sheet 1 / 21© 2006 [email protected] 2006 in bonn - 21 march 2006 identification of...

Sheet 1 / 21© 2006 [email protected] AOM 2006 in Bonn - 21 March 2006

Identification of Crosscutting in

Software Design

Klaas van den Berg – University of Twente

José María Conejero – University of Extremadura

Juan Hernández – University of Extremadura


CC != S & T

Problem statement

CC = …


Context & Motivation

Steps Define crosscutting Identify crosscutting Quantify crosscutting Resolve crosscutting

Software Artifacts andSoftware Process Crosscutting Model

Adaptive MaintenanceModel

Measurement Value Measurement Value

External Factors

Quality Improvement Model

AOSDmany solutions!

what is the problem?


Concept Diagram

-the tangling and/or scattering of concerns

Crosscutting <<broad sense>>

-the spreading of a concern to multiple modules

Scattering <<broad sense>>

-the intermixing of multiple concerns in a module

Tangling <<broad sense>>

-a source element is scattered over target elements and where in at least one of these target elements, multiple source elements are tangled

Crosscutting <<narrow sense>>

-a source element is related to multiple target elements

Scattering <<narrow sense>>

-a target element is related to multiple source elements

Tangling <<narrow sense>>

operationalization


Definitions Crosscutting

the tangling and/or scattering of concerns Scattering

the spreading of a concern to multiple modules Tangling

the intermixing of multiple concerns in a module Aspect

a concern that crosscuts an artifact’s decomposition CC != S & T

Needed: operationalization CC = …


Outline

Crosscutting pattern definitions of scattering, tangling and crosscutting change impact analysis

Representation dependency graph dependency matrix & crosscutting matrix

Application change impact analysis / examples / case studies cascaded crosscutting pattern extended crosscutting pattern

Open issues


Crosscutting Pattern

Source

Target

isScattered

Source Element

isTangled

Target Element

0..*

0..*

isMapped0..*

1 0..*

1isRelated

1 0..*

1 0..*

1

0..*

isCrosscutting

source and target


Examples

Source element Target element

Concern Module

Concern Requirement

Requirement Use Case

Requirement Architectural element

Detailed design element Implementation element

Architectural element Architectural element

source and target are abstractions from

specific phases, levels, layers, domains,..


Crosscutting Pattern

Source

Target

isScattered

Source Element

isTangled

Target Element

0..*

0..*

isMapped0..*

1 0..*

1isRelated

1 0..*

1 0..*

1

0..*

isCrosscutting

Pattern: recurring problem and reusable solution Concepts source and target are taken from MDA

However, no automated transformations are assumed!


Crosscutting

s1 s3 s4s5

t1 t2 t3 t4t5

s2

Elements involved both in scattering and tanglings3 crosscuts s4

source

target

scatteringtangling


Crosscutting Crosscutting

a source element is scattered over target elements and where in at least one of these target elements, multiple source elements are tangled

s1 crosscuts s2 source element s1 crosscuts source element s2 for a

given mapping between source and target, if s1 is scattered over target elements and in at least one of these target elements, s1 is tangled with source element s2

s1 crosscuts s2 with respect to a mapping to and decomposition of the target


Change Impact Examples

s1 s3 s4s5

t1 t2 t3 t4t5

s2

Scattering: change s5 => impacted {t4, t5} Tangling: change s1 => impacted {t1, s2} Crosscutting: change s3 => impacted {t2, t3,

s4}

to be preserved

Propagation

of change impact

across multiple

levels

Dependency graph


Change impact

change element v in the mapping (x,v)

impact(x,v) =

change(x,v) +

(preserve(u,v) | u ← preds(v); x ≠ v) +

(impact(v,w) | w ← succs(v))

preds predecessors of an element • adjacent elements in backward trace

succs successors of an element • adjacent elements in forward trace


Representation

Dependency graph node: elements in source and target edge: dependency relation between source & target

elements Dependency matrix

source x target cell: dependency relation between source & target

elements Crosscutting matrix

source x source cell: crosscutting relation between source elements


Crosscutting

s1 s2s3

t1 t2 t3 t4

Example

s1 crosscuts s3

source = {s1, s2, s3}

target = {t1, t2, t3, t4}

dependency graph


Matrices

s[1] crosscuts s[3]

dependency matrix

target

t[1] t[2] t[3] t[4]

sources[1] 1 0 1 1 S

s[2] 0 1 0 0 NS

s[3] 0 0 1 0 NS

NT NT T NT

crosscutting matrix

source

s[1] s[2] s[3]

sources[1] 0 0 1

s[2] 0 0 0

s[3] 0 0 0


Mathematics

Dependency matrix :: source x target Scattering matrix :: source x target Tangling matrix :: target x source Crosscutting product matrix :: source x source

crosscutting product matrix =

scattering matrix x tangling matrix matrix multiplication

Crosscutting matrix :: source x source ‘normalized’ crosscutting product matrix


Case Studies

DVD System Gradecki & Lesiecki Logging

Dialog system in GUI Mediator Pattern

Drawing editor Adapter Pattern


Across Life Cycle

Consecutive levels or phases Traceability links between phases

(e.g. concerns, requirements, architecture, design,..)

Approach• Cascading of crosscutting pattern

• Transitivity of dependency relations

• Matrix multiplication of dependency matrices


Extended Crosscutting Pattern

Source

Target

isScattered

Source Element

isTangled

Target Element

0..*

1

isCoupled

0..*

0..*

isMapped0..*

1 0..*

1isRelated

1

0..*

isCoupled1 0..*

1 0..*

1

0..*

isCrosscutting

Transitivity of inter-level and intra-level dependencies


Evaluation

Identification of Crosscutting Crosscutting pattern

• Based on inter-level dependencies

• Definitions of tangling, scattering and crosscutting

Formalization• Matrix representation and matrix operations

• Operationalization of tangling, scattering and crosscutting

Across consecutive phases• Cascading of crosscutting pattern

Extended crosscutting pattern• Based on inter-level and intra-level dependencies


Open Issues

Elements in source and target• granularity of decomposition

• composites (vs atomic elements)

Dependency relations• inter-level dependency types

• intra-level dependency types

• directionality and transitivity of relations

Change impact in case of crosscutting• number of changes (delete, add, modify)

• severity of changes (effort)

Validation & scalability in case studies Tool support

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