SMART DOOR

SMART DOORPresented By:Mahesh Patil Guided by:- Mrs. Rashmi singhShivnaresh Likhar Technical guide:- Mr. Imran baig

Contents1. Problem description Introduction2. Introduction3. Block diagram4. Working principle5. Components List6. Software requirement 7. Hardware implementation8. Flow chart9. How do Smart doors work?10.Advantages11.Limitations12.Further Improvements13.References

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Problem Description

Opening and closing of doors is always a tedious job, especially in places like shopping malls, hotels and theatres where a person is always required to open the door for visitors.

For people in wheelchairs (disabled persons), it is very difficult to open the door.

Introduction Smart door system provides advance automation for owners. You must have seen automatic door openers in shopping malls, theatres and commercial buildings. These systems are used to open the door when a person comes near to the entrance of the door and close it after entered into the door.

This project proposes a system of automatic opening and closing of door by sensing any body movement near the door. This is achieved with the help of a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor.

Block Diagram8MEGA328MICRO -CONTROLLERPIR SENSORLM 7805 ICPOWER SUPPLYBulb

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Working principle

Smart door project system work on the principle of motion detector, here in this project Passive Infrared sensor used as motion detecting component.

Amotion detectoris a device that detects moving objects, particularly people.

Passive infrared sensors are sensitive to a person's skin temperature or heat.they detect the infrared radiation emitted from person.

A motion detector is often integrated as a component of a system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an area.

Components List Microcontroller (Atmega328)Passive Infrared SensorRelay Driver IC(ULN2003A)Crystal OscillatorVoltage Regulator IC(7805) SPDT RelayBridge RectitfierResistor and Capacitor12 Volt Adapter

1.) ATMEGA328 MicrocontrollerTheATmega328is a singlechip microcontrollercreated byAtmelin themegaAVR family.

Specification:The Atmel8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 32kBISP flash memory with read write capabilities, 1KB EEPROM, 2Kb SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose workingregisters

The device operates between 1.8-5.5 volts. The device achieves approaching 1MIPS

The ATmega328 is, low-powered and low-cost micro-controller

2.) Passive InfraredSensorA passive infraredsensor(PIR sensor) is an electronicsensorthat measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view.

Infrared radiation enters through the front of the sensor, known as the sensor face.

Materials commonly used in PIR sensors includegallium nitride(GaN),caesium nitrate(CsNO3),polyvinyl fluorides, andcobaltphthalocyanine.

Operating temperature: 0 to 50 C

Sensitivity range:up to 15-20 feet

3.) ULN 2003ATheULN2003Ais anarrayof seven NPNDarlington transistorscapable of 500mA, 50V output.

The ULN2003 is known for its high-current, high-voltage capacity.

Typical usage of the ULN2003A is indriver circuitsforrelays, lamp andLED displays, stepper motor.

4.) Crystal OscillatorA crystal oscillator is anelectronic oscillatorcircuit that uses a mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency.

The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits designed around them became known as crystal oscillators.

Typical crystal oscillator frequencies range between 1.8 and 70 MHz.

These quartz crystal oscillators are highly stable, consists of good quality factor, they are small in size, and are very economical.

5.) 7805 ICThe 7805 is the most common voltage regulator.

its regulated 5-volt supply provides a convenient power source..

The LM7805 is a monolithic three 3-pin IC.

Pin 1(Input Pin): The Input pin is the pin that accepts the incoming DC voltage, which the voltage regulator will eventually regulate down to 5 volts.

Pin 2(Ground): Ground pin establishes the ground for the regulator.

Pin 3(Output Pin): The Output pin is the regulated 5 volts DC.

6.)SPDT RelaySPDT stand for Single Pole Double Throw.In this relay common terminal connects to either of two others. Including two for the coil, such a relay has five terminals in total.The coil voltage on this relay is rated at 12VDC, and the load current is rated up to 10A.Features:12VDC SPDT RelayRated up to 10AFully Sealed

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7.) Bridge Rectifier:A bridge rectifier is an arrangement of four or more diodes in a bridge circuit configuration.

It is used for converting an alternating current (AC) input into a direct current (DC) output.

Software RequirementEAGLE 7.5.0 EAGLEstands for,EasilyApplicableGraphicalLayoutEditor. EAGLE contains aschematic editor, for designingcircuit diagrams.

Arduino 1.6.5 Arduinois a software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures computeropen-source hardware,open-source software, andmicrocontroller-based kits for building digital devices

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Hardware implementationPCB Design Process

Layout AttachedEtchingDrillingSolder PlatingComponents PlacingSolderingPath testingPCB Testing

Layout Diagram

Schematic Diagram

Flow ChartSTART8MEGA328MICROCONTROLLERPIR SENSORBulb

I/P LOWI/P HIGHDOOR

How do Smart doors work?A live body generally emits infrared energy and when a body approaches within the operating range of the PIR sensor. PIR sensor the change in temperature to equivalent voltage and this signal is called sensing signal.

This sensing signal is fed to 8mega328 microcontroller by PIR sensor and 8mega328 microcontroller sends a logical command to motor driver IC for appropriate action. The door automatically closes with a fixed time delay. If there is no further movement within the PIR operating range.

Advantages of smart door:For people in wheelchairs and other disabled individuals, automatic doors are an immense boon, since conventional doors can be very hard to work with. It may be impossible to open a conventional door while seated in a wheelchair.

In hospital and scientific labs, automatic doors can be used to secure an area by ensuring that the door are shut at all times, while reducing the risk of cross-contamination since people do not need to handle the doors to pass through them.

Automatic doors can also be useful in warehouses and other facilities where people frequently have their hands full, contributing to safety and efficiency by making it easier for people to get around.

LimitationsThe reliability of a motion sensor may also be affected by rapid environmental changes and direct sunlight. Also, things like a fireplace, and direct wind from an air conditioner or heater. This is because a PIR sensor actually detects changes in infrared energy - specifically, the "heat energy" emitted by normal human skin temperature.

PIR sensor is going to have trouble if youre walking out to the pool on a hot day, or back in from a snowball fight in a heavy winter coat.

Further Improvements For an improved, effective system to be implemented and achieved, the following suggestion should be considered for further work.A better sensor is recommended to achieve new functionality. For instance, a suitable sensor such as microwave sensor, ultrasonic sensor and radar sensor that could detect goods in any vehicle. To achieve full automation, a real time system should be employed and a closed circuit television (CCTV) system provided for proper monitoring and security purposes.The system can be later enhanced by integrating counter mechanism or arrangement for keeping a record of entry and exit of people at particular place.

Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_infrared_sensorhttp://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/automatic-door-opener-project-using Arduino http://www.slideshare.net/indira_kundu/report-on-automatic-doorhttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/x11fgbb_movement-sensed-automatic-door-opening-system-engineering-projects_techhttp://www.datasheetarchive.com/ULN2003%20features-datasheet.htmlhttp://services.eng.uts.edu.au/pmcl/de/Downloads/Lecture04.pdf http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Atmega328-pinout.phphttps://www.parallax.com/sites/default/files/downloads/555-28027-PIR-Sensor-Product-Guide-v2.3.pdf