)(I 3 .

:

.1 )( .2

.1 x .2 - .3 .4 IR .5

2-1.

. . .

B A D C

aA + bB cC + dD B A D C

aA + bB = cC+dD

Keq = acC adD aaA abB Keq . a = fc K = [C]c [D]d

a

) (

. :

1

2

3

2-2. 0.10M . 5-01 Ka = 1.8 x-

2HC2H3O2 = H+ + C2H3O ] 2[HC2H3O

5-01 Ka = [H+][C2H3O2-] = 1.8 x ]-2[H+] = [C2H3O = 5-01 1.8 x 2]-2[C2H3O ]-20.10 - [C2H3O

-2 ... 2 ]2 [-C2H3O 0/1 8.1 2]-2x 10-5 = [C2H3O 01.0 [C2H3O2-] = 1.3x10-3M %5 < %3.1 = 0011.3x10-3 x 1.0 .

. . : .

15ml 0.1ml 5.6ml 5.7ml . 0.02ml . 5.64ml

. . : 0/354310 1/4444 252/63 41/597

1

2. . 02/10 52/20 . 0/5421 0/22220 0/0354000

3. . 5 4/257 : 4/3257 5 . 21/644 : 21/8544

5 1/21 : 1/6511 5 . 4/25 : 4/0525 2/87 2/0577

-

H2O = H+ + OH H2O + H2O = H3O+ + OH 61-01Kd = [H+][OH-] = 1.82x

]H2O

[ ] [H2O ] -Kw = Kd [H2O] = [H+][OH

2-1.

)(C5 51 02 42 52 03 53 54 55

41-01)Kw(x581.0 154.0 186.0 000.1 800.1 964.1 980.2 810.4 692.7

2-3. 52 C 5-01 1.52x

41-01 Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.01 x [41-01 H+] (1.52x10-5)= 1.01 x [H+] = 6.64x10-1M

.

2-4. 3 +Fe -SCN 52 C 0.0100M . FeSCN2+ 0.0044M . +2Fe3+ + SCN- = FeSCN

2]+Kf = [FeSCN ] [ [ Fe3+] = [SCN-] = 0.010.0044 = 0.0056 M = Kf 4400.0 201= 1.4x-

Fe3+][SCN

6500.0 )6500.0(

1

2

3

)H2CO3 (aq) = CO2 (g) + H2O (l )]Keq = [CO2 (g)][H2O (l ) ]H2CO3 (aq [

2-5. 0/001 1/000 52 . Ka 0/921 ( . ( 0/001 ) (-CCl3COO . + CCl3COOH = CCl3COO- + H

921.0 = ]+Ka = [CCl3COO-][H ]CCl3COOH [

lit

( 2-5 CCl3COOH] = 0.100 x mole[

1.000CCl3COO-] = [H+] = x mole[

lit 1.000

x/1.000) (x/1.000) = 0.129 ( x) / 1.000 0.100 ( x2 = 0.129 x 0.100 x2 + 0.129x 0.0129 = 0 x = 0.0660

( 2-5 H+] = x mole[ 1.000 CCl3COO-] = 0.100 + x[

1.000CCl3COOH] = 0.100 x[

1.000 X = 0.0465 mole

)1( .

+

. H +H .+

H2CO3 + H2O = HCO3- + H3O HCO3- + H2O = CO32- + H3O-

+

H2O + H2O = H3O+ + OH

]+]+K1 = [HCO3-][H3O ]3] -H2CO

K2 = [CO32-] [H3O 3[HCO [

]-K = [H O+] [OH

)2( . .

. 2 BaCl.+ -

2BaCl2 = 2Cl- + Ba

2 x No.mol Ba2+ = No.mol Cl 2 ]-x [Ba2+] = [Cl 2 BaCl +H -OH : 2[]-Ba2+] + [H+] = [Cl-] + [OH

. Mg(ClO4)2 KCl 3 NaNO .2[+ ]-Mg2+]+[K+]+[Na+]+[H+]=[ClO4-]+[Cl ]-[NO3]+[OH

)3( . 0.1F. 0.1M : CH3COOH + CH3COO- = 0.1M

. ,2HgOH+, HgCl42-, HgCl3, HgCl 2 +HgCl+, Hg 2) Hg(OH . 2 +CHg. 3]-CHg2+ = [Hg2+]+[HgCl+]+[HgCl2]+[HgCl 24)]-HgCl42+]+[HgOH+]+[Hg(OH [+ -Cl :

3]-CCl- =[Cl-]+[HgCl-]+2[HgCl2]+3[HgCl +4[2 ]-HgCl

)4(

. . .

)5(

. .

)6(

.

)7(

)( 5 . )( .

AgCl . .10.0 F k1= 2.3x103 , k2= 6x103 ksp= 1.8x10-10 , kb= 1.76x10-5 ]-AgCl(s) = Ag+ + Cl]+)Ag+ + NH3 = Ag(NH3)+ ]Ag+][NH3[ ]+Ag(NH3)+ + NH3 = Ag(NH3)2+ k2= ]+Ag(NH3)+][NH4 ]-NH3 + H2O = NH4+ + OH[Ag(NH3)2 [ kb = [NH4+] [OH kSP = [Ag+] [Cl k1 = [Ag(NH3

... 2. [+ ]-Ag+]+ [NH4+]+[Ag(NH3)+]+[Ag(NH3)2+]=[Cl ]-[OH 3. . -Cl : 2)3]+s = [Cl-]=[Ag+]+[Ag(NH3)+]+[Ag(NH 10.0[ =4]+NH3]+[Ag(NH3)+]+2[Ag(NH3)2+]+[NH 4. .

]]+4NH3][Ag(NH3)+][Ag(NH3)2+][NH [-[OH-] [Ag+] [Cl. )(

... 5. 1 k 2 k 701 2=k1k2=1.4x 2)3 +Ag(NH. Ag(NH3)2+ ~ S ]-Ag(NH3)2+ ~ [Cl . []-NH4+] = [OH

[3]+)NH4+]