1

Shinkansen ~The High-Speed Rail

System in Japan~

May 18th, 2010

Consulate General of Japan in San Francisco

2

1. Japan’s HSR --- Shinkansen’s Profile

2. Effects of HSR

Contents

1964 Opening of Tokaido Shinkansen

1958 Decision to construct Tokaido Shinkansen

Background

Process

・Transportation demand increase

Tokaido Line b/w Tokyo and Osaka

・Necessity of High speed mass

transportation

Railway

・High economic growth in 1950s

・Decision to hold

Economy

→Increased movement of people and goods

Tokyo Olympics in 1964

Birth of Shinkansen

1. Japan’s HSR

4

Planning stage ･･･ 333miles

In operation ･･･ 1,360miles

Under construction ･･･ 396miles

Kyushu Shinkansen

(Nagasaki Route)

FY 2017*

Kyushu Shinkansen

(Kagoshima Route)

FY 2010*

Hokuriku Shinkansen

FY 2014*

Hokkaido Shinkansen

FY 2015*

* Scheduled Completion Year

Nagano

Hachinohe

OkayamaHakata

TokyoShin-Osaka

Niigata

Morioka

Kagoshima-

Chuo

Nagasaki

Shin-Yatsushiro

Shin-Aomori

Sapporo

Shin-Hakodate

Nagoya

Kanazawa

* * Scheduled Opening Year

Shinkansen Network

Tohoku

Shinkansen

Tohoku Shinkansen

Dec. 2010* *

Joetsu

Shinkansen

San’yo

Shinkansen

Tokaido

Shinkansen

The Transition of Shinkansen Ridership

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004

Million passengers 346 mil. Passengers (FY2008)

5

6

construction, ownership and operation

Japanese National Railways(JNR)

JNR was privatized and divided into 7 companies.

1987 JNR Reform

(public company)

Privatization of Japanese National Railways

Hokkaido Railway Co.

East Japan Railway Co.

Central Japan Railway Co.

West Japan Railway Co.

Shikoku Railway Co.

Kyushu Railway Co.

6 passenger railway companies

1 freight railway companyJapan Freight Railway Co.

Completion of selling the stocks

owned by the government

JR East : in 2002

JR Central : in 2006

JR West : in 2004

3 companies were excluded

from the jurisdiction of the JR

Law in 2001

7

Tokaido, Sanyo, Tohoku, & Joetsu Shinkansen

: Covered mainly by Loan

After the Reform of Japanese National Railways (JNR)

in 1987

Shinkansen has been constructed as public works.

: Covered mainly by

Subsidies from the National & Local

Governments

1959 ～

～ Today

Scheme Change of Construction Cost

8

OkayamaHakata Nagoya TokyoShin-Osaka

19721975 1964

・ No Legal Scheme Specific to Shinkansen Construction

- JNR constructed them as track additions to conventional lines.

・ The construction cost was covered by loan with interest.

・ For Tokaido Shinkansen, the World Bank (IBRD) Loan amounting

to 28.8 billion yen ($80 million) was provided, which was about 7.5%

of the total cost (about 380 billion yen).

Tokaido ShinkansenSanyo Shinkansen

Scheme of Shinkansen Construction before JNR ReformTokaido・Sanyo Shinkansen

9

JR (Private Company)

（Operation of the Shinkansen）

JRTT* (Government Agency)

（Construction and ownership of

Infrustructure）

Lease of

Facilitis

○ Separation of construction and operation

*JRTT: The Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency

Lease

Fee

Payment

National Government

• National (2/3) and local (1/3) governments bear financing

burden for the Shinkansen infrastructure. (Public works)

2

Local Governments

67 % 33 %

1

○ Financing

Scheme of Shinkansen Construction after JNR Reform

10

Share of Passenger Transport Modes According to Distance

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 6

Distance

Sh

are

of

Pass

en

ger

Tra

nsp

ort

ati

on

0～60 60～190 190～310 310～470 470～630 630～0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

50%

Railway

Automobile Airplane

Ship

(miles) [km]

[0～100] [100～300] [300～500] [500～750] [750～1,000] [1,000～]

The distance zone that Shinkansen demonstrates its

competitiveness : 300～450miles (travel time: 2～4hrs.)

2. Effects of HSR

Area around Shin-Yokohama St.

1962

1964( immediately after opening)

In 1965, next year of

Shinkansen opening,

Land adjustment of 200

acre started and

completed in 1980.

19miles from Tokyo Station

3.1miles from the center of

Yokohama-city

Shinkansen

Conventional line

Regional Development

11

Area around Shin-Yokohama St.・Creation of new business area

・Connection with center city by subway (1985)

・Construction of event arena & sports arena (2002 FIFA World Cup)

New Development Area

Now… Front entrance of Yokohama City

Event arena

Sports arena

Regional Development

Shin-Yokohama St.

12

13

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

196619711976198119861991199620012006

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

Regional Development

The number of passengers

using Shin-Yokohama St.

of Shinkansen

(passengers)

The number of commercial

buildings and population

around Shin-Yokohama St.

(Buildings) population(person)

1966 1976 1986 19961971 1981 1991 2001

2006

Area around Sakudaira St.Before 148 acre development around the station

Planned Station

103miles from Tokyo Station

0.93miles from the center of Saku-city

Sakudaira St. is connected with

the conventional line

Hokuriku

Shinkansen

Conventional line

Regional Development

14

Area around Sakudaira St.(10years after opening)= Year 2007

Regional Development

15

佐久

平駅

Hoku

riku S

hin

kanse

n

Sakudaira St.

Site location around Sakudaira st.

Exchange and relaxation

Commercial and amusement

establishments

Administrative and parking

Residential and others

16

人口増加の推移

0.90

0.95

1.00

1.05

1.10

1.15

1.20

1.25

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

人口

の増

加指

数

佐久平駅周辺地域佐久市駅所在地域長野県国

着工

開業

Regional Development

Increase of the population in the area around Sakudaira St.

(1990=1.00)

1991:start ofconstruction 1997:Opening of Hokuriku Shinkansen

Nation

Nagano Prefecture

Areas around railway station

Saku city

Area around Sakudaira St.

17

International Cooperation

Japanese rail technology has contributed to

the success of the HSR in Taiwan, China,

and UK.

18

Thank you very much

for your attention.