sheep cross breeding and reproductive management as tools to enhance flock productivity
TRANSCRIPT
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والماعزوالحيوانات لألغنام المصرية والماعزوالحيوانات الجمعية لألغنام المصرية الجمعيةالصحراويةالصحراوية
EGYPTIAN ASSOCIATION OF SHEEP, GOATS & DESERT ANIMALSEGYPTIAN ASSOCIATION OF SHEEP, GOATS & DESERT ANIMALS
المجترات لتنمية األول الدولى المجترات المؤتمر لتنمية األول الدولى المؤتمرالصغيرةالصغيرة
11st International Conference onst International Conference onEnhancement of Small Ruminant Enhancement of Small Ruminant
ProductionProduction
(7-9 Feb, 2006)(7-9 Feb, 2006)
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SHEEP CROSS BREEDING AND REPRODUCTIVE SHEEP CROSS BREEDING AND REPRODUCTIVE
MANAGEMENT AS TOOLS TO ENHANCE FLOCK MANAGEMENT AS TOOLS TO ENHANCE FLOCK
PRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY
ByBy
Dr TALAAT HARB M REFAATDr TALAAT HARB M REFAAT
Eng ABDULLAH TALAAT REFAATEng ABDULLAH TALAAT REFAAT
(7-9 Feb, 2006)(7-9 Feb, 2006)
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GETTING STARTEDGETTING STARTED
BUSINESS STRATEGYBUSINESS STRATEGY WHYWHY BUSINESS STRATEGYBUSINESS STRATEGY MISSION STATEMENTMISSION STATEMENT VISSION STATEMENTVISSION STATEMENT
GOALS AND OBJECTIVESGOALS AND OBJECTIVES G0,G1,…………G4G0,G1,…………G4
CROSSBREEDINGCROSSBREEDING INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION GENETICS AND SELECTIONGENETICS AND SELECTION
REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENTREPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION THE ESTRUS CYCLETHE ESTRUS CYCLE PARTURITIONPARTURITION
PROGRESS REPORTPROGRESS REPORT BREEDINGBREEDING IMPORTANT TRAITS MEETING OUR GOALSIMPORTANT TRAITS MEETING OUR GOALS RECORDKEEPING SYSTEMRECORDKEEPING SYSTEM OVERCOMMING DIFFICULTIES IN GOALS ACHIEVEMENTOVERCOMMING DIFFICULTIES IN GOALS ACHIEVEMENT
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Systems Approach Systems Approach
the most appropriate for the most appropriate for gaining knowledge of and gaining knowledge of and designing technology for the improvement of designing technology for the improvement of
agricultural performance and agricultural performance and for the subsequent putting into practice of the for the subsequent putting into practice of the
knowledge and technology.knowledge and technology. unlike the more traditional disciplinary approach unlike the more traditional disciplinary approach
considers the effects that changes in one component considers the effects that changes in one component or subcomponent of a whole farm or environment may or subcomponent of a whole farm or environment may have on other components.” “1”.have on other components.” “1”.
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A properly applied systems approach should:A properly applied systems approach should:
Begin with no preconceptions about the nature of the Begin with no preconceptions about the nature of the system system
Be geared towards improvement of the system Be geared towards improvement of the system
Examine the interactions and relationships Examine the interactions and relationships
Attempt to identify constraints to better performance Attempt to identify constraints to better performance
Involve the farmers and their families in the process Involve the farmers and their families in the process
Evaluate “solutions” for their effects on productivity, Evaluate “solutions” for their effects on productivity, equity, stability and sustainability.equity, stability and sustainability.
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GETTING STARTEDGETTING STARTED
20 Barki ewes from American University of 20 Barki ewes from American University of Cairo (AUC) ,8/1998.Cairo (AUC) ,8/1998.two Barki rams from Animal Production two Barki rams from Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Borg Research Institute (APRI), Borg Al-Arab station .Al-Arab station .80 Osimi ewes from Abu-Kabeer Sharkiya, 80 Osimi ewes from Abu-Kabeer Sharkiya, 7/1999. 7/1999. two Finn / Rahmani rams from APRI, Sakha two Finn / Rahmani rams from APRI, Sakha Station.Station.
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setting a strategy setting a strategy
To formulate the To formulate the Mission StatementMission Statement To formulate the To formulate the Vision StatementVision Statement To set the To set the Goals & ObjectivesGoals & Objectives To devise an To devise an appropriate organizationappropriate organization To allocate To allocate new resourcesnew resources to the organization to the organization To comply with the To comply with the imposed requirementsimposed requirements To To reposition the project relative to the similar reposition the project relative to the similar competitors competitors To form a basis for making To form a basis for making action decision-now!action decision-now!
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MISSION STATEMENTMISSION STATEMENT
To encourage and enableTo encourage and enable
All farm managers at the threeAll farm managers at the three
Managerial levelsManagerial levels
To improveTo improve
The decision making processThe decision making process
For all types of decisionsFor all types of decisions
Strategic, tactical & technical Strategic, tactical & technical
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VISSION STATEMENTVISSION STATEMENT
Quantitative Approaches, DSS, TQM, HRM,Quantitative Approaches, DSS, TQM, HRM,advanced S/W & H/Wadvanced S/W & H/W
& different Methodologies & different Methodologies BecomeBecome
common toolscommon tools that that all farm managers can useall farm managers can use
to help themto help themto achieve their objectivesto achieve their objectives
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GOALS AND OBJECTIVES (G0)GOALS AND OBJECTIVES (G0)
to establishto establishmission statement, vision statement, goals, mission statement, vision statement, goals,
policies,policies,procedures & adequate organization;procedures & adequate organization;
objectives, scope of work objectives, scope of work AndAnd
job analysis and descriptionjob analysis and descriptionfor the required manpowerfor the required manpower
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GOALS AND OBJECTIVES (G1)GOALS AND OBJECTIVES (G1)
to facilitate collection, keeping,to facilitate collection, keeping,
updating for all information relatedupdating for all information related
to animal production, cross breeding, to animal production, cross breeding, reproductive management, reproductive management,
nutrition, …….etc. on different media, andnutrition, …….etc. on different media, and
to avail these information to all farm to avail these information to all farm candidates candidates
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GOALS AND OBJECTIVES (G2)GOALS AND OBJECTIVES (G2)
to establishto establish
systems assurance, product assurance systems assurance, product assurance function, and process assurancefunction, and process assurance
in the meantime in the meantime
to build and to improve :to build and to improve :
i a quality control system to all parts i a quality control system to all parts
ii a training system to all involving ii a training system to all involving candidatescandidates
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GOALS AND OBJECTIVES (G3)GOALS AND OBJECTIVES (G3)
to assist projects, managers to assist projects, managers
to performto perform
the four key stages of the project :the four key stages of the project :
initiation, establishment, implementation, initiation, establishment, implementation,
and project completionand project completion..
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GOALS AND OBJECTIVES (G4)GOALS AND OBJECTIVES (G4)
to performto perform
professional system studies,professional system studies,
feasibility studiesfeasibility studies
in the meantimein the meantime
to devise systematic means forto devise systematic means for
attaining objectivesattaining objectives
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Steps for Developing a Successful Selection ProgramSteps for Developing a Successful Selection Program Determine the goals for your sheep enterprise.Determine the goals for your sheep enterprise.
Select a breed or breeds that are suited for your goals. Select a breed or breeds that are suited for your goals.
Determine which traits are most important for meeting your goals. Determine which traits are most important for meeting your goals.
Identify and keep records on all your sheep. Identify and keep records on all your sheep.
Evaluate your ewe flock based on the important traits to determine Evaluate your ewe flock based on the important traits to determine where improvement is needed. where improvement is needed.
Choose rams that are superior in the traits that your ewe flock Choose rams that are superior in the traits that your ewe flock needs improvement.needs improvement.
Select replacement ewes that are above your flock average for the Select replacement ewes that are above your flock average for the important traits.important traits.
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IMPORTANT TRAITS MEETING IMPORTANT TRAITS MEETING OUR GOALSOUR GOALS
Meat/carcass quality, Meat/carcass quality,
Reproductive efficiency, and,Reproductive efficiency, and,
Adaptability to our environment( climate, Adaptability to our environment( climate, health, feeding & management system).health, feeding & management system).
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BREEDINGBREEDING
Consumer preferences, our selection criteria, Consumer preferences, our selection criteria, and suitability to a production management and suitability to a production management scheme were evaluated. scheme were evaluated.
During initiation phase we concluded to During initiation phase we concluded to follow two directions :follow two directions : Purebreeding :Barki breed Purebreeding :Barki breed Crossbreeding : Finn / RahmaniCrossbreeding : Finn / Rahmani rams torams to
Ossimi ewesOssimi ewes
Crossbred ewes tend to have an advantage Crossbred ewes tend to have an advantage over purebred ewes in reproductive traits. over purebred ewes in reproductive traits.
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WHY FINNSHEEPWHY FINNSHEEP
ancient breed, native to Finland ancient breed, native to Finland
one of several North European one of several North European short-tailedshort-tailed Landrace breeds. “9”Landrace breeds. “9”
have a have a longlong lean carcasseslean carcasses. A proportion of . A proportion of Finn genes within a composite ewe breed will Finn genes within a composite ewe breed will generally generally decrease fatnessdecrease fatness in lamb carcass, in lamb carcass,
a a desirable traitdesirable trait. “9”. “9”
earlier maturingearlier maturing breeds tends to have : breeds tends to have :
shorter pregnanciesshorter pregnancies than the late. “8” than the late. “8”
average gestation length 144-151average gestation length 144-151
Individual pregnanciesIndividual pregnancies 138-159 138-159 “8” “8”
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WHY FINNSHEEP (cont.) “11”WHY FINNSHEEP (cont.) “11”
High fertilityHigh fertility
Fast lamb growthFast lamb growth
Long, lean carcassesLong, lean carcasses
Good mothering Good mothering abilityability
Facial eczema Facial eczema resistanceresistance
Easy lambingEasy lambing
Early sexual maturityEarly sexual maturity
Highly intelligentHighly intelligent
ProfitabilityProfitability
Fine, lustrous woolFine, lustrous wool
ConstitutionConstitution
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RECORDKEEPING SYSTEMRECORDKEEPING SYSTEM Measuring traits and comparing animals requires :Measuring traits and comparing animals requires : identification system,identification system, recordkeeping systemrecordkeeping system
Lamb IDLamb ID, birth date, birth type (single, twin, triplet),sire, , birth date, birth type (single, twin, triplet),sire, and damand dam
production recordsproduction records include: birth weight, weaning weight, include: birth weight, weaning weight, post-weaning weight, average daily gain, post-weaning weight, average daily gain,
medication recordsmedication records, fleece traits, information on difficult , fleece traits, information on difficult births, comments about :births, comments about :
the dam’s disposition or mothering ability,the dam’s disposition or mothering ability,
the lamb’s the lamb’s physical appearancephysical appearance, and more, and more
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RECORDKEEPING SYSTEM (cont.)RECORDKEEPING SYSTEM (cont.)
Keeping records is just the Keeping records is just the first stepfirst step important stepimportant step is actually is actually using thoseusing those records to make selectionrecords to make selection and cullingand culling decisions decisions (( غربلةغربلة)) to improve the overall to improve the overall genetic make-up of your flockgenetic make-up of your flock..utilize production records in combination utilize production records in combination with with visual evaluationvisual evaluation to make your to make your selection decisions.selection decisions.
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OVERCOMMING DIFFICULTIESOVERCOMMING DIFFICULTIES
Satisfactory results were not obtained –Satisfactory results were not obtained –economical wise-economical wise- under natural breeding under natural breeding conditions.conditions.about to endabout to end our project several times our project several times we achieved a we achieved a technical contributiontechnical contribution in in purebreeding, crossbreeding as well as purebreeding, crossbreeding as well as reproductive management reproductive management regarding the preregarding the pre selected target traitsselected target traits The solution was toThe solution was to transfer transfer from from the naturalthe natural breeding to artificial manipulating of the breeding to artificial manipulating of the reproductive cycle of sheep.reproductive cycle of sheep.
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Hormonal ControlHormonal Control
A common method of inducing estrus in non-A common method of inducing estrus in non-cycling ewes is cycling ewes is progesterone-based therapiesprogesterone-based therapies. . Progesterone prevents the ewe from returning to Progesterone prevents the ewe from returning to estrus and ovulating. It is produced by the estrus and ovulating. It is produced by the corpus Luteum (CL)corpus Luteum (CL) of the ovary following of the ovary following ovulation and sustains pregnancy. When ovulation and sustains pregnancy. When progesterones are introduced artificially, they progesterones are introduced artificially, they fool the body into fool the body into thinking it is pregnantthinking it is pregnant and the and the animal animal will not ovulate or come into estrouswill not ovulate or come into estrous (heat). When the progesterone source is totally (heat). When the progesterone source is totally removed, the body removed, the body realizes it is no longer realizes it is no longer pregnant and will ovulate within a very pregnant and will ovulate within a very predictable period. predictable period.
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باإلسفنج القطيع من خمسمجاميع معاملة يوضح جدول
المجموع
المجموعة الخامسة
المجموعة الرابعة
المجموعة الثالثة
المجموعة الثانية
المجموعة الألولى
97 40 10 21 14 12 النعاج عدد
08-06-2005 20-03-2005 22-11-2004 06-06-2004 28-03-2004 تركيب تاريخاألسفنجة
21-06-2005 03-04-2005 07-12-2004 19-06-2004 11-04-2004 الحقن و النزع تاريخ
23-06-2005 05-04-2005 09-12-2004 21-06-2004 13-04-2004 التلقيح تاريخ
23-09-2005 15-07-2005 09-03-2005 21-09-2004 03-07-2004 الجس تاريخ
08-11-2005 02-09-2005 07-05-2005 02-11-2004 09-09-2004 األولى الوالدة تاريخ
27-11-2005 09-09-2005 23-05-2005 06-12-2004 12-09-2004 األخيرة الوالدة تاريخ
75 29 8 16 11 11 النعاج عدد الوالدة
43 20 3 9 5 6 الوالدات عددالفردية
28 9 4 6 4 5 الثنائية الوالدات عدد
4 0 1 1 2 0 الثالثية الوالدات عدد
22 11 2 5 3 1 لم التى النعاج عددتلد
111 38 14 24 19 16 الحمالن عدد إجمالىالمولودة
6 6 0 0 0 0 الميالد من النفوقالفطام حتى
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التناسلية والكفاءة التناسلية تقديرالخصوبة والكفاءة تقديرالخصوبةوالنفوق العددية والنفوق واألنتاجية العددية واألنتاجية
100100
**
النعاج عددالملقحة
97
//
المخصبة النعاج عدد75
77.32%
===
الخصوبة نسبة
100100
**
الوالدة النعاج عدد75
//
المولودة الحمالن عدد111 148%
===
التناسلية الكفاءة
100100
**
النعاج عددالملقحة
97
//
المولودة الحمالن عدد111
114.43%
===
العددية اإلنتاجيةللمربي
100100
**
الحمالن عدد المولودة
111
//
النافقة الحمالن عددالفطام قبل
65.41%
===
النفوق نسبة
4040
المزرعة إنتاج من ألغنام اليومى النمو معدل يوضح المزرعة جدول إنتاج من ألغنام اليومى النمو معدل يوضح جدول
سعر الكجم
التكلفة
قتر. مة
فترة متوسط الوزن
إجمالى الوزن
عددنوع و
#العنبر
التاريخ
عام. م مدة
26.5 2359 -- -- 11.13 89 8farm 3b 14-9-05
-- --
23.49 2443 313 6 13 104 8farm 3b 20-9-05
313 6
19.65 2555 406 8 16.25 130 8farm 3b 28-9-05
366 14
15.64 2737 433 13 21.88 175 8farm 3b 11-10-05
398 27
14 2933 294 14 26 208 8farm 3b 25-10-05
363 41
13.23 3227 214 21 30.5 244 8farm 3b 15-11-05
313 62
13.11 3435 173 13 32.75 262 8farm 3b 28-11-05
288 75
12.52 3755 238 20 37.5 300 8farm 3b 18-12-05
278 95
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THANKSTHANKS