
Use common sense…don’t take chances!
A few more items to keep in mind…
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Common culprits – tool boxes, empty boxes,
work benches, spare parts, forklifts,
creepers, air hoses, electrical cords
Remember to lift with your legs and not your
back!
Use the lifting equipment that is available
and ask for help.
The shape of an object is
sometimes more of an issue than
the weight, use lifting aids!
All abrasive wheels should be inspected before
each use for wear and cracks.
This is also a great time to adjust guards and
tool rests!
Pedestal and bench grinders need to be
mounted.
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Wearing jewelry, loose clothing, or having
long hair around rotating and oscillating tools
is extremely dangerous.
Fingers and limbs can potentially be severed
if caution is not taken.
Several deaths occur each year due to
entanglement.
Make sure any cords with exposed electrical
wires are replaced. This includes cords with
cracks, nicks, cuts, etc.
Cord ends often times need to be replaced due
to exposed wires and broken ground plugs.
Shops should not have any unidentified
material in pails, buckets, or totes.
If you have waste materials, find a large
storage container for them to consolidate.
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Use a ladder when necessary, do not use or stand
on boxes, pallets, tires, etc.
Inspect the ladder before each use and never use
the top step.
Select the right tool for the job! Especially
when it comes to hand tools.
Tasks can get accomplished by many
different tools, but which is the safest?
Make sure all used oils, gas, diesel, etc. are
cleared out of the way before beginning any hot
work.
Keep equipment clean, especially hoses!
Keep limited combustibles near your work
station.